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Nan Ding,1,* Wei Zhang,2,* Zhuo Wang,1 Chong Bai,3 Qian He,4 Yuchao Dong,3 Xiumin Feng,5 Jingxi Zhang,3 Shen Gao1 1Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Changhai Hospital), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Changhai Hospital), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changji Branch of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shen GaoDepartment of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Changhai Hospital), No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86(021)31162331Fax +86(021)31162304Email liullk@126.comJingxi ZhangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Changhai Hospital), No. 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail jingxizhang2000@126.comPurpose: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of suboptimal daily peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and technical misuse of three commonly used dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in outpatients with stable chronic airway diseases.Patients and Methods: Included in this study were 85 outpatients with stable asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO) and had previously used any of Turbuhaler® (TUR), Diskus® (DIS), HandiHaler® (HAN) between December 2018 and September 2019. The patient’s daily PIF against the resistance of a specific DPI and operation technique was investigated by two pharmacists by using In-Check DIAL G16 and a checklist.Results: Of the 85 patients, the proportion of patients with a suboptimal daily PIF and technical misuse was 38.8% and 65.9%, respectively. In logistic regression, we observed that the factors that increase the risk for suboptimal daily PIF were age (OR=1.06) and combination with respiratory diseases (OR = 6.59). The factor that decreases the risk for misuse was the higher education level (OR =0.63).Conclusion: Even if patients have received training at the time of initial prescription, the standardization of the use of DPIs by patients in our center was still unoptimistic. Age and combined with respiratory diseases were associated with suboptimal PIF. Higher education level decreased the incidence of technique misuse.Keywords: dry powder inhaler, inhalation technique, peak inspiratory flow rate, pharmacist, risk factors

Solar-blind photodetectors have received increasing attention due to their widely applications in military and civil aspects. However, most of the photodetectors exhibit low detection ability for weak ultraviolet light signal, and the forewarning of weak ultraviolet radiation is important for the immune system of humans. Herein, the self-powered photodetector based on $\beta $ -Ga2O3/NiO heterojunction with an ultralow dark current (1.09 nA at −15 V) has been fabricated, and the synthesized platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) are used for surface modification of the device. The obtained devices with Pt NPs exhibit a large ${I}_{\text {photo}}/{I}_{\text {dark}}$ ratio of 9153, an excellent detectivity of $4.2\times 10^{9}$ Jones, an ultrahigh linear dynamic range of 79 dB, and a high responsivity of 4.27 mA/W, with respective enhancements over 4476%, 2220%, 71.7%, and 2442% compared to the pristine device, respectively. These results indicated that the device has the excellent ability for weak ultraviolet light signal detection, and the enhanced performance can be attributed to the Pt NPs, which can remarkably enhance the generation of photogenerated carriers via the formation of the local electric field and the local surface plasmon resonance effect. The experiment provides an effective method for fabricating high-performance solar-blind photodetector.

Background Proper inhaler technique is highly relevant to the effective management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The tiotropium bromide spray (TBS) (Spiriva® Respimat®) is a soft mist inhaler (SMI) preferred by patients to pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) because of its convenience in use. However, the technique of using TBS inhaler in the real world is unclear. Objective To evaluate techniques in using TBS inhaler and investigate the association between the patient characteristics and the correct use of TBS inhaler. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 74 COPD patients who used TBS inhaler device for more than 3 months. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. The technique of using TBS inhaler was evaluated step by step. Incorrect use was defined as the patient's inability to complete the key steps in the inhalation manoeuvre. The percentage of incorrect use was compared between the groups. Risk factors related to incorrect use were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 74 participants, only 2 (2.7%) patients completed all the steps correctly, and 48 (64.9%) patients misused the key steps in the inhalation manoeuvre. Incorrect preparation of the TBS inhaler for the first use was the most frequently misused step, accounting for 77.0%. Factors associated with misuse of TBS inhaler included the educational background (p=0.010), living state (p=0.031) and COPD assessment test (CAT) score (p=0.005) of the patients. Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed that the COPD duration was significantly associated with the incorrect use (p=0.019). Compared with patients with a higher educational background, patients with an elementary school background [OR 11652.99, CI: 22.72-5975697.72], junior high school background [OR 7187.78, CI: 16.41-3146787] and high school background [OR 1563, CI: 4.27-572329.67] were more likely to misuse TBS inhaler. Patients living with their spouses alone were also more likely to commit errors in using TBS inhaler as compared with those living with their children [OR 12.29, CI of 1.14-1.96]. Clinical factors like the COPD symptoms were relative to the technical use of the device. Better technique was accompanied by a lower CAT score [OR 1.49, CI of 1.14-1.96]. Conclusion The incorrect use of TBS inhaler was common in COPD patients. Healthcare providers should not only teach the patients about the drug preparation but help them use the inhaler correctly. Special attention should be paid to patients with a short COPD duration and a low educational background and those who live without the company of their children. Proper use of TBS inhaler can significantly improve the symptom control of COPD patients.

Location marginal pricing (LMP) in a deregulated electricity market is the result of bidding by each node. A deep learning neural network is proposed for multistep-ahead LMP prediction with gap time periods at a specific node in a certain zone of the PJM power market. The proposed method is based on Transformer model which is a well-known sequence to sequence(seq2seq) architecture for deep learning that perform well on a variety of natural language processing tasks. The proposed method can use the covariates of the prediction time period to generate prediction results in parallel, rather than autoregressively generate results like canonical Transformer, which can avoid the error accumulation of the results. The experimental results show that the proposed method all achieves higher accuracy than conventional deep learning methods in different prediction steps.

Semantic segmentation is a fundamental operation in scene analysis. In this paper, an effective multiscale network for 3D point cloud semantic segmentation was introduced. By using a multiscale local feature extraction module which composed of four feature extractors of different scales in parallel, the generalizability of network for complex structures is enhanced effectively. To adaptively learn important feature channels, an attention mechanism is designed. Combining multiple features through skip connection, the network can preferably assign the semantic label for every point by exploiting global and local features. Experiments on 3D dataset (S3DIS) verify that our network is able to learn local region features, and the results are superior or comparable to the state-of-the-art.

As the maximal usage scale of human resources system in Chinese poverty alleviation history, the “first secretory” of poverty alleviation system essentially applies the initiative of “first secretory” whose ability is a decisive influence in poverty alleviation effectiveness to promote the transmission between diversity resources for poverty alleviation. This article structures the competency model of “first secretory” and dissect empirically the competency of “first secretory” in Yunnan with Atlas.ti and SPSS. By analyzing, we draw a conclusion that this model consists of three dimensions including basic knowledge and skills, core competence and personal characteristic, each of them contains their own relative dimensions.

In this work, we have investigated the potential of Pt nanoparticles in modification the surface of β-Ga2O3 layer, which improved the performance of β-Ga2O3-based device with a novel asymmetric metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure. The results shown that the disadvantage of high dark current in traditional MSM detector can be overcome by the novel asymmetric MSM detector and the Pt nanoparticles can remarkably enhance the generation of photogenerated carriers via formation of the local surface plasmon resonance effect. As a result, the obtained device has a high responsivity of 29.08 A/W, an excellent detectivity (D*) of 2.16 × 1011 Jones and a high normalized photocurrent-to-dark current ratio (NPDR) of 5.156 × 106 mW−1cm2, exhibiting an increase by 88.5%, 677% and 3024.8% compared to pristine device. At last, the energy band theory and the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) calculation were used to explain the mechanism of device performance improvement. These results of our study provide an effective method for fabricating high-performance solar-blind photodetector and pave the way for the potential application of Pt nanoparticles in the field of deep UV photodetector.

With the development of society, all fields will basically involve examinations. Nowadays, most of the papers in the form of paper media are used for examinations. The examination of paper media is heavily dependent on wasting natural resources and is difficult to improve effectiveness. For these reasons, the extensive use of test software is essential. The design and implementation of the text is based on the C/S mode exam management system. The system sets different permissions for each user category. People of different privileges use different functions. The system displays all the functions of the examination on the client, realizes the difference of information sharing and processing in real time, reduces the influence of human factors on the fairness of the examination, and greatly improves the efficiency of the examination.

The variable spraying technology includes two categories: premixed drugs and online mixed drugs. The operators need to be in contact with pesticides in the premixed operation, which is harmful to the operators. Meanwhile it has the disadvantages of large amount of pesticides and environmental pollution. In order to solve this problem, an injection-type online mixed drug spray control system for variable spraying and width control was designed. The required water flow and liquid flow can be set according to user settings or prescription drawings to change the spray concentration in real time. It can mix pesticides as needed and accurately spray pesticides. The injection type online drug mixing control system uses the liquid medicine injection method. This system injects the liquid medicine into the water solvent pipeline for mixing when the water flow rate is stable. a model for the mixing ratio of water solvent and liquid flow was established. Using PID control algorithm to control electric regulating valve to adjust water solvent flow. Real-time detection technology of high-precision drug liquid flow and micro-control method of drug pump are adopted to realize detection and control of drug injection volume. The mixture ratio range measurement showed that the mixing ratio was 10:1-270:1. The spray volume consistency test showed that the spray volume of the four nozzles was generally consistent. The mixed concentration detection is performed under different mixing ratios of the system, and the spatial variation coefficient is less than 5%. It shows that the mixed drug spray control system has better uniformity and stability.

Many kinds of antibiotics have effects on intestinal structure and function. In the current experimental study, we evaluate the effect of oral florfenicol on intestinal barrier in mice. Thirty adult male mice were randomly divided into two groups, the group none (N) and the group florfenicol (F), the mice in group F were orally administered florfenicol 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 7 days. At day 8, mice were euthanized and sampled for the analysis of alterations in genes and proteins from jejunum, jejunum morphology and microbiota analysis. Administration of florfenicol caused higher liver index (P

Under the leaping development pattern of renewable energy brought by carbon emission targets, large-scale wind and solar power in high proportion of renewable energy power system has brought volatility and uncontrollable factors, and generation-grid coordination has become a technical problem for the safe and stable operation. The concept of energy Internet introduces Internet technology into the field of energy consumption application, which provides a new way for the full coupling of various energy consumption patterns, and is an effective method to solve the problem of safe and stable operation of high proportion renewable energy power system. Based on energy Internet technology, this paper designs the sustainable development architecture of generation-grid coordination from three aspects of planning, operation and mechanism, which lays a solid foundation for the development of generation-grid coordination in the future ' two high ' power system.

Land suitability evaluation has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars in recent years, especially agricultural land suitability assessment. On the one hand, methods of land suitability assessment are also various, or even very different. On the other hand, other areas of research methods are gradually applied to this, making this research more abundant and mature. In this paper, the authors applied an evaluation indicator system including the three fundamental aspects of climate for crop growth throughout the life cycle, namely temperature, precipitation and sunshine to assess the climatic growth suitability of single-cropping and double-cropping potatoes at a national level. After revision based on slope and arable land, natural suitability maps for accessing single-cropping and double-cropping potatoes of China were drawn by authors for the two varieties of classifications. In the end, the authors clearly and comprehensively analyzed the complex spatial relationship between main potato production counties and very suitable areas of China in terms of natural suitability for potatoes. The research results mainly showed the following: (1) for single-cropping potatoes, the very suitable and suitable areas occupy 9.13% and 19.05% of China’ s total territory, while very unsuitable and very bad areas represent 14.60% and 18.08% of the total. For double-cropping potatoes, the very suitable and suitable areas occupy 26.68% and 7.25% of China’ s total territory, while very unsuitable and very bad areas occupy 11.02% and 23.43% of the total. (2) After revision based on slope degree and arable land areas, the very suitable areas in terms of natural suitability occupy 2.17% and 7.35% of China’ s territory, spatially concentrated in Northeast China, east Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for single-cropping and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain for double-cropping, respectively. (3) The authors studied the spatial relationship between the very suitable areas in terms of natural suitability for the two variety classifications and 130 main potato production counties with the evaluation indicator system. One-third of all of the counties were almost completely unsuitable for potato growth, and nearly another 27% were not good for potato cultivation. The outputs indicated that most of the main potato production counties are not located in very suitable areas in terms of natural suitability for potato growth. This article will powerfully help the relevant administrative departments and other agencies to effectively optimize the agricultural regional layout, and correctly guide the local farmers to adjust their potato cultivation to meet the needs of the market. It is also going to contribute to similar studies in other regions.

It is necessary to establish the longitudinal dynamic model of the tractor for the cruise control system to design a fixed speed control algorithm according to the characteristics of the model and the external disturbance characteristics. Aiming at the complexity of the longitudinal power transmission system of the tractor, this paper uses the modular mechanism modeling and the experimental data modeling to establish the longitudinal dynamic model of the tractor. Due to the nonlinearity of the longitudinal dynamics system, the inverse model method is used to linearize the model, which is convenient for the design of control structure and control algorithm of the standard cruise control system. The longitudinal dynamics model is simulated on Simulink, and the model is verified by real vehicle under driving condition. Comparing the simulation data with the experimental data, the results show that the model can accurately reflect the longitudinal dynamics characteristics of tractor, and can meet the requirements for the design of cruise control system.

In high frequency (HF) hybrid sky-surface wave radar, the first-order sea clutter broadening is very severe under the influence of ionosphere and bistatic angle, which affects the detection of slow ship target. This study analyses and simulates the broadening first-order sea clutter spectrum based on a modified first-order ocean surface radar cross-section (RCS) model using wide beam. The authors first introduce the working principle, range equation and positioning principle based on the newly-developed integrated HF sky-surface experimental system; and derive an expression for the first-order Bragg frequency. Also presented is a modified RCS model of first-order sea clutter, in which the HF sea clutter spectrum distribution characteristics and broadening mechanism are fully considered. Finally, the proposed broadening first-order sea clutter spectrum model is examined by measured data. Simulation results indicate that the proposed first-order sea clutter spectrum model can well describe the characteristics of measured sea clutter.

Background: The high recurrent rate of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has consistently confused the neurosurgeons, and the role of atorvastatin in the management of CSDH has remained unclear over past decade, and atorvastatin seems to be a safe and cost-effective treatment to CSDH. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review to discuss the effect of atorvastatin in CSDH. Method: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the China Biology Medicine disc, up to March 2017, for published studies on the effects of atorvastatin in the management of CSDH, and reviewers performed a brief qualitative descriptive analysis of atorvastatin's efficacy in the management of CSDH. Results: Three eligible studies were included in this systematic review. Results indicated that atorvastatin accelerated hematoma absorption, decreased recurrence risk, and surgical requirement. Conclusion: Limited evidence suggests that oral atorvastatin may be beneficial in the management of CSDH. Further high-quality studies focused on dosage, duration, hematoma size are needed to further elucidate the role of atorvastatin in the management of CSDH.

In order to optimize the recognition accuracy of maize kernels breakage detection and improve the detection efficiency of maize kernels breakage, this paper using computer vision technology and detecting of the maize kernels breakage based on K-means clustering algorithm. First, the collected RGB images are converted into Lab images, then the original images clarity evaluation are evaluated by the energy function of Sobel 8 gradient. Finally, the detection of maize kernels breakage using different pixel acquisition equipments and different shooting angles. In this paper, the broken maize kernels are identified by the color difference between integrity kernels and broken kernels. The original images clarity evaluation and different shooting angles are taken to verify that the clarity and shooting angles of the images have a direct influence on the feature extraction. The results show that K-means clustering algorithm can distinguish the broken maize kernels effectively.

Accurate segmentation and reconstruction of overlapping citrus target contours is the primary problem for picking robots. In view of the poor effect of existing research methods on the segmentation and reconstruction of overlapping citrus fruit target contours under complex background, a segmentation and reconstruction method based on region simplification and distance analysis is proposed. Firstly, the overlapping citrus region (Mask region) is obtained by using the previously trained Mask R-CNN model. Then, the convex hull curve of the region is obtained by the roll-wrapped convex shell algorithm, and the region enclosed by the convex curve and the Mask region are pixel-operated. The concave region is polygon-simplified; then the vertices of the polygon are extracted by the Shi-Tomasi corner detection algorithm, and the contour segmentation points are determined by analysing the distance from each vertex to the contour convex-hub curve. Finally, the segmentation contour is reconstructed by the least squares fitting method. The experimental results show that the average error of the proposed method for the reconstruction of overlapping citrus contours is 3.21%, the non-coincidence degree and time are 4.13% and 0.273s respectively, which superior to RANSAC algorithm and Hough transform algorithm. It can satisfy the recognition requirements of overlapping citrus in natural environment for citrus picking robots.

In order to obtain the deflection information of the anterior branch to enable the end effector to perform citrus picking in the correct posture, this paper proposes a method based on Mask R-CNN model and centroid estimation for pre-fruit branch deflection information acquisition. The method marks the front of the fruit branches by means of a rectangular-like marking method, and completes the identification of the pre-fruit branches with random posture. The ROI is obtained by the discrete mask obtained for the model, The ROI area is equally divided into two sub-areas for centroid extraction, At last, The two centroids obtained are used to calculate the deflection angle of the fruiting branches. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the model under the test set is 96.44%, the average recall rate is 80.71%, the average deviation of the deflection angle of the pre-fruit branches is 7.4°, and the maximum deviation of the angle is 12°.

This paper proposes to investigate the performance of a path planning method for a data acquisition task using multiple cooperative underwater vehicles (MAUV). We present a multiple objective path planning (MOPP) method to find the optimal solutions for the data acquisition task with certain constraints. This method is based on an Interval Programming (IvP) algorithm introduced in [1] for representing and optimizing over multiple competing objective functions. We made improvements to deal with multiple objective optimizations in the underwater environment. The MOPP model is built to respect with different behaviors. Preliminary simulation trials based on two simplified scenarios have been carried out. The results show that the cooperative data acquisition task could be finished satisfactorily and safety.

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are getting growing interest because of wide-range applications. However, the underwater acoustic communication technology is constrained by the nodes' continuous movement, limited communication bandwidth and node energy, which bring great challenges to UWSNs. In order to handle these challenges and to achieve an efficient energy consumption, many researches have been carried. A significant problem in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is the difficulty of energy limit. This paper proposes an AUV-aided acoustic communication protocol, namely AA-RP (AUV-Aided Routing Method Integrated Path Planning), which integrates the AUV's dynamic path planning algorithms into the routing protocol. This integrated communication method relies on two phases: AAR (AUV-Aided Network Routing) and RAPP (Routing Aided Path Planning). AA-RP utilizes the cooperation of multi-tasks to reduce energy consumption for network and avoids hot spot and zone problem with a dynamic GN (Gateway Node) schemes. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we make the simulation with NS3, which contains a UAN (Underwater Acoustic Network) module. The simulation results show that the method can reduce the network energy consumption with a good delivery ratio.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical stability of unilateral pedicle screw and rod system fixation (unilateral PS fixation) using the Tadpole system fixation for an unstable lumbar spine. We used 5 lumbar spines (L3/4) of a functional spinal unit (FSU) obtained from wild boar cadaver specimens. Damage or instrumentation was sequentially administered to each specimen, and 6 models were prepared: (1) an intact model, (2) an injury model with facet joint resection, (3) a unilateral PS fixation model, (4) a bilateral PS fixation model, (5) a Tadpole system fixation model, and (6) a combination of the unilateral PS and Tadpole system fixation models. We conducted a bending test in 8 directions by using a 6-axis material tester, and the range of motion (ROM) of each model in all directions was measured. The ROM of the combined fixation model of the unilateral PS and Tadpole system was considerably decreased in all directions. These findings indicate that the combination unilateral PS and Tadpole system fixation is a minimally invasive method that has the same stability as bilateral PS fixation.

Railway intelligent transportation system (RITS) is the combination of intelligent transportation system (ITS) and rail transportation. RITS is the important part of ITS, which is taken for the senior development stage of rail transportation. The concept of RITS is put first forward in this paper. Based on the study and analysis of the RITS system framework in China, it is proposed that the essence of the RITS structure design and optimization problem is how to determine and optimize the mapping relations between the logical structure and physical structure, and taking this point as start, to try to set up the RITS structure design theory-oriented system realization. The technical route is to define the mapping relations between logical structure and physical structure, making a set of structure design alternatives. With the target system, the fuzzy matter-unit optimization method is adopted to achieve optimization, thereby obtaining the best from structure design alternatives. The design and optimization theory applied to the RITS system framework is a relative systematic approach that can solve similar problems existing in other information systems.

Passively Q-switched quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser with Cr4+:YAG as saturable absorber is numerically investigated by solving the coupled rate equations. The threshold pump rate for passively Q-switched QCW-pumped laser is derived. The effects of the pump rate and pump-pulse duration on the laser operation characteristics are studied theoretically. The pump power range can be estimated according to the number of output pulses. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Super-heterodyne multi-channel millimeter-wave receiving system usually shared with one local oscillator (LO) source by using power divider, and the uniformity of power division and the bandwidth of the power divider will affect the performance of system. In this paper, the effect such as LO power, frequency, on super-heterodyne mixer's performance of the receiving system are simulated and measured, and the minimum change of LO power and frequency is acquired for minimum influence on performance of mixer. The results provide the design reference and guidance of power division and bandwidth for power divider in receiving system.

To reduce the energy cost of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSNs), the duty cycle (i.e., periodic wake-up and sleep) concept has been used in several medium access control (MAC) protocols. Although these protocols are energy efficient, they sacrifice bandwidth utilization, which leads to lower transmission rate. In order to solve this problem, asynchronous duty cycle with network-coding Asynchronous Duty Cycle with Network-Coding MAC (ADCNC-MAC) is proposed. It contains initialization of the MAC protocol phase and data transmission phase. In the first phase, we use an asynchronous duty cycle to find a rendezvous time for exchanging data. A strategy to select network coder nodes is presented to confirm the number of network coder nodes and distribution in the network coder layer. In the data transmission phase, the network coder nodes transmit using the proposed network-coding-based algorithm and a higher volume of packet will be transmitted to the Sink with the same number of transmissions. Simulation results show that ADCNC-MAC achieves higher power efficiency, improves packet delivery ratio (PDR), and network throughput.

For the monitoring of subway construction and operation safety, early warning and emergency measures, this paper studies the Internet of things(IoT) on safety monitoring of city subway project. This study also include the active smart sensors of city subway IoT and the wireless network composited by tags. This paper researches on the design of tunnel and bridge monitoring sensor on cluster detection. The information nodes of composition sensor format smart labels by connecting RFID through a IoT intermediate. The information reaches the final goal through the multiple hop transmission of smart labels. The monitoring information is transferred by wireless sensor following IoT protocol. So, in this way, achieving the goal of subway tunnel and bridge safety monitoring, early warning and emergency treatment.

The human body is a spring-mass-damper system that oscillates up and down while moving. Wearable robots can add energy to the person at an appropriate time to enhance human moving performance and reduce the metabolic cost of performing cyclic tasks simultaneously. We have developed a phase oscillator to add assisted power at resonance so the system attains suitable energy to overcome the vertical resistance. The oscillator is robust to disturbances and initial conditions and allows wearable robots to enhance running, reduce metabolic cost, and increase hop height. Results show that when the external force is angled at 25 degrees, the phase oscillator can maintain robust bounded energy in a limit cycle to enhance human running performance.

The incidence rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing in a number of different regions, and recent studies have indicated that addition of bevacizumab to CRC therapy is beneficial. To better understand the relative risk (RR) of adverse events associated with use of bevacizumab, we systematically reviewed published clinical trials that studied use of bevacizumab in treatment of patients affected by metastatic CRC (mCRC). The National Library of Medicine PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedicine databases were searched. The RR and number needed to harm (NNH) values for major side effects with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in a fixed-effects model and a random-effects model, where appropriate. Fifteen controlled trials totalling 6,937 patients were eligible for this analysis. Compared with the control group, the bevacizumab treatment group had a slightly higher risk of any severe adverse event (pooled RR 1.07 [95 % CI 1.02–1.12]). The pooled risk difference was 5 % [95 % CI 2–9 %], with an NNH of 20 treated patients. Analyses showed a statistically significantly higher risk of secondary endpoints, including the discovery that bevacizumab was associated with a threefold higher risk of hypertension (pooled RR 3.06 [95 % CI 2.45–3.83]), a twofold higher risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage/perforation and a lower risk of neutropenia (pooled RR 0.75 [95 % CI 0.26–2.19]). Bevacizumab has efficacy in all treatment regimens for advanced CRC. However, our meta-analysis raises safety concerns regarding an increased risk of serious adverse events associated with use of bevacizumab among patients with mCRC. Our findings warrant cautious use of bevacizumab in clinical oncology.

Tobacco loosening and resurgence process has strong nonlinearity and large delay-time ratio, and it is difficult to describe the process via accurate mathematical models. Thus, it is difficult to control the outlet tobacco moisture percentage (OTMP) for loosening and resurgence machine by operators. To solve these problems, combining the expert knowledge and operation experience, an intelligent control method based on case-based reasoning (CBR) is presented for loosening and resurgence machine. The intelligent control method is applied in certain cigarette plant which shows that the OTMP is controlled in the scope of target value and water consumption is reduced.

The performance of embedded systems is determined by many factors. The method of memory management is an important one of them. In this paper, three software optimization methods of memory management are discussed based on ARM embedded system and embedded Linux. Setting memory access permissions in system initialization improves the reliability of the embedded system. Using FCSE (Fast Context Switch Extension) improves the usage efficiency of memory. Allocating memory space by integer times of 4 KB makes more processes concurrency possible on embedded system which hardware configuration is insufficient. Experiment shows that the optimizing memory management methods studied in this paper improved the operating efficiency of ARM and embedded Linux system.

In the urban traffic network, intersection is the “bottleneck point” of road network capacity. And the arterial is the main body in road network and the key factor which guarantees the normal operation of the city's social and economic activities. The rapid increase in vehicles leads to seriously traffic jam and causes the increment of vehicles' delay. Most cities of our country are traditional single control system, which can't meet the need for the city traffic any longer. In this paper, Synchro6.0 is used as a platform to minimize the intersection delay, optimize single signal cycle and split for Zhonghua Street in Handan City. Meanwhile, linear control system is used to optimize the phase for the arterial road in this system. Comparing before and after the control, both the capacities and service levels of this road and the adjacent roads are improved significantly.

Combining with the characteristics of the construction enterprise, this paper establishes the construction enterprise competitiveness evaluation index system on the basis of the analysis of the current situation of evaluation methods. The rough set is utilized to make reduction of evaluation index and calculate the reduced index weight by through AHP. Then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applied to do the analysis and comparisons of the seven construction enterprises competitiveness in Zhengzhou City. The study shows that this method can evaluate the construction enterprise competitiveness effectively.

Aiming at the particularity of subway mobile communication system, a new kind of leaky coaxial cable is designed, and the characteristics of the communication system involves leaky coaxial cable are simulated by using ray-tracing method, the results show the applicability of the new kind leaky coaxial cable and the validity of the analysis method.

This paper analyzes the design features of subordinated debt issued by Chinese banks during 2003-2010, and shows their impacts on market discipline effect based on the comparison with the features of subordinated debt issued by American banks, and then from the view of market discipline summarizes the main problems in Chinese market of subordinated debt, finally gives some suggestions on improving the market discipline effect of subordinated debt in Chinese banks.

The evolution of product innovation and customer satisfaction is a process of interactive co-evolution. Therefore, marketing management must pay attention to the dynamic characteristic of customer satisfaction and concertedness with the evolution of product innovation and tap, meet and create demands to improve the customer satisfaction degree and product innovation.

This paper introduces very fast transient over-voltage caused by disconnecting switch operation of GIS. ATP-EMTP simulation program is applied to analyze the very fast transient over-voltage of 500kv GIS substation. The effect of protection measures on equipments is compared and analyzed, such as adding opening and closing resistor, R-C absorber, and Ferrite Rings. Also the measures are analyzed with considering the actual situation. This research thinking takes safety and economy into account, which can provide new reference for the engineering.

We describe a real-time multiple face-tracking algorithm under highly occlusion. In order to resolve the occlusion and temporal lost problem, a robust data association + filtering procedure is proposed. The mechanism combines the census transform based block-by-block strategy to infer the occlusion state via concerning observation changes of two faces. And a robust and straightforward filtering approach is provided to infer the state of the occluded object, so that the prior motion cues and observations are jointly utilized. Finally cross validation scheme is introduced to adjust the association process and resist unpredicted motion changes. Combining the proposed scheme to resist occlusion with a baseline discriminative kernel tracker, experiments demonstrate that the proposed tracking algorithm has favorable capability on video sequences.

In modern enterprise, project team has become a much more effective form for its flexible, problem-oriented and task-oriented. Knowledge sharing among teams plays a significant role in knowledge management of enterprise. Based on principal-agent theory, this paper explores the benefit game between enterprise and project team under information asymmetry condition, introduces both knowledge value and excess reward into knowledge sharing incentive model framework, and analyzes the impact of diverse parameters (e.g. knowledge value coefficient, standard knowledge value coefficient of enterprise, effort cost coefficient, absolute risk aversion coefficient et al.) on incentive intensity, expected revenue of enterprise and agent cost of project team. Mathematical analysis results show that the optimal incentive contract is determined when both sides reach the stable equilibrium state. If the parameters change, enterprise will simultaneously adjust the incentive strategy, and the optimal action of project team will accordingly vary to maximize bilateral benefits.

Along with the trend that emergency events frequently occur in the program management, it becomes significantly important to strengthen the program emergency management, and the scientific and reasonable resource allocation shall exert dual effects on the disposal of unexpected event. The paper proposes the process model of the program emergency management, analyzes the game between the program emergency events and program managers of the engineering construction company under the model framework of the dynamic game, and discusses how to generate the allocation scheme for relief materials with the game model.

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a new technology of classification in data mining, which is a small sample of statistical learning theory based on structural risk minimization principle and VC theory. It has simple structure and good classification ability, but its processing speed is slow when we deal with large amount of data, affecting classification performance. In order to overcome the shortcoming that SVM is better adaptability, combining rough sets of attribute reduction algorithm with SVM method of classification, the paper presents a new algorithm of text classification based on rough set and support vector machine. In a certain extent of support vector machines (SVM) to improve the ability of processing large-scale data of support vector machine, and through the simulation experiments to verify the superiority and adaptability of algorithm.

A reconfigurable tracked mobile robot (RTMBot) is presented in this paper based on a parallel four-bar mechanism. Firstly the structure of the robot is introduced. After that a centroid configuration model is proposed to analyze the trench-crossing capability of the robot and plan the locomotion configurations for crossing trenches. Then a virtual robot prototype has been constructed to analyze and simulate the performance of trench-crossing. Finally, a prototype of the reconfigurable tracked mobile robot has been produced, and experiments have been performed to verify the design concept and its embodiment. The results show that RTMBot can reconfigure itself to cross trenches.