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Background and objectives Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most aggressive human malignant tumors and is becoming one of the main factors of death and disability globally. Specifically, 60% to 70% of CCA patients were diagnosed with local invasion or distant metastasis and lost the chance of radical operation. The overall median survival time was less than 12 months. As a non-invasive diagnostic technology, medical imaging consisting of computed tomography (CT) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) imaging, is the most effectively and commonly used method to detect CCA. The computer auxiliary diagnosis (CAD) system based on medical imaging is helpful for rapid diagnosis and provides credible “second opinion” for specialists. The purpose of this review is to categorize and review the CAD technique of detecting CCA based on medical imaging. Methods This work applies a four-level screening process to choose suitable publications. 125 research papers published in different academic research databases were selected and analyzed according to specific criteria. From the five steps of medical image acquisition, processing, analysis, understanding and verification of CAD combined with artificial intelligence algorithms, we obtain the most advanced insights related to CCA detection. Results This work provides a comprehensive analysis and comparison analysis of the current CAD systems of detecting CCA. After careful investigation, we find that the main detection methods are traditional machine learning method and deep learning method. For the detection, the most commonly used method is semi-automatic segmentation algorithm combined with support vector machine classifier method, combination of which has good detection performance. The end-to-end training mode makes deep learning method more and more popular in CAD systems. However, due to the limited medical training data, the accuracy of deep learning method is unsatisfactory. Conclusions Based on analysis of artificial intelligence methods applied in CCA, this work is expected to be truly applied in clinical practice in the future to improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of it. This work concludes by providing a prediction of future trends, which will be of great significance for researchers in the medical imaging of CCA and artificial intelligence.

Background and aims Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the NADPH oxidase in phagocytic leucocytes, leading to severe life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. The most common treatments are prophylactic antibiotics sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and occasionally antifungal or anti-tuberculosis therapy. Haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only curative option for these patients. We summarized the treatments and prognosis of 50 cases of CGD patients in a single center in Chongqing, China. Methods 50 CGD patients were recruited between 2005 and 2017 based on clinical diagnosis, survival analysis was performed. The primary endpoints were overall survival and event-free survival (EFS), frequency of infections, incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after at least 18 months of follow-up. Results SMZ was begun for all patients since diagnosis. The overall survival was 80%. Among the 50 patients enrolled, 20 X-linked CGD patients received HSCT with a success rate of 95%. 10 HLA-matched related-donor and 10 HLA-matched unrelated-donor transplants were done. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD of grade I-II and grade III-IV were 60% and 5%, respectively. The myeloid donor chimerisms were all at least 94% except one 86.1%. Conservative treatment and HSCT decreased separately the frequency of infections to 5.1% and nearly 0 per 100 patient-months in patients. Conclusions Severe infections were the main cause of death and the overall mortality was still high in China. HSTC is a potentially curative therapy for CGD leading resolution of infections and complications. CGD children who had undergone HSCT have better quality of life and fewer infections compared with those treated conservatively.

This paper designs a color temperature adjustable LED based on structured fluorescent film which uses the structured pattern of the fluorescent film’ s thickness. Through the adjustment of the thickness of the fluorescent film, when the blue LED chip excites the structured fluorescent film, it can form alternate arrangement of the LEDs with White light of different color temperatures. By changing the working current of the two groups of LEDs, we can achieving the control of LED’s color temperature. And the simulation results show that ranging from 3000K to 6500K.

Taking account of the fact that the laser medium always cannot contact completely with the heat sink,the temperature of the laser medium is computed and its thermal effect is studied.Phase difference near the surface has a sizable fluctuation and therefore complicates the thermal effect.The fluctuation near the surface becomes greater with the increasing pump power,while the change of its depth is unconspicuous.The phase fluctuation as well as its depth reduces with the increasing contact area.At low pump power,the diffraction loss increases linearly with it,the larger the beam radius,the bigger the slope,when the pump power increases to some values,the slope becomes smaller,especially the beam with larger radius.Compared to the smaller radius beams,the larger radius beams has bigger losses for all powers.The variation of the diffraction loss with the contact area is not significant in small beam radius,while the diffraction loss increases with the contact area reduces in larger beam radius.

In the super high-rise frame-core tube structural system, outrigger and belt members can significantly improve the lateral structural stiffness and decrease the lateral deflection. However, they will bring adverse effects, such as mutations of structural stiffness and internal force. In order to take advantages of both rigid outrigger truss and viscous damper, viscous damping outrigger(VDO) is raised. Based on a super high-rise building, this paper introduces working principle and seismic energy dissipating mechanism of VDO. The discussion will firstly focus on how the outrigger truss stiffness influence on decreasing amplitude ratio, and then, the optimal position of VDO in a super high-rise building is analyzed in detail. At the final part, the application of VDO in structural seismic design of a super high-rise building in China will be clearly verified based on their feasibility, economy and safety.

Based on analysis of light intensity distribution over exit face,effects of direction angle of laser beam on exit optical field distribution were investigated during transmission process through optical fiber.A new influencing factor was proposed,which was a complement to the two proverbial factors-numerical aperture and core diameter of the optical fiber.Beams of laser diode were resolved into a large amount of ray during transmission process.On the condition of a constant entrance optical field distribution,influences of single beam and multi-beam direction angle and optical fiber length were analyzed by ray tracing method.Results indicate that,in optical fiber,deviation of a single beam direction angle can lead to extremum position excursion on the exit face,while with more beams,deviation of direction angle can bring about an obvious ring form light intensity distribution.It can be concluded that direction angle of a beam is an important factor which influences the light intensity distribution and extremum position over the exit face,and the length of optical fiber also takes effect.

A measuring method of transverse mode in a laser beam is presented,which is based on the spatial distribution of single pulse energy in a pulsed laser.An algorithm for this method is designed and proved to be reliable in theory and experiments.The spatial distribution curve of single pulse energy is derived by numerical simulation for Q-switched diode pumped solid state laser.The transverse mode proportion calculated by this method is exactly equal to those calculated directly by numerical simulation.An experiment is also conducted to measure transverse mode proportion by using this new measuring method.Spatial distribution of single pulse energy is obtained by testing single pulse energy at different positions in different planes.The transverse mode proportion in Q-switched diode pumped solid state laser is calculated by forming a system of equations with those testing data which is consonant with the spatial distribution curves of single pulse energy fitted by the calculated proportion and transverse mode distribution in those different planes.

The rotor eccentric is a normal state when DSPM running. When the rotor is eccentric, the air gap magnet density under relative pole is not equal. So, this causes large radial force acting on rotor and stator. Which causes vibration and noise. So, the analysis of radial force under rotor eccentric is the base to reduce vibration and noise. In this paper, FEM is used to calculate the static characteristic of radial force under rotor eccentric. The change rule of radial force with different rotor position, winding current, eccentric degree and eccentric angle is analyzed. The nonlinear mapping among radial force, rotor position, winding current, eccentric degree and eccentric angle is realized by improved PSO optimized RBF NN. This work forms the base to radial force control and parameters optimization.

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) has a strong nonlinear characteristic. This makes the traditional PI controller hard to get a good control effect. Single neuron has the simplest structure and fastest calculation speed. It is suitable to be applied on-line. Under certain condition, it can approach any nonlinear function with arbitrary precision and has strong study ability and adaptive ability. So, by combining it with traditional PI controller, the parameters of PI controller can be adaptively adjusted on-line. It is suitable to control nonlinear SRM. To get a super performance, the scale factor is set as a variable varied with dynamic response and improved PSO algorithm is proposed to optimum parameters of single neuron in this paper. This improved the convergence speed and precision of single neural controller. The scale factor K is also treated as a variable. Experimental results show that the system respond quickly, there is little overshot, the precision of stable state is high, also has a strong disturbance reject ability under the control of the proposed control scheme.

In order to maintain the overall traffic orders of urban transport system, prevent traffic network jam and the second accident occur during the roadway emergency incidents, the emergency control mechanisms at the accident scenes are set up. Firstly, basing on the scenes analysis to the emergency spots in dynamic traffic environment, the emergency control zone are constructed, which include early-warning area, approach area, transition area, activity area and termination area. Secondly, by means of the selection to the emergency vehicles interception positions, the length of the traffic taper lines and the traffic control zone, the emergency scenes traffic control mechanism are formed. Thirdly, the setting demands and the considerations of the traffic warning facilities are listed, which include the traffic cones, the early-warning brands and the isolation fences. Finally, taking the typical vehicle lanes as the examples, the construction of the emergency management and control area in accidents scenes are shown in graphics.

The relationship of road conditions and time change on the basis of people-machine-environmental coupling is researched. A prediction method of time recursive to confirm the shortest time of route is proposed. This method is as an accumulated experience basing on the idea of supervised learning in artificial neural network, colligating with the difference of road conditions during different time section, the human factors function, and the randomness of the accident in course of driving, thus the guidance of the traffic route is realized. Comparing with the real-time road conditions and accumulated experience, the method of time guidance prediction could offer real-time and effective road information for drivers. This guidance technology assists drivers to judge correctly in time and reduces the time losses because of the lack of the experience and the accidents. The guidance technology can be applied to the vehicles, which are with GPS. The example indicates that the model is effective combined with the real data.