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BACKGROUND Epithelioid angiosarcoma is a vascular neoplasm that is among the most aggressive subtypes of sarcomas. Its involvement in the gastrointestinal tract is rare. We here report a case of multifocal gastrointestinal epithelioid angiosarcomas presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding. CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old woman was admitted because of melena and dizziness for three months. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy were performed, revealing a centrally ulcerated hemorrhagic polypoid lesion in the gastric body and multiple polypoid lesions with blood clots and hemorrhagic tendency in the colon. Histopathological examination of routine endoscopic biopsy samples showed inflammation in the gastric mucosa and tubular adenomas in the colon. The polypoid lesions were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection. Immunohistochemistry suggested a final diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcomas. The patient refused chemotherapy and died after three months. CONCLUSION Epithelioid angiosarcomas are characterized by highly vascular nature and tendency to cause gastrointestinal bleeding. Efforts to obtain histological findings using endoscopic mucosal resection are of great importance.

Background Juvenile polyps are the most common type of polyps in children but are rare in adults. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have a similar spectrum of symptoms as patients with juvenile polyps. Both patients with juvenile polyps and those with active IBD have high fecal calprotectin levels. Four cases of children with ulcerative colitis (UC) with solitary juvenile polyps and one case of an adult with UC with juvenile polyposis syndrome have been reported upon diagnosis of UC, while there have been no cases of adults with UC with solitary juvenile polyp reported in the literature. Case summary A 37-year-old man with a 12-year history of UC was admitted to our clinic because of increased stool frequency. UC was diagnosed at the age of 25. As the lesion was confined to the rectum, sulfasalazine suppositories or mesalazine suppositories were used. The patient was followed in an outpatient clinic, and colonoscopy was performed every one or two years. The latest examination was undertaken three years prior in the presence of proctitis. Recently, the patient complained of three to five bowel movements a day. There was mucus in the stool but no visible blood. Colonoscopy revealed a solitary polyp, about 1.5 cm in diameter, with a short and broad peduncle in the transverse colon surrounded by congestive and edematous mucosa. The patient had no family history of colorectal polyps or cancer. The polyp was successfully removed by endoscopic mucosal resection. Histopathological examination revealed that the polyp was a juvenile polyp without any malignant signs. Immunohistochemical staining for p53 showed wild-type expression and p53 overexpression was not detected. Ki-67 labeling index was 3%. Conclusion This is the first case of an adult UC patient with a solitary juvenile polyp at the 12-year follow-up. The correlation between juvenile polyps and the activity of IBD needs further study.

Rhodioloside has been shown to protect cells from hypoxia injury, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have a good effect on tissue repair. To study the effects of rhodioloside and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on spinal cord injury, a rat model of spinal cord injury was established using the Infinite Horizons method. After establishing the model, the rats were randomly divided into five groups. Rats in the control group were intragastrically injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (5 μL). PBS was injected at 6 equidistant points around 5 mm from the injury site and at a depth of 5 mm. Rats in the rhodioloside group were intragastrically injected with rhodioloside (5 g/kg) and intramuscularly injected with PBS. Rats in the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) group were intramuscularly injected with PBS and intramuscularly with MSCs (8 × 106/mL in a 50-μL cell suspension). Rats in the Ad-HIF-MSC group were intragastrically injected with PBS and intramuscularly injected with HIF-1 adenovirus-infected MSCs. Rats in the rhodioloside + Ad-HIF-MSC group were intramuscularly injected with MSCs infected with the HIF-1 adenovirus and intragastrically injected with rhodioloside. One week after treatment, exercise recovery was evaluated with a modified combined behavioral score scale. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Pischingert's methylene blue staining were used to detect any histological or pathological changes in spinal cord tissue. Levels of adenovirus IX and Sry mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and used to determine the number of adenovirus and mesenchymal stem cells that were transfected into the spinal cord. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect HIF-1 protein levels in the spinal cord. The results showed that: (1) compared with the other groups, the rhodioloside + Ad-HIF-MSC group exhibited the highest combined behavioral score (P < 0.05), the most recovered tissue, and the greatest number of neurons, as indicated by Pischingert's methylene blue staining. (2) Compared with the PBS group, HIF-1 protein expression was greater in the rhodioloside group (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the Ad-HIF-MSC group, Sry mRNA levels were higher in the rhodioloside + Ad-HIF-MSC group (P < 0.05). These results confirm that rhodioloside combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote the recovery of spinal cord injury and activate the HIF-1 pathway to promote the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and repair damaged neurons within spinal cord tissue. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China (approval No. 2015KYLL029) in June 2015.

To investigate the significance of lymph node micrometastasis in T1N0 early gastric cancer. Lymph node micrometastasis may be a key mechanism in the recurrent T1N0 EGC patients after surgical treatment. It's unknow whether it is safe to leave the lymph nodes with micrometastasis untreated after ESD. A total of 106 T1N0 EGC patients were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical technique with CAM5.2 was employed to detect lymph node micrometastasis, and Immunohistochemical with D2-40 was used to detect the lymphatic vessels. Prognostic significance of lymph node micrometastasis and the relationship of lymph nodes micrometastasis with Clinicopathological features were analyzed. Twenty-two of the 106 T1N0 EGC cases were detected with lymph nodes micrometastasis, with the detection rate of 20.8%. The median survival time of the group with positive lymph nodes micrometastasis was lower than that of the group with negative micrometastasis, 48 vs 60 months. The incidence of lymph nodes micrometastasis in submucosal T1N0 EGC was 23.9%, while no micrometastasis was found in the mucosal T1N0 EGC. Of all the 30 cases according with the expanded ESD indications, six patients were found with lymph nodes micrometastasis. The occurrence of lymph node micrometastasis was common in T1N0 EGC. The cases with positive lymph nodes micrometastasis showed a lower median survival time than those with negative micrometastasis. lymph nodes micrometastasis incidence was higher in the submucosal ECG than in the mucosal ECG. lymph nodes micrometastasis was also found in the cases according to the expanded ESD indications.

With the wide application of spaceborne lidar, 2 μm laser with high repetition rate and high energy has become an important candidate for coherent detection lidar. Conductively cooling is recognized as the critical technology for high energy, 2 μm lasers. The structure and thermal design of a totally conductively cooled, diode side-pumped, 2 μm laser amplifier is introduced in the paper. The amplifier consists of a 20-mm-long Tm: Ho: YLF crystal pumped by 2-banks of 3-radially arranged diode lasers (LD). Through the research and analysis of the structure and thermal coupling of the amplifier head, the conductively cooling scheme satisfying the need of the application in the space environment is obtained. The peak power consumption of LD is 200 W and the average heat consumption is 23.76 W at 10 Hz. When the coolant temperature is 17°C, the stable temperature of the crystal center is about 30°C, which achieves the result of 2.6 times of laser energy amplification. The experimental data matches the result very well.

This study aims to investigate the inflential factors for visit time for tracheobronchial foreign bodies in pediatrics, and to shorten the time of diagnosis and reduce complications. A questionnaire survey was designed and conducted among the caretakers of children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies, and the related inflential factors for visit time were analyzed. The visit time for tracheobronchial foreign body was correlated with the age of the child, the type of foreign body, the educational level of the caretaker, a history of foreign body aspiration were provided, an examination was performed during the visit, the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic treatment, and transfer to a higher level hospital. Age, history of foreign body aspiration were provided, and anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic treatment were the independent inflential factors for the time of diagnosis (P

Background Colorectal juvenile polyps are rare and generally considered benign in adults. Carcinogenesis or neoplastic changes are rarely mentioned in the literature. We systematically evaluated the characteristics and potential malignancy of colorectal juvenile polyps in adults. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 103 adults diagnosed with colorectal juvenile polyps from September 2007 to May 2020 at our hospital. The characteristics, endoscopic findings, occurrence of intraepithelial neoplasia, carcinogenesis and diagnostic value of chicken skin mucosa (CSM) were analyzed. Results The average age of patients with juvenile polyps was 43.2 years (range, 19 to 78 years). A total of 101 patients (101/103, 98.1%) had a single juvenile polyp, and two patients had multiple polyps (107 polyps in total). Polyp sizes ranged from 0.5 to 5 cm. One (1/107, 0.9%) juvenile polyp was cancerous, and 7 (7/107, 6.5%) developed low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Neoplasia and cancerization did not appear in the two patients with multiple polyps. A 27-year-old female had a 2-cm polyp with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in the mucosa in the sigmoid colon with erosion on the surface. CSM was observed adjacent to 17 polyps, which were all located in the rectum and sigmoid colon, and one polyp showed low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusions Colorectal juvenile polyps occur in a wide range of locations and in variable sizes and numbers. These polyps are solitary in most patients and have neoplastic potential. CSM is not a tumorigenic marker in colorectal juvenile polyps and usually occurs in the distant colorectum. Colorectal juvenile polyps in adults may progress from low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and then to carcinoma and should be treated when discovered and regularly followed as colorectal adenomas.

Evidence-based decision-making is critical to optimize the benefits and mitigate futility associated with surgery for patients with malignancies. Untreated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a median survival of only 6 months. The objective was to develop and validate an individualized patient-specific tool to predict preoperatively the benefit of surgery to provide a survival benefit of at least 6 months following resection. Using an international multicenter database, patients who underwent curative-intent liver resection for HCC from 2008 to 2017 were identified. Using random assignment, two-thirds of patients were assigned to a training cohort with the remaining one-third assigned to the validation cohort. Independent predictors of postoperative death within 6 months after surgery for HCC were identified and used to construct a nomogram model with a corresponding online calculator. The predictive accuracy of the calculator was assessed using C-index and calibration curves. Independent factors associated with death within 6 months of surgery included age, Child–Pugh grading, portal hypertension, alpha-fetoprotein level, tumor rupture, tumor size, tumor number and gross vascular invasion. A nomogram that incorporated these factors demonstrated excellent calibration and good performance in both the training and validation cohorts (C-indexes: 0.802 and 0.798). The nomogram also performed better than four other commonly-used HCC staging systems (C-indexes: 0.800 vs. 0.542–0.748). An easy-to-use online prediction calculator was able to identify patients at highest risk of death within 6 months of surgery for HCC. The proposed online calculator may help guide surgical decision-making to avoid futile surgery for patients with HCC.

Countries around the world have been implementing public health interventions to provide vitamins and minerals. There is a concern that the cumulative micronutrient contribution of coexisting programs, when targeting the same population, may exceed their safe levels of intake, thus potentially challenging the primum non nocere principle. We assessed the regulatory framework of such interventions and determined qualitatively whether there were provisions in the regulations that called for coordination among programs to ensure their innocuousness. Country cases from various WHO regions were selected for the study: (1) the Americas: Chile, Costa Rica, and Guatemala; (2) Africa: Malawi, Uganda, and Zambia; (3) South Asia: Bangladesh; and (4) the Western Pacific Region: China and the Philippines. We did not identify any provisions in the existing regulations requiring coordination mechanisms among interventions. However, in some countries, governments have established national micronutrient fortification commissions or alliances aimed to foster interprogram coordination. Their focus, however, has been mostly on the efficacy of the programs and less on their safety. A regulatory framework for coexisting micronutrient interventions should be comprehensive, accounting for all micronutrient sources and including regulatory provisions for coordination among programs.

A novel photonic composite film based on a luminescent dicyanodistyrylbenzene-based liquid crystal polymer network (LCN) was fabricated by using a silica colloidal crystal as a template. The upper part of inverse opal structure and the luminescence characteristics of dicyanodistyrylbenzene-based moiety endowed the resulting bilayer photonic film with structural color arising from coherent Bragg reflection and fluorescence properties, respectively. A fluorescence enhancement phenomenon was observed in the photonic film due to the overlap between the reflection band and emission band of the fluorescent LCN. More importantly, the photo-induced irreversible Z/E photoisomerization of dicyanodistyrylbenzene-based moiety in the photonic film led to both a reflection spectral shift and an observable fluorescence variation. On the basis of this effective phototuning process, microscopic patterning of photonic film was developed under both fluorescence mode and reflection mode. The work demonstrated here provides a new route to construct photo-responsive photonic film.

Background Tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs secreted by cancer cells play significant roles in the pathological processes of cancer, but no systematic meta-analysis has focused on the diagnostic efficiency of exosomal miRNAs. This meta-analysis assessed the diagnostic value of circulating exosomal miRNA in cancer. Methods Studies evaluating the diagnostic value of exosomal miRNA were identified in EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to August 1, 2018. The quality of each study was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2, and STATA 14.0 was used for the analyses. The true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), and false negative (FN) rates were extracted from each study to obtain the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The meta-analysis included 16 studies with 1,591 patients. Five studies reported sensitivity values, and the pooled sensitivity was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.80 - 0.90, while 29 studies reported specificity values, and the pooled specificity was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.83 - 0.93). The pooled PLR was 7.8 (95% CI = 4.9 - 12.4), the pooled NLR was 0.16 (95% CI = 0.11 - 0.24), the pooled DOR was 48 (95% CI = 23 - 101), and the AUC was 0.94 (0.91 - 0.96). Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicated that body fluid exosomal miRNAs are highly accurate for distinguishing patients from healthy individuals, and exosomal miRNAs have superior diagnostic value in plasma, prostate cancer patients, and non-Asian individuals.

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of liver enucleation with resection of a giant hemangioma proximal to the hepatic portal vascular structures. From 2008 to 2014, 53 patients with giant hemangiomas proximal to the hepatic portal vascular structures underwent surgery in our hospital by the same surgical team. The indications for surgery included a tumor size greater than 8 cm, a middle size greater than 4 cm but with abdominal pain, a rapidly increased tumor size with uncertain malignancy, or tumor rupture. Thirty-two patients (60 %) had pain only, 15 (29 %) had pain with tumor growth, 5 patients (9 %) had an uncertain diagnosis, and 1 patient (2 %) had tumor rupture. Enucleation was performed in 31 patients and liver resection was performed in 22 patients. There were no significant differences in the size of the hemangioma (13.9 ± 3.1 vs 12.3 ± 5.5 cm; P > 0.05), preoperative liver function tests, hemoglobin levels, and platelet counts between the enucleation and resection groups. The mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the enucleation group compared with the resection group (350.9 ± 89.8 vs 988 ± 91.7 mL; P

At present a number of machinery factories select cutting parameters mainly rely on the experience in China. In order to get the reasonable cutting parameters and then have a optimal machining surface quality, high production efficiency and low production cost. In this paper, using genetic algorithm and Matlab software [1] to optimize cutting parameters of milling and combining with the actual cutting test in factory to verify the optimized data. And then provide theory basis and feasible measure for milling.

As a key part feature of the machine, machine tool spindle has the characteristics of high reliability and high precision. The traditional test methods used to short the test cycle and analyze failure life of small sample data are inappropriate. Firstly, the reliability testing system of machine tool spindle was expounded; then, research status and the statistical analysis method of the performance degradation analysis used in the reliability test of machine tool spindle system were expounded. The influence to the credibility of the reliability test for machine tool spindle was put forward and analyzed: stress selection, feature selection, failure threshold selection and small sample analysis. Accelerated degradation test was given for further research in the reliability test for machine tool spindle.

Increasingly stringent regulations on emission control and energy efficiency operations drives the maritime industry towards hybrid solutions incorporating energy storage and other alternative energy sources into marine power systems. In particular, commercial all-electric hybrid vessels with dynamic operations such as harbor tugs often face significant challenges in power management control to maximize fuel savings, in addition to ensuring power system reliability. An intelligent power management control strategy plays an important role in effectively managing the multiple energy sources and their constraints to achieve desired control objectives. Hence, in this paper, Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach is proposed to address these challenges. The propose strategy shows comparative performance in terms of fuel savings when compared to the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), with added advantage of improving power system reliability.

Enhancing sodium release from the food matrix, thus increasing saltiness perception, is a promising strategy to reduce the amount of salt needed in foods. However, the complex nature of the effect of the food matrix on saltiness perception makes it difficult to control saltiness perception when designing food products. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the food matrix effects on saltiness perception of sodium chloride. The effects are discussed in the order of 3 stages in saltiness perception: release of sodium from food matrix into oral cavity (1st stage), delivery of sodium within oral cavity (2nd stage), and detection of sodium by the taste receptor cells (TRCs) (3rd stage). In the 1st stage, the food matrix affects the initial availability of sodium to be released, and also affects the spontaneous and facilitated migration of sodium from the matrix into the oral cavity. In the 2nd stage, the food matrix affects the availability of sodium and the mixing efficiency of sodium with saliva. The relationship between food matrix and oral processing of food that may affect the sodium release (1st stage) and the delivery (2nd stage) is also discussed. In the 3rd stage, the food matrix affects the physical availability of sodium for the TRCs, the physiological activity of TRCs, and the central activities involved in the perception process. Based on the understanding of complex nature of the matrix effects on saltiness perception discussed in this review, the properties of food matrix may be controlled effectively to enhance saltiness perception and achieve sodium reduction.

The stress distribution properties in a single lap-jointed cantilevered adhesive beam have been investigated using three dimensional finite element methods. Finite element solutions of the stress distributions in the adhesive layer have been obtained for three typical boundary conditions. It was found that the stress concentrations are confined to a very small region near the free ends of interfaces between the adherend and the adhesive layer while the centre region of the adhesive layer is mostly stress-free. This suggests that the first failure may be expected at the free ends of interfaces between the adherend and the adhesive layer. This also implies that the adhesive material near the free ends of the adhesive layer is mainly bearing the load being transferred through the adhesive joint. The analysis results show that by choosing suitable boundary condition, the bending effect can be reduced and the strength, fatigue life and reliability of the bond can be improved.

Based on the Timoshenko beam theory, the dynamics model of a spindle system is constructed. The Young’s modulus of the material and the stiffness of bearing are considered as random variables for a Monte Carlo simulation about the spindle system’s first nature frequency. The simulation results shows that the statistical attribute of these parameter introduce variation to the systems dynamics property. The reliability of avoiding the spindle resonance is then calculated.

In this paper, a 6-DOF riveting manipulators kinematics model was built by D-H method, and its kinematics problems were discussed. Each of the kinematics parameters was gotten by solving the direct and inverse kinematics functions in Matlab. Then the virtual prototype model of the riveting manipulator was built by ADAMS, and the position, velocity and acceleration in the end center of the riveting manipulator were gotten by the simulation analysis. The reasonability of each linkage design parameters and kinematics model could be verified by simulation results in ADAMS, a foundation could be laid for the further dynamics research.

The process of system reliability analysis for a conveying system with GO methodology was presented. The reliability criterion for a parallel conveying system was defined, regarding to its specific structure and function. Some new GO operators were defined and their algorithms were derived, considering system reparability. The system GO chart was established based on system diagram. Some important reliability parameters for steady system, such as availability and MTBF can be directly calculated with the GO calculation. The result shows that the proposed process is effective for the reliability analysis of this type conveying system and can provide a theoretical basis for the program decision and repairable system optimum design.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Objective: This meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics for acute diarrhea (AD) in children and investigated probiotic formulations, types of interventions, and country factors. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effects of probiotics or synbiotics on AD were analyzed. We followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The risks of systematic errors (bias) and random errors were assessed, and the overall quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: The meta-analysis included 34 studies with 4911 patients. Five and 29 studies presented the results of synbiotic and probiotic interventions, respectively. After intervention, the durations of diarrhea (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −16.63 [−20.16; −12.51]) and hospitalization (risk ratio (RR) = 0.59 [0.48; 0.73]) were shorter, the stool frequency on day 3 (WMD = −0.98 [−1.55; −0.40]) was decreased, and the incidence of diarrhea lasting 3 days was lower in the probiotic and synbiotic groups than in the control groups. Furthermore, in the subgroup analyses, synbiotics were more effective than probiotics at reducing the durations of diarrhea and hospitalization, and Saccharomyces and Bifidobacterium were more effective than Lactobacillus at reducing the duration of diarrhea. Conclusion: This meta-analysis supports the potential beneficial roles of probiotics and synbiotics for AD in children. Further research is needed to determine problems associated with probiotic/synbiotic mixtures and appropriate dosages.

Rationale: Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare, high-grade neoplasm characterized by overtly malignant cytologic features and a poor prognosis. Herein, we present a rare case of langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) that later transformed into langerhans cell sarcoma 11 months after the benign mass was excised from soft tissue in the right groin. Patient concerns: A 41-year-old patient who presented with a mass in the right groin for 3 years earlier after being bitten by ants. Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with langerhans cell sarcoma arising from antecedent langerhans cell histiocytosis. Interventions: The patient underwent with 6 cycles of a modified etoposide, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, dexamethasone (E-CHOP) regimen. Outcomes: The patient is currently receiving follow-up care. Lessons: LCH transformed into LCS is a rare case. E-CHOP as an effective first-line therapy to treat LCS cases, but, the mechanism is unclear. Due to their rarity, further data on clinical outcomes are necessary to establish the optimal treatment strategy for LCS.

This study aims to investigate the Chongqing office workers cognition on food safety when eating out, then to provide basic reference about the food safety education for the office workers. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2637 office workers in eight commercial centers of Chongqing municipal main urban districts by street interview, using self-designed questionnaire of Chongqing main urban office workers cognition on food safety when eating out. 2400 valid questionnaires were analyzed. 64.41%(1540/2391) of the office workers would pay attention to food safety problem. 14.73% (352/2390) of the office workers were aware of food safety grade rating, and the awareness rates of male are significant higher than female. When meeting with food safety problems, 80.87% (1936/2394) of the office workers would choose to exchange the dishes, 30.95% (741/2394) of them would remind friends not to consume, 23.73% (568/2394) of them would refuse to pay for the dishes, 10.74% (257/2394) of the office workers would claim for compensation, 9.36% (224/2394) of them would report it to the department concerned, 9.19% (220/2394) of them thought they had bad luck,2.92% (70/2394) of the office workers would choose to disclose it by media. The main channels of food safety information were TV (85.54%, 2087/2385), newspapers (68.60%, 1636/2385), network (55.89%, 1333/2385), and magazines (24.70%, 589/2385). The attention that office workers paid to food safety and the relevant laws, regulations and measures is low, and the office workers lack of right-protection awareness, Besides TV and newspapers, network has become the main sources of information on food safety.

The strengthening of ship emission controls and expected increase of fuel oil prices in the future have driven the interest in fuel efficient solutions for the maritime industry. Hybrid all-electric tugboat has shown its potential in improving fuel economy. However, using conventional rule-based/heuristic power management strategies relies largely on the experience of the designers and crew operators, which cannot guarantee optimality. Motivated by the optimization-based power management strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), this paper investigates the potential benefits of Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) in hybrid allelectric tugboats application. The proposed power management strategy promises 17.6% of fuel savings compared to conventional rule-based strategy.

The number of studies reporting lymphoma as a secondary tumor has gradually increased. However, few studies have reported that occurrence of lymphoma as a secondary tumor following treatment for penile carcinoma, particularly cases in which the lymphoma was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry. The present study reports the case of a 62-year-old male patient who was troubled with frequent urination and repeated chest tightness for 5 years. The diagnosis upon admission was penile carcinoma. Two months subsequent to the tumor removal surgery, enlarged lymph nodes were extracted from the patient using fine-needle biopsy, to be analyzed using light microscopy and flow cytometry. Smear results indicated a large number of abnormal cells scattered in the right axillary lymph node. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of fine-needle aspiration samples indicated the increased expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)79a, CD19, CD20, CD38, κ chain and human leukocyte antigen-DR, which supported a diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma based on the results of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy and flow cytometry. The method of diagnosis and causes of therapy-related leukemia are discussed in the present report.

SUMMARY Aims: To investigate whether nisoldipine and olmesartan improve endothelial function, decrease asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and alleviate the inflammatory and oxidative process. Methods: Fifty‐five essential hypertensive patients were randomized to receive nisoldipine or olmesartan for 8 weeks according to a parallel‐group, active‐controlled, single blind study, and 28 matched normotensive subjects served as healthy controls. Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), and plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), 8‐isoprostane (also named 8‐isoPGF2α), and ADMA were determined. Results: At baseline, the plasma levels of ADMA, ET‐1, hs‐CRP, and 8‐isoPGF2α were markedly higher in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive subjects (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between plasma levels of ET‐1 and ADMA in patients with essential hypertension, but not in normotensive subjects. The NO plasma concentrations were significantly lower in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive subjects. Furthermore, hypertensive subjects demonstrated significantly lower FMD than healthy control (P < 0.05). Nisoldipine and olmesartan significantly and similarly reduced blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension (P < 0.001). At the end of the 8‐week treatment, plasma ADMA and ET‐1 levels were decreased significantly (P < 0.01). FMD increased significantly in nisoldipine or olmesartan‐treated patients (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in plasma hs‐CRP contents was observed in patients receiving nisoldipine (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that nisoldipine and olmesartan both improve FMD in patients with essential hypertension. This may be associated with decreased circulating levels of CRP, ET‐1, and ADMA.

The steady laminar two-dimensional thermocapillary convection of two superposed horizontal liquid layers in a shallow annular cavity was investigated using asymptotical analysis. The liquids were supposed to be immiscible with a nondeformable interface. The cavity was heated from the outer cylindrical wall and cooled at the inner wall. Bottom and top surfaces were rigid and adiabatic. Asymptotic solutions were obtained in the core region in the limit as the aspect ratio, which was defined as the ratio of the lower layer thickness to the gap width, and trended to zero. The numerical experiments were also carried out to compare with the asymptotic solution of the steady two-dimensional thermocapillary convection. It is found that the expressions of velocity and temperature fields in the core region are valid in the limit of the small aspect ratio.

The thermocapillary convection and buoyant-thermocapillary convection in the annular pool of silicon melt (Pr=0.011) and silicone oil (Pr=6.7) with depth d=10 mm differentially heated at the outer wall and cooled at the inner wall are investigated by 2-D numerical simulation. The numerical results exhibit that the thermocapillary flow is enhanced by buoyancy force for silicon melt while it is weakened for silicone oil. Linear stability analysis indicates that the buoyancy force destabilizes the thermocapillary convection, which is different from that for silicone oil. The detailed reason of different influence of buoyancy force on the thermocapillary flow with different Pr numbers is explained according to present numerical results.

A new method of making three-dimensional hologram is presented.On the basic principle of two-step rainbow holography,we obtain the Fraunhoer phase information of three-dimensional object by digital coding the wave front of multi visual angle images.Such images are divided into small blocks and coding individually.In the experiments,the phase information of blocks was inputted into phase only liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator,the voxel image was reconstructed at the focal plane of fourier lens with laser ilumination and recoded with interference on photoresists.The whole three-dimensional image was obtained by matrix stitching voxel images.The results proved this mehtod.It will be an important technology of three-dimensional display.

In order to understand the characteristics of thermocapillary–buoyancy flow, we conducted a series of unsteady three-dimensional numerical simulations of thermocapillary–buoyancy flow of 0.65cSt silicone oil (Prandtl number Pr = 6.7) in an annular pool with different depth ( d = 1–11 mm) heated from the outer wall (radius r o = 40 mm) and cooled at the inner cylinder ( r i = 20 mm) with an adiabatic solid bottom and adiabatic free surface. Simulation conditions correspond to those in the experiments of Schwabe [D. Schwabe, Buoyant–thermocapillary and pure thermocapillary convective instabilities in Czochralski systems, J. Crystal Growth 237–239 (2002) 1849–1853]. Simulation results with large Marangoni number predict three types three-dimensional flow patterns. In the shallow thin pool ( d = 1 mm), the hydrothermal wave characterized by curved spokes is dominant. In the deep pools ( d ⩾ 5 mm) the three-dimensional stationary flow appears and this flow pattern corresponds to the Rayleigh-Benard instability, which consists of pairs of counter-rotating longitudinal rolls. When 2 mm ⩽ d ⩽ 4 mm, the hydrothermal wave and three-dimensional oscillatory flow coexist in the pool and travel along the same azimuthal direction with the same angular velocity. The critical conditions for the onset of three-dimensional flows were determined and compared with the experimental results. The characteristics of three-dimensional flows were discussed.

The aim of this study was to review the diagnosis and operative management of cases of high-grade pancreatic trauma. A retrospective analysis was performed on 14 patients treated for high-grade pancreatic trauma at our institution between December 2008 and November 2013. The patients were treated for injuries resulting from blunt abdominal trauma. The main clinical data of the patients was analyzed, including time to diagnosis, initial serum amylase level, ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings, pancreatic injury severity as scored according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale, injury to other organs, operative treatment method, postoperative complications, and patient outcome. All 14 patients were diagnosed with severe (≥ grade III) pancreatic trauma. Diagnosis was confirmed in all seven hemodynamically stable patients that underwent CT and in 9/13 patients receiving ultrasound examination. All patients underwent surgical operations, including emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 8), splenectomy with distal pancreatectomy (n = 3), spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (n = 1), medial pancreatectomy with Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy (n = 1), and peripancreatic debridement and drainage (n = 1). Diagnosis was delayed beyond 24 h in two patients, both of whom underwent reoperative peripancreatic debridement and drainage, with one death. The complications included pancreatic fistula (n = 8), peripancreatic abscess (n = 2), hepatic artery hemorrhage (n = 1), gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 1), and intra-abdominal abscess (n = 1). CT is the most reliable method for diagnosing high-grade pancreatic trauma. Aggressive surgical therapy including pancreaticoduodenectomy is acceptable in hemodynamically stable patients.

The influence of pool rotation on the thermocapillary flow in a shallow annular pool (Ri=20 mm, R0=40 mm, and depth d=1 mm) of silicone oil (0.65 cSt, Pr=6.7), heated from the outer wall and cooled at the inner wall, is investigated by numerical simulations and linear stability analysis (LSA). The increase in Ta from 0 to 0.322 and 0.806 destabilizes the basic steady axisymmetric flow field against hydrothermal waves (HTW) and the critical Marangoni number Mac decreases from 8.396×103 to 8.096×103 and 7.999×103, while the critical azimuthal wave number mc increases from 27 to 30 and 33. In rotating annular pool, the HTW propagates in the direction opposite to the pool rotation, when observed from a view point in the rotating coordinate. At Ma=1.34×104, the azimuthal wave number m increases up to 54 and branching of spiral arms occurs near the inner wall. This branching phenomenon occurs only at Ma=1.34×104 and disappears at larger values of Ma. However, at Ma=2×104, two groups of HTWs (m=48 and m=5) coexist and the HTW with m=5 propagates in the same azimuthal direction as that of the pool rotation. Both the numerical simulation and LSA results indicate that the pool rotation destabilizes the basic steady axisymmetric thermocapillary flow in the present Ta range (Ta⩽0.806). The influence of the pool rotation on the instability of the thermocapillary flow is distinguishable even for such a small rotating rate of the shallow annular pool. This can be explained by the additional energy supply from the azimuthal flow field induced by the Coriolis force.

Conventional operations of wastewater treatment systems use the concepts of steady-state control, and often lead to unnecessary resource consumption for maintaining system functions. Real-time control was examined as a useful approach for improving the operation of wastewater treatment systems. This paper presents the application of real-time control to enhance the performance of nitrogen removal in a continuous-flow SBR system. A real-time control system combining on-line measurement of ORP and pH with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was proposed to carry out unsteady-state regulation of the hydraulic retention time of different operation phases. The result of this study shows that the performance of nitrogen removal was enhanced under real-time operation. Compared with fixed-time operation, the retention time of aerobic and anoxic phases can be reduced by approximately 45% and 15.5% in real-time operation respectively, also meaning that 45% aeration energy can be saved. The real-time operation also reveals a higher total nitrogen removal in a relative short retention time. Moreover, some dynamics and kinetics of nitrogen were investigated. These indicate the occurrence of nitrite-type nitrification under real-time operation. This nitrite-type nitrification results in the enhancement of denitrification performance with less carbon resource requirement and higher denitrification efficiency.

Taking local learning strategy as the local member classifier generating means, local performance estimation of classifier as in-depth analysis method of classifier, this paper, systematically investigates dynamic integration method based on local learning strategy and local performance estimation, on the basis of improving the integrated classifier accuracy with efficiency consideration in order to obtain superior performance of the dynamic integration classification algorithm.

In this work, Two-Axis Fast Steering Mirror (FSM) was designed to facilitate the fast and precise positioning for an optical bundle of a Three Dimensional (3D) scanner consists mainly of a Laser Range Finder (LRF) and a Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) camera. The FSM system architecture, mirror structure, compliant mechanisms’ design, and actuators’ selection were discussed in details. Meanwhile, the system analysis results were clearly depicted based on 3D solid modeling and Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. The FSM design was designed to achieve a clear elliptical optical aperture of 2 X 3 inch, bandwidth of 1 KHz, and an optical rotational angle of ±2mrad. Finally, a general discussion for the FSM system enhancement was introduced for further optimization processes. KeywordsFast Steering Mirror (FSM); Finite Element Method (FEM); Compliant Mechanisms

It is widely accepted that failures due to insulation defects are often preceded by some form of PD activities in HV equipments. This paper describes practical application of the UHF PD detection on a new oil-immersed power transformer. An internal UHF sensor was designed and installed to the transformer for insulation condition assessment. As the frequency band of this UHF sensor was 300~1500MHz, envelope detection technique was used to extract UHF signals excited from PD sources inside the transformer. The results of MATLAB simulation and experimental measurements have shown that UHF PD signals can be effectively extracted by this method. Using the monitoring system established in this paper, typical UHF PD patterns were recorded during PD acceptance test, which reveal that UHF PD measurements can detect small level of discharges with good sensitivity. Finally, online monitoring data including strong external disturbances such as lightning strikes, switching operation pulses was studied.

The use of partial discharge (PD) online monitoring as an indicator of hydro-generator stator insulation condition, is well known. In this paper, a set of partial discharge online monitoring system for hydro generator(HPDMS) with the characteristics of high reliability is developed£¬and the de-noise method of the system is introduced, In succession, the influence of PD sensors installation on hydro-generatori¯s single phase grounding fault is investigated. The system has successfully checked out a stator insulation failure, the partial discharge trends when the stator winding is in failure are shown and the reason of the failure is explained, the actual failure of the stator winding is consistent with the analysis result, which greatly increases the credibility of the PD online monitoring technology.

As we known, to evaluate and diagnosis the insulation faults of large-size power transformers, partial discharges (PDs) can be detected via ultra high frequency (UHF) technique. In this paper, an UHF PD online monitoring system was developed for large-size step-up transformers. The principle of UHF PD monitoring method was introduced., and the hardware structure and software key techniques in the system were described. In order to achieve the integrated PD monitoring and ensure the accuracy of PD analysis, the operating environments and operating conditions of the transformers have been acquired synchronously. Meanwhile, the correlative analysis of PDs with respect to operating conditions can be performed and the characteristics of PD activities with respect to relevant states can be studied. The association analysis of PDs is performed as follows: (a) periodical PDs caused by power frequency voltage under stable operating conditions, (b) stochastic PDs caused by transient over-voltages under unstable operating conditions. At present, the system has been applied into several large-size step-up transforms and achieved large mount of on-site monitoring results, and the reliability of PD analyzing results is verified by the analysis of the onsite data.

As we known, to evaluate and diagnosis the insulation faults of large-size power transformers, partial discharges (PDs) can be detected via ultra high frequency (UHF) technique. In this paper, an UHF PD online monitoring system was developed for large-size step-up transformers. The principle of UHF PD monitoring method was introduced., and the hardware structure and software key techniques in the system were described. In order to achieve the integrated PD monitoring and ensure the accuracy of PD analysis, the operating environments and operating conditions of the transformers have been acquired synchronously. Meanwhile, the correlative analysis of PDs with respect to operating conditions can be performed and the characteristics of PD activities with respect to relevant states can be studied. The association analysis of PDs is performed as follows: (a) periodical PDs caused by power frequency voltage under stable operating conditions, (b) stochastic PDs caused by transient over-voltages under unstable operating conditions. At present, the system has been applied into several large-size step-up transforms and achieved large mount of on-site monitoring results, and the reliability of PD analyzing results is verified by the analysis of the onsite data.

The use of partial discharge (PD) on-site monitoring as an indicator of HV equipments insulation condition is well known. However, the existence of external interferences has greatly reduced the credibility of PD on-site measurement technology of HV equipments. This paper describes practical application of the UHF PD detection method on a new oil-immersed power transformer and to suppress interference, an internal UHF sensor (antenna) was designed and successfully installed to power transformers for its insulation condition assessment which can effectively avoid the frequency band of the external interferences. As the frequency band of this UHF sensor was 300~1500MHz, envelope detection technique was used to extract UHF signals excited from PD sources inside the transformer. The results of MATLAB simulations have shown that UHF PD signals can be effectively extracted by this method. Using the monitoring system established in this paper, plenty of external interferences pulses and UHF PD pulses were recorded and investigated, PD pulses with small amplitude can be effectively detected, which reveal that UHF PD measurements can effectively measure small level of discharges with good sensitivity.

Partial discharge (PD) online monitoring is considered as one of the most effective means to prevent sudden accidents of hydro-generator. In this paper, a set of high reliable hydro-generator PD online monitoring system was developed, which made use of PDA technique to obtain PD signal and adopted PD integrated monitoring method to make sure the credibility of PD analysis results. Three aspects of investigation were carried out to ensure the high reliability of the system: (a) to effectively eliminate the on-site interferences and ensure the reliability of PD pulses acquisition, the PDA method is adopted and pulse time-delay technique is studied;(b) to overcome the isolation properties of the traditional PD online monitoring and ensure the high reliability of PD analysis results, on the base of the PD influence factors analysis, the PD integrated monitoring and association analysis model was set up, (c) to verify the reliability of the installation of PD sensors, the security performance of PD sensor body during hydro-generator in short circuit fault was studied. At present, the system has been applied to several hydro-generators in a huge-size hydropower plant.

In order to understand the effect of crystal rotation on thermocapillary flow, we conducted a series of unsteady three-dimensional numerical simulations of thermocapillary flow in a shallow molten silicon pool with Czochralski configuration. The crucible sidewall is maintained at constant temperature. Bottom and free surfaces are adiabatic. The temperature difference between the crucible and the crystal is 16 K and crystal rotation rate varies from −10 and 10 rpm. The simulation results indicate that the spoken pattern rotates slowly with the crystal rotation at low rotation rate. When rotation rate exceeds a critical value, the spoken pattern becomes the hydrothermal waves. This transition exists hysteresis.

On-line monitoring of ORP has been proved to be a practical and useful technique for process control of wastewater treatment systems. This paper presents the feasibility of using on-line ORP monitoring system on a laboratory scale single tank continuous-flow activated sludge batch reactor, which is capable of removing carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. Two control strategies, fixed-time and real-time, are applied for process control. Results obtained from fixed-time control study indicate that the variations and the ORP profile can accurately represent dynamic characteristics of system; the pH profile can also indicate some of those characteristics. Also, the breakpoints, setpoints and settime on the ORP and pH profiles are used to establish the real-time control strategy to determine the transfer of operation stages. The real-time experiments show a better performance than fixed-time, thus, on-line ORP and pH monitoring and control is practical for continuous-flow batch activated sludge process control.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) originate from the primary tumor mass and enter into the peripheral bloodstream. CTCs hold the key to understanding the biology of metastasis and also play a vital role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, disease monitoring, and personalized therapy. However, CTCs are rare in blood and hard to isolate. Additionally, the viability of CTCs can easily be compromised under high shear stress while releasing them from a surface. The heterogeneity of CTCs in biomarker expression makes their isolation quite challenging; the isolation efficiency and specificity of current approaches need to be improved. Nanostructured substrates have emerged as a promising biosensing platform since they provide better isolation sensitivity at the cost of specificity for CTC isolation. This review discusses major challenges faced by CTC isolation techniques and focuses on nanostructured substrates as a platform for CTC isolation. Refereed/Peer-reviewed