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Vibrations in aircraft hydraulic pipeline system, due to multi-source excitation of high fluid pressure fluctuation and serious vibration environment of airframe, can cause the pipeline system vibration failures through overload in engineering field. Controlling the vibrations in hydraulic pipeline is a challenging work to ensure the flight safety of aircraft. The common vibration control technologies have been demonstrated to be effective in typical structures such as aerospace structures, shipbuilding structures, marine offshore structures, motor structures, etc. However, there are few research literatures on vibration control strategies of aircraft hydraulic pipeline. Combining with the development trend of aircraft hydraulic pipeline system and the requirement of vibration control technologies, this paper provides a detailed review on the current vibration control technologies in hydraulic pipeline system. A review of the general approaches following the passive and active control technologies are presented, which are including optimal layout technique of pipeline and clamps, constrained layer damping technique, vibration absorber technique, hydraulic hose technique, optimal pump structure technique, and active vibration control technique of pipeline system. Finally, some suggestions for the application of vibration control technologies in engineering field are given.

The service performance and life of the aero-engine are directly affected by the blade machining accuracy. In the end milling of the flexible blade, the profile tolerance would usually be violated by the deflection errors induced by excessive static deformations under the action of milling force. In order to predict the blade deflection errors, this paper presents an iterative algorithm considering the coupling relationship between milling force and elastic deformation based on the milling finite element simulation model. Then a novel multipoint rod-shaped auxiliary support technology is proposed to suppress the blade deflection errors. Taking the influence of layout parameters on blade deflection errors into account, the layout of auxiliary support is optimized by a genetic algorithm. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an auxiliary support mechanism is designed and manufactured, and the deflection errors suppression experiment is implemented. The measured results show that the prediction error of blade maximum deflection is 17.6%. Furthermore, the blade average deflection error on two measured curves reduces from 45.88 μm to 24.39 μm with the support of the designed mechanism. Thus, this auxiliary support mechanism and layout optimization method can achieve higher accuracy in blade milling.

The manufacturing process plays an important role in the Product-Service Systems(PSS). As a significant part of manufacturing process, Manufacturing Execution System (MES) controls the whole manufacturing process. MES supporting access to service-oriented devices provides data basis for the information of manufacturing enterprises. Agent-based MES proposed in this paper supports the bidirectional transmission of device data, which solves the problem of complex integration of traditional devices and difficulty in manufacturing data interaction between various systems. The service of devices integration based agent technology provides functions such as device registration, device search, device control, and real-time data acquisition for MES, and uses message queues and industrial gateways to decouple device control and MES. As a bridge for data interaction between MES and devices, the service of devices integration is a possible basis for ensuring data interaction between devices and upper management systems. The framework was demonstrated through a real-time metrology workshop case in the coatings industry.

For SMEs, intelligent manufacturing execution is an important part of perfecting PSS. the business requirements of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises vary greatly, and system development and maintenance are facing enormous challenges. However, the existing manufacturing execution system can not quickly respond to the requirements of business reconfiguration. Aiming at the current requirements of manufacturing execution system of SME, and with the development of enterprise in cloud manufacturing, this paper proposes a manufacturing cloud platform application research for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises based on micro-service architecture. In this research we have introduced the design of platform’s micro-service architecture and the implementation of platform-based business system. It can solve the problems of business expansion and user requirement cannot be quickly respond caused by the huge application of traditional monolithic architecture. It provides an effective support for the development of business systems.

Objectives: Based on the electronic medical record data, this paper analyzes the law of TCM treatment of low back pain, and provides reference for TCM treatment of low back pain. Technology or Method: The whole process records of 360 patients with low back pain from January 1, 2015 to August 27, 2019 were obtained from the highly structured electronic medical record system of Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and 337 prescription records were selected from them. Data mining technology was used to explore and analyze the law of prescription medication using the Apriori algorithm. RESULTS: Among the 337 prescriptions, a total of 257 herbs were involved, and the top 5 herbs were licorice root, Ligusticum Chuanxiong, twotoothed achyranthes root, eucommia bark, and Poria Cocos. In the four nature of drugs, the main warm, calm; In the five flavors, to sweet, pungent, bitter; In terms of channel tropism, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach and heart are the main factors. Clinical or Biological Impact: In the treatment of lumbago, TCM focuses on dispelling wind and dampness, invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis, and always aims to “strengthen the kidney and strengthen the spleen”. The combination of drugs with strong correlation provides a reliable basis for the use of drugs for clinical syndrome differentiation. The conclusions obtained still need clinical testing, but it can provide some reference value for clinical practitioners to further explore.

When an electricity meter is calibrated under the condition of non-reference temperature, it is generally necessary to correct the verification result according to the actual temperature of the verification environment, and then judge whether the electricity meter is qualified. Under the mode of large-scale automatic verification, the space of workplace can reach thousands of square meters, and the temperature distribution is uneven. In order to reduce the cost of controlling verification environment temperature, the effort of trying to broaden the range of verification environment temperature has been always made by researchers. The problem is that it is difficult to make an effective judgment on the batch verification results based on the verification data. Under this circumstance, a data analysis method which helps to ensure weather the verification results are effective is needed. In this paper, the batch electricity meters verification experiment is designed and carried out firstly, then the distribution characteristics of verification data are studied, and the conclusion is obtained that the distribution type of verification data is normal distribution. On this basis, the method based on parameter test is used to analyze the data consistency, which shows that this data analysis method can make auxiliary evaluation on the validity of verification data produced in non-reference temperature environment. The data analysis method described in this paper can be applied to the operation state evaluation of large-scale automatic verification system and can also provide data analysis means for broadening the range of environment temperature for large-scale automatic verification.

With the rise of artificial intelligence, automatic driving, 5G, Internet of things and other emerging industries, the demand of 3D integrated packaging technology is increasing strongly to meet the ever-increasing market demands of high performance, small size, high reliability and ultra-low power consumption. This paper presents a new 3D system integrated packaging technology named embedded system in chip (eSinC®) technology. This technology is a combination of TSV technology and eSiFO technology which has been reported in 2016 [1]-[4]. After finishing the standard eSiFO process, backside RDLs and via last TSV process were fabricated by using laser temporary bonding technology. A totally three stacking package including five chips with two layer frontside and backside RDLs was fabricated successfully. Individual package was connected by micro bumps and TSVs. The packaging size is 5×5mm with an overall 0.78mm packaging thickness, while the individual eSinC packaging thickness is 0.28mm. Several key technologies were developed to achieve eSinC package, including high aspect ratio TSVs, wafer thin and handling, low temperature PECVD process, as well as temporary bonding. Good electrical yield was achieved after process optimization.

The semispatial static allowable stress field was constructed by three-dimensional stress columns, and the analytical lower-bound solution of bearing capacity of Mohr–Coulomb foundation beneath circular uniformly distributed load was put forward for the first time. The influence of the amount of stress columns and soil shear strength parameters on the lower-bound solution of the foundation-bearing capacity is analyzed. The research showed that (1) when the number of stress columns is more than 9 (n > 4) and the friction angle is less than 30°, the relative error between the lower-bound solution of the bearing capacity and exact solution is less than 6.6%, (2) the suggested analytical solution is applicable for common clayey materials; thus, the application scope of the analytical lower-bound solution is further expanded, and (3) the influence of cohesion on bearing capacity is linear. However, with the increase of the friction angle, the bearing capacity increases faster and faster under all cohesion levels. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified by literature comparison.

Space wireless networks composed of a large number of low-cost miniaturized nanosatellites enable many promising astronautical applications such as the distributed and cooperative sensing. Data collection via multihop relay is critical for nanosatellite networks. However, due to the small size of onboard solar panels and limited attitude control, energy harvesting (EH) capability of nanosatellites is quite low and unstable. In addition, the space networks have 3-D topologies due to various orbit altitudes. In this paper, we propose a novel 3-D EH-aware routing (3DEHR) scheme for nanosatellite networks. The main idea is to establish the 3-D artificial potential field (APF) based on the EH capabilities and geographic positions of neighboring nanosatellites. A nanosatellite node determines the next hop among its neighbors based on the composite force direction obtained from the APF for data forwarding. We also design the methods in 3DEHR to solve the routing void problem and to circumvent sensitive nodes such as malicious satellites. Simulation results show that 3DEHR outperforms the existing routing schemes in hop stretch and packet delivery rate. Since the routing paths are planned based on the EH capabilities of nanosatellites, the harvested energy in the network is fully utilized and the network lifetime is extended. 3DEHR is suitable for nanosatellite networks in space and other 3-D ad hoc networks with dynamic EH capabilities and topologies.

In this article the main attention is paid to research into the narrator’s time and the autobiographical hero’s time in the Modern Russian autobiographical prose. First of all it gives outlines of the leading position of the time in the binarization of “time / space” and explanations for relationships of the narrator’s time and the autobiographical hero’s time. The epic time is described as the basic time of the narrator, which manifests itself mainly in two points - change or cessation of chronological movements of the hero. The biographical time is regarded as the dominant time of the autobiographical hero, in which growth and evolution of the hero occur. The study on intersection of the biographical time with historical, everyday and mythological times occupies a great place in the article.

Exact enumeration of aphids before the aphids outbreak can provide basis for precision spray. This paper designs counting software that can be run on smartphones for real-time enumeration of aphids. As a first step of the method used in this paper, images of the yellow sticky board that is aiming to catch insects are segmented from complex background by using GrabCut method; then the images will be normalized by perspective transformation method. The second step is the pretreatment on the images; images of aphids will be segmented by using OSTU threshold method after the effect of random illumination is eliminated by single image difference method. The last step of the method is aphids’ recognition and counting according to area feature of aphids after extracting contours of aphids by contour detection method. At last, the result of the experiment proves that the effect of random illumination can be effectively eliminated by using single image difference method. The counting accuracy in greenhouse is above 95%, while it can reach 92.5% outside. Thus, it can be seen that the counting software designed in this paper can realize exact enumeration of aphids under complicated illumination which can be used widely. The design method proposed in this paper can provide basis for precision spray according to its effective detection insects.

Enhanced machine-type (eMTC) communications for cellular Internet of Things (IoT) are expected to make up the shortcomings of traditional LTE technologies. In this paper, LTE and eMTC are jointly used in the cell, and the frequency is efficiently used through soft frequency reuse (SFR). After that, a 0-1 knapsack problem with the purpose of maximize access ratio was constructed. We construct an improved genetic algorithm to solve the problem. The simulation results show that the joint LTE and eMTC methods increase the access ratio by 8%, and the improved genetic algorithm also has a mostly 5% improvement compared to the traditional dynamic programming method.

The demand for miniaturized package size, higher performance and integration density, lower power consumption, and lower manufacturing cost drives the development of various new packaging technologies, such as WLP, 2.5D interposer, 3D WLCSP etc. Recently, Fan-Out Wafer Level Package (FOWLP) has aroused more and more interest since it emerged as a successful technology in providing the solution to meet advanced system packaging and integration requirements. FOWLP has also become a key-enabling technology for multi-chip and 3D system integration. Embedded silicon fan-out (eSiFO®) technology developed by Huatian group was a low cost FOWLP technology, which eliminates molding, temporary bonding and de-bonding in the process flow. The eSiFO® technology for single chip with a high yield of 99.5% was reported. In this paper, the development of eSiFO® technology for multi-chip and 3D system integration was reported. One package in the size of 5.2×4.0 mm2 and containing 5 chips has been successfully produced. Small warpage of ~1mm for eSiFO® 300mm wafer was achieved even with 2 layer thick RDLs. Another 3D-Integration package based on the eSiFO® technology has also been successfully demonstrated, where two dies were stacked on the top of the eSiFO® wafer by die placement and mass reflow processes. For the 3D eSiFO® SiP package, the size and thickness was 4.1×4.1mm, and 0.375 mm respectively. One RDL was formed on both front and backside of the eSiFO®. The interconnection between the embedded chip and the stacked chips was made through micro bumps and through-silicon vias (TSVs) located in the fan-out area of the carrier wafer. The manufactured packages have shown good electrical yield and passed standard reliability tests.

Rationale Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic complication of diabetes characterized by continuity, repeatability, and nonhealing. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells hydrogel complex has been a new emerging technique in the treatment of DFU. The placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) hydrogel is multipotent, and can secrete growth factors, cytokines, and immunomodulatory substances which could accelerate wound healing. Patient concerns In this case report, we present a 57-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a 20-day DFU.A wound bed located at the dorsalis pedis of the right foot, and conventional therapies had no effect on the foot. Diagnoses The patient was confirmed a diagnosis of type 2 DM with diabetic foot (Wagner classification III). Interventions To assess the efficacy and safety of PDMSCs hydrogel in wound repair and to improve the rate of wound healing, we administered PDMSCs hydrogel (cell number: 1 × 10/cells/cm) topically into the wound with the patient's permission. Outcomes The patient's foot ulcer was almost healed, and foot function in walking was well preserved. No complications were observed. No recurrence occurred in the subsequent 6 months. Lessons To the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient globally to receive PDMSCs hydrogel to treat DFU. The present case study suggests that PDMSCs hydrogel may provide a new approach to DFU treatment. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx:chiCRT-ONC-16008732.

The paper presents a novel optimal plane arrangement of stabilizing piles in terms of the provided half simplified flattened ellipsoid model, which can be used to describe the three-dimensional characteristics of sliding mass for colluvial landslides. By studying the friction soil arching effect between the adjacent stabilizing piles, a reasonable pile spacing model for stabilizing piles was deduced in consideration of the driving force and shear strength of sliding mass as well as the dimension of pile cross-section. The results indicate that the net pile spacing is in direct proportion to the height of pile cross-section and shear strength parameters of sliding mass, but in inverse proportion to the driving force intensity. Consequently, the net pile spacing should steadily increase from the major slip profile to the profiles near the boundaries accordingly, which can be called the non-uniformly spaced arrangement principle of stabilizing piles for colluvial landslides. In view of the scale factor and groundwater in the different cross sections of landslide, the improved formula of stability coefficient based on the Fellennius method was proposed accordingly. Furthermore, the concept of stability limit was put forward to confine the rational arrangement region for stabilizing piles; consequently, the region beyond the rational arrangement region is not necessary to set piles any more. The case study of the Erliban landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of China shows that the quantitative optimal plane arrangement scheme based on the proposed reasonable pile spacing model and stability limit only requires 25 stabilizing piles rather than 31 stabilizing piles in the conventional uniformly spaced arrangement scheme, with an obtainable savings of 19.4% in the number of stabilizing piles.

This paper presents an optimization study on the layout and length of anchor cables for stabilizing rock wedges from the perspective of their three-dimensional geological characteristics. On the basis of the generalized geometry model for rock wedges, the expression of driving force of slope at the arbitrary longitudinal section can be deduced by employing the hyperbolic model between driving force and scale factor of rock wedges. Due to the remarkable parabolic characteristics of the driving force expression of rock wedges, a corresponding non-uniform layout principle of anchor cables was proposed, with closer layout in the central part and sparse layout near the side boundaries. The rational length of anchor cables was quantified on the basis of specification and the three-dimensional spatial characteristics of rock wedges. Furthermore, the upper limit spacing of anchor cables was determined by the spacing threshold caused by the parabolic distributed driving force. The spacing distribution of the optimized anchor cables was verified as a parabolic distribution according to a case study on the Shuige rock wedge in Lishui City, China. Compared with the conventional uniform spacing and length design scheme, the adjusted optimal non-uniform scheme can reduce the anchor cables by 16.9 % and 18.9 % in number and in total length, respectively.

For small satellite formation, it is essential to determine precisely the position and velocity of a deputy satellite relative to a chief satellite. However, the traditional relative navigation systems that consist of many sensors have usually large volume and high cost. Considering the miniaturization of small satellites and their highly integrated functional modules, cost-effective relative navigation method is required. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed, called Relative Navigation using the Multi-dimension Channel Impulse Response (RNMCIR). A formation of several deputy vehicles (DVs) and one chief vehicle (CV) is considered. In RNMCIR, the existing communication systems and antenna arrays on flying vehicles are utilized and different DVs broadcast orthogonal spectrum spread sequences which can be received by the CV, simultaneously. First, by utilizing the code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme, the signals from different DVs can be separated, and the Channel Impulse Response (CIRs) are obtained by sliding-correlation. Based on the CIRs, the distances and angle-of-arrival (AoAs) of the line-of-sight (LOS) signal propagation paths from the DVs to the CV can be calculated. Then the observation equation of the EKF can be derived. Based on which, the relative position and velocity between the CV and DVs can be estimated iteratively. RNMCIR is theoretically proved and also validated by the simulation results in this paper. The signal transceiver architecture for inter-vehicle communications and the RNMCIR method are also presented for implementation in a real vehicle.

The operation principle of anti-resonance vibration machine was analyzed. The dynamic model of anti-resonance vibration machine with nonlinear spring was established. A new method for solving nonlinear equation based on general finite element method was put forward, the solution was compared with numerical solution, the validity of the solving method was validated. Then the affection of nonlinear and dynamics parameters to the amplitude stabilization was analyzed. the conclusion can be drown as: when the anti-resonance frequency ratio is 1~2,increase the nonlinear of spring can improve the amplitude stabilization, when the anti-resonance ratio is bigger than 3,there is less affection to the amplitude stabilization by nonlinear of spring. The amplitude stabilization can be improved by increasing anti-resonance frequency ratio.

CHIP (c-terminal Hsp70-interacting protein) is an E3 ligase playing vital roles in various cancers. The VEGF pathway has become an important therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the role of CHIP and the relationship between CHIP and VEGF-VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) pathway in NSCLC. In this study we aimed to investigate the clinical function of CHIP in NSCLC and explore the relevant regulatory mechanism.QRT-PCR was performed to detect CHIP expression in NSCLC tissues. The association of CHIP expression and clinical parameters was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Kaplan- Meier and Cox analyses were performed to identify the role of CHIP in the prognosis of NSCLC patients. ELISA test was used to detect the VEGF secretion of NSCLC cells and western blot were used to detected the protein expression of VEGFR2 in NSCLC cells.and the results revealed that CHIP expression was decreased in NSCLC tissues and significantly correlated with clinical stages, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P0.05). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses showed that patients with negative expression of CHIP had a shorter survival time and CHIP could be an independent prognostic biomarker. In addition, ELISA tests showed that CHIP negatively regulated the secretion level of VEGF. Furthermore, western blot assay indicated that the VEGFR2 protein level was reduced after CHIP over-expression.Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that CHIP may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients and it may be involved in NSCLC angiogenesis through regulating VEGF secretion and expression of VEGFR2.

In recent years, vibration roller market has required increasingly not only on working capacity but also ride comfort. Thus, in order to reduce the effect of vibration to operators, identification and elimination of vibration sources are the most important tasks to achieve optimum design. In this paper, the attention is paid to cab’s low-frequency sloshing analysis and optimal design for cab’s isolation system of vibratory roller. When working, it often exists the problem of cab’s low-frequency sloshing in the direction of forward motion. In order to solve this problem, the dynamic test and simulations analysis are carried out; and the main reasons causing cab’s low-frequency sloshing are found out. The optimization model according to the two points response amplitude in the direction of forward motion on the cab to reach the minimum value in the low frequency range is proposed in this paper. And also, the auxiliary vibrations isolator for solving the low-frequency sloshing in the direction of forward motion is designed.

To predict the three-dimensional residual stress distribution of 7075 aluminum alloy thick plates, the quenching and pre-stretching process were simulated by using MARC finite element software. In order to simulate quickly according to different reality conditions, the parametric model was realized by using defining parameters and selecting objects by inputting coordinate value with the box mode. In the quenching process, a non-linear thermo-mechanical direct coupled analysis of the aluminum alloy thick plates was carried out, by taking into account of the temperature dependence of the thermo-physical properties. In the pre-stretching process, the clamp and release of the clamp of pre-stretch machine were simulated by using life and death element technology. The study demonstrates that the theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental values of residual stresses measured by the X-ray diffraction method. The simulation results provide the user a tool for analyzing and studying on quenching and pre-stretching technique using virtual reality method.

A design method is proposed for obtaining high gate control efficiency SIT with surface-gate structure for low power Applications. In this paper a high performance SIT with comparatively large voltage amplification factor was manufactured and tested. Based on simulation and calculation, voltage amplification factor depends on not only the aspect ratio of the channel but also the impurity distribution in gate region. As a result, proper structural parameters and material parameters were chosen. In addition, ion implantation is adopted replacing diffusion, which makes the impurities step distribution in gate region. Experimental results have well consistent with our expectation.

A short channel normally-off static induction transistor (SIT) for low power applications is designed. Research about this SIT's performance such as I-V characteristics, gate-source breakdown, gate-drain breakdown et al. is achieved by numerical simulation. Process parameters and structural parameters of SIT are optimized based on the simulation results. After tape-out we conduct the SIT's performance testing and analysis, and compare it with 2SK79 produced by Sony Corporation. The results show that the performance of the SIT designed has been developed into the international advanced level. Specific parameter values are as follows: BV GSO = 24 V, BV GDO = 123.5 V, I GSO = 40 µA, I GDO = 70 µA, µ = 65, g m = 50–325 mS. Development cycle is shortened and the costs are reduced greatly by means of simulation.

Choosing the reasonable depths of a buried pipeline is one of the crucial issues for long-distance gas transmission pipelines. This paper focuses on the mechanical analysis of a pipeline with a different buried depth under the driving force of a landslide. The relationship between the bending moment, shear force, displacement and buried depth of pipeline can be derived under certain assumed conditions. The result of the Zhong County-Wuhan City gas transmission pipeline project shows that the moment reaches a greater value at the junction and the midsection of the pipeline and the shear force reach maximum at the junction along with the increase of buried depth of the pipeline. On the basis of the stress characteristics of deep-buried pipeline in engineering practice, it can improve the safety of a gas transmission pipeline by enhancing the piping material performance at the junction and the middle part of the pipeline.

The evaluation standard of product design is different for people, region, environment, which affected by many factors, especially the coordination between aesthetics and Ergonomics. Only by coordinating their relationship rationally can highlight its advantage in market competition. This article mainly discusses how to coordinate the relationship between aesthetics and ergonomics in product design, particularly the coordination process in which the process and basic elements of product design based on the case of "Modeling Design in Self-express Service System Based on the University City". Finally we try to put forward an evaluation standard of product quality and a method of coordinating aesthetics and Ergonomics. Although this is just a tentative research, it will make a great role in promoting product design in the future. Introduction Nowadays, people‟s demands for product have been changed. Consumers‟ demands for product have changed from pursuit of humanization to satisfaction of usability and aesthetics. How to coordinate the relationship between aesthetics and ergonomics in product design? In terms of different types of products, the focal point of research is different. Household products pay attention to practical function and consumers always choose things which is safe, convenient and comfortable; In order to satisfy different customer‟s demands, car design not only focus on safety and comfort but also the sense of modeling beauty. Aesthetics and Ergonomics in product design Product design process The concept of “design” has appeared in ancient times. But “design” in this paper derived from English word, which means invention and creation. Product design covers the whole process of idea propose, generation, formation, product molding and finally putting into use (refer with: Fig. 1). The core of product design is functional structure. The coordination of form, material and color can increase the product popularity. Therefore, rationally coordinate their relationship can design a perfect product. International Conference on Economic Management and Trade Cooperation (EMTC 2014) © 2014. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 46 Figure 1 Product design process Demands of product design Consumers‟ understanding of product starts with vision, audition and any other sense. And then they know more about the function and connotation through the use. Therefore, users‟ demands for product not only include function but also other four aspects as following: functional requirements, usability requirements, ergonomics requirements, aesthetics requirements and symbolic requirements. Functional requirements Functionality is aim at the use of consumers. They purchase the product mainly for its functions. Functional requirements are the core demand of products [1]. Generally speaking, functional requirements go throughout the whole design process. Consumers understand the product features by using and finally decide whether to buy it. Usability requirements Usability is taken into consideration after functionality is satisfied. It requires product convenient and quick to use. Different line, shape, color, size etc respectively represent different implications and consumer can judge its semantics according to the comparison. Figure 2 Comparison of good and bad product semantics Pay attention to the comparison of good and poor product semantics as shown in Figure 2. The former handle use the curve to make users judge the handheld part; the latter switch may let the users confused that which orientation corresponds to on or off. Thus it can be seen that reasonable product form can satisfy consumer‟s demands for usability. Ergonomics requirements The main purpose of ergonomics is to ensure safety and comfort. In general, improve product operation efficiency [2]. User is the main point of product design. The mixture of ergonomics makes

Long-distance natural gas transmission pipelines are designed to cross the large-scale mountain area with the start of the West-East Gas Pipeline Project in China. A great portion of the pipelines are now threatened by severe landslide hazards. The pipeline could fail resulting in a great loss because of the landslide failure deformation. Therefore, the spatial arrangement plan of pipeline underground crossing landslide area is one of the key problems. The paper presents a new mechanical model of pipeline and landslide under trapezoidal landslide force to conduct the mechanical analysis on deformation of pipeline. A series of shear force, bending moment and defection of pipeline under landslide with different crossing angle can be deduced according the simplified model presented. Based on a case study of a typical landslide with pipeline underground crossing, the geological mechanical model of landslide and pipeline system can be established. The mechanical characteristics of pipeline can be conducted under the driving force of landslide by utilizing mechanics theory so as to determine the position of maximum stress point along the pipeline. Consequently, the optimal crossing depth and orientation of pipeline can be obtained. The result shows that the proper setting of crossing angle and buried depth can effectively improve the safety of pipelines. The corresponding control strategy suggestions for similar pipeline projects are proposed as well.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) mathematical model was established with suspended microorganisms, biomass on the electrode material, soluble chemical substrates and intermediary. By simulating the process of the substrate degradation, biomass growth and the electric current production process, With different initial biomass concentration, suspended microbial biomass and biomass attaching on electrode varing with time,current and charge varing with time,substrate concentration varing with time and mediator concenration varing with time were investigated. The results showed that initial suspended microbial is little, growth of biomass is main on electrode, biomass in solution grow slowly, producing electricity the main function biomass is on electrode, while initial suspended microbial concentration is high, growth of biomass is main in solution, biomass on electrode grow slowly, producing electricity the main function biomass is in solution; the more initial suspended microbial, the faster current reaching the maximum, the more charge, the faster substrate degradation, the faster mediator variation; initial add biomass benefit to MFC producing electricity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i2.1977

A polysilicon-based organic nonvolatile floating-gate memory device with a bottom-gate top-contact configuration is investigated, in which polysilicon is sandwiched between oxide layers as a floating gate. Simulations for the electrical characteristics of the polysilicon floating gate-based memory device are performed. The shifted transfer characteristics and corresponding charge trapping mechanisms during programing and erasing (P/E) operations at various P/E voltages are discussed. The simulated results show that present memory exhibits a large memory window of 57.5 V, and a high read current on/off ratio of approximate to 10(3). Compared with the reported experimental results, these simulated results indicate that the polysilicon floating gate based memory device demonstrates remarkable memory effects, which shows great promise in device designing and practical application.

A real-time polarization imaging system employing the Wollaston prism and a single charge-coupled device(CCD) chip covering a wavelength range of 400 nm-650 nm is proposed to avoid the false polarization information from dynamic scenes in non-real-time polarization detection imaging method. An architecture consisting of telescope lens, collimation lens, Wollaston prism, the imaging lens and a single CCD chip is employed in the system. The telescope lens is used to focus the incoming light on an intermediate image. And after collimation, the beam is angularly separated by the Wollaston prism. Two beams corresponding to ordinary light and extraordinary light are subsequently focused on the CCD plane via the imaging lens. The telescope lens is designed to have a telecentric structure in the imaging space, and the invert of which is used as the collimation lens, the completely symmetrical structure design is used to reduce the influence of aberrations. More abundant details from this system can be obtained by using matched image post-processing strategy, which is beneficial to high-quality target detection with enhanced working distance and improved environment adaptability. After joint-designing and optimization, the system modulation transfer function (MTF) value at cut-off frequency is higher than 0.55, and the root-mean-square (RMS) radius of the system is less than 5.3 m, which is smaller than the pixel size of the CCD detector. Additionally, the lateral chromatic aberration of the system is much smaller than the diameter of airy disk, and the absolute values of all kinds of aberrations are kept smaller than 0.02 at the same time. The calculation results show that all the aberrations are mostly corrected. The system imaging is numerically modeled and analyzed, and it is demonstrated that two intensity images with perpendicular polarization states appear adjacently on the CCD plane simultaneously in the imaging simulation. One image is formed with the fraction of the backscattered light polarized parallelly to the incident light, and the other with light polarized orthogonally to the incidence, indicating that the expected design is accomplished. Compared with the traditional amplitude-split polarization imaging system, the proposed real-time polarization imaging system shows that the improved performance for real-time detection with promoted power efficiency, spatial resolution, and the light crosstalk in focal plane is well handled. Moreover, the joint design of the whole system can compensate for the distortion aberration in the vertical direction of the CCD detector, which means that a further improvement of image quality can be expected. The proposed system has a promising perspective in the fields of underwater imaging detection, astronomical observation, remote sensing, biological tissues inspection, and environmental monitoring.

The impact energy of the traditional hydraulic impactor can be regulated manually between the second and the third grade, and its impact frequency can not be adjusted independently. Also, they have to stop working for adjustment. In order to alter this situation, a new hydraulic impactor DBS500, which controlled by micro-electronic system, has been designed and its functions are showed as following: The impact energy can reach 500 joules and its impact frequency also realizes regulation from 0 to 8Hz steplessly. It can estimate the work object's nature by piston's rebound behavior. It can self-regulate the impact energy and frequency according to the object's nature, so that can improve the working efficiency and adapt the power of the loader.

Treating process of ingot before blooming is an importent subprocedure for the production in a large iron and steel complex. This article has generally described the main design and the architecture configuration for realizing computer control for treating process before bloomjng in No. 1 Blooming Mill or Anshan Iron & Steel Complex(AISC).

In military simulation field, the nature environment is a base factor which affects the simulation result, especially in sea battlefield because the sea environment is more complex than the air. Sea environment is usually treated as a separated node or a part of specifically simulation entity in distributed simulation system. It is easy to realize but difficult to keep coherence between all simulation entities. This paper introduces the architecture of sea battlefield simulation platform, and it regards sea environment as an integrated and collaborative world which surround and impact simulation entities. Based on the principle, the platform architecture combines sea environment model and runtime infrastructure. Simulation Model do data interchanging with its own environment slice, and all the slices communication with each other by acoustic propagation model (such as ray tracing) and distributed simulation technologies (such as HLA). The platform therefore provides simulation developer interfaces described by environment parameters, not by network glossaries. It will benefit domain expert to develop simulation model and build simulation systems rapidly. This paper also gives a simulation system base on the platform for demonstration and verification.

Cultivating high quality talents major in simulation is important to developing simulation discipline. Combined with the Northwestern Polytechnical Universitypsilas education on master and doctor of simulation discipline recently, this paper presents the education goals, methods and products etc, Having analyzed it and giving some solutions on the problems such as studentpsilas subject changing, governmentpsilas investment, discipline system building. The paper has some worthiness to reference by other colleges on simulation subject education and talents cultivating.

In this article, we take partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model (EGSM) beam as a research object. Based on the unified theory of coherence and polarization and the generalized Stokes parameters of random electromagnetic beams, the expressions of degree of polarization (DoP) and orientation angle of EGSM beam that propagates in the slant atmospheric turbulence, are derived. And the expressions are used to investigate the difference in polarization property of EGSM beam between propagating along an uplink path and a downlink path in the atmospheric turbulence. The results show that under the same conditions, the DoP distribution of EGSM beam propagating along a downlink path is more concentrated than that along an uplink path. When EGSM beam propagates along a downlink path, the maximum DoP corresponding to the propagation distance is larger than along an uplink. Therefore, when EGSM beam propagates along a downlink path, the detector can receive beam information at the longer distances.

Adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is used to solve the problem of computer Chinese Chess . The system is divided into four parts: searching engine, move generator, evaluation function, opening book. Then AGA is brought into evaluation function and the parameters' combination of evaluation function is automatically adjusted and optimized by using tournament algorithm. An independent self-study system is designed based on the above methods. The experiment results show the AGA increases the power of our program.

The past communication behaviors that guide the system communication in the future to satisfy the requirements of users and adapt to the changes of environment are the core part of cognitive radio system. In this paper, a cognitive engine based on Bayesian network is proposed to solve the parameters self-adaptive-adjusting problem of cognitive radio system under the complicated and highly varying radio environment and user requirement. Through structure learning and parameter learning of the sample data from the past communication behaviors, cognitive engine is established. The states of radio environment and requirements of users are made as inference evidences by data preprocessing, and the cognitive engine is used to make decision of the configuration parameters of communication system, and then the reconfiguration system is completed. A mobile wireless network is modeled to finish reconfiguration simulation using OPNET tool in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed cognitive engine can make the wireless mobile network adapt to environment and effectively improve end-to-end communication performance. The feasibility of the method to model cognitive engine with Bayesian network is validated in this paper.

Through to survey the northeast region in China, summarized four kinds of typical rural courtyard layout forms. Using Fluent software to simulate the wind velocity of different layout forms, combined with the assessment criteria of wind velocity ratio, considering factors such as the wind shadow area and the numbers of eddy current, to analyze advantages and disadvantages of wind environment in existing courtyard.