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Method: This study was done between January 2018 and June 2019, patients with age >18 years with thoraco-lumbar spinal tuberculosis were studied. Relevant X-rays, Mri, Esr, Crp, Vas (Visual Analog Score) and ODI (Owestry Disability Index) was done. Changes in kyphotic angles pre and post op were calculated in lateral views of pain radiographs of dorsolumbar spine via Cobb’s method.

In biology, we are often confronted with information-rich, large-scale trajectory data, but exploring and communicating patterns in such data can be a cumbersome task. Ideally, the data should be wrapped with an interactive visualisation in one concise packet that makes it straightforward to create and test hypotheses collaboratively. To address these challenges, we have developed a tool, linus, which makes the process of exploring and sharing 3D trajectories as easy as browsing a website. We provide a python script that reads trajectory data, enriches them with additional features such as edge bundling or custom axes, and generates an interactive web-based visualisation that can be shared online. linus facilitates the collaborative discovery of patterns in complex trajectory data., Author summary Many of the processes that we study in biology are dynamic or interconnected. We can represent most of them as trajectories, being it connections between neurons in a brain or species in an ecosystem or motion traces of animals, cells or molecules. Modern experiments allow researchers to generate such trajectory data at unprecedented scales: think the parallel tracking of thousands of cells in a developing embryo over hours or days. However, visualising large-scale trajectory data is a challenge: the typical static visualisations result in excessive overplotting and often resemble the infamous hairballs. Simplification and interactivity are crucial strategies to deal with this problem. We present the lightweight tool linus that enables researchers to explore and share their trajectory data in an engaging way in web browsers from almost any device.

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the application of organoids to developmental biology, biomedical and translational studies. Organoids are large structures with high phenotypic complexity and are imaged on a wide range of platforms, from simple benchtop stereoscopes to high-content confocal-based imaging systems. The large volumes of images, resulting from hundreds of organoids cultured at once, are becoming increasingly difficult to inspect and interpret. Hence, there is a pressing demand for a coding-free, intuitive and scalable solution that analyses such image data in an automated yet rapid manner. Here, we present MOrgAna, a Python-based software that implements machine learning to segment images, quantify and visualize morphological and fluorescence information of organoids across hundreds of images, each with one object, within minutes. Although the MOrgAna interface is developed for users with little to no programming experience, its modular structure makes it a customizable package for advanced users. We showcase the versatility of MOrgAna on several in vitro systems, each imaged with a different microscope, thus demonstrating the wide applicability of the software to diverse organoid types and biomedical studies., Summary: MOrgAna, an open access software with a user-friendly interface, implements deep learning networks to segment, quantify and visualize morphological and fluorescence information of hundreds of organoid images within minutes.

Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire coined the term “hemimelia” in the early 19th century, while in 1951, O'Rahilly suggested the term “paraxial hemimelia” for the longitudinal variety, because either the preaxial or postaxial side of the limb is involved.The deficiency can be transverse, longitudinal and sometimes combination of both. This case report highlights the finding of a case of ulnar intercalary hemimelia with multiple bilateral exostoses of the knee and the rehabilitation potential for the same.

Background and objectives: In the occurrence and development of primary knee osteoarthritis, the potential role of genetic factor has become an attraction for researches. Matrilin-3 (MATN-3), the newest identified gene in the pathomechanism of primary knee osteoarthritis, is a non-collagenous oligomeric extracellular matrix protein (ECM) and the smallest member of the matrilin family. This present study highlights the possible association of MATN-3 rs8176070 (SNP6) polymorphism with primary knee OA in the Indian population. Material and Methods: In total, 50 patients with primary knee OA, aged between 40-75 years, enrolled in the case-control study conducted in North India. The other 50 demographically matched healthy individuals were considered as control groups. Determination of genotypes of MATN-3 SNP6 in cases as well as in controls was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Demographic details, medical history and other relevant information were obtained. The diagnosis was made by clinical examination and radiological grading using the Kellgren-Lawrence grade scale (KL). Results: With regard to genotypes of MATN-3 gene SNP6 (rs8176070), 22 (78.57) patient with the B\b genotype had severe KL grades, yet no significant association compared with those B\B and b\b genotypes (p=0.485). Additionally, patients with b allele frequency had a severe KL grade, although no significant (p=0.180) association was found. Conclusion: The verdicts obtained from the present study proposed that MATN-3 gene polymorphism was not associated with primary knee osteoarthritis in the Indian population.

Βackground Both limb length inequality and scoliosis are associated with pelvic obliquity. Methods This is an observational study of adolescents with growth potential presenting for evaluation of thoracic or thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis at an outpatient pediatric orthopedic clinic. Patients were evaluated for limb length discrepancy (LLD) (using bilateral femoral head height difference), pelvic obliquity (using bilateral iliac crest height difference and sacral takeoff angle), and scoliotic curve (using Cobb angle and rotation) on full spine standing radiographs. The same radiographic parameters were measured at a follow-up visit at least 2 years later. Results Seventy-three consecutive patients with a mean (SD) age of 13.3 (0.2) years at initial examination were included in the study. Scoliosis (major curve Cobb angle ≥ 10°) was confirmed in all 73 patients, pelvic obliquity (iliac crest height difference > 1 cm or sacral takeoff angle > 5°) appeared in 23 (31.5%) patients with scoliosis, and LLD (> 1 cm femoral head height difference) was identified in 6 (8.2%) patients with scoliosis and pelvic obliquity. At a subsequent visit, a mean of 2.8 (range 2–5.8) years later, no significant change (p > 0.05) in limb length inequality was observed but a statistically significant increase (p

Background: The number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries reported in skeletally immature athletes has increased over the past 2 decades. The reasons for this increased rate include the growing number of children and adolescents participating in competitive sports vigorous sports training at an earlier age and greater rate of diagnosis because of increased awareness and greater use of advanced medical imaging. There is a growing need for a consensus and evidence based approach for management of these injuries to frame a dedicated age specific treatment strategy. Methods: This article does a systematic evidence based literature review of management of Pediatric ACL injuries seen in several forms: tibial eminence avulsion fractures partial ACL tears and full thickness ligament tears and its outcome analysis. Results: The mechanism of Safe and effective surgical techniques for children and adolescents with ACL injuries continues to evolve. The numerous age matched techniques are extensively discussed. Neuromuscular training can reduce the risk of ACL injury in adolescent girls. Conclusion: This review outlines the current state of knowledge on diagnosis treatment and prevention of ACL injuries in children and adolescents and helps in guiding the treatment through a dedicated algorithm.

Time-lapse imaging of multiple labels is challenging for biological imaging as noise, photobleaching and phototoxicity compromise signal quality, while throughput can be limited by processing time. Here, we report software called Hyper-Spectral Phasors (HySP) for denoising and unmixing multiple spectrally overlapping fluorophores in a low signal-to-noise regime with fast analysis. We show that HySP enables unmixing of seven signals in time-lapse imaging of living zebrafish embryos.

Background: There are various scientific studies in literature which have pointed high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in elderly Indian population but there is no study which has shown that adequate Vitamin D supplementation can improve the bone and muscle health or increase the bone mineral density (BMD) in this age group. Aims and Objectives: (1) The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the role of Vitamin D supplementation in the improvement of BMD in elderly Indian population. (2) The secondary objective is to observe the change in serum Vitamin D levels by oral supplementation of Vitamin D in this age group. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized controlled study of total 80 elderly subjects. All subjects had Vitamin D levels

Among the inherited bone marrow failure disorders, dyskeratosis congenita is an X-linked inherited disorder arising as a consequence of short telomere and mutations in telomere biology. Production of the altered protein dyskerin, leads to vulnerable skin, nails, and teeth which lead to higher permeability for noxious agents which can induce carcinogenesis accounting for the classical triad of skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and oral leukoplakia. This condition is fatal and patients succumb to aplastic anemia, malignancy or immunocompromised state. We present a young male with the classic clinical triad and avascular necrosis of both femoral heads, with no evidence of hematologic anomaly or any malignancy. He was managed for osteonecrosis with uncemented total hip arthroplasty for the symptomatic left hip. Our case represents a benign form of such a fatal and rare condition, which if detected and managed early can result in improved quality of life for the patient suffering from this disorder. This patient is under our meticulous follow-up for the last 2 years in order to determine any late development of complications before being labelled as a variant of this syndrome.

SummaryMucormycosis is a fungal infection commonly affecting structures in the head and neck, such as the air sinuses, orbits, and the brain. Common predisposing factors include diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression. We describe our clinical experience with four cases of mucormycosis of the maxillary antrum associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus managed at our centre. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of this lethal fungal infection.

Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLLs), described in 1853 by Maurice Morel-Lavallee, are uncommon closed internal degloving injuries in which the subcutaneous tissues are stripped off the fascia with a hematoma and, in some cases, necrotic fat1-4. These lesions are most commonly noted with high-energy pelvic trauma1,3 and can require weeks to resolve. Accurate diagnosis is delayed in up to one-third of patients because of inconsistent clinical presentation and because initial skin bruising can mask the importance of the underlying soft-tissue injury5. These lesions occur less frequently in the knee region; knee MLLs have been reported in professional football players6. A few reports1,6,7 in the literature indicate that MLLs most commonly occur in people in their third and fourth decades of life. In 1986, Letts8 documented cases of degloving injuries in children following major trauma; we report the rare case of a boy who presented with an MLL two weeks after a football injury. The patient and parents were informed that nonidentifying information from the case would be submitted for publication, and they provided consent. While playing outdoor pick-up football, an eleven-year-old boy sustained a left knee injury after being tackled and falling onto the asphalt, landing directly on the anterior aspect of the knee. He was not wearing any protective padding at the time of injury. He developed left thigh and knee pain as well as a large bruise about the thigh and was taken to the local emergency department. He was healthy with no medical problems. On presentation, he had fully intact neurologic and vascular function in the lower extremities and had 5 of 5 hip and knee flexor and extensor strength despite some pain. He had moderate pain with knee motion, with an …

Hyperspectral imaging provides the potential for assessing biochemical interactions in the zebrafish embryo in a label-free manner that extends beyond conventional morphological and molecular phenotyping. It takes advantage of the intrinsic wavelengths emitted or reflected from a sample without the need for extrinsic staining methods. The specific spectral signature from a sample can arise from chemical interactions, molecular bonds and macro-structural arrangements. A challenge in hyperspectral imaging is the large spectral data sets that result from acquiring a spectrum for every pixel within an image. Spectral Phasor offers an efficient representation of the spectral data as vectors in Fourier space, thereby condensing each spectrum into a single point in a 2-D plot. The Spectral Phasor has been successfully applied to hyperspectral data on protein samples, demonstrating changes in fluorescence signatures. This study proposes an application of Spectral Phasor to the zebrafish muscle development. The skeletal muscle system provides an attractive model for the proof-of-principle experiments in the implementation of Spectral Phasor. Skeletal muscle is a highly organized tissue with myofibrils as the functional unit that contributes to the repetitive segment of the myotome. The modularity of these units provides unique landmarks for anchoring the SP data. Our analysis of muscle suggest that SP can be used for staging the skeletal muscle development.