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1. A Retrospective Study of Symptom Profile of Psychiatric Complications in Alcohol Dependence Patients Admitted in Psychiatric Ward in Chennai

Author

Lavanya L, Vijayanand D, and Dhanya Dedeepya S

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Alcohol dependence, medicine, Retrospective cohort study, Psychiatry, business, Psychiatric ward
Abstract

BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is a psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent on alcohol. It includes the presence of alcohol tolerance, physical dependence, and an inability to control alcohol intake. Alcohol dependence is a severe mental health problem associated with health issues, social and financial burden not only for the patient but also for the family members. The purpose of this study was to analyse the psychiatric complications in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) admitted in psychiatry ward. METHODS A retrospective review of records of patients admitted in male psychiatry ward at a tertiary care center was done. The data was collected among 200 male patients admitted in the psychiatry ward from January 2019 to December 2019. Patient's' demographic details like their age, gender, socioeconomic status, locality, religion, marital status, and psychiatry comorbidity were noted. RESULTS Secondary data was collected from 200 patients admitted in the psychiatry ward. Percentage analysis was done. The patient's demographic details like their age, gender, socioeconomic status, locality, religion, marital status and their psychiatry complications were considered. Complications like sleep disturbances, tremors and seizures were mainly observed in this study. Major findings of the study were anxiety, depression, psychosis, cognitive impairment, cravings and relapses which were common symptoms among alcohol dependence patients admitted in psychiatric ward. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol dependence can lead to severe psychiatric disorders. Heavy consumption of alcohol can affect brain function and alter various chemical and hormonal systems in brain known to be involved in the development of many common mental disorders. The intoxicating effects which result due to intake of alcohol can result in temporary impairment of judgment and motor skills.1 Alcohol addiction can lead to development of tolerance and dependence, as well as abnormal social and occupational functioning.2 People who are married in the age group between (30 to 49) years from rural areas with low socioeconomic status are mostly found to be dependent on alcohol. KEYWORDS Alcoholism, Addiction, Behaviour, Drinking

Published
2021
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2. Predicting the difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: development and validation of a pre-operative risk score using an objective operative difficulty grading system

Author

Nassar, A. H. M., Hodson, J., H. J., Ng, Vohra, R. S., Katbeh, T., Zino, S., Griffiths, E. A., Kirkham, A. J., Pasquali, S., Marriott, P., Johnstone, M., Spreadborough, P., Alderson, D., Fenwick, S., Elmasry, M., Nunes, Q. M., Kennedy, D., Khan, R. B., Khan, M. A. S., Magee, C. J., Jones, S. M., Mason, D., Parappally, C. P., Mathur, P., Saunders, M., Jamel, S., Haque, S. U., Zafar, S., Shiwani, M. H., Samuel, N., Dar, F., Jackson, A., Lovett, B., Dindyal, S., Winter, H., Fletcher, T., Rahman, S., Wheatley, K., Nieto, T., Ayaani, S., Youssef, H., Nijjar, R. S., Watkin, H., Naumann, D., Emesih, S., Sarmah, P. B., Lee, K., Joji, N., Lambert, J., Heath, J., Teasdale, R. L., Weerasinghe, C., Needham, P. J., Welbourn, H., Forster, L., Finch, D., Blazeby, J. M., Robb, W., Mcnair, A. G. K., Hrycaiczuk, A., Charalabopoulos, A., Kadirkamanathan, S., Tang, C. -B., Jayanthi, N. V. G., Noor, N., Dobbins, B., Cockbain, A. J., Nilsen-Nunn, A., de Siqueira, J., Pellen, M., Cowley, J. B., W. -M., Ho, Miu, V., White, T. J., Hodgkins, K. A., Kinghorn, A., Tutton, M. G., Al-Abed, Y. A., Menzies, D., Ahmad, A., Reed, J., Khan, S., Monk, D., Vitone, L. J., Murtaza, G., Joel, A., Brennan, S., Shier, D., Zhang, C., Yoganathan, T., Robinson, S. J., Mccallum, I. J. D., Jones, M. J., Elsayed, M., Tuck, L., Wayman, J., Carney, K., Aroori, S., Hosie, K. B., Kimble, A., Bunting, D. M., Fawole, A. S., Basheer, M., Dave, R. V., Sarveswaran, J., Jones, E., Kendal, C., Tilston, M. P., Gough, M., Wallace, T., Singh, S., Mockford, J. D. K. A., Issa, E., Shah, N., Chauhan, N., Wilson, T. R., Forouzanfar, A., Wild, J. R. L., Nofal, E., Bunnell, C., Madbak, K., Rao, S. T. V., Devoto, L., Siddiqi, N., Khawaja, Z., Hewes, J. C., Gould, L., Chambers, A., Rodriguez, D. U., Sen, G., Robinson, S., Bartlett, F., Rae, D. M., Stevenson, T. E. J., Sarvananthan, K., Dwerryhouse, S. J., Higgs, S. M., Old, O. J., Hardy, T. J., Shah, R., Hornby, S. T., Keogh, K., Frank, L., Al-Akash, M., Upchurch, E. A., Frame, R. J., Hughes, M., Jelley, C., Weaver, S., Roy, S., Sillo, T. O., Galanopoulos, G., Cuming, T., Cunha, P., Tayeh, S., Kaptanis, S., Heshaishi, M., Eisawi, A., Abayomi, M., Ngu, W. S., Fleming, K., Bajwa, D. S., Chitre, V., Aryal, K., Ferris, P., Silva, M., Lammy, S., Mohamed, S., Khawaja, A., Hussain, A., Ghazanfar, M. A., Bellini, M. I., Ebdewi, H., Elshaer, M., Gravante, G., Drake, B., Ogedegbe, A., Mukherjee, D., Arhi, C., Giwa, L., Iqbal, N., Watson, N. F., Aggarwal, S. K., Orchard, P., Villatoro, E., Willson, P. D., Mok, K. W. J., Woodman, T., Deguara, J., Garcea, G., Babu, B. I., Dennison, A. R., Malde, D., Lloyd, D., Satheesan, S., Al-Taan, O., Boddy, A., Slavin, J. P., Jones, R. P., Ballance, L., Gerakopoulos, S., Jambulingam, P., Mansour, S., Sakai, N., Acharya, V., Sadat, M. M., Karim, L., Larkin, D., Amin, K., Khan, A., Law, J., Jamdar, S., Smith, S. R., Sampat, K., O'Shea, K. M., Manu, M., Asprou, F. M., Malik, N. S., Chang, J., Lewis, M., Roberts, G. P., Karavadra, B., Photi, E., Hewes, J., Rodriguez, D., O'Reilly, D. A., Rate, A. J., Sekhar, H., Henderson, L. T., Starmer, B. Z., Coe, P. O., Tolofari, S., Barrie, J., Bashir, G., Sloane, J., Madanipour, S., Halkias, C., Trevatt, A. E. J., Borowski, D. W., Hornsby, J., Courtney, M. J., Virupaksha, S., Seymour, K., Hawkins, H., Bawa, S., Gallagher, P. V., Reid, A., Wood, P., Finch, J. G., Guy Finch, J., Parmar, J., Stirland, E., Gardner-Thorpe, J., Al-Muhktar, A., Peterson, M., Majeed, A., Bajwa, F. M., Martin, J., Choy, A., Tsang, A., Pore, N., Andrew, D. R., Al-Khyatt, W., Taylor, C., Bhandari, S., Subramanium, D., Toh, S. K. C., Carter, N. C., Tate, S., Pearce, B., Wainwright, D., Mercer, S. J., Knight, B., Vijay, V., Alagaratnam, S., Sinha, S., El-Hasani, S. S., Hussain, A. A., Bhattacharya, V., Kansal, N., Fasih, T., Jackson, C., Siddiqui, M. N., Chishti, I. A., Fordham, I. J., Siddiqui, Z., Bausbacher, H., Geogloma, I., Gurung, K., Tsavellas, G., Basynat, P., Shrestha, A. K., Basu, S., Chhabra, A., Harilingam, M., Rabie, M., Akhtar, M., Kumar, P., Jafferbhoy, S. F., Hussain, N., Raza, S., Haque, M., Alam, I., Aseem, R., Patel, S., Asad, M., Booth, M. I., Ball, W. R., Wood, C. P. J., Pinho-Gomes, A. C., Kausar, A., Obeidallah, M. R., Varghase, J., Lodhia, J., Bradley, D., Rengifo, C., Lindsay, D., Gopalswamy, S., Finlay, I., Wardle, S., Bullen, N., Iftikhar, S. Y., Awan, A., Ahmed, J., Leeder, P., Fusai, G., Bond-Smith, G., Psica, A., Puri, Y., Hou, D., Noble, F., Szentpali, K., Broadhurst, J., Date, R., Hossack, M. R., Goh, Y. L., Turner, P., Shetty, V., Riera, M., Macano, C. A. W., Sukha, A., Preston, S. R., Hoban, J. R., Puntis, D. J., Williams, S. V., Krysztopik, R., Kynaston, J., Batt, J., Doe, M., Goscimski, A., Jones, G. H., Hall, C., Carty, N., Panteleimonitis, S., Gunasekera, R. T., Sheel, A. R. G., Lennon, H., Hindley, C., Reddy, M., Kenny, R., Elkheir, N., Mcglone, E. R., Rajaganeshan, R., Hancorn, K., Hargreaves, A., Prasad, R., Longbotham, D. A., Vijayanand, D., Wijetunga, I., Ziprin, P., Nicolay, C. R., Yeldham, G., Read, E., Gossage, J. A., Rolph, R. C., Ebied, H., Phull, M., Khan, M. A., Popplewell, M., Kyriakidis, D., Henley, N., Packer, J. R., Derbyshire, L., Porter, J., Appleton, S., Farouk, M., Basra, M., Jennings, N. A., Ali, S., Kanakala, V., Ali, H., Lane, R., Dickson-Lowe, R., Zarsadias, P., Mirza, D., Puig, S., Al Amari, K., Vijayan, D., Sutcliffe, R., Marudanayagam, R., Hamady, Z., Prasad, A. R., Patel, A., Durkin, D., Kaur, P., Bowen, L., Byrne, J. P., Pearson, K. L., Delisle, T. G., Davies, J., Tomlinson, M. A., Johnpulle, M. A., Slawinski, C., Macdonald, A., Nicholson, J., Newton, K., Mbuvi, J., Farooq, A., Mothe, B. S., Zafrani, Z., Brett, D., Francombe, J., Barnes, J., Cheung, M., Al-Bahrani, A. Z., Preziosi, G., Urbonas, T., Alberts, J., Mallik, M., Patel, K., Segaran, A., Doulias, T., Sufi, P. A., Yao, C., Pollock, S., Manzelli, A., Wajed, S., Kourkulos, M., Pezzuto, R., Wadley, M., Hamilton, E., Jaunoo, S., Padwick, R., Sayegh, M., Newton, R. C., Hebbar, M., Farag, S. F., Spearman, J., Hamdan, M. F., D'Costa, C., Blane, C., Giles, M., Peter, M. B., Hirst, N. A., Hossain, T., Pannu, A., El-Dhuwaib, Y., Morrison, T. E. M., Taylor, G. W., Thompson, R. L. E., Mccune, K., Loughlin, P., Lawther, R., Byrnes, C. K., Simpson, D. J., Mawhinney, A., Warren, C., Mckay, D., Mcilmunn, C., Martin, S., Macartney, M., Diamond, T., Davey, P., Jones, C., Clements, J. M., Digney, R., Chan, W. M., Mccain, S., Gull, S., Janeczko, A., Dorrian, E., Harris, A., Dawson, S., Johnston, D., Mcaree, B., Ghareeb, E., Thomas, G., Connelly, M., Mckenzie, S., Cieplucha, K., Spence, G., Campbell, W., Hooks, G., Bradley, N., Hill, A. D. K., Cassidy, J. T., Boland, M., Burke, P., Nally, D. M., Khogali, E., Shabo, W., Iskandar, E., Mcentee, G. P., O'Neill, M. A., Peirce, C., Lyons, E. M., O'Sullivan, A. W., Thakkar, R., Carroll, P., Ivanovski, I., Balfe, P., Lee, M., Winter, D. C., Kelly, M. E., Hoti, E., Maguire, D., Karunakaran, P., Geoghegan, J. G., Mcdermott, F., Martin, S. T., Cross, K. S., Cooke, F., Zeeshan, S., Murphy, J. O., Mealy, K., Mohan, H. M., Nedujchelyn, Y., Ullah, M. F., Ahmed, I., Giovinazzo, F., Milburn, J., Prince, S., Brooke, E., Buchan, J., Khalil, A. M., Vaughan, E. M., Ramage, M. I., Aldridge, R. C., Gibson, S., Nicholson, G. A., Vass, D. G., Grant, A. J., Holroyd, D. J., Jones, M. A., Sutton, C. M. L. R., O'Dwyer, P., Nilsson, F., Weber, B., Williamson, T. K., Lalla, K., Bryant, A., Carter, C. R., Forrest, C. R., Hunter, D. I., Nassar, A. H., Orizu, M. N., Knight, K., Qandeel, H., Suttie, S., Belding, R., Mcclarey, A., Boyd, A. T., Guthrie, G. J. K., Lim, P. J., Luhmann, A., Watson, A. J. M., Richards, C. H., Nicol, L., Madurska, M., Harrison, E., Boyce, K. M., Roebuck, A., Ferguson, G., Pati, P., Wilson, M. S. J., Dalgaty, F., Fothergill, L., Driscoll, P. J., Mozolowski, K. L., Banwell, V., Bennett, S. P., Rogers, P. N., Skelly, B. L., Rutherford, C. L., Mirza, A. K., Lazim, T., Lim, H. C. C., Duke, D., Ahmed, T., Beasley, W. D., Wilkinson, M. D., Maharaj, G., Malcolm, C., Brown, T. H., Al-Sarireh, B., Shingler, G. M., Mowbray, N., Radwan, R., Morcous, P., Wood, S., Kadhim, A., Stewart, D. J., Baker, A. L., Tanner, N., Shenoy, H., Hafiz, S., De Marchi, J. A., Singh-Ranger, D., Hisham, E., Ainley, P., O'Neill, S., Terrace, J., Napetti, S., Hopwood, B., Rhys, T., Downing, J., Kanavati, O., Coats, M., Aleksandrov, D., Kallaway, C., Yahya, S., Templeton, A., Trotter, M., Lo, C., Dhillon, A., Heywood, N., Aawsaj, Y., Hamdan, A., Reece-Bolton, O., Mcguigan, A., Shahin, Y., Aymon, Luther, A. A., Nicholson, J. A., Rajendran, I., Boal, M., and Ritchie, J.

Subjects
Adult, Male, operative difficulty, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Difficulty grading, difficult cholecystectomy, predictive score, surgery, laparoscopic, cholecystectomy, Surgical planning, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Preoperative Care, Humans, Medicine, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, General surgery, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Pre operative, Single surgeon, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, ROC Curve, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Multivariate Analysis, Cholecystitis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Cholecystectomy, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

The prediction of a difficult cholecystectomy has traditionally been based on certain pre-operative clinical and imaging factors. Most of the previous literature reported small patient cohorts and have not used an objective measure of operative difficulty. The aim of this study was to develop a pre-operative score to predict difficult cholecystectomy, as defined by a validated intra-operative difficulty grading scale. Two cohorts from prospectively maintained databases of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analysed: the CholeS Study (8755 patients) and a single surgeon series (4089 patients). Factors potentially predictive of difficulty were correlated to the Nassar intra-operative difficulty scale. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was then used to identify factors that were independently associated with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy, defined as operative difficulty grades 3 to 5. The resulting model was then converted to a risk score, and validated on both internal and external datasets. Increasing age and ASA classification, male gender, diagnosis of CBD stone or cholecystitis, thick-walled gallbladders, CBD dilation, use of pre-operative ERCP and non-elective operations were found to be significant independent predictors of difficult cases. A risk score based on these factors returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.789 (95% CI 0.773–0.806, p

Published
2019
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3. Correction to: Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Author

Griffiths, E. A., Hodson, J., Vohra, R. S., Marriott, P., Katbeh, T., Zino, S., Nassar, A. H. M., Kirkham, A. J., Pasquali, S., Johnstone, M., Spreadborough, P., Alderson, D., Fenwick, S., Elmasry, M., Nunes, Q. M., Kennedy, D., Khan, R. B., Khan, M. A. S., Magee, C. J., Jones, S. M., Mason, D., Parappally, C. P., Mathur, P., Saunders, M., Jamel, S., Haque, S. U., Zafar, S., Shiwani, M. H., Samuel, N., Dar, F., Jackson, A., Lovett, B., Dindyal, S., Winter, H., Fletcher, T., Rahman, S., Wheatley, K., Nieto, T., Ayaani, S., Youssef, H., Nijjar, R. S., Watkin, H., Naumann, D., Emesih, S., Sarmah, P. B., Lee, K., Joji, N., Lambert, J., Heath, J., Teasdale, R. L., Weerasinghe, C., Needham, P. J., Welbourn, H., Forster, L., Finch, D., Blazeby, J. M., Robb, W., Mcnair, A. G. K., Hrycaiczuk, A., Charalabopoulos, A., Kadirkamanathan, S., Tang, C. -B., Jayanthi, N. V. G., Noor, N., Dobbins, B., Cockbain, A. J., Nilsen-Nunn, A., de Siqueira, J., Pellen, M., Cowley, J. B., W. -M., Ho, Miu, V., White, T. J., Hodgkins, K. A., Kinghorn, A., Tutton, M. G., Al-Abed, Y. A., Menzies, D., Ahmad, A., Reed, J., Khan, S., Monk, D., Vitone, L. J., Murtaza, G., Joel, A., Brennan, S., Shier, D., Zhang, C., Yoganathan, T., Robinson, S. J., Mccallum, I. J. D., Jones, M. J., Elsayed, M., Tuck, L., Wayman, J., Carney, K., Aroori, S., Hosie, K. B., Kimble, A., Bunting, D. M., Fawole, A. S., Basheer, M., Dave, R. V., Sarveswaran, J., Jones, E., Kendal, C., Tilston, M. P., Gough, M., Wallace, T., Singh, S., Mockford, J. D. K. A., Issa, E., Shah, N., Chauhan, N., Wilson, T. R., Forouzanfar, A., Wild, J. R. L., Nofal, E., Bunnell, C., Madbak, K., Rao, S. T. V., Devoto, L., Siddiqi, N., Khawaja, Z., Hewes, J. C., Gould, L., Chambers, A., Rodriguez, D. U., Sen, G., Robinson, S., Bartlett, F., Rae, D. M., Stevenson, T. E. J., Sarvananthan, K., Dwerryhouse, S. J., Higgs, S. M., Old, O. J., Hardy, T. J., Hornby, R. S. S. T., Keogh, K., Frank, L., Al-Akash, M., Upchurch, E. A., Frame, R. J., Hughes, M., Jelley, C., Weaver, S., Roy, S., Sillo, T. O., Galanopoulos, G., Cuming, T., Cunha, P., Tayeh, S., Kaptanis, S., Heshaishi, M., Eisawi, A., Abayomi, M., Ngu, W. S., Fleming, K., Bajwa, D. S., Chitre, V., Aryal, K., Ferris, P., Silva, M., Mohamed, S. L. S., Khawaja, A., Hussain, A., Ghazanfar, M. A., Bellini, M. I., Ebdewi, H., Elshaer, M., Gravante, G., Drake, B., Ogedegbe, A., Mukherjee, D., Arhi, C., Iqbal, L. G. N., Watson, N. F., Aggarwal, S. K., Orchard, P., Villatoro, E., Willson, P. D., Mok, K. W. J., Woodman, T., Deguara, J., Garcea, G., Babu, B. I., Dennison, A. R., Malde, D., Lloyd, D., Satheesan, S., Al-Taan, O., Boddy, A., Slavin, J. P., Jones, R. P., Ballance, L., Gerakopoulos, S., Jambulingam, P., Mansour, S., Sakai, N., Acharya, V., Sadat, M. M., Karim, L., Larkin, D., Amin, K., Khan, A., Law, J., Jamdar, S., Smith, S. R., Sampat, K., O'Shea, K. M., Manu, M., Asprou, F. M., Malik, N. S., Chang, J., Lewis, M., Roberts, G. P., Karavadra, B., Photi, E., Hewes, J., Rodriguez, D., O'Reilly, D. A., Rate, A. J., Sekhar, H., Henderson, L. T., Starmer, B. Z., Coe, P. O., Tolofari, S., Barrie, J., Bashir, G., Sloane, J., Madanipour, S., Halkias, C., Trevatt, A. E. J., Borowski, D. W., Hornsby, J., Courtney, M. J., Virupaksha, S., Seymour, K., Hawkins, H., Bawa, S., Gallagher, P. V., Reid, A., Wood, P., Finch, J. G., Guy Finch, J., Parmar, J., Stirland, E., Gardner-Thorpe, J., Al-Muhktar, A., Peterson, M., Majeed, A., Bajwa, F. M., Martin, J., Choy, A., Tsang, A., Pore, N., Andrew, D. R., Al-Khyatt, W., Bhandari, C. T. S., Subramanium, D., Toh, S. K. C., Carter, N. C., Tate, S., Pearce, B., Wainwright, D., Mercer, S. J., Knight, B., Vijay, V., Alagaratnam, S., Sinha, S., El-Hasani, S. S., Hussain, A. A., Bhattacharya, V., Kansal, N., Fasih, T., Jackson, C., Siddiqui, M. N., Chishti, I. A., Fordham, I. J., Siddiqui, Z., Bausbacher, H., Geogloma, I., Gurung, K., Tsavellas, G., Basynat, P., Shrestha, A. K., Basu, S., Harilingam, A. C. M., Rabie, M., Akhtar, M., Kumar, P., Jafferbhoy, S. F., Hussain, N., Raza, S., Haque, M., Alam, I., Aseem, R., Patel, S., Asad, M., Booth, M. I., Ball, W. R., Wood, C. P. J., Pinho-Gomes, A. C., Kausar, A., Obeidallah, M. R., Varghase, J., Lodhia, J., Bradley, D., Rengifo, C., Lindsay, D., Gopalswamy, S., Finlay, I., Wardle, S., Bullen, N., Iftikhar, S. Y., Awan, A., Ahmed, J., Leeder, P., Fusai, G., Bond-Smith, G., Psica, A., Puri, Y., Hou, D., Noble, F., Szentpali, K., Broadhurst, J., Date, R., Hossack, M. R., Goh, Y. L., Turner, P., Shetty, V., Riera, M., Macano, C. A. W., Sukha, A., Preston, S. R., Hoban, J. R., Puntis, D. J., Williams, S. V., Krysztopik, R., Kynaston, J., Batt, J., Doe, M., Goscimski, A., Jones, G. H., Hall, C., Carty, N., Panteleimonitis, S., Gunasekera, R. T., Sheel, A. R. G., Lennon, H., Hindley, C., Reddy, M., Kenny, R., Elkheir, N., Mcglone, E. R., Rajaganeshan, R., Hancorn, K., Hargreaves, A., Prasad, R., Longbotham, D. A., Vijayanand, D., Wijetunga, I., Ziprin, P., Nicolay, C. R., Yeldham, G., Read, E., Gossage, J. A., Rolph, R. C., Ebied, H., Phull, M., Khan, M. A., Popplewell, M., Kyriakidis, D., Henley, N., Packer, J. R., Derbyshire, L., Porter, J., Appleton, S., Farouk, M., Basra, M., Jennings, N. A., Ali, S., Kanakala, V., Ali, H., Lane, R., Dickson-Lowe, R., Zarsadias, P., Mirza, D., Puig, S., Amari, K. A., Vijayan, D., Sutcliffe, R., Marudanayagam, R., Hamady, Z., Prasad, A. R., Patel, A., Durkin, D., Kaur, P., Bowen, L., Byrne, J. P., Pearson, K. L., Delisle, T. G., Davies, J., Tomlinson, M. A., Johnpulle, M. A., Slawinski, C., Macdonald, A., Nicholson, J., Newton, K., Mbuvi, J., Farooq, A., Mothe, B. S., Zafrani, Z., Brett, D., Francombe, J., Barnes, J., Cheung, M., Al-Bahrani, A. Z., Preziosi, G., Urbonas, T., Alberts, J., Mallik, M., Patel, K., Segaran, A., Doulias, T., Sufi, P. A., Yao, C., Pollock, S., Manzelli, A., Wajed, S., Kourkulos, M., Pezzuto, R., Wadley, M., Hamilton, E., Jaunoo, S., Padwick, R., Sayegh, M., Newton, R. C., Hebbar, M., Farag, S. F., Spearman, J., Hamdan, M. F., D'Costa, C., Blane, C., Giles, M., Peter, M. B., Hirst, N. A., Hossain, T., El-Dhuwaib, A. P. Y., Morrison, T. E. M., Taylor, G. W., Thompson, R. L. E., Mccune, K., Loughlin, P., Lawther, R., Byrnes, C. K., Simpson, D. J., Mawhinney, A., Warren, C., Mckay, D., Mcilmunn, C., Martin, S., Macartney, M., Diamond, T., Davey, P., Jones, C., Clements, J. M., Digney, R., Chan, W. M., Mccain, S., Gull, S., Janeczko, A., Dorrian, E., Harris, A., Dawson, S., Johnston, D., Mcaree, B., Ghareeb, E., Thomas, G., Connelly, M., Mckenzie, S., Cieplucha, K., Spence, G., Campbell, W., Hooks, G., Bradley, N., Hill, A. D. K., Cassidy, J. T., Boland, M., Burke, P., Nally, D. M., Khogali, E., Shabo, W., Iskandar, E., Mcentee, G. P., O'Neill, M. A., Peirce, C., Lyons, E. M., O'Sullivan, A. W., Thakkar, R., Carroll, P., Ivanovski, I., Balfe, P., Lee, M., Winter, D. C., Kelly, M. E., Hoti, E., Maguire, D., Karunakaran, P., Geoghegan, J. G., Mcdermott, F., Martin, S. T., Cross, K. S., Cooke, F., Zeeshan, S., Murphy, J. O., Mealy, K., Mohan, H. M., Nedujchelyn, Y., Ullah, M. F., Ahmed, I., Giovinazzo, F., Milburn, J., Prince, S., Brooke, E., Buchan, J., Khalil, A. M., Vaughan, E. M., Ramage, M. I., Aldridge, R. C., Gibson, S., Nicholson, G. A., Vass, D. G., Grant, A. J., Holroyd, D. J., Angharad Jones, M., Sutton, C. M. L. R., O'Dwyer, P., Nilsson, F., Weber, B., Williamson, T. K., Lalla, K., Bryant, A., Ross Carter, C., Forrest, C. R., Hunter, D. I., Nassar, A. H., Orizu, M. N., Knight, K., Qandeel, H., Suttie, S., Belding, R., Mcclarey, A., Boyd, A. T., Guthrie, G. J. K., Lim, P. J., Luhmann, A., Watson, A. J. M., Richards, C. H., Nicol, L., Madurska, M., Harrison, E., Boyce, K. M., Roebuck, A., Ferguson, G., Pati, P., Wilson, M. S. J., Dalgaty, F., Fothergill, L., Driscoll, P. J., Mozolowski, K. L., Banwell, V., Bennett, S. P., Rogers, P. N., Skelly, B. L., Rutherford, C. L., Mirza, A. K., Lazim, T., Lim, H. C. C., Duke, D., Ahmed, T., Beasley, W. D., Wilkinson, M. D., Maharaj, G., Malcolm, C., Brown, T. H., Al-Sarireh, B., Shingler, G. M., Mowbray, N., Radwan, R., Morcous, P., Wood, S., Kadhim, A., Stewart, D. J., Baker, A. L., Tanner, N., Shenoy, H., Hafiz, S., De Marchi, J. A., Singh-Ranger, D., Hisham, E., Ainley, P., John Terrace, S. O. N., Napetti, S., Hopwood, B., Rhys, T., Downing, J., Kanavati, O., Coats, M., Aleksandrov, D., Kallaway, C., Yahya, S., Templeton, A., Trotter, M., Lo, C., Dhillon, A., Heywood, N., Aawsaj, Y., Hamdan, A., Reece-Bolton, O., Mcguigan, A., Shahin, Y., Aymon, Luther, A. A., Nicholson, J. A., Rajendran, I., Boal, M., and Ritchie, J.

Subjects
Adult, Male, operative difficulty, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, cholecystectomy, difficulty grading, laparoscopic, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Aged, business.industry, General surgery, Correction, Hepatology, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Conversion to Open Surgery, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, ROC Curve, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Multivariate Analysis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, business, Grading scale, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets.Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall's tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere-Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis.A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p 0.001).We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty.

Published
2018

4. The development and validation of a scoring tool to predict the operative duration of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Author

Bharamgoudar, R., Sonsale, A., Hodson, J., Griffiths, E., Vohra, R.S., Kirkham, A.J., Pasquali, S., Marriott, P., Johnstone, M., Spreadborough, P., Alderson, D., Griffiths, E.A., Fenwick, S., Elmasry, M., Nunes, Q.M., Kennedy, D., Khan, R.B., Khan, M.A.S., Magee, C.J., Jones, S.M., Mason, D., Parappally, C.P., Mathur, P., Saunders, M., Jamel, S., Haque, S.U., Zafar, S., Shiwani, M.H., Samuel, N., Dar, F., Jackson, A., Lovett, B., Dindyal, S., Winter, H., Fletcher, T., Rahman, S., Wheatley, K., Nieto, T., Ayaani, S., Youssef, H., Nijjar, R.S., Watkin, H., Naumann, D., Emesih, S., Sarmah, P.B., Lee, K., Joji, N., Lambert, J., Heath, J., Teasdale, R.L., Weerasinghe, C., Needham, P.J., Welbourn, H., Forster, L., Finch, D., Blazeby, J.M., Robb, W., McNair, A.G.K., Hrycaiczuk, A., Charalabopoulos, A., Kadirkamanathan, S., Tang, C.-B., Jayanthi, N.V.G., Noor, N., Dobbins, B., Cockbain, A.J., Nilsen-Nunn, A., de Siqueira, J., Pellen, M., Cowley, J.B., Ho, W.-M., Miu, V., White, T.J., Hodgkins, K.A., Kinghorn, A., Tutton, M.G., Al-Abed, Y.A., Menzies, D., Ahmad, A., Reed, J., Khan, S., Monk, D., Vitone, L.J., Murtaza, G., Joel, A., Brennan, S., Shier, D., Zhang, C., Yoganathan, T., Robinson, S.J., McCallum, I.J.D., Jones, M.J., Elsayed, M., Tuck, L., Wayman, J., Carney, K., Aroori, S., Hosie, K.B., Kimble, A., Bunting, D.M., Fawole, A.S., Basheer, M., Dave, R.V., Sarveswaran, J., Jones, E., Kendal, C., Tilston, M.P., Gough, M., Wallace, T., Singh, S., Mockford, J.D.K.A., Issa, E., Shah, N., Chauhan, N., Wilson, T.R., Forouzanfar, A., Wild, J.R.L., Nofal, E., Bunnell, C., Madbak, K., Rao, S.T.V., Devoto, L., Siddiqi, N., Khawaja, Z., Hewes, J.C., Gould, L., Chambers, A., Rodriguez, D.U., Sen, G., Robinson, S., Bartlett, F., Rae, D.M., Stevenson, T.E.J., Sarvananthan, K., Dwerryhouse, S.J., Higgs, S.M., Old, O.J., Hardy, T.J., Shah, R., Hornby, S.T., Keogh, K., Frank, L., Al-Akash, M., Upchurch, E.A., Frame, R.J., Hughes, M., Jelley, C., Weaver, S., Roy, S., Sillo, T.O., Galanopoulos, G., Cuming, T., Cunha, P., Tayeh, S., Kaptanis, S., Heshaishi, M., Eisawi, A., Abayomi, M., Ngu, W.S., Fleming, K., Bajwa, D.S., Chitre, V., Aryal, K., Ferris, P., Silva, M., Lammy, S., Mohamed, S., Khawaja, A., Hussain, A., Ghazanfar, M.A., Bellini, M.I., Ebdewi, H., Elshaer, M., Gravante, G., Drake, B., Ogedegbe, A., Mukherjee, D., Arhi, C., Giwa, L., Iqbal, N., Watson, N.F., Aggarwal, S.K., Orchard, P., Villatoro, E., Willson, P.D., Mok, K.W.J., Woodman, T., Deguara, J., Garcea, G., Babu, B.I., Dennison, A.R., Malde, D., Lloyd, D., Satheesan, S., Al-Taan, O., Boddy, A., Slavin, J.P., Jones, R.P., Ballance, L., Gerakopoulos, S., Jambulingam, P., Mansour, S., Sakai, N., Acharya, V., Sadat, M.M., Karim, L., Larkin, D., Amin, K., Khan, A., Law, J., Jamdar, S., Smith, S.R., Sampat, K., O?shea, K.M., Manu, M., Asprou, F.M., Malik, N.S., Chang, J., Lewis, M., Roberts, G.P., Karavadra, B., Photi, E., Hewes, J., Rodriguez, D., O?Reilly, D.A., Rate, A.J., Sekhar, H., Henderson, L.T., Starmer, B.Z., Coe, P.O., Tolofari, S., Barrie, J., Bashir, G., Sloane, J., Madanipour, S., Halkias, C., Trevatt, A.E.J., Borowski, D.W., Hornsby, J., Courtney, M.J., Virupaksha, S., Seymour, K., Hawkins, H., Bawa, S., Gallagher, P.V., Reid, A., Wood, P., Finch, J.G., Guy Finch, J., Parmar, J., Stirland, E., Gardner-Thorpe, J., Al-Muhktar, A., Peterson, M., Majeed, A., Bajwa, F.M., Martin, J., Choy, A., Tsang, A., Pore, N., Andrew, D.R., Al-Khyatt, W., Taylor, C., Bhandari, S., Subramanium, D., Toh, S.K.C., Carter, N.C., Tate, S., Pearce, B., Wainwright, D., Mercer, S.J., Knight, B., Vijay, V., Alagaratnam, S., Sinha, S., El-Hasani, S.S., Hussain, A.A., Bhattacharya, V., Kansal, N., Fasih, T., Jackson, C., Siddiqui, M.N., Chishti, I.A., Fordham, I.J., Siddiqui, Z., Bausbacher, H., Geogloma, I., Gurung, K., Tsavellas, G., Basynat, P., Shrestha, A.K., Basu, S., Chhabra, A., Harilingam, M., Rabie, M., Akhtar, M., Kumar, P., Jafferbhoy, S.F., Hussain, N., Raza, S., Haque, M., Alam, I., Aseem, R., Patel, S., Asad, M., Booth, M.I., Ball, W.R., Wood, C.P.J., Pinho-Gomes, A.C., Kausar, A., Obeidallah, M.R., Varghase, J., Lodhia, J., Bradley, D., Rengifo, C., Lindsay, D., Gopalswamy, S., Finlay, I., Wardle, S., Bullen, N., Iftikhar, S.Y., Awan, A., Ahmed, J., Leeder, P., Fusai, G., Bond-Smith, G., Psica, A., Puri, Y., Hou, D., Noble, F., Szentpali, K., Broadhurst, J., Date, R., Hossack, M.R., Goh, Y.L., Turner, P., Shetty, V., Riera, M., Macano, C.A.W., Sukha, A., Preston, S.R., Hoban, J.R., Puntis, D.J., Williams, S.V., Krysztopik, R., Kynaston, J., Batt, J., Doe, M., Goscimski, A., Jones, G.H., Hall, C., Carty, N., Panteleimonitis, S., Gunasekera, R.T., Sheel, A.R.G., Lennon, H., Hindley, C., Reddy, M., Kenny, R., Elkheir, N., McGlone, E.R., Rajaganeshan, R., Hancorn, K., Hargreaves, A., Prasad, R., Longbotham, D.A., Vijayanand, D., Wijetunga, I., Ziprin, P., Nicolay, C.R., Yeldham, G., Read, E., Gossage, J.A., Rolph, R.C., Ebied, H., Phull, M., Khan, M.A., Popplewell, M., Kyriakidis, D., Henley, N., Packer, J.R., Derbyshire, L., Porter, J., Appleton, S., Farouk, M., Basra, M., Jennings, N.A., Ali, S., Kanakala, V., Ali, H., Lane, R., Dickson-Lowe, R., Zarsadias, P., Mirza, D., Puig, S., Al Amari, K., Vijayan, D., Sutcliffe, R., Marudanayagam, R., Hamady, Z., Prasad, A.R., Patel, A., Durkin, D., Kaur, P., Bowen, L., Byrne, J.P., Pearson, K.L., Delisle, T.G., Davies, J., Tomlinson, M.A., Johnpulle, M.A., Slawinski, C., Macdonald, A., Nicholson, J., Newton, K., Mbuvi, J., Farooq, A., Mothe, B.S., Zafrani, Z., Brett, D., Francombe, J., Barnes, J., Cheung, M., Al-Bahrani, A.Z., Preziosi, G., Urbonas, T., Alberts, J., Mallik, M., Patel, K., Segaran, A., Doulias, T., Sufi, P.A., Yao, C., Pollock, S., Manzelli, A., Wajed, S., Kourkulos, M., Pezzuto, R., Wadley, M., Hamilton, E., Jaunoo, S., Padwick, R., Sayegh, M., Newton, R.C., Hebbar, M., Farag, S.F., Spearman, J., Hamdan, M.F., D?Costa, C., Blane, C., Giles, M., Peter, M.B., Hirst, N.A., Hossain, T., Pannu, A., El-Dhuwaib, Y., Morrison, T.E.M., Taylor, G.W., Thompson, R.L.E., McCune, K., Loughlin, P., Lawther, R., Byrnes, C.K., Simpson, D.J., Mawhinney, A., Warren, C., McKay, D., McIlmunn, C., Martin, S., MacArtney, M., Diamond, T., Davey, P., Jones, C., Clements, J.M., Digney, R., Chan, W.M., McCain, S., Gull, S., Janeczko, A., Dorrian, E., Harris, A., Dawson, S., Johnston, D., McAree, B., Ghareeb, E., Thomas, G., Connelly, M., McKenzie, S., Cieplucha, K., Spence, G., Campbell, W., Hooks, G., Bradley, N., Hill, A.D.K., Cassidy, J.T., Boland, M., Burke, P., Nally, D.M., Khogali, E., Shabo, W., Iskandar, E., McEntee, G.P., O?Neill, M.A., Peirce, C., Lyons, E.M., O?Sullivan, A.W., Thakkar, R., Carroll, P., Ivanovski, I., Balfe, P., Lee, M., Winter, D.C., Kelly, M.E., Hoti, E., Maguire, D., Karunakaran, P., Geoghegan, J.G., McDermott, F., Martin, S.T., Cross, K.S., Cooke, F., Zeeshan, S., Murphy, J.O., Mealy, K., Mohan, H.M., Nedujchelyn, Y., Ullah, M.F., Ahmed, I., Giovinazzo, F., Milburn, J., Prince, S., Brooke, E., Buchan, J., Khalil, A.M., Vaughan, E.M., Ramage, M.I., Aldridge, R.C., Gibson, S., Nicholson, G.A., Vass, D.G., Grant, A.J., Holroyd, D.J., Jones, M.A., Sutton, C.M.L.R., O?Dwyer, P., Nilsson, F., Weber, B., Williamson, T.K., Lalla, K., Bryant, A., Carter, C.R., Forrest, C.R., Hunter, D.I., Nassar, A.H., Orizu, M.N., Knight, K., Qandeel, H., Suttie, S., Belding, R., McClarey, A., Boyd, A.T., Guthrie, G.J.K., Lim, P.J., Luhmann, A., Watson, A.J.M., Richards, C.H., Nicol, L., Madurska, M., Harrison, E., Boyce, K.M., Roebuck, A., Ferguson, G., Pati, P., Wilson, M.S.J., Dalgaty, F., Fothergill, L., Driscoll, P.J., Mozolowski, K.L., Banwell, V., Bennett, S.P., Rogers, P.N., Skelly, B.L., Rutherford, C.L., Mirza, A.K., Lazim, T., Lim, H.C.C., Duke, D., Ahmed, T., Beasley, W.D., Wilkinson, M.D., Maharaj, G., Malcolm, C., Brown, T.H., Al-Sarireh, B., Shingler, G.M., Mowbray, N., Radwan, R., Morcous, P., Wood, S., Kadhim, A., Stewart, D.J., Baker, A.L., Tanner, N., Shenoy, H., Hafiz, S., De Marchi, J.A., Singh-Ranger, D., Hisham, E., Ainley, P., O?Neill, S., Terrace, J., Napetti, S., Hopwood, B., Rhys, T., Downing, J., Kanavati, O., Coats, M., Aleksandrov, D., Kallaway, C., Yahya, S., Templeton, A., Trotter, M., Lo, C., Dhillon, A., Heywood, N., Aawsaj, Y., Hamdan, A., Reece-Bolton, O., McGuigan, A., Shahin, Y., Aymon, Luther, A.A., Nicholson, J.A., Rajendran, I., Boal, M., and Ritchie, J.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Scoring tool, medicine.medical_specialty, Patient factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Operative Time, Operative duration, 030230 surgery, Logistic regression, Article, patient factors, 03 medical and health sciences, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient satisfaction, 030202 anesthesiology, Interquartile range, medicine, Humans, theatre utilisation, Propensity Score, Aged, Framingham Risk Score, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, prediction, Middle Aged, operative duration, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, ROC Curve, scoring tool, Centre for Surgical Research, Elective Surgical Procedures, Theatre utilisation, Emergency medicine, Cohort, Propensity score matching, Female, Surgery, Cholecystectomy, Prediction, business
Abstract

Background The ability to accurately predict operative duration has the potential to optimise theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs and increasing staff and patient satisfaction. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations. Methods Data collected from the CholeS study on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in UK and Irish hospitals between 04/2014 and 05/2014 were used to study operative duration. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was produced in order to identify significant independent predictors of long (> 90 min) operations. The resulting model was converted to a risk score, which was subsequently validated on second cohort of patients using ROC curves. Results After exclusions, data were available for 7227 patients in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The median operative duration was 60 min (interquartile range 45–85), with 17.7% of operations lasting longer than 90 min. Ten factors were found to be significant independent predictors of operative durations > 90 min, including ASA, age, previous surgical admissions, BMI, gallbladder wall thickness and CBD diameter. A risk score was then produced from these factors, and applied to a cohort of 2405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.708 (SE = 0.013, p 90 min increasing more than eightfold from 5.1 to 41.8% in the extremes of the score. Conclusion The scoring tool produced in this study was found to be significantly predictive of long operative durations on validation in an external cohort. As such, the tool may have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care.

Published
2018
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5. Population-based cohort study of outcomes following cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases

Author

Vohra, RS, Pasquali, S, Kirkham, AJ, Marriott, P, Johnstone, M, Spreadborough, P, Alderson, D, Griffiths, EA, Fenwick, S, Elmasry, M, Nunes, Q, Kennedy, D, Khan, RB, Khan, MAS, Magee, CJ, Jones, SM, Mason, D, Parappally, CP, Mathur, P, Saunders, M, Jamel, S, Ul Haque, S, Zafar, S, Shiwani, MH, Samuel, N, Dar, F, Jackson, A, Lovett, B, Dindyal, S, Winter, H, Fletcher, T, Rahman, S, Wheatley, K, Nieto, T, Ayaani, S, Youssef, H, Nijjar, RS, Watkin, H, Naumann, D, Emeshi, S, Sarmah, PB, Lee, K, Joji, N, Heath, J, Teasdale, RL, Weerasinghe, C, Needham, PJ, Welbourn, H, Forster, L, Finch, D, Blazeby, JM, Robb, W, McNair, AGK, Hrycaiczuk, A, Kadirkamanathan, S, Tang, C-B, Jayanthi, NVG, Noor, N, Dobbins, B, Cockbain, AJ, Nilsen-Nunn, A, de Siqueira, J, Pellen, M, Cowley, JB, Ho, W-M, Miu, V, White, TJ, Hodgkins, KA, Kinghorn, A, Tutton, MG, Al-Abed, YA, Menzies, D, Ahmad, A, Reed, J, Khan, S, Monk, D, Vitone, LJ, Murtaza, G, Joel, A, Brennan, S, Shier, D, Zhang, C, Yoganathan, T, Robinson, SJ, McCallum, IJD, Jones, MJ, Elsayed, M, Tuck, L, Wayman, J, Carney, K, Aroori, S, Hosie, KB, Kimble, A, Bunting, DM, Fawole, AS, Basheer, M, Dave, RV, Sarveswaran, J, Jones, E, Kendal, C, Tilston, MP, Gough, M, Wallace, T, Singh, S, Downing, J, Mockford, KA, Issa, E, Shah, N, Chauhan, N, Wilson, TR, Forouzanfar, A, Wild, JRL, Nofal, E, Bunnell, C, Madbak, K, Rao, STV, Devoto, L, Siddiqi, N, Khawaja, Z, Hewes, JC, Gould, L, Chambers, A, Rodriguez, DU, Sen, G, Robinson, S, Bartlett, F, Rae, DM, Stevenson, TEJ, Sarvananthan, K, Dwerryhouse, SJ, Higgs, SM, Old, OJ, Hardy, TJ, Shah, R, Hornby, ST, Keogh, K, Frank, L, Al-Akash, M, Upchurch, EA, Frame, RJ, Hughes, M, Jelley, C, Weaver, S, Roy, S, Sillo, TO, Galanopoulos, G, Cuming, T, Cunha, P, Tayeh, S, Kaptanis, S, Heshaishi, M, Eisawi, A, Abayomi, M, Ngu, WS, Fleming, K, Bajwa, DS, Chitre, V, Aryal, K, Ferris, P, Silva, M, Lammy, S, Mohamed, S, Khawaja, A, Hussain, A, Ghazanfar, MA, Bellini, MI, Ebdewi, H, Elshaer, M, Gravante, G, Drake, B, Ogedegbe, A, Mukherjee, D, Arhi, C, Iqbal, LGN, Watson, NF, Aggarwal, SK, Orchard, P, Villatoro, E, Willson, PD, Wa, K, Mok, J, Woodman, T, Deguara, J, Garcea, G, Babu, BI, Dennison, AR, Malde, D, Lloyd, D, Satheesan, S, Al-Taan, O, Boddy, A, Slavin, JP, Jones, RP, Ballance, L, Gerakopoulos, S, Jambulingam, P, Mansour, S, Sakai, N, Acharya, V, Sadat, MM, Karim, L, Larkin, D, Amin, K, Khan, A, Law, J, Jamdar, S, Smith, SR, Sampat, K, O'Shea, KM, Manu, M, Asprou, FM, Malik, NS, Chang, J, Lewis, M, Roberts, GP, Karavadra, B, Photi, E, Hewes, J, Rodriguez, D, O'Reilly, DA, Rate, AJ, Sekhar, H, Henderson, LT, Starmer, BZ, Coe, PO, Tolofari, S, Barrie, J, Bashir, G, Sloane, J, Madanipour, S, Halkias, C, Trevatt, AEJ, Borowski, DW, Hornsby, J, Courtney, MJ, Seymour, K, Hawkins, H, Bawa, S, Gallagher, PV, Reid, A, Wood, P, Finch, JG, Parmar, J, Stirland, E, Gardner-Thorpe, J, Al-Muhktar, A, Peterson, M, Majeed, A, Bajwa, FM, Martin, J, Choy, A, Tsang, A, Pore, N, Andrew, DR, Al-Khyatt, W, Taylor, C, Bhandari, S, Subramanium, D, Toh, SKC, Carter, NC, Mercer, SJ, Knight, B, Tate, S, Pearce, B, Wainwright, D, Vijay, V, Alagaratnam, S, Sinha, S, El-Hasani, SS, Hussain, AA, Bhattacharya, V, Kansal, N, Fasih, T, Jackson, C, Siddiqui, MN, Chishti, IA, Fordham, IJ, Siddiqui, Z, Bausbacher, H, Geogloma, I, Gurung, K, Tsavellas, G, Basynat, P, Shrestha, AK, Basu, S, Harilingam, ACM, Rabie, M, Akhtar, M, Kumar, P, Jafferbhoy, SF, Hussain, N, Raza, S, Haque, M, Alam, I, Aseem, R, Patel, S, Asad, M, Booth, MI, Ball, WR, Wood, CPJ, Pinho-Gomes, AC, Kausar, A, Obeidallah, MR, Varghase, J, Lodhia, J, Bradley, D, Rengifo, C, Lindsay, D, Gopalswamy, S, Finlay, I, Wardle, S, Bullen, N, Iftikhar, SY, Awan, A, Ahmed, J, Leeder, P, Fusai, G, Bond-Smith, G, Psica, A, Puri, Y, Hou, D, Noble, F, Szentpali, K, Broadhurst, J, Date, R, Hossack, MR, Goh, YL, Turner, P, Shetty, V, Riera, M, Macano, CAW, Sukha, A, Preston, SR, Hoban, JR, Puntis, DJ, Williams, SV, Krysztopik, R, Kynaston, J, Batt, J, Doe, M, Goscimski, A, Jones, GH, Hall, C, Carty, N, Panteleimonitis, S, Gunasekera, RT, Sheel, ARG, Lennon, H, Hindley, C, Reddy, M, Kenny, R, Elkheir, N, McGlone, ER, Rajaganeshan, R, Hancorn, K, Hargreaves, A, Prasad, R, Longbotham, DA, Vijayanand, D, Wijetunga, I, Ziprin, P, Nicolay, CR, Yeldham, G, Read, E, Gossage, JA, Rolph, RC, Ebied, H, Phull, M, Khan, MA, Popplewell, M, Kyriakidis, D, Henley, N, Packer, JR, Derbyshire, L, Porter, J, Appleton, S, Farouk, M, Basra, M, Jennings, NA, Ali, S, Kanakala, V, Ali, H, Lane, R, Dickson-Lowe, R, Zarsadias, P, Mirza, D, Puig, S, Al Amari, K, Vijayan, D, Sutcliffe, R, Marudanayagam, R, Hamady, Z, Prasad, AR, Patel, A, Durkin, D, Kaur, P, Bowen, L, Byrne, JP, Pearson, KL, Delisle, TG, Davies, J, Tomlinson, MA, Johnpulle, MA, Slawinski, C, Macdonald, A, Nicholson, J, Newton, K, Mbuvi, J, Farooq, A, Mothe, BS, Zafrani, Z, Brett, D, Francombe, J, Barnes, J, Cheung, M, Al-Bahrani, AZ, Preziosi, G, Urbonas, T, Alberts, J, Mallik, M, Patel, K, Segaran, A, Doulias, T, Sufi, PA, Yao, C, Pollock, S, Manzelli, A, Wajed, S, Kourkulos, M, Pezzuto, R, Wadley, M, Hamilton, E, Jaunoo, S, Padwick, R, Sayegh, M, Newton, RC, Hebbar, M, Farag, SF, Spearman, J, Hamdan, MF, D'Costa, C, Blane, C, Giles, M, Peter, MB, Hirst, NA, Hossain, T, Pannu, A, El-Dhuwaib, Y, Morrison, TEM, Taylor, GW, Thompson, RLE, McCune, K, Loughlin, P, Lawther, R, Byrnes, CK, Simpson, DJ, Mawhinney, A, Warren, C, Mckay, D, McIlmunn, C, Martin, S, MacArtney, M, Diamond, T, Davey, P, Jones, C, Clements, JM, Digney, R, Chan, WM, McCain, S, Gull, S, Janeczko, A, Dorrian, E, Harris, A, Dawson, S, Johnston, D, McAree, B, Ghareeb, E, Thomas, G, Connelly, M, McKenzie, S, Cieplucha, K, Spence, G, Campbell, W, Hooks, G, Bradley, N, Hill, ADK, Cassidy, JT, Boland, M, Burke, P, Nally, DM, Khogali, E, Shabo, W, Iskandar, E, McEntee, GP, O'Neill, MA, Peirce, C, Lyons, EM, O'Sullivan, AW, Thakkar, R, Carroll, P, Ivanovski, I, Balfe, P, Lee, M, Winter, DC, Kelly, ME, Hoti, E, Maguire, D, Karunakaran, P, Geoghegan, JG, Martin, ST, McDermott, F, Cross, KS, Cooke, F, Zeeshan, S, Murphy, JO, Mealy, K, Mohan, HM, Nedujchelyn, Y, Ullah, MF, Ahmed, I, Giovinazzo, F, Milburn, J, Prince, S, Brooke, E, Buchan, J, Khalil, AM, Vaughan, EM, Ramage, MI, Aldridge, RC, Gibson, S, Nicholson, GA, Vass, DG, Grant, AJ, Holroyd, DJ, Jones, MA, Sutton, CMLR, O'Dwyer, P, Nilsson, F, Weber, B, Williamson, TK, Lalla, K, Bryant, A, Carter, CR, Forrest, CR, Hunter, DI, Nassar, AH, Orizu, MN, Knight, K, Qandeel, H, Suttie, S, Belding, R, McClarey, A, Boyd, AT, Guthrie, GJK, Lim, PJ, Luhmann, A, Watson, AJM, Richards, CH, Nicol, L, Madurska, M, Harrison, E, Boyce, KM, Roebuck, A, Ferguson, G, Pati, P, Wilson, MSJ, Dalgaty, F, Fothergill, L, Driscoll, PJ, Mozolowski, KL, Banwell, V, Bennett, SP, Rogers, PN, Skelly, BL, Rutherford, CL, Mirza, AK, Lazim, T, Lim, HCC, Duke, D, Ahmed, T, Beasley, WD, Wilkinson, MD, Maharaj, G, Malcolm, C, Brown, TH, Shingler, GM, Mowbray, N, Radwan, R, Morcous, P, Wood, S, Kadhim, A, Stewart, DJ, Baker, AL, Tanner, N, Shenoy, H, Hafiz, S, De Marchi, JA, Singh-Ranger, D, Hisham, E, Ainley, P, O'Neill, S, Terrace, J, Napetti, S, Hopwood, B, Rhys, T, Kanavati, O, Coats, M, Aleksandrov, D, Kallaway, C, Yahya, S, Templeton, A, Trotter, M, Lo, C, Dhillon, A, Heywood, N, Aawsaj, Y, Hamdan, A, Reece-Bolton, O, McGuigan, A, Shahin, Y, Ali, A, Luther, A, Nicholson, JA, Rajendran, I, Boal, M, Ritchie, J, Grp, CS, and Collaborative, WMR

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_treatment, 030230 surgery, outcomes, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, 80 and over, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Middle Aged, Conversion to Open Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, Centre for Surgical Research, Elective Surgical Procedures, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Gallbladder disease, Gallbladder Diseases, Aged, Ambulatory Surgical Procedures, Cholecystectomy, Emergency Treatment, Humans, Ireland, Patient Readmission, Time-to-Treatment, United Kingdom, Surgery, benign disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Laparoscopic, medicine, education, business.industry, General surgery, Gallbladder, medicine.disease, business, Complication
Abstract

Background The aim was to describe the management of benign gallbladder disease and identify characteristics associated with all-cause 30-day readmissions and complications in a prospective population-based cohort. Methods Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing all-cause 30-day readmissions and complications were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two-level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 8909 patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 167 hospitals. Some 1451 cholecystectomies (16·3 per cent) were performed as an emergency, 4165 (46·8 per cent) as elective operations, and 3293 patients (37·0 per cent) had had at least one previous emergency admission, but had surgery on a delayed basis. The readmission and complication rates at 30 days were 7·1 per cent (633 of 8909) and 10·8 per cent (962 of 8909) respectively. Both readmissions and complications were independently associated with increasing ASA fitness grade, duration of surgery, and increasing numbers of emergency admissions with gallbladder disease before cholecystectomy. No identifiable hospital characteristics were linked to readmissions and complications. Conclusion Readmissions and complications following cholecystectomy are common and associated with patient and disease characteristics.

Published
2016
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6. Population-based cohort study of variation in the use of emergency cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases

Author

Vohra, R. S., Pasquali, S., Kirkham, A. J., Marriott, P., Johnstone, M., Spreadborough, P., Alderson, D., Griffiths, E. A., Fenwick, S., Elmasry, M., Nunes, Q., Kennedy, D., Basit Khan, R., Khan, M. A. S., Magee, C. J., Jones, S. M., Mason, D., Parappally, C. P., Mathur, P., Saunders, M., Jamel, S., Ul Haque, S., Zafar, S., Shiwani, M. H., Samuel, N., Dar, F., Jackson, A., Lovett, B., Dindyal, S., Winter, H., Fletcher, T., Rahman, S., Wheatley, K., Nieto, T., Ayaani, S., Youssef, H., Nijjar, R. S., Watkin, H., Naumann, D., Emeshi, S., Sarmah, P. B., Lee, K., Joji, N., Heath, J., Teasdale, R. L., Weerasinghe, C., Needham, P. J., Welbourn, H., Forster, L., Finch, D., Blazeby, J. M., Robb, W., Mcnair, A. G. K., Hrycaiczuk, A., Charalabopoulos, A., Kadirkamanathan, S., Tang, C. -B., Jayanthi, N. V. G., Noor, N., Dobbins, B., Cockbain, A. J., Nilsen-Nunn, A., de Siqueira, J., Pellen, M., Cowley, J. B., W. -M., Ho, Miu, V., White, T. J., Hodgkins, K. A., Kinghorn, A., Tutton, M. G., Al-Abed, Y. A., Menzies, D., Ahmad, A., Reed, J., Khan, S., Monk, D., Vitone, L. J., Murtaza, G., Joel, A., Brennan, S., Shier, D., Zhang, C., Yoganathan, T., Robinson, S. J., Mccallum, I. J. D., Jones, M. J., Elsayed, M., Tuck, L., Wayman, J., Carney, K., Aroori, S., Hosie, K. B., Kimble, A., Bunting, D. M., Fawole, A. S., Basheer, M., Dave, R. V., Sarveswaran, J., Jones, E., Kendal, C., Tilston, M. P., Gough, M., Wallace, T., Singh, S., Downing, J., Mockford, K. A., Issa, E., Shah, N., Chauhan, N., Wilson, T. R., Forouzanfar, A., Wild, J. R. L., Nofal, E., Bunnell, C., Madbak, K., Rao, S. T. V., Devoto, L., Siddiqi, N., Khawaja, Z., Hewes, J. C., Gould, L., Chambers, A., Urriza Rodriguez, D., Sen, G., Robinson, S., Bartlett, F., Rae, D. M., Stevenson, T. E. J., Sarvananthan, K., Dwerryhouse, S. J., Higgs, S. M., Old, O. J., Hardy, T. J., Shah, R., Hornby, S. T., Keogh, K., Frank, L., Al-Akash, M., Upchurch, E. A., Frame, R. J., Hughes, M., Jelley, C., Weaver, S., Roy, S., Sillo, T. O., Galanopoulos, G., Cuming, T., Cunha, P., Tayeh, S., Kaptanis, S., Heshaishi, M., Eisawi, A., Abayomi, M., Ngu, W. S., Fleming, K., Singh Bajwa, D., Chitre, V., Aryal, K., Ferris, P., Silva, M., Lammy, S., Mohamed, S., Khawaja, A., Hussain, A., Ghazanfar, M. A., Bellini, M. I., Ebdewi, H., Elshaer, M., Gravante, G., Drake, B., Ogedegbe, A., Mukherjee, D., Arhi, C., Giwa Nusrat Iqbal, L., Watson, N. F., Kumar Aggarwal, S., Orchard, P., Villatoro, E., Willson, P. D., Wa, K., Mok, J., Woodman, T., Deguara, J., Garcea, G., Babu, B. I., Dennison, A. R., Malde, D., Lloyd, D., Satheesan, S., Al-Taan, O., Boddy, A., Slavin, J. P., Jones, R. P., Ballance, L., Gerakopoulos, S., Jambulingam, P., Mansour, S., Sakai, N., Acharya, V., Sadat, M. M., Karim, L., Larkin, D., Amin, K., Khan, A., Law, J., Jamdar, S., Smith, S. R., Sampat, K., M O'shea, K., Manu, M., Asprou, F. M., Malik, N. S., Chang, J., Lewis, M., Roberts, G. P., Karavadra, B., Photi, E., Hewes, J., Rodriguez, D., O'Reilly, D. A., Rate, A. J., Sekhar, H., Henderson, L. T., Starmer, B. Z., Coe, P. O., Tolofari, S., Barrie, J., Bashir, G., Sloane, J., Madanipour, S., Halkias, C., Trevatt, A. E. J., Borowski, D. W., Hornsby, J., Courtney, M. J., Virupaksha, S., Seymour, K., Hawkins, H., Bawa, S., Gallagher, P. V., Reid, A., Wood, P., Finch, J. G., Parmar, J., Stirland, E., Gardner-Thorpe, J., Al-Muhktar, A., Peterson, M., Majeed, A., Bajwa, F. M., Martin, J., Choy, A., Tsang, A., Pore, N., Andrew, D. R., Al-Khyatt, W., Taylor, C., Bhandari, S., Subramanium, D., Toh, S. K. C., Carter, N. C., Mercer, S. J., Knight, B., Tate, S., Pearce, B., Wainwright, D., Vijay, V., Alagaratnam, S., Sinha, S., El-Hasani, S. S., Hussain, A. A., Bhattacharya, V., Kansal, N., Fasih, T., Jackson, C., Siddiqui, M. N., Chishti, I. A., Fordham, I. J., Siddiqui, Z., Bausbacher, H., Geogloma, I., Gurung, K., Tsavellas, G., Basynat, P., Kiran Shrestha, A., Basu, S., Chhabra Mohan Harilingam, A., Rabie, M., Akhtar, M., Kumar, P., Jafferbhoy, S. F., Hussain, N., Raza, S., Haque, M., Alam, I., Aseem, R., Patel, S., Asad, M., Booth, M. I., Ball, W. R., Wood, C. P. J., Pinho-Gomes, A. C., Kausar, A., Rami Obeidallah, M., Varghase, J., Lodhia, J., Bradley, D., Rengifo, C., Lindsay, D., Gopalswamy, S., Finlay, I., Wardle, S., Bullen, N., Iftikhar, S. Y., Awan, A., Ahmed, J., Leeder, P., Fusai, G., Bond-Smith, G., Psica, A., Puri, Y., Hou, D., Noble, F., Szentpali, K., Broadhurst, J., Date, R., Hossack, M. R., Li Goh, Y., Turner, P., Shetty, V., Riera, M., Macano, C. A. W., Sukha, A., Preston, S. R., Hoban, J. R., Puntis, D. J., Williams, S. V., Krysztopik, R., Kynaston, J., Batt, J., Doe, M., Goscimski, A., Jones, G. H., Hall, C., Carty, N., Panteleimonitis, S., Gunasekera, R. T., Sheel, A. R. G., Lennon, H., Hindley, C., Reddy, M., Kenny, R., Elkheir, N., Mcglone, E. R., Rajaganeshan, R., Hancorn, K., Hargreaves, A., Prasad, R., Longbotham, D. A., Vijayanand, D., Wijetunga, I., Ziprin, P., Nicolay, C. R., Yeldham, G., Read, E., Gossage, J. A., Rolph, R. C., Ebied, H., Phull, M., Khan, M. A., Popplewell, M., Kyriakidis, D., Henley, N., Packer, J. R., Derbyshire, L., Porter, J., Appleton, S., Farouk, M., Basra, M., Jennings, N. A., Ali, S., Kanakala, V., Ali, H., Lane, R., Dickson-Lowe, R., Zarsadias, P., Mirza, D., Puig, S., Al Amari, K., Vijayan, D., Sutcliffe, R., Marudanayagam, R., Hamady, Z., Prasad, A. R., Patel, A., Durkin, D., Kaur, P., Bowen, L., Byrne, J. P., Pearson, K. L., Delisle, T. G., Davies, J., Tomlinson, M. A., Johnpulle, M. A., Slawinski, C., Macdonald, A., Nicholson, J., Newton, K., Mbuvi, J., Farooq, A., Sidhartha Mothe, B., Zafrani, Z., Brett, D., Francombe, J., Barnes, J., Cheung, M., Al-Bahrani, A. Z., Preziosi, G., Urbonas, T., Alberts, J., Mallik, M., Patel, K., Segaran, A., Doulias, T., Sufi, P. A., Yao, C., Pollock, S., Manzelli, A., Wajed, S., Kourkulos, M., Pezzuto, R., Wadley, M., Hamilton, E., Jaunoo, S., Padwick, R., Sayegh, M., Newton, R. C., Hebbar, M., Farag, S. F., Spearman, J., Hamdan, M. F., D'Costa, C., Blane, C., Giles, M., Peter, M. B., Hirst, N. A., Hossain, T., Pannu, A., El-Dhuwaib, Y., Morrison, T. E. M., Taylor, G. W., Thompson, R. L. E., Mccune, K., Loughlin, P., Lawther, R., Byrnes, C. K., Simpson, D. J., Mawhinney, A., Warren, C., Mckay, D., Mcilmunn, C., Martin, S., Macartney, M., Diamond, T., Davey, P., Jones, C., Clements, J. M., Digney, R., Chan, W. M., Mccain, S., Gull, S., Janeczko, A., Dorrian, E., Harris, A., Dawson, S., Johnston, D., Mcaree, B., Ghareeb, E., Thomas, G., Connelly, M., Mckenzie, S., Cieplucha, K., Spence, G., Campbell, W., Hooks, G., Bradley, N., Hill, A. D. K., Cassidy, J. T., Boland, M., Burke, P., Nally, D. M., Khogali, E., Shabo, W., Iskandar, E., Mcentee, G. P., O'Neill, M. A., Peirce, C., Lyons, E. M., O'Sullivan, A. W., Thakkar, R., Carroll, P., Ivanovski, I., Balfe, P., Lee, M., Winter, D. C., Kelly, M. E., Hoti, E., Maguire, D., Karunakaran, P., Geoghegan, J. G., Martin, S. T., Mcdermott, F., Cross, K. S., Cooke, F., Zeeshan, S., Murphy, J. O., Mealy, K., Mohan, H. M., Nedujchelyn, Y., Fahad Ullah, M., Ahmed, I., Giovinazzo, F., Milburn, J., Prince, S., Brooke, E., Buchan, J., Khalil, A. M., Vaughan, E. M., Ramage, M. I., Aldridge, R. C., Gibson, S., Nicholson, G. A., Vass, D. G., Grant, A. J., Holroyd, D. J., Jones, M. A., Sutton, C. M. L. R., O'Dwyer, P., Nilsson, F., Weber, B., Williamson, T. K., Lalla, K., Bryant, A., Carter, C. R., Forrest, C. R., Hunter, D. I., Nassar, A. H., Orizu, M. N., Knight, K., Qandeel, H., Suttie, S., Belding, R., Mcclarey, A., Boyd, A. T., Guthrie, G. J. K., Lim, P. J., Luhmann, A., Watson, A. J. M., Richards, C. H., Nicol, L., Madurska, M., Harrison, E., Boyce, K. M., Roebuck, A., Ferguson, G., Pati, P., Wilson, M. S. J., Dalgaty, F., Fothergill, L., Driscoll, P. J., Mozolowski, K. L., Banwell, V., Bennett, S. P., Rogers, P. N., Skelly, B. L., Rutherford, C. L., Mirza, A. K., Lazim, T., Lim, H. C. C., Duke, D., Ahmed, T., Beasley, W. D., Wilkinson, M. D., Maharaj, G., Malcolm, C., Brown, T. H., Shingler, G. M., Mowbray, N., Radwan, R., Morcous, P., Wood, S., Kadhim, A., Stewart, D. J., Baker, A. L., Tanner, N., Shenoy, H., Hafiz, S., De Marchi, J. A., Singh-Ranger, D., Hisham, E., Ainley, P., O'Neill, S., Terrace, J., Napetti, S., Hopwood, B., Rhys, T., Kanavati, O., Coats, M., Aleksandrov, D., Kallaway, C., Yahya, S., Templeton, A., Trotter, M., Lo, C., Dhillon, A., Heywood, N., Aawsaj, Y., Hamdan, A., Reece-Bolton, O., Mcguigan, A., Shahin, Y., Ali, A., Luther, A., Nicholson, J. A., Rajendran, I., Boal, M., and Ritchie, J.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Gallbladder disease, Population, Gallbladder Diseases, 030230 surgery, Biliary colic, Time-to-Treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Emergency cholecystectomy, benign gallbladder disease, hospital care, 80 and over, Medicine, Humans, Cholecystectomy, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, education, Emergency Treatment, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General surgery, Gallbladder, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Hospitals, United Kingdom, Hospitalization, medicine.anatomical_structure, Centre for Surgical Research, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Ireland, Surgery, medicine.symptom, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background The aims of this prospective population-based cohort study were to identify the patient and hospital characteristics associated with emergency cholecystectomy, and the influences of these in determining variations between hospitals. Methods Data were collected for consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing the performance of emergency cholecystectomy were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two-level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 4744 cholecystectomies from 165 hospitals. Increasing age, lower ASA fitness grade, biliary colic, the need for further imaging (magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), endoscopic interventions (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) and admission to a non-biliary centre significantly reduced the likelihood of an emergency cholecystectomy being performed. The multilevel model was used to calculate the probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy for a woman aged 40 years or over with an ASA grade of I or II and a BMI of at least 25·0 kg/m2, who presented with acute cholecystitis with an ultrasound scan showing a thick-walled gallbladder and a normal common bile duct. The mean predicted probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy was 0·52 (95 per cent c.i. 0·45 to 0·57). The predicted probabilities ranged from 0·02 to 0·95 across the 165 hospitals, demonstrating significant variation between hospitals. Conclusion Patients with similar characteristics presenting to different hospitals with acute gallbladder pathology do not receive comparable care.

Published
2016
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