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Social network sites, most notably Facebook, have fundamentally transformed the way information is transferred, received, and shared by individuals and organisations. This article explores the diverse contexts in which Facebook is utilised as a knowledge-sharing instrument, along with the key challenges encountered in adopting Facebook as a knowledge-sharing instrument. It also indicates the gaps in adopting Facebook as a knowledge-sharing instrument. In a systematic literature review, 400 articles accomplishing the research objectives were identified. The findings revealed that Facebook can be used in different contexts. Greater awareness of Facebook's versatility as a platform for knowledge sharing across various domains is recommended. This article also advises that the challenges related to cost, time investment and technical expertise be addressed, and emphasises the need for education and training.

This study is conducted for the purpose of investigating the influence of factors on the audit quality of financial statements of Vietnamese commercial banks. Also consider whether or not there is a difference in the quality of audits provided by Big4 and Non-Big4 auditing firms from the perspective of independent auditors. Data was collected from 226 respondents working in 20 independent auditing firms in Vietnam (4 Big4 auditing firms and 16 Non-Big4 auditing firms), holding positions such as audit firm managers, audit team leaders and auditors, who are directly involved in the audit. Sampling was conducted selectively from April 2023 to August 2023. By quantitative research method, with the support of SPSS22 software. The research results show that the factors that have an important influence on the audit quality of financial statements of Vietnamese commercial banks in descending order include: in-depth capacity of auditors; characteristics of commercial banks; time pressure; audit methods; quality control of auditing enterprises and legal systems; auditor independence; standard compliance; working conditions of auditing enterprises; size and reputation of auditing enterprises. However, the results of the study found no difference in the audit quality of financial statements of Vietnamese commercial banks between auditors of Big-4 and Non-Big-4 auditing enterprises. Based on the research results, a number of recommendations are made to auditors and auditing companies to improve the quality of auditing financial statements of commercial banks in the coming time.

The study aims to examine the factors affecting the satisfaction and loyalty of foreign investors in a locality through ‘hard’ infrastructure and ‘soft’ infrastructure factors. The author used Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA, and SEM to analyze primary data and test the hypothesis. The findings indicate that factors such as Infrastructure, Human Resources, Investment Policy, Living Environment, Local Brand, Quality of Public Services, and Local Advantages impact FDI investors’ satisfaction. Meanwhile, Competitive input costs are the only factor affecting the loyalty of FDI investors which differs from previous research. These results serve as a crucial foundation for Vietnamese municipalities to implement various strategies to enhance satisfaction and bolster the loyalty of FDI investors, ultimately amplifying the draw of foreign direct investment into the area.

AbstractCourts are high-stakes institutions, where the influence of the use of legal technology (legaltech) may not be confined to the individuals utilizing the tools. The existing evidence is insufficient for predicting the approval of legaltech in court proceedings. We aimed to provide empirical support for utilizing the technology acceptance model by recognizing individuals’ perceptions of legaltech in court proceedings. Furthermore, we suggest possible distinctions in these perceptions between those with and without court experience, in the legal field versus others, men versus women, and younger versus older individuals. This study’s main purpose is to offer important insights into the determinants that impact the acceptability of legal technology within the Vietnamese court system. The findings were examined by applying the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique. Based on the results, the acceptance of technology in court proceedings is mostly influenced by views on its utility. Furthermore, trust is crucial and is influenced by perceived risk and expertise. It is recommended that policymakers and court administrators prioritize the enhancement of these aspects to promote the acceptance and utilization of legal technology in Vietnam’s courts, leading to more efficient and impactful judicial procedures.

This study aims at investigating impact of entrepreneurship education and policy on Vietnamese youth’s entrepreneurship readiness and intentions. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to explore the relationship among different factors. In this research, the moderating variable was entrepreneurship mentor while intermediate variables were comprised of age, gender as well as educational background. The primary data was collected through online survey questionnaire with Vietnamese youngsters. There were 583 valid responses, which were processed with SPSS and AMOS software. The analyzed data demonstrated that 5 hypotheses were accepted. This proved that entrepreneurship intention was influenced by entrepreneurship policy and education. The factor of entrepreneurship mentor played the intermediate role within the relationship between entrepreneurship readiness and intention of Vietnamese youth.

PURPOSE: This study aims to integrate insights from the Socio-Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and entrepreneurship literature to develop a research framework of how perceived entrepreneurial opportunities (PEO) and perceived educational support (PES) shape the progression of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial career interests (ECI). Additionally, this study investigates whether ECI mediates the effects of PEO and PES on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and how PEO and PES moderate the effects of ESE and ECI on EI. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 888 university students was recruited from Vietnam. Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analyses were adopted to test the reliability and validity of the scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is then used to test formulated hypotheses. FINDINGS: The current study demonstrates that ESE and ECI directly trigger EI. Although PES and PEO did not directly impact EI, their influence on EI was mediated through ESE and ECI. In addition, PEO was found to act as a positive catalyst for the transformation of ESE and ECI into EI. The greater the entrepreneurial opportunities students perceive, the more likely they are to convert ESE and ECI into intentions to become entrepreneurs. IMPLICATIONS: This study makes a significant contribution by emphasizing the relevance of the SCCT framework in understanding entrepreneurship and brings to the forefront the role of PES and PEO in shaping the progression of ESE, ECI and, ultimately, EI. In addition, the findings of this study provide practical implications for nascent entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship educators, and policymakers. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study is one of the first to investigate the role of PEO and PES in the development of Vietnamese students’ SES, ECI and, ultimately, their intention to engage in entrepreneurship.

In recent years, online shopping is one of the routine parts in people’s life. It is convenient and takes less effort to purchase it. Regarding the increasing revolution of e-commerce businesses, recommendation engine plays a crucial role in them. Recommendation engines are very popular and easy to implement to their platform nowadays. Due to the extremely high competition of e-commerce businesses, the operation needs to integrate the recommender wisely. This study presents a comprehensive approach to improving user experience and engagement on e-commerce platforms through the implementation of an implicit personalized product recommendation engine. Collaborating with the H&M Group, the research combines the strength of each recommending algorithms which are collaborative filtering, popularity, and Bayesian personalized ranking to develop a robust recommendation system. By leveraging a retrieval strategy that combines multiple algorithmic techniques and evaluating candidates using machine learning models which comprise LightGBM and Deep Neural Network, the study achieves promising results. The authors utilize two popular technical metrics to evaluate their models which are mean average precision at K candidates (MAP@K) and mean average recall at K candidates (MAR@K). The empirical result indicates that the LightGBM model has remarkable performance than Deep Neural Network model, which are 0.06 versus 0.02 respectively in MAP@K and 0.03 versus 0.01 respectively in MAR@K when both recommending ways is at 50 items. Overall, this research contributes a novel framework that addresses the challenges of analyzing large-scale data, cold-start problems, and personalization, thereby enhancing the user experience, and driving sales on e-commerce platforms.

Young people are often thought to have a lifestyle focusing on enjoyment, which is why issues related to saving among the youth, especially saving money, receive significant attention from society. This issue has been analyzed in some previous studies; however, there is a new factor that has not been explored in the context of Vietnam, which is future orientation. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between future orientation, attitude towards saving and saving intention of generation Z university students in Northern Vietnam. The research method used was the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The primary data was collected from 531 respondents who are currently studying at universities in Northern Vietnam and the data was analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS software. The structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used, and the results indicate that both future orientation and attitude towards saving have a positive impact on savings intention. Furthermore, the mediating role of attitude in the relationship between future orientation and saving intention was confirmed. Therefore, the results should be applied by governmental agencies, financial organizations and individuals, especially young people, to encourage saving intention, and furthermore, saving behavior.

AbstractEntrepreneurship, a catalyst for advanced economies, yields widespread societal advantages through successful ventures. Amidst this, scholars and practitioners ardently contribute to a burgeoning knowledge repository, aiming to augment the triumph rate of startups. This study focalises on learning and creativity, pivotal facets for entrepreneurial accomplishment, and advances a theoretical framework elucidating the startup ecosystem’s role in organisational learning and creativity. The World Economic Forum’s (2013) model, encompassing six factors—Accessible Market, Workforce, Support System, Regulatory Framework, Education and Training, Cultural Support—comprises the entrepreneurial ecosystem examined. Our dataset, culled from surveys of 200 SME and startup founders or CEOs in Tay Ninh City, Vietnam, with at least five years of operational history, informs our study. Employing SmartPLS 3.0 and PLS-SEM methodology, empirical analysis unveils significant impacts: two ecosystem factors and organisational learning and creativity influence entrepreneurial success. Organisational learning engenders notable effects from the accessible market and workforce, while creativity draws impetus from accessible market, education and training, and support systems. Notably, organisational learning bolsters creativity within startups. These insights carry implications for catalysing regional entrepreneurship.

AbstractBased on three fundamental theories, commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing, transaction cost theory, and force field theory, this study has examined the factors affecting collaboration in the agricultural supply chain in the North Central region of Vietnam by analyzing EFA, CFA, and SEM. The research results have shown that trust and commitment are two important antecedents of collaboration, and they have a positive effect on collaboration in the agricultural supply chain. Risk has a negative effect on collaboration and is explained based on the concept of understanding the nature of risk and the characteristics of the research context. The dark side of collaboration is opportunistic behavior, testing the influence of this factor and concluding that it is necessary to limit opportunistic behavior to enhance collaboration in the agricultural supply chain. It is shown that there is a difference in the level of collaboration among specific agricultural sectors in the North Central region, in which collaboration in cultivation and livestock sectors has a low level, but in aquaculture, it is higher. Similarly, contractual relationships are essential for promoting collaboration in the agricultural supply chain. From these research results, the study has proposed some practical solutions to increase collaborations in the agricultural supply chain in the North Central region of Vietnam.

AbstractThe existing literature has focused on the exclusive relationship between institutional logics that are perceived as competing. The current study argues that multiple logics can co-exist in a blended relationship. The purpose of this study is to shed light on such a blended relationship between the alleged competing logics through the analysis of the institutional demands prescribed for artisan product innovation. A qualitative study with 15 semi-structured in-depth interviews as the main data source was conducted in Bát Tràng, a local artisan ceramic community in Hanoi, Vietnam. This exploratory study reveals that institutional logics show the mutual intersection of some attributes that pave for the existence of the blended relationship. In other words, the mutual intersection of two logics permits the agents to traverse such a blurry boundary between these two logics without incurring institutional conflicts. This study also offers future research agenda in an established literature of institutional logics.

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze changes in the transmission of monetary policy via bank lending when considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the financial crisis. Using bank-level data of 31 commercial banks in Vietnam from 2007 to 2021, we provide consistent evidence that the impact of monetary policy on bank lending tends to be more pronounced in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, we document that the bank’s loan supply is more sensitive to monetary policy adjustments during the global financial crisis. Thus, a general pattern can be detected, i.e. the monetary policy transmission through the bank lending channel is stronger under unfavorable macro contexts in Vietnam. Accordingly, it can be suggested that adjustments in the monetary policy of the central bank have still been effective in periods of macro difficulty and the implementation of unconventional monetary policy in Vietnam is not necessary yet. Regression results when using the sample-splitting technique are consistent with those using interactive variables, providing evidence to confirm the robustness of the findings obtained in the study.

AbstractThis study investigates the roles of management experience and management practices towards innovation activities across ASEAN nations. Notably, the moderating role of the female CEOs in the management experience management practices—innovation relationship is also examined. The data came from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey, consisting of 180,000 enterprises worldwide. This study extracted data from seven economies in ASEAN (Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Laos, and Cambodia). To deal with the hierarchical/multilevel structure of the study’s data set, the study uses the multilevel mixed-effects ordered logit model. The findings reveal that both management practices and management experience have positive impacts on innovation activities, particularly product innovation. Furthermore, this paper highlights the positive moderating role of female CEOs in the management experience management practices—innovation relationship.

PURPOSE: This study aims to clarify the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. The results of how subjective norms contribute to forming start-up intention are inconsistent and unclear, which is notable in previous research. By integrating the theory of planned behavior and the theory of self-efficacy, we investigate whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship serially mediate the relationship between subjective norms and intention to start a business. In addition, this study examines the moderate role of entrepreneurial education on the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship. METHODOLOGY: This study utilized a sample of 958 master’s students in Vietnam to investigate a moderated-serial mediation model of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to check the reliability and validity of the scales. Then, the SPSS PROCESS macro developed by Hayes was employed to test the research model. Specifically, Model 6 was used to examine the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on start-up intention and Model 84 was implemented to investigate the moderate effect of entrepreneurial education. FINDINGS: The results of this study found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude significantly mediate subjective norms’ effect on entrepreneurial intention. Especially, the results reveal that the serial mediation effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship was significant and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship played a fully mediating role in the relationship between subjective norms and start-up intention. In addition, this study found that the serial mediation effect of subjective norms on start-up intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude was negatively moderated by entrepreneurial education. IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study further clarify the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention and the role of entrepreneurial education, therefore, contributing to narrowing the notable gap between this relationship. Besides, our study provides several implications for governments and policymakers to promote the intention to start a business. The finding of our study indicates that subjective norms are an important factor in promoting entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, policymakers should take some actions to promote entrepreneurial culture, such as strengthening propaganda activities to promote the image of successful entrepreneurs, praising businesses and entrepreneurs who contribute to society, and giving evidence of their contribution to the development of the country. Promoting an entrepreneurial culture may increase peer group pressure on potential entrepreneurs, thus enhancing the intention to start a business. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study expects to contribute to a better understanding of the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention and explain the role of entrepreneurial education in this relationship. This study explores the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude in the relationship between subjective norms and the intention to start a business. Additionally, this study demonstrates that entrepreneurial education weakens the serial mediation model of subjective norms on the intention to start a business.

Entrepreneurship continues to grow and receives a great deal of interest from business researchers and practitioners for its importance in the modern economy. This study aims to contribute to the body of knowledge that the entrepreneurial ecosystem correlates with founders' perceptions and startup success. Data were gathered from surveys of 200 founders or CEOs of SMEs and startups in Tay Ninh City (Vietnam), who have operated their own companies for at least five years. The primary data analysis was performed using the partial least squares (PLS) technique. Five out of six ecosystem factors significantly affect entrepreneurs' perceptions and startups’ success, based on the results of the empirical data. Besides, the founders' perceptions also positively affect the success of a startup. The implications show the need to enhance entrepreneurship in a nation.

There are many researches on different aspects of responsibility accounting system, but none of those researches has focused on the impact of responsibility accounting system on the performance of textile enterprises. The aim of this paper is to identify factors affecting the implementation of responsibility accounting and its effect on the performance of Vietnamese listed textile companies. Using the qualitative and quantitative methodology, qualitative method was used to prepare the questionnaire, while quantitative method was used to measure the scale and analyze the level of impact of each factor. Further, the study employs the Structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS—SPSS, results show that factors in the research model aside from measurement technology and level of competition had certain impacts, including the ability of accounting staffs (TDKT), the awareness of managers at different level (NTQL), the decentralization (PQQL), the reward systems (HTKT), and the forecast for responsibility centers (DTTT). In addition, the structural management (CCTC), the competitive strategy (CLCT), the competitive advantages (YTCT) and the responsibility centers’ reports (BCTT) that have greatly affected performance of listed firms. In addition, the implementation of responsibility accounting has the greatest effect on the performance of listed companies. In fact, the implementation of responsibility accounting changes by 1 point (level), it will increase/decrease the performance of listed companies by 0.409 points without considering the other factors

Unlike developing economies, advanced economies easily borrow debt to finance budget deficits. Government debt is one of the active measures of fiscal policy in these economies to run the economy and overcome its cyclicality. Most related studies note that government debt reduces private investment. Does it hold for advanced economies? Does institutional quality significantly affect the government debt – private investment relationship in these economies? For the answer, the study applies the PMG estimator (PMG) and the two-step difference GMM Arellano & Bond estimator (D-GMM) to investigate the impacts of government debt, institutional quality, and their interaction on private investment in 36 advanced economies from 2002 through 2019. The estimated results report that government debt crowds out private investment, while institutional quality enhances it. However, their interaction crowds out it. It seems counter-intuitive. Besides, economic growth and trade openness increase private investment while inflation decreases it. These results indicate the crucial implications for central governments in advanced countries in using and managing government debt.

In computer-supported collaborative learning research, studies examining the combined effects of individual level, group level and within-group differences level measures on individual achievement are scarce. The current study addressed this by examining whether individual, group and within-group differences regarding engagement and prior knowledge predict individual achievement. Engagement was operationalised as group members' exhibited activities in the task space (i.e., discussing domain-content) and social space (i.e., regulating ideas, actions and socioemotional processes). Prior knowledge and achievement were operationalised as group members' performance on a domain-related pre-test and post-test, respectively. Data was collected for 95 triads of secondary education students collaborating on a complex business-economics problem. Subsequently, three different multilevel models were tested to examine the combined effect. First a model with the individual level measures (model 1) was tested and in subsequent models the group level measures (model 2) and within-group levels measures (model 3) were added. Findings indicate model 2 showed the best fit; group members' individual engagement in the social space activities as well as the groups' average prior knowledge positively predicts individual achievement. No effects were found for either group members' or groups' engagement in the task space and for the within-group differences.

Digital technology is emerging as one of the suitable solutions to help developing economies catch up with advanced economies in the context of globalization. Progress in digital technology promotes economic growth in developing economies because it reduces transaction costs in economic activities and improves workers’ skills and knowledge. Meanwhile, governance is the primary cause of economic growth. Therefore, this study raises a research question of whether governance significantly contributes to the digitalization – economic growth relationship in developing countries or not. For the answer, the study uses the difference GMM Arellano-Bond estimators to empirically examine the effects of digitalization, governance, and their interaction on economic growth for a group of 35 developing countries from 2006 to 2019. Then, the study applies the FE-IV estimator to check the robustness of estimates. The results indicate that digitalization and governance boost economic growth while their interaction hinders it. Furthermore, trade openness also increases economic growth. These findings suggest some crucial policy implications that governments in developing countries should establish appropriate conditions to promote digital technology so that citizens can peacefully express their views on government policies and regulations, which contributes to the economic development of the country.

The role of private hospitals is increasingly important in Vietnam. The study aims to determine associations between service quality and hospital brand image with satisfaction and patient loyalty, revisit intention at private hospitals in Vietnam. Quantitative cross-sectional data were collected from 268 patients in DaNang city, Vietnam. Scales to measure hospital service quality, hospital brand image, patient satisfaction, loyalty, and patient revisit intention were developed. The methods used to test the hypotheses of the study include exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). One notable finding in this study provides practical evidence on the relationship of hospital service quality and hospital brand image with patient satisfaction and loyalty. In addition, service quality has a direct influence on patient satisfaction and revisit intention as the indicator of patient loyalty. Meanwhile, hospital brand image has a direct influence on patient loyalty, although it did not influence patient satisfaction. Results of this study help providing the basis for the marketing and customer care programs of private hospitals in DaNang city, Vietnam.

Non-financial factors including quality of services, the flexibility of a company, utilization of resources, and market orientation are regarded as significant determinants that enhance the profitability-based performance of a service company or a hotel. The study investigated the interaction between these factors and hotel operating performance measured by the hospitality performance and results indicators. Data on 346 executives of Vietnam’s hospitality companies were collected. A structural equation modeling (SEM) method was utilized to examine the positive-direct and moderating effects of non-financial factors on hotel performance in terms of occupancy rate (OCR), average daily rate (ADR), and the revenue per available room (RevPAR). The findings showed that service quality ( = 0.118, p < 0.05), flexibility ( = 0.173, p < 0.05) and resource utilization (= 0.172, p < 0.05) positively affected the performance of Vietnam’s hospitality companies. Meanwhile, innovation showed no direct influence (p = 0.068) but an indirect impact on the performance through service quality ( = 0.311, p < 0.05). Market orientation did not impact the performance (p = 0.076) but it positively affected both innovation ( = 0.322, p < 0.05) and service quality ( = 0.146, p < 0.05). The study contributed to a theoretical enhancement of the current level of knowledge on the factors that affect the performance and developed a reliable scale for measuring the performance of hotels in Vietnam.

This paper examines the impact of earnings quality (EQ) on the Vietnam companies’ cost of debt (COD). We use data from companies listed on the Vietnam stock market from 2010 to 2019. In this paper, we develop a model to investigate the influence of audit quality and foreign ownership on COD. We find that EQ had a negative relationship with COD. However, when firm is in financial distressed, EQ has a positive relationship with COD. As an intermediate variable, EQ also has a negative relationship with COD.

This study investigated the relationship between source, receiver, review quality, review sidedness, review consistency, online credible review, reliability, intentionality, and willingness to buy the electric consumers in Vietnam. This study performed structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 427 valid respondents were used in this research. The findings indicated that sources, receiver review, review quality, review sidedness, and review consistency have positive effects on online credible review. Moreover, it found that online credible reviews had a significantly positive influence on the intentionality and reliability of brand trust. This research also illustrated that intentionality and reliability have a significant impact on willingness to buy. From academic contributions in this research, it has a variety of important indicators of online review credibility. Therefore, marketers should be mindful of the leading position played by periphery signals and focus on taking advantage of the latter to keep improving the credibility of the assessment process.

Coronavirus (COVID-19), a highly transmissible disease that poses a global danger to human populations from 2019, had a pandemic breakout in Vietnam in May 2021. A total of 311 people responded to the online survey, which had 29 questions. The causal linkages of the latent factors construct were determined using structural equation modeling (SEM). Moreover, it integrated Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to evaluate factors affecting the intention to follow of COVID-19 prevention measures. As a consequence, SEM revealed that understanding of COVID-19 has a direct impact on risk perception. Moreover, the perceived risk of COVID-19 also had significant impacts on people’s attitude and perceived behavior control. While this study discovered a positive influence of attitude and perceived behavioral control on subjective norms. Intention to follow had been significant direct effects by subjective norm, perceived risk. Thus, the current study is one of the first studies to analyze factors affecting the intention to follow COVID-19 prevention measures during the global pandemic. This study also contributes to the managers and operators of measures to prevent the spread of diseases to find appropriate methods based on the factors affecting the effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention approaches.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents and consequences of employee engagement (EE) in global research and Vietnamese business context. Design/methodology/approach: This review was conducted in the following order--an integrative review for garnering drivers and outcomes of EE in global research, followed by a narrative review for selecting variables relevant to Vietnamese businesses. Findings: In EE global research, a 3 × 3 findings framework was devised. Three antecedent clusters included the internal environment, job-related and employee-related factors. EE resulted in three outcome clusters: intra-role behaviors, extra-role behaviors and personal development and growth. In Vietnamese businesses, few studies existed on organizational learning and organizational support as EE antecedents, whereas turnover intention was examined the most as an EE outcome. Research limitations/implications: The search was limited to EE-related peer-reviewed articles in Business Source Complete and Google Scholar. Literature on Vietnam EE was restricted to ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar because of a lack of literature availability on this topic in Business Source Complete. Practical implications: Knowing that leadership, HR practices and working environment are important antecedents of EE in Vietnam (Table II) would prompt enterprise leaders and managers to improve the company's conditions for engaging its employees. This is an important finding because Vietnamese businesses are suffering increasing turnover. Creating favorable organizational support evidenced via career growth opportunities, pay and benefits, company culture, job fit and effective management will stimulate employees to stay and engage. Originality/value: This study emphasizes the organizational and employee factors in EE research and calls for combined research application to inform EE in Vietnamese businesses, thus providing ground for human resource development researchers and practitioners in their respective work.

Assessing decision-making styles of business students is crucial, particularly in China, because the government increasingly encourages business graduates to establish their own businesses as startups. The authors' aim was to employ both the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire and General Decision-Making Style measure to investigate whether differences exist in terms of decision-making styles between students with and without business experience, and whether gender is a moderating factor. The findings will assist in curriculum reform of business education in Chinese universities. More attention should be paid to training students' decision-making styles, especially the rational style for students without business experience.

The cycle of cash conversion relates to the time spread between the value of cash paid for purchases and the cash receipt from turnover. Using the State Bank of Pakistan data, this study introduces the direct and moderating role of the exchange rate, effective through the efficient execution of the cash conversion cycle between Pakistani 302 manufacturing companies from 1999–2015. Using the fixed effect as the static panel model and system GMM as a dynamic panel, it is observed that the exchange rate plays an authoritative moderating role between the cash conversion cycle and the financial performance. Results of the investigation have shown that in static panel analysis with the cash conversion period, the exchange rate has a positive and substantial moderating effect on return on assets and return on equity whereas that ER has a major negative impact on return on assets and return on equity using dynamic panel data analysis GMM. The issue of endogeneity in the static panel is addressed using the advanced approach of the standard error of the panel correction standard error method that changed the position of the significance of the moderator variable. Observers, therefore, intend to evaluate the fluctuations in the exchange rate as one of the variables of the financial output moderator in the context of current metrics such as asset’s returns, equity’s returns and gain more practical expression within their investigated results.

TechMath is a professional development program that forms collaborations among businesses, colleges, and schools for the purpose of promoting Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers. TechMath has provided strategies for creating highquality professional development by bringing together teachers, students, and business partners to allow teachers to design Problem-Based Learning (PBL) modules. Teachers reported that their participation enhanced their understanding of business applications for mathematics and science instruction. Results from surveys, questionnaires, and focus group sessions prompted recommendations for researchers, administrators, and practitioners interested in preparing students for STEM careers.

This study aims to investigate the relationship among performance risk, safety risk, social risk, psychological risk, satisfaction, and intention to use Grab in Vietnam. Validated measurements were identified from a literature review. A convenience sample of 276 respondents was collected through online and offline survey. It was then analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS software. A reliability test, EFA, CFA and SEM were implemented. The results of this study indicate a negative relationship between safety risk and satisfaction and intention to use Grab cars. In addition, passengers’ satisfaction influenced intentions to use Grab cars. However, performance risk and social risk show no effect on satisfaction and intentions to use Grab service. The main contribution of this study is to create a framework of the effect of perceived risk types on intention to use Grab cars. The users care about their own safety and information security. In addition, the issue of said psychological risk is important because consumers are concerned about health and infectious diseases.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine various configurations leading to job satisfaction (JS) in Mongolian private companies through five typical factors: perceived mission statement quality (MSQ), romanticism management philosophy (RMP), psychological ethical climate (PEC), ethical ambiguity (EA), and emotional competence (EC). Method: This study conducts a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) with 202 private sector employees in Mongolia. The current study comes up with three propositions, and the research procedure is divided into two stages. This new approach produces configurations sufficiently, leading to outcomes, equifinality, and conjunction. Findings: This study explores six pathways leading to employee satisfaction. Each pathway consists of the combination of perceived mission statement quality, romanticism management philosophy, psychological ethical climate, low tendency of ethical ambiguity, and managers’ emotional competence. Among those, managers’ emotional competence is a core condition for high job satisfaction. Implications: Our findings suggest that to satisfy employees, managers’ emotional competence plays a vital role in building sufficient conditions that lead to the desired outcomes. Thus, professional development and training are required to maintain and improve managers’ competence. Originality/value: This study introduces a fresh theoretical perspective for understanding cause-effect relationships between critical conditions and job satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore creativity and how it changes over time among engineering students in practice-based entrepreneurship in higher education. This change was examined in students over a one-semester course in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship courses that use creativity tools for practice-based learning are expected to develop creativity as a learning outcome. This study discusses the extent to which some learning outcomes are more easily developed than others. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a longitudinal design by applying a pre- and post-test survey. The student population consists of engineering students enrolled in an entrepreneurship course with practice-based learning involving creativity tools. The course includes team-based idea generation and business model development. To measure actual changes in students' creativity, two measures were used to reflect different aspects. Findings: The results show that students' ability to perform creative tasks increased, while students' willingness to engage in and their enjoyment of creative tasks decreased as a result of the course. Non-significant differences in changes were found between the two measures, but a difference was found in how the two measures changed during the course. In line with the research question, the results suggest that education may influence ability to a greater extent than willingness. Originality/value: The research used two different creativity measures to explore the extent to which engineering students experienced a change in creativity over a one-semester entrepreneurship course. In this way, the research contributes to the discussion on what could be learnt and by what means.

Purpose: The research aims to investigate the individual quality management (QM) factors impact on business performance in manufacturing firms. We then assess their influence and look at how industry 4.0 affects business performance directly. Furthermore, the study will demonstrate the moderate effect of industry 4.0 on the interaction between QM and business performance. Methodology/Approach: The authors used two methodologies. The first is qualitative methods, by interviewing experts to develop a realistically appropriate model. The second is quantitative methods, by carrying out the survey and getting 84 observations. This research used the multivariate data analysis technique PLS-SEM to evaluate three measurement models: formative measurement model, reflective measurement model, and structural model. Findings: The QM was operationalised as a multi–dimensional construct. According to the findings, these individual QM factors significantly affect the organisation’s performance, including customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and quality performance. Besides, QM and Industry 4.0 have directly impact on performance. The study also shows that industry 4.0 has a positive moderating role in the relationship between QM and business performance. Research Limitation/Implication: The survey was only done in emerging countries and the sample size is limited. There are other QM and business performance measurement parameters that have not yet to be discussed. Originality/Value of paper: The study contributes to the QM literature by building a business quality model, in which the role of Industry 4.0 was explored.

The paper explores the impact of uncertainty on bank liquidity hoarding, particularly providing new insights on the nature of the impact by bank-level heterogeneity. We consider the cross-sectional dispersion of shocks to key bank variables to estimate uncertainty in the banking sector and include all banking items to construct a comprehensive measure of bank liquidity hoarding. Using a sample of Vietnamese banks during 2007–2019, we document that banks tend to increase total liquidity hoarding in response to higher uncertainty; this pattern is still valid for on- and off-balance sheet liquidity hoarding. Further analysis with bank-level heterogeneity indicates that the impact of banking uncertainty on liquidity hoarding is significantly stronger for weaker banks, i. e., banks that are smaller, more poorly capitalized, and riskier. In testing the “search for yield” hypothesis to explain the linkage between uncertainty and bank liquidity hoarding, we do not find it to be the case. Our findings remain extremely robust after multiple robustness tests.

Covid-19 pandemic is affecting the health of the public, and it is also impacting business and economy. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on listed firms’ performance and the abnormal stock returns in Vietnam. To study the impact of Covid-19 on firms’ performance, we collected data about announced earnings on Q1/2020 and Q4/2019 of 714 enterprises and made comparison. The results revealed the enormous impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on the business performance. However, the level of influence varies among sectors. To study the impact of Covid-19 on the abnormal stock returns, the study employed the event research method with 3 events related to Covid-19 pandemic in Vietnam. A sample of 364 companies listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) was utilized. The findings revealed that the Covid-19 event affects the abnormal returns of stocks and the level of influence varied from each stage of Covid-19 prevention measure in Vietnam. The degrees of influence of the Covid-19 event on each stock were also different. The paper concluded that Covid-19 pandemic information can be used to predict stocks’ prices.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the exchange rate pass-through into inflation (ERPT) in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines and analyzes the ERPT in Vietnam by applying vector autoregression model over the period 2008‒2018. Findings – The key finding of the research is that from the impulse response results, the transmission of exchange rate shocks to inflation is significant in Vietnam, and this is incomplete exchange rate pass-through. Moreover, the evidence from variance decompositions argues that exchange rate is an important factor to explain the fluctuation of inflation. Originality/value – In overall, the depreciation or appreciation of exchange rate in Vietnam will considerably impact inflation.

The profitability of tourism industry is affected by several factors due to the specificity of tourism business activities such as the season, resources, geographic position, state and local policy, etc. Therefore, determining the groups of factors that affect the profitability and profitability ratios in tourism business activities helps to give synchronous solutions to improve the efficiency of tourism business. This study is based on a survey on the factors affecting the profitability through the questionnaires and interviews of 115 tourist enterprises in BinhDinh, Vietnam. The study conducts Cronbach’s Alpha and EFA analysis to determine groups of influencing factors and building regression functions of factors affecting the profitability ratios in tourist enterprises in BinhDinh province, Vietnam. Based on the EFA analysis results, the study has found two main types of fac-tors affecting the profitability of enterprises; namely within and outside the firms. The group of fac-tors within the enterprise includes 3 small groups; namely financial capacity; Enterprise human re-sources and Enterprise leadership. The external factors include 4 small groups including tourism business market; travel space and support services; political institutions; infrastructure and tourism security. The effects of these factors on financial figures are also represented in regression form.

This paper examines empirical evidence on the impact of financial distress on tax avoidance of 369 listed companies in Vietnam over the 2008–2020 period. Empirical results show the existence of a positive relationship between financial distress and tax avoidance for survey companies. In particular, the more the company is in danger of capital, the more tax avoidance it will take. The results also show that small companies will tend to avoid taxes more. Companies use debt leverage as a tax shield to help them reduce their tax obligations. Companies with large long-term assets are less likely to avoid taxes than companies with little long-term assets. And finally, the study also shows that the more the company has a big difference in book-tax, the more tax avoidance activities it will implement.

This study was conducted to investigate the determinants of bank’s stability in an emerging country. Data were collected from the commercial banks listed on Vietnam’s Stock Exchanges over the years from 2010 to 2018. Further, the generalized method of moments (GMM) regression technique to control for the three sources of endogeneity, namely, unobserved heterogeneity, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity are concerned. Results demonstrate that there exists a positive effect from banking sector indicators such as equity-to-asset ratio, bank size, loans-to-assets ratio, revenue diversification on the stability of bank. In addition, a possible finding deals with the positive influence of macroeconomic factors in the banking sector on bank’s stability. Another possibility, bank’s stability in the previous year often goes hand in hand with this of the current year. Further investigated on every presence of foreign investment in the banking system, total assets- based foreign investment also correlates positively with bank’s stability. Finally, a negative effect from market share of mobilized capital, loan loss provisions, market structure on bank’s stability can be found.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of ownership structure on stock price synchronicity in Vietnam stock market. The research has been conducted with a sample of all of those companies listed on Vietnam stock market from 2007 to 2017 and used the multivariate regression method with array data sets. The research findings have shown that in Vietnam, stock price synchronicity is mainly caused by general information of the whole market. In addition, the paper has pointed out that a negative relationship exists between the ownership of large shareholders, the ownership of foreign investors and the stock price synchronicity and that there is a positive relationship between state ownership and the stock price synchronicity. The research findings have indicated more clearly the phenomenon of stock price synchronicity in a developing country and offered corporate executives several important implications to limit synchronicity and enhance the informativeness in the company’s stock price.

This study aims to check whether ownership structure affects Vietnamese commercial banks' profitability or not and identify factors influencing Vietnamese commercial banks' profitability as well. Utilizing the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) model applying for 21 commercial banks in the period 2010-2017, the authors found that bank ownership is statistically significant and the sign of the correlation coefficient is negative, indicating that state-owned commercial banks are less efficient than other commercial banks. Also, the empirical findings show that there are some factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks in Vietnam such as credit risk, capital adequacy ratio, cost-income ratio, staff expenses, and asset growth rate, where credit risk and cost-income ratio have a negative relation to banks' profitability. Keywords: Bank profitability, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA), Commercial, Ownership structure, Vietnam JEL Classifications: G15, G21, G28 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9760

This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived crowding, excitement, stress on satisfaction, and impulse purchase at the retails in Vietnam. This study performed structural equation modelling (SEM). A total of 264 valid respondents were used in this research. Besides, this study systematized the concept, defined, and test the component scales of the relationship model among perceived crowding, excitement, stress, satisfaction, and impulse purchase from the collected data, which helps to identify the relationship among factors in the model as well as impact. The findings indicate that the perceptions of human and spatial crowding have a negative influence on customer satisfaction leading to their impulse purchase decision. This belief is advocated by the existence of human emotional reactions to customer satisfaction. In detail, exciting reactions positively impact on shoppers’ satisfied feelings; by contrast, stress is negatively related to customers’ satisfaction. In other words, shoppers intend to be more excited and less stressed in retail who could facilitate a low level of spatial crowding and appropriate physical arrangements of fixtures.

The Covid-19 outbreak has turned out an opportunity for a recent noticeable increase in online shopping in Vietnam. Hence, this paper aims to discover how online shoppers react to their purchasing behaviour during Covid-19 time in terms of perceived benefits perspective. Based on the collected data from 427 Vietnamese online respondents during the social distancing period due to Covid-19, the research analyses the role of Covid-19 as a moderator variable in the relationship between benefits perception of the consumer and their online shopping activity. The result shows Covid-19 plays a moderating role in consumer’s awareness of utilities, which encourages shoppers towards Online shopping. However, the affection of society could be a reason that consumers become more hesitant to shop online. In the meanwhile, awareness of the Covid-19 pandemic and marketing policies do not impact on online shopping significantly during the Covid-19 pandemic which is a conflict with previous researches. These findings can contribute to understanding consumer behaviour comprehensively, help companies deal with similar situation as well as recommendations for the government to support businesses effectively in the future.

There is a global demand for talented managers and leaders. To meet this demand, higher education institutions are developing talent programs. However, international perception of talent is diffuse. In this study, our profile of highly talented international business professionals was internationally validated by 172 participants, representing East Asia and Western Europe. Results indicate consensus on three domains: communicating, achieving results, and seeing patterns and interrelationships in a global context. Strikingly, diverse country-specific interpretations of the accompanying behaviors were observed. The findings contribute to the talent literature and offer insights for educational practitioners when developing competence frameworks for talent or professionalization programs.

This article is concerned with the emergence of the science-business (SB) profession and the role of the SB professional (SBP) in both academia and business. Transferring science to markets can take a variety of routes depending on the stage of development and the people and skill sets involved. An SBP may co-develop opportunities for exploitation as part of a team in a university or in the business world in a spin-off or a mature company. In both settings, the SBP connects with scientists and co-develops knowledge or technology into an exploitable commodity. The need for this type of professional was the starting point for a new curriculum: a 3-year bachelor's programme in science, business and innovation that integrates fundamental sciences (physics, chemistry, mathematics), life and health sciences, energy and sustainability sciences, business/social sciences, innovation and entrepreneurship. The authors provide the context and rationale for the development of the programme and discuss how it meets its objective to address a critical skills need in both academic and business sectors.

The purpose of this article was to describe the process followed to segment middle of the pyramid consumers (MOP) according to their dining experience needs and influencing variables when dining out at different restaurants. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the study as data were collected from 18 interviews and 363 participants selected from full-service restaurants in Gauteng province. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed eight dining factors: restaurant health, service, accessibility, food, atmosphere, layout, food health and social. Non-hierarchical cluster analysis using the K-means clustering procedure was used to segment MOP consumers according to their dining needs. The results suggested three types of segments, namely Young family diners, Time saver diners and Experience seeker diners. Each segment was profiled according to three variables: demographics, influencing factors (reason for dining, dining companion and choice of restaurant) and eight dining experience factors. The relationship between these three variables differed between the three segments. This research indicated dining experience needs of MOP consumer segments. The contribution of this study is unique in that it is the first investigation of the dining needs of MOP consumers and the factors that are important to these consumers when choosing a dining experience in the context of different types of restaurant.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristics of talent in relation to international business to facilitate selection and development of talent in human resources (HR) and human resource development (HRD). Design/methodology/approach: A mixed method design was used: focus groups with business professionals to identify the characteristics of highly talented international business professionals (HTIBP), resulting in a concept profile; Delphi study for validation; systematic comparison of the open coding results to existing literature to identify characteristics of talent. Findings: A specific and concise profile of HTIBP has been developed. This profile has five domains: achieving results; communicating; innovating; self-reflecting; seeing patterns and interrelationships in a global context. From literature cross-referencing, we have identified innovating, being creative and having a drive to achieve results are most distinguishing for HTIBP. Practical implications: The paper facilitates an ongoing discussion about what constitutes talent, and offers new perspectives for companies to consider when selecting and developing talent. Originality/value: The conceptual contribution of the paper offers a fresh and practical empirical perspective on what talent entails.

Serious gaming is one of the newest developments in the world of learning and is gaining increasing attention within the business environment. Although many practitioners claim that serious gaming has more impact on demonstrated behaviour of trainees when compared to common presentations, little evidence exists. In this paper, the authors present an experiment that builds a foundation for proving that serious gaming is more effective than presentations in ensuring people demonstrate a specific set of behaviours within a training setting. The experiment involved addressing the same content a number of times by either holding a presentation or playing a serious game. Consequently, participants' behaviour was measured within a business simulation environment. Results demonstrate that experiencing failure is an important element of learning and that most learning occurs during a game debriefing when participants reflect on their experiences. The importance of learning elements like goal setting, feedback and challenge is demonstrated as well.