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Over the past 20 years, we observed an increasing demand of precise and reliable experimental nuclear data in a number of scientific research fields like nuclear astrophysics, basic nuclear physics, nuclear medicine, geoscience, super heavy element research, and others. This demand induces also in an increasing number of requests for high-quality sample material in sufficient amounts and well-known isotopic composition, manufactured in a shape suitable for the specific envisaged application. The desired samples very often represent or contain rare radioactive isotopes, which are very exotic and available in limited amounts only. In dependence on their activity and/or dose rate, the handling of such samples can be extremely challenging. Thus, only a handful of laboratories worldwide are allowed and capable to work with this kind of material. Correspondingly high is the number of requests and waiting lists for sample and target preparation, even if the isotope itself is available in sufficient amounts.

Purpose Autologous blood donation is not routinely recommended for all cases of orthognathic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors for blood loss during bimaxillary osteotomies that might indicate preoperative blood donation. Patients and Methods In a prospective study, 127 consecutive patients undergoing bimaxillary surgery within a 14-month period were examined for hemoglobin and hematocrit reduction. Possible factors for intraoperative blood loss such as operating time, application of hydroxyethyl starch in segmental osteotomies, experience of the surgeon, and additional procedures (genioplasty, malar osteotomy, iliac crest graft) were statistically analyzed. Results The experience of the surgeon had no influence on the blood loss. Operating time and Quick value correlated significantly with hemoglobin and hematocrit drop after surgery. There was no difference between 1-piece maxilla cases with or without additional procedures and segmental maxilla cases without additional procedures. Only for the group of patients with segmental osteotomies and additional procedures was a significant higher blood loss found. Two patients (1.6%) received 1 unit of blood. Conclusion For patients undergoing bimaxillary osteotomies with segmentation of the maxilla and additional procedures, a preoperative donation of autologous blood should be considered.