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Traditional fresh Turrialba cheese was originally manufactured in Santa Cruz de Turrialba, Costa Rica. The sensory identity of this product was uncertain until now. This work describes the sensory diversity of fresh cheeses sold as Turrialba cheese and defines the sensory profile of the traditional product. Samples (22) were analysed using a generic quantitative descriptive analysis by 10 panellists. From the quantitative descriptive sensory analysis, a cluster containing only samples of the traditional product was found. The profile and intensity of the sensory characteristics of this group distinguished Turrialba cheese from other similar products, showing that sensory identity is an important factor for protection of this traditional food. Universidad de Costa Rica/[735-B4-300]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de Tecnología de Alimentos

Vojvodina Province (Northern Serbia) represents a multicultural area inhabited by around thirty nations and national or ethnic groups with their authentic tradition and culture. The gastronomy of Vojvodina has been forming as a reflection of geographic characteristics—natural conditions and social events in this area. The life numerous nations share on this fertile soil of Vojvodina has initiated mutual impact of various customs, which contributed to the creation of a unique and specific Vojvodina cuisine. In this paper, mixed-method research approach was applied. The application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was preceded by a survey research on the sample of 289 guests in the restaurants on the territory of Vojvodina. The aim of the research was to define the key motives when choosing a traditional Vojvodina dish. In the second stage, AHP model was used for ranking factors significant for choosing traditional food by 29 experts in the field of hospitality and gastronomy. The result shows that Sensory appeal is the most important criterion for choosing traditional food in restaurants by the experts, followed by Health concern, and Familiarity.

Background For the Syilx Okanagan Nation in Canada, salmon has vital nutritional, cultural, and spiritual significance. Yet, the Okanagan Sockeye salmon population came to near extinction, resulting in a drastic decline in salmon consumption from high historical levels. Thus, restoring and protecting salmon is crucial to Syilx well-being and way of life. A Syilx-led food sovereignty initiative re-established the Okanagan Sockeye salmon population, which has resulted in a rise in fish harvesting. The aim of this study was to assess whether engaging with this initiative was associated with health, well-being, and cultural connectedness (i.e., degree to which one is integrated in their culture) among Syilx adults. Eating Okanagan Sockeye salmon was conceptualized as a proxy for engaging with this Indigenous food sovereignty initiative. Methods 265 Syilx adults completed a survey including a traditional food frequency questionnaire and questions on health status (e.g., BMI, self-assessed physical health), well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, stress levels), and cultural connectedness (e.g., sense of belonging, importance of cultural practices). Participants were divided into 3 groups based on their wild salmon eating during the year prior to the survey: (1) adults who ate Okanagan Sockeye salmon, (2) adults who ate salmon but did not usually know the species of the salmon they ate, or who solely ate salmon that were not Okanagan Sockeye; and (3) adults who did not eat any salmon. Results A statistically significant gradient was observed for enhanced well-being and cultural connectedness, with individuals in group 1 having better indicators than those in group 2, and adults in groups 1 and 2 having better indicators than adults in group 3. No differences were observed in physical health outcomes between the three groups. Conclusion Findings suggest that the initiative to re-establish Okanagan Sockeye salmon in the Okanagan River system may have led to better well-being and cultural connectedness among Syilx adults. This study highlights the importance of Indigenous food sovereignty as a way to enhance well-being and cultural connectedness among First Nations in Canada. Findings also reinforce the importance of assessing health and well-being in a wholistic way in Indigenous health research.

This research was conducted in Surabaya and took-up coworking areas in three coworking space business models, namely: coworking satu atap business model, coworking Sub.co, and coworking NIN3 Space. The purpose of this research which is to find out how the strategy in targeting market segments in the coworking space business. This study used a qualitative approach, and the data collection methods used were observation, interviews,documentation and also using triangulation. The results showed that the three co-working spaces aimed the same target such as start-up businessmen, groups of young people, employees, and communities, the three co-working spaces also prioritize maximum customer service. The facilities provided by the three of them are the same as services in a co-working space according to Leforestier (2009). The difference is that one-stop coworking performs a product differentiation strategy, which is to provide traditional food, including sego duro and tahu tek. In line with Tjiptono's theory, which states that differentiated marketing is that companies promote a number of products with various marketing mixes, that is designed to satisfy several market segments, so that the opportunity to satisfy the specific needs of each segment becomes greater. So that in coworking satu atap with the existence of marketing differentiation, through sego duro and tahu tek products, the market segment opportunities becomes wider. With so many cafes and coffee shops, although they are not the same, they also need to be considered, by presenting creativity and innovation so that they are not knocked down by competition

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of meal experience of foreign tourists on satisfaction and loyalty when consuming traditional food in Bali.The choice of traditional Balinese food is traditional food using Balinese spices called Base Genep with the main course category.The purpose of this study also explores the meal experience of tourists consuming traditional food in tourist destinations is expected to provide satisfaction and can lead to loyalty to the destination itself in relation with The Island of Bali as a world tourist destination offers many choices of traditional food for tourists, especially foreign tourists. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses quantitative analysis, structural equation model (SEM-AMOS) which is followed by the interpretation of the research results to answer 3 hypotheses.In building a loyalty model for foreign tourists consumed traditional food in Bali, confirms the concept of meal experience with five dimensions are food quality, service quality, atmosphere, cleanliness and hygiene, and price, which is combined with the Triangle Concept of Indonesian Gastronomy with a storytelling dimension, including from previous research on local culinary in a tourist destination.This study involved 332 respondents using accidental sampling techniques through four culinary tourism activities in Bali namely festival, food tour, cooking class, and homestay, at five locations in Bali province namely Denpasar City, Badung, Gianyar, Bangli, and Buleleng Regency. Findings: The meal experience of foreign tourists consuming traditional Balinese food has a significant effect on tourist satisfaction and also tourist loyalty.And the satisfaction of foreign tourists consuming traditional Balinese food has a positive and significant effect on the loyalty of foreign tourists.The highest direct effect on the effect of meal experience is foreign tourists satisfaction, then the influence between foreign tourists satisfaction on foreign tourists loyalty, and finally the influence between-meal experience and foreign tourists loyalty.The study finding a new loyalty model for foreign tourists consuming traditional food in Bali destinations with a storytelling indicator as a novelty.The results of this study will provide theoretical implications in enriching consumer behavior theory and product development concepts, as well as further research in the future. Research limitations/implications: The study is due to the respondent only foreign tourists not including domestic tourists, the findings cannot be generalized to the whole population of tourists visiting Bali.Future research can survey tourists domestic and in different areas in Bali to have wider coverage.Meanwhile, the practical implications for culinary stakeholders in Bali are in improving the quality of the tourists meal experience and in developing culinary tourism in Bali as a whole.

American Indian tribes historically survived on hunting, gathering, and farming activities. As federal policy changed, reservations were estab­lished, which limited some of these hunting and gathering activities. Nevada is home to Washoe, Shoshone, and Paiute American Indians. There are 19 federally recognized American Indian tribes with 27 reservations and colonies geographically dispersed across the state of Nevada. Several of these reservations are near Nevada’s small, rural towns where access to fruits and vegetables is lim­ited. Often, the residents of small rural towns next to the reservation are unaware of the tribal cultural history. University of Nevada Cooperative Exten­sion created an elementary nutrition education pro­gram called Veggies for Kids, for use in reservation schools and off-reservation schools under the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program–Education (SNAP-Ed). The Veggies for Kids program utilizes tradi­tional foods, tribal language, and gardening experi­ences as building blocks to introduce healthy eating and increase fruit and vegetable intake among ele­mentary students. For the 2017–2018 school year, pre- and post-test data were collected from 45 American Indian kindergarten students attending schools on reservations and 486 kindergarten stu­dents in off-reservation schools located next to a reservation. Methods of data analysis included descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, and nonparametric McNemar testing. Results from the kindergarten data showed an increase in test scores of students correctly identifying USDA’s MyPlate food groups, naming selected fruits and vegetables provided during the program, self-reporting water consumption, and selecting physical activity. Cumulative student test scores for all kindergarten data were statistically significant at p-value

Background Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is the top dietary source of iron and several micronutrients necessary for red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the contemporary diet of Inuit adults across Canada. Many caribou populations across the circumpolar north, however, have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades. Restricted access to caribou may negatively impact the nutrition and health of Inuit communities. Methods We used data from the Inuit Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey of 2550 Inuit adults in thirty-six communities across northern Canada (conducted in 2007–2008) to examine the relationship between caribou consumption, hemoglobin (Hb), and blood biomarkers of nutrient intake and contaminant exposure. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the potential public health impact of a theoretical restriction in caribou consumption, by estimating the response of Hb concentrations (and the attendant change in anemia prevalence), to theoretical changes in caribou consumption (with and without substitution of caribou with other country food meat). Results Mean (95% CI) daily caribou meat consumption differed by an order of magnitude 4.3 (3.9–4.7), 51.1 (48.5-53.8), and 236.7 (224.7–248.7) grams/day between tertiles of caribou consumption. Mean (95% CI) hemoglobin levels increased from 129.1 (128.1–130.2) g/L to 132.5 (131.3–133.7) g/L between the highest and lowest tertiles of caribou consumption. In multivariable regression analyses, average daily caribou meat consumption was positively associated (P

Globalization leads to modernizing food habits and the substitution of the traditional foods by industrialized foods in the diets of Europeans is constantly growing. The main factor shaping the demand for traditional, regional and ecological food is its availability, price and ecological awareness of the society. Polish consumers are increasingly turning to traditional and organic food, perceiving it as healthier, safer and tastier than commercial industrialized food. In the European Union Protected Designation of Origin, Protected Geographical Indication, Traditional Specialities Guaranteed promote and protect the names of agricultural products and foodstuffs since 1992. The main factor limiting demand for traditional, regional and organic food is its high price, hence the market for these products should be shaped, inter alia, by protecting and promoting products and highlighting their high health and taste values.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the innovation capacity and relationship quality of micro-enterprises with its stakeholders. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is an exploratory and single-case study that uses an in-depth interview with the owner of one traditional food micro-enterprise (TFME) in Yogyakarta City (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia). Findings: The results determined that there are four types of relationships between a TFME and its stakeholders: supplier, internal, customer, and lateral partnerships. We further identify antecedents of relationship quality: opportunistic behavior, reputation, customer orientation, relationship orientation, conflicts, product quality, and knowledge and skills. The research further found that conflicts, relationship quality, product quality, knowledge and skills, and owner’s age can affect the innovation capacity of a TFME. Implications/Originality/Value: Theoretically, the findings provide support for the development of relationship marketing theory. Practically, this study is valuable for TFMEs to build relationship quality with stakeholders and innovation capacity.

Simple Summary Consumer’s awareness of milk quality has been largely increased by real food safety scares, environmental issues, and the effects of food on health. Consumers are asking about how the cows were fed and treated. In this framework, despite their appearing to be copious research in the current literature on milk, the consumer acceptance of hay milk in Italy is largely unexplored. Using a structured questionnaire, we found that aspects such as curiosity, the production place of food, the local culinary traditions, label, and environmental issues play an important role in the people’s consumption intentions for milk from hay-fed cows. This study could provide useful implications for food manufacturers and facilitate the design of marketing strategies for hay milk produced in the Centre and South of Italy. Abstract Central and South Italy are characterized by small-scale dairy farms and growing abandonment by farmers for other, better-paid, off-farm jobs. New marketing concepts for milk can be one solution to remunerate mountain farmers for their efforts. This study investigates the potential market for hay milk in Italy. In particular, we want to understand which variables drive the people’s willingness to consume hay milk, and if the European food quality certification schemes impact on people’s willingness to consume milk from hay-fed cows. Data were collected from a sample of consumers from Central and South Italy (n = 331) using a web-based survey. Later, a discrete choice probit model was applied. The main results indicate that aspects as curiosity, the production place of food, the local culinary traditions, label, and environmental issues play an important role in the people’s consumption intentions for milk from hay-fed cows. Moreover, the survey highlights that the respondents had positive opinion towards hay milk and highlighted some important marketing implications for the Italian milk sector. The study findings could encourage discussion about a niche market to boost local growth, initiating a process of improving livelihoods, certification of products, and use of the marketing tools addressed towards a specific milk consumer’s profile. In other words, the study could provide useful implications for food manufacturers and facilitate the design of marketing strategies for hay milk produced in Central and South Italy.

Background: Heritage food has gained attention and recognition by locals as a cultural identity and by tourists as a new food experience. Two important intrinsic quality attributes of heritage food encompass safety and authenticity. As heritage food dishes are prepared in foodservice establishment, it entails requirements on ensuring safety and authenticity of heritage food. Scope and approach: The study aims to conceptualise heritage food and identify risk factors that may compromise safety and authenticity. A semi-structured literature review was conducted to explain the heritage dimensions and to evaluate multiple food concepts relating to heritage to define the heritage food concept. Furthermore, risk factors were inferred from the literature that could compromise the safety and authenticity of heritage food. Key findings and conclusions: Three main heritage dimensions identified from literature are legacy, people and place. Based on the evaluation against the three heritage dimensions, traditional food was mostly linked to the legacy and place dimensions. Ethnic food was typically related to the dimensions people and legacy, whereas for local food the dimension place was most dominant. Literature showed that all dimensions seem to be relevant for heritage food, but the number of definitions available in the literature is still limited. Therefore, it is not yet clear if all dimensions are equally important. Furthermore, a framework was developed with the identified authenticity risk factors, which originated from literature about ethnic, local and traditional food. The identified safety risk factors are common in the foodservice sector. The framework needs to be further validated through studies with stakeholders in heritage food production.

Background: Intangible cultural heritage includes knowledge and skills transmitted throughout times, and this also applies to the food sector. Traditional knowledge assumes important social and economic value, which is relevant both for sectorial clusters as well as for majority social groups. Scope and approach: The objective of this review was to analyse the constraints and motivations for development in the sector of traditional foods, from the point of view of marketing and consumer trends. This review was based on published works searched for in scientific databases, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus and web of Science. Key findings and conclusions: This review showed that the value of tradition, recognized in many sectors of society, is also important in the food sector, which is particularly rich in ethnical elements, local ingredients, traditional formulations and social aspects, linked not only to the food itself but also to the act of eating and sharing. However, the food industry seeks development of new products that follow modern trends and are able to conquer today’s consumers, while at the same time maintaining the identity of specific products, valued as traditional. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Inuit communities in the Circumpolar North have experienced a nutrition transition characterized by the decreased intake of culturally important, nutrient-rich traditional food (country food), and an increased intake of market food, resulting in concerns over reduced diet quality and emerging chronic diseases. Nutrition in early life is critical for development, may influence health risks in later life, and is an important concern for Inuit community health. The goal of this scoping review was to characterize the nature, extent, and range of the published literature on Inuit country food and health in pregnancy and childhood. A search string was developed and applied to three databases, followed by title and abstract screening and full text review. Articles published between 1995 and 2019 were included, and data were extracted and summarized descriptively. The number of articles generally increased over time, despite the unequal geographic distribution of articles. The majority of the articles focused on environmental contaminants, and one-quarter described nutrient adequacy. Few articles described food security or food safety in pregnancy, and the most utilized quantitative methods. Gaps in understanding of country food use in pregnancy and early childhood highlight areas of future research to support public health policy for this population. Given the critical role of good nutrition in early life and the important contribution country food makes to diet quality for Inuit, further understanding of this interface is warranted.

Over the last 20 years, we have witnessed worldwide a renewed interest in local food products and traditional cuisine. Addressing this demand, the catering industry has played a pivotal role in reviving local food heritage and traditions. While several studies have explored the evolution of this trend in Europe, little attention has been given to this phenomenon in contemporary Africa. To partially fill this gap in the literature, we conducted an ethnographic study to investigate the role of the catering sector in recovering and promoting food and gastronomic heritage in Nakuru County, an emerging Kenyan agricultural and tourist hub. Specifically, we aimed at understanding the main drivers behind the offering and demand for traditional ingredients and recipes. Fieldwork was conducted through the analysis of 41 restaurants and hotels, and data collection was completed through semi-structured interviews with 51 professionals, including owners, food and beverage managers, and chefs. We reported 33 recipes and ingredients tied to Kenyan culinary traditions. Some differences in the role of Kenyan cuisine emerged, with the differentiation mostly linked to the customer profiles. In particular, attention toward traditional foods was more accentuated in restaurants aimed at middle- and high-income Kenyan customers and for specific products namely African leafy vegetables and indigenous chicken, locally known askuku kienyeji. Concurrently, we discovered that the inclusion of these products on the restaurant menus implied an incipient localization of the food supply chains based on self-production or direct commercial relationships with small-scale producers. The research highlighted how the relaunch of traditional food and cuisine develops from a demand for healthy and natural products rather than a search for cultural authenticity. Based on the specificities of the local market, this fosters the creation of alternative supply strategies to cope with the poor quality of ingredients, price fluctuations, and discontinuity of the supply. In this sense, the research suggests also considering tangible factors linked to the technological and logistical conditions of the trade and safety of food to understand the drivers behind the rediscovery of local and traditional foods.

Eating behaviors and food consumption motivations have been important research topics in consumer, nutrition, and food literature. This study aims to examine the impact of some key factors (i.e., nationalism, materialism, cultural values, and promotion focus) on the consumption of traditional food and fast food in an emerging market. Using a sample data of 691 urban consumers in China, results of structural equation modeling reveal that nationalism appears to be an important predictor of traditional personal value, while materialism is a major factor that enhances modern personal value. Additionally, promotion focus has a positive mediating effect on the relationship between traditional personal value and traditional food purchase intention and that between modern personal value and fast food purchase intention. Notably, the total effect of modern personal value on fast food purchase intention is stronger than the total impact of traditional personal value on traditional food purchase intention. This study provides fresh insights into motivations for traditional food and fast food consumption in China and have important implications for food marketers and policymakers who aim at promoting favorable eating behaviors.

Introduction and objective Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic and genotoxic food contaminant occurring in carbohydrate-rich foods produced at high cooking temperatures. The aim of the study was to determine the importance of AA exposure with respect to traditional food and to assess the associated risks. Material and methods 165 food samples were collected from local markets in Lesser Poland. The participants enrolled in the study were 500 residents: (males – 179, females – 321) who had purchased food from local markets. Exposure of the participants to AA was assessed by combining the analytical AA results with data on the individual consumption of traditional foods. Risk assessment of AA exposure from traditional foods was estimated and the margin of exposure (MOE) values were calculated. Results The highest mean AA level was measured in pretzels (92 µg kg −1 ), followed by bagels (74.81 µg kg −1 ) and pork paté (59.56 µg kg −1 ). The average and 95th percentile values of AA exposure were 0.213 and 0.458 [µg kg −1 body weight (BW) day −1 ]. The calculated values of MOE for the average [798 and 2,019 for both benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) 0.17 and 0.43 mg kg −1 BW day −1 ] and 95th percentile AA exposure values (371 and 939 for both BMDL 0.17and 0.43 mg kg −1 BW day −1 ) suggest that there is a health concern with respect to adult residents. Conclusions The results of the study confirm the general recommendation to the consumers, especially certain population groups, to eat a balanced healthy diet and to limit the amount of baked cereal products and fried products.

In Canada, store-bought food constitutes the majority of First Nations (FN) people&rsquo, s diets, however, their traditional foods (TF, wild fish, game, fowl, and plants) remains vital for their health. This study compares health indicators and diet quality among 265 Syilx Okanagan adults according to whether or not they reported eating TF during a 24-h dietary recall. Three methods assessed diet quality: nutrient intakes and adequacy, Healthy Eating Index (HEI-C), and contributions of ultra-processed products (UPP) to %energy using the NOVA classification. Fifty-nine participants (22%) reported eating TF during the dietary recall, TF contributed to 13% of their energy intake. There were no significant differences in weight status or prevalence of chronic disease between TF eaters and non-eaters. TF eaters had significantly higher intakes of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fibre, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, niacin, riboflavin, and vitamins B6, B12, D, and E than non-eaters. TF eaters also had significantly better diet quality based on the HEI-C and the %energy from UPP. Findings support that TF are critical contributors to the diet quality of FN individuals. Strength-based FN-led interventions, such as Indigenous food sovereignty initiatives, should be promoted to improve access to TF and to foster TF consumption.

This study explored the effects of food transmission activities among the Malay ethnic’s food knowledge and the generation practice. Mother and daughter were selected as an informant in this study. All information analyzed using thematic analysis. Commercialization of ingredients, convenience food products, economy, educational level and lifestyles apparently reduced the practices of Malay traditional foods among the young generations. Mothers, in particular, can play a significant role in preserving the practice of Malay traditional foods. Parents should ensure that the traditional food knowledge is passed down to their generations to ensure the Malay food tradition retains and evolves further.Keywords: Malay ethnic; traditional food; food knowledge; food transmissioneISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Pizza is eaten all over the world because of its simplicity and taste. Given its importance in the Italian diet, this paper provides a qualitative insight into fresh pizza consumption for the first time. This study deals with the perception of pizza attributes in Italy focusing on the main drivers of consumer acceptance of the traditional Margherita pizza, and analyzing in addition consumers’ preferences for novel types of pizza in the marketplace, such as those made with organic, low calorie or frozen ingredients. The results show how respondents firstly prefer to eat traditional pizza and mainly prefer organic ingredients leading Italian consumers to perceive them more positively than conventional ones. Furthermore, despite the frozen pizza market being fairly well-established in many countries, the study finds a strong propensity to buying fresh pizza in the traditional market. The role of low calorie pizzas appears to be limited despite consumers being quite interested in this type of product. The novelty of this paper is to fill the knowledge gap about new typologies of pizza available in the marketplace, by exploring consumer preferences for and perceptions of a traditionally made product in a traditional producer country. The study will also offer managerial-oriented implications to help pizza producers develop new strategies for better identifying the ongoing demand of pizza consumers both for traditional and new typologies.

Background Over the past several decades, rural and indigenous populations in Latin America have experienced abrupt and profound transformations in their lifestyles and economies, many having remarkable health consequences. Yet, these changes have had heterogeneous effects on the population's biology in different local contexts. Objectives The primary goal was to characterize the nutrition transition and biomarkers of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) risk in 2 Chilean indigenous populations that have had divergent histories of subsistence strategies (agropastoralism compared with hunter-gathering) in the last few millennia and live in contrasting environments, and to identify context-specific factors driving the nutrition and epidemiological transitions. Methods One-hundred-and-ninety (90 Pehuenche and 100 Atacameño) participants aged 18–87 y completed demographic, food-frequency, and physical activity questionnaires as well as measurements of some NCD risk biomarkers: blood pressure, weight, height, body fat percentage, waist circumference, blood total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. Framingham risk scores (FRSs) were calculated based on age, sex, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking, diabetes status, and hypertension medication. Results Few differences in dietary composition and physical activity patterns were observed between the 2 populations. Multivariate analyses showed no differences between the 2 populations in any of the individual NCD risk biomarkers or FRSs after adjusting for age, sex, time since last meal, food insecurity in childhood, ultraprocessed food consumption, and physical activity. Conclusions Despite contrasting ecological and historical contexts, the 2 groups are converging into similar processes of market and wage-labor integration and transitioning to a Western diet high in processed and nonlocal foods, although some aspects of their “traditional” foodways are still in practice. The frequency of individuals exhibiting NCD biomarkers “at-risk” is relatively high and corresponds to other populations that have gone through nutrition transition. Furthermore, none of these biomarkers or FRSs differed between the 2 populations, suggesting a homogenization in the NCD risk factors., Over the past few decades, indigenous populations in Latin America have experienced major transformations in their lifestyles and economies, resulting in far-reaching consequences for their health and well-being. In this study, several biomarkers for non-communicable diseases (NCD) related to metabolic syndrome were evaluated among two indigenous populations living in highly contrasting environments (Atacama Desert and temperate rainforests in the Andes mountain slopes) who have had divergent histories of subsistence strategies (agropastoralism and hunting-gathering). Context-specific factors driving the nutrition transition in each group were identified; but, despite variation in local contexts, their diets and lifestyles are converging into similar patterns. Likewise, no significant differences in NCD risk for any of the biomarkers evaluated were found, suggesting a homogenization in the health outcomes associated with food and lifestyle changes in this region.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Wild foods constitute an essential component of people's diets around the world, but despite their widespread use and their cultural importance, wild edible plants (WEPs) lack recognition as significant contributors to the human diet in developed countries. Materials and methods We stimulate national and international bodies dealing with food and agriculture, to increase their attention and investments on WEPs, leveraging the results of scientific investigation, enhancing the link between in situ conservation strategies and sustainable use of plant genetic diversity. Results and conclusions WEPs should be reconsidered throughout their value chain, capturing their important socio-cultural, health, and economic benefits to indigenous and local communities and family farmers who are engaged in their production and wild-harvesting.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the readiness of young Italian people to consume insects and the psychosocial determinants associated with edible insect consumption, in order to evaluate whether insect-based food could be an alternative food source. Design/methodology/approach – An explorative study was conducted, using focus group interviews as the technique for data collection. In total, 32 consumers, aged 20-35 years took part in five focus group interviews. Findings – Significant determinants comprised appearance, farming and sustainability. Participants’ willingness to eat insect-based food is dependent on the form in which the products are presented to them. Crustaceans were frequently mentioned as a comparison in terms of distaste. Lack of practice in preparation was a major barrier to consumption. To expand consumption participants suggested an active role for public health institutions. Even though with some uncertainty, there are some people prepared to consume insects. Research limitations/implications – Due to the restricted size of the sample survey, the findings are considered as exploratory research. Further investigation is required among other young adults in order to delineate promotional strategies. Originality/value – There is a lack of information regarding the willingness to consume edible insects in Italy. Due to the restricted size of the sample survey, the findings are considered as exploratory research. Further investigation is required among other young adults in order to delineate promotional strategies.

Although a number of various traditional foods and diversity of cooking styles and techniques were available in Sri Lanka, today most of them are getting lost as a result of ‘modernization’ dietary patterns. However, in Sri Lanka,a very limited number of researcheshave been conducted on traditional foods. Therefore, surveys about traditional foods and dishes are essential to cut down many problems related with the modernized foods and to increase use of locally available food sources. In Sri Lanka, there are many recipe books but they do not give an idea about nutrition composition. The survey was conducted to develop a recipe book by including traditional Sri Lankan food recipes and their nutrition composition. Different food recipes were collected from adult women in different areas (08 districts) by home visits, face to face interviews and through telephone calls. Further, available traditional recipes were collected by reviewing the recipe books and searching internet. The amount of ingredients for solid foods were measured by using household measures and home scale and expressed as grams. Liquid foods were measured by measuring cylinder and household measures and expressed as millilitres. The recipes which were taken from telephone calls were prepared at the University dietetics laboratory. Nutrition compositions of recipes were calculated using the Food Base 2000 software. The developed recipe book consists of 50 recipes of Sri Lankan traditional foods, the method of preparation as well as the nutritional composition. The recipes in the book have been presented under five food categories; cereal based foods, sweets, dishes, mallum and kola kenda / herbal drinks. Thus, the developed recipe book provides different recipes with way of preparation and nutrition composition of them. Therefore, this can be used as an educational tool for menu planning.

Contemporary rural museums perform not only the traditional tasks but are also the places where both the visitors and the local community members have chances for entertainment and attractive leisure time. Consequently one can find in museums numerous catering offers such as cafes, bistros, snack bars, restaurants, pubs and wine bars. The material presented is the result of theoretical and field studies carried out in the selected open air museums in Poland and focused on newly introduced commercial activities (as catering). Our research results show that the development of sustainable cultural tourism as a generator of income in the open air rural museums is important in the challenging economic time. Museums having catering services of different character could easier overcome financial struggle. Moreover there is no doubt that the introduction of an interesting and ambitious cuisine in the restaurants located in the rural open air museum is of great importance also in other terms: popularization of the food culture, rural tradition of region, healthy diet and lifestyle, chance to increase the museum attractiveness, important economic support to the museum and the local community and the improvement of living quality.

The rapid development of technology makes human needs for information about tourist attractions require the availability of appropriate information systems, therefore the geographic information system of culinary attractions is developed to help tourists. This study aims to design a website to help tourists find culinary tourism in East Luwu Regency. System or GIS website that has been made, is tested first to see if there are still errors or need to be repaired and then implemented by uploading a file to a place (hosting) so that it can be accessed easily by anyone. The result is that the Website is used by users to successfully display a map of the distribution of culinary attractions, display culinary tourism categories in East Luwu Regency, display lists and general information of each culinary tourism object by category, and see the route of tourist attractions.

(1) Background: The consumption of traditional foods has been linked to economic, social, and environmental sustainability, therefore, the main challenge of a changing marketplace is to ensure that young generations continue consuming traditional products. The current study uses a consumer culture theory (CCT) perspective to examine the following: (1) the way individuals use their traditional products to identify themselves with the culture and to feel that they are a part of the community, (2) the underlying values that turn young consumers into loyal customers of hellim/halloumi cheese, and (3) its implications to hellim/halloumi producers. (2) Methods: A qualitative research method is applied to study the perceptions of post-millennials towards traditional cheese products from a cultural perspective. (3) Results: The results of the study reveal that loyalty towards traditional food products amongst post-millennials is build based on (1) the memories that surround the food, (2) the rituals that preparing and eating a food involve, and (3) the identity that it builds, allowing people feel sense of belonging to their ethnic group. (4) Conclusions: Loyalty amongst post-millennials towards traditional food products tends to be emotional, rather than rational or behavioral. It allows us to present both theoretical and managerial implications. It also calls for more empirical research to understand the changing marketplace and post-millennials&rsquo, consumption habits.

The currently applied approaches, procedures and tools used for the identification of emerging risks vary greatly among Member States of the EU. EFSA established a structured approach for emerging risk identification that mainly consists of systematically searching, collecting, collating and analysing information and data. In addition, EFSA concluded that new methodologies and tools are needed to facilitate efficient and transparent sharing of data, knowledge and methods in the field of emerging risk identification between Member States. As the result of an open call issued by EFSA, the ‘Determination and metrics of emerging risks’ (DEMETER) project was established in spring 2017 to support current and future procedures for identification of emerging risks. As the Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) hosting site is involved in the DEMETER project, as well as in several other software development activities in the area of quantitative microbiological risk assessment, the fellow had the opportunity to play an active role in the project work and development of the running DEMETER project. The training and close integration in the project team enabled the fellow to make significant contributions, e.g. with the creation of new open source data processing workflows and by contributing to the Emerging Risk Knowledge Exchange Platform (ERKEP) Framework Concept Note. Besides DEMETER, the fellow participated in other activities of the Unit for Food Technologies, Supply Chains and Food Defence, including testing and applying several BfR open source software tools which had been developed in previous projects and that are used in microbiological risk assessment (e.g. Predictive Microbial Modelling Lab (PMM‐Lab)) or as automatic data retrieval systems (e.g. SiLeBAT NewsRadar) – see https://foodrisklabs.bfr.bund.de.

BACKGROUND: During past decades the formerly active lifestyle in Greenland has become sedentary, and the intake of traditional food has gradually been replaced with imported food. These lifestyle and dietary habits may affect pregnant women. AIM: To describe age and regional differences in reproductive factors, lifestyle and diet among Greenlandic pregnant women in their first trimester. METHODS: A cross-sectional study during 2013-2015 including 373 pregnant women was conducted in five Greenlandic regions (West, Disko Bay, South, North and East). Interview-based questionnaires on reproductive factors, lifestyle and dietary habits were compared in relation to two age groups (median age ≤28 years and >28 years). RESULTS: In total, 72.4% were Inuit, 46.6% had BMI >25.0 kg/m2, 29.0% were smoking during pregnancy and 54.6% had used hashish. BMI, educational level, personal income, previous pregnancies and planned breastfeeding period were significantly higher in the age group >28 years of age compared to the age group ≤28 years of age. In region Disko Bay, 90.9% were Inuit, in region South more had a university degree (37.9%) and region East had the highest number of previous pregnancies, the highest number of smokers during pregnancy and the most frequent intake of sauce with hot meals and fast-food. CONCLUSIONS: Overall a high BMI and a high smoking frequency were found. Age differences were found for BMI and planned breastfeeding period, while regional differences were found for smoking and intake of sauce with hot meals and fast-food. Future recommendations aimed at pregnant women in Greenland should focus on these health issues. BACKGROUND: During past decades the formerly active lifestyle in Greenland has become sedentary, and the intake of traditional food has gradually been replaced with imported food. These lifestyle and dietary habits may affect pregnant women. AIM: To describe age and regional differences in reproductive factors, lifestyle and diet among Greenlandic pregnant women in their first trimester. METHODS: A cross-sectional study during 2013-2015 including 373 pregnant women was conducted in five Greenlandic regions (West, Disko Bay, South, North and East). Interview-based questionnaires on reproductive factors, lifestyle and dietary habits were compared in relation to two age groups (median age ≤28 years and >28 years). RESULTS: In total, 72.4% were Inuit, 46.6% had BMI >25.0 kg/m2, 29.0% were smoking during pregnancy and 54.6% had used hashish. BMI, educational level, personal income, previous pregnancies and planned breastfeeding period were significantly higher in the age group >28 years of age compared to the age group ≤28 years of age. In region Disko Bay, 90.9% were Inuit, in region South more had a university degree (37.9%) and region East had the highest number of previous pregnancies, the highest number of smokers during pregnancy and the most frequent intake of sauce with hot meals and fast-food. CONCLUSIONS: Overall a high BMI and a high smoking frequency were found. Age differences were found for BMI and planned breastfeeding period, while regional differences were found for smoking and intake of sauce with hot meals and fast-food. Future recommendations aimed at pregnant women in Greenland should focus on these health issues.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess what effect the consumer familiarity has on liking of Italian traditional salamis. The authors ascertained the category of consumers that has more influence on the quality judgment of the salami and investigated on the differences in the sensory attributes perception between consumers with different familiarity. Design/methodology/approach – Eight samples of both Napoli and Mugnano del Cardinale salami were investigated. The study consisted of three parts: first, technical questionnaire submitted to the producers; second, descriptive analysis performed by 12 trained judges, and third, hedonic tests with different consumer categories: low familiar and high familiar consumers, trained assessors, and salami producers. Findings – Manufacturing processes were quite heterogeneous, those differences affected the sensory profiles of both salamis. Hedonic results indicate that consumer familiarity had a significant effect on overall liking of Napoli salami. In particular, both low familiar consumers and producers give the same judgment to all the products. High familiar consumers and especially trained assessors were more selective than the other ones. Differences in the sensory attributes perception between the consumer’ categories were found. Practical implications – Europe has a great number of traditional foods as a result its long history, diversity of cultures, and different climates. These foods represent a very important part of the local economy. Thus, the research effort is contributing to better understanding of the manufacturing process of two Italian traditional salamis and to better addressing consumer needs in relation to traditional foods. Originality/value – The experimental procedure used in this study for consumer tests is very original and proved to be useful to obtain interesting results. The proposed research is contributing to enhance the competitiveness of those traditional foods.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between consumer motives regarding purchase of traditional food in two European countries (Croatia and Austria) with a different history and development in regards to traditional and/or regional food. Design/methodology/approach – A word association test and soft laddering interviews were used to elicit consumers’ perception and purchasing motives for traditional food. Additionally, the questionnaire contained socio-demographics and questions about shopping habits concerning traditional food. Semi-structured, individual, face-to-face interviews were performed with 31 Croatian and 28 Austrian respondents. Findings – The most frequent associations/definition in both countries refers to heritage (food of generations) and elaboration (traditional receipt). The meaning of traditional food is for both samples positive. Hierarchical value maps for both countries contain ladders standing for health or support of local farmers. Additionally, the Austrians connect traditional food with environmental friendly production while for the Croatians sentimental hedonism ladder starts with perception of traditional food as a mean to connect with the childhood. Practical implications – The findings can be used by traditional food producers in order to better understand consumers’ motives and accordingly adapt their marketing strategies. Originality/value – This is the first work which uses free association test and laddering interviews to reveal consumers perception and motives for purchase of traditional food both in Croatia as well as in Austria.

Gresik is well known as one of the Islamic based tourism towns in East Java. This Islamic tourism encourages the development of typical souvenirs business in Gresik especially in food sector. Some Gresik traditional food are often used as souvenirs, such as pudak, jubung, and ayas. High sale promotes product innovation, especially in terms of taste creations, preservation / shelf life, as well as packaging. Unfortunately, these product innovation have not been supported with information related to product nutritional value. The nutritional value is important, considering the usage of information in food labelling as well as for the materials, process and packaging basic innovation. The study of Gresik traditional food nutritional value products consists of two stages, they were field-related observation and laboratory testing. Field observations were done to obtain information on raw materials and production processes from pudak, jubung and ayas. As for the test of nutritional value was done by proximate test. The results showed that pudak has moisture content (55.6%) twice higher than jubung and ayas (25.0% and 22.7%, respectively). All three products have a low fat content, which was below 1.0 g per serving. The protein content is also relatively low, i.e. only 2.1-2.8%. All three of these products are carbohydrate sources with the amount of 40.8-73.4% which gives a caloric amount of 120-185 kcal per serving. Implementation of nutritional information in food label could also give added value to the product.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk are elevated in adults with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This study aimed to compare bone health among Inuit women with IFG, T2D and normoglycemia. The study included Inuit women (≥40 y) with IFG (n = 57), T2D (n = 72) or normoglycemia (n = 340) from the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey 2007–2008 in Canada. Distal one-third forearm BMD (FaBMD) was measured using a peripheral instantaneous x-ray imager. Anthropometry, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum adiponectin, leptin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured. Traditional food intakes were surveyed. Data were analysed using mixed model ANOVA and regression models. The median age was 53 (IFG: IQR 48, 67) y and 56 (T2D: IQR 49, 63) y. Compared to normoglycemic women, FaBMD and T-scores were significantly lower in women with T2D, but not with IFG. Frequency of marine mammal intakes (ß = 0.145; 95%CI: 0.018, 0.053, p = 0.0001) positively related to FaBMD. The odds ratio of having a T-score consistent with osteoporosis was lower among women with T2D and higher BMI, while aging increased the risk. Although T2D associates with lower BMD among Inuit women, risk of osteoporosis is tempered, possibly by maintenance of a traditional lifestyle. publishedVersion

Background . n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) from fish are known modulators of cardiometabolic risk factors. Objective . To examine fatty acids (FAs) status and the relationship between n-3 LC-PUFA and cardiometabolic risk factors in Cree participants. Design . We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study (n=829) conducted in Cree adults (aged 18–74 years) from 7 communities of the James Bay territory of Quebec (Canada) in 2005–2009. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical and anthropometric data were collected. FAs were quantified in red blood cells (RBCs) under fasting conditions. Results . A total of 89% of the participants were overweight (with 69% obesity), 33% had hypertriglyceridemia, 44% had low plasma HDL-c and 77% had fasting plasma insulin ≥90 pmol/l. Total n-3 PUFAs accounted for 6% of total FAs and were higher among older participants, while n-6 PUFAs accounted for 31% of total FAs and were higher among younger participants. According to the adjusted multiple linear regression models, n-3 LC-PUFA was associated (p

International audience; The main objective of the study was to evaluate Polish consumers' liking and willingness to pay for innovations in traditional sausages "Kabanos". The study also attempted to determine whether regional differences may influence acceptance of innovations and the willingness to pay for such products. As both sensory factors and prices are important in food choice decisions, the methodological approach combined hedonic liking and experimental auctions. The study involved 221 consumers of traditional pork sausages who evaluated intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes in blind (tasting only), expectancy (product information only) and fully informed (tasting and product information) experimental conditions. The results show that acceptance of innovation in traditional sausages is determined by the type of innovation proposed. Innovation related to extrinsic attributes like packaging i.e. biodegradable packaging seem to be the most welcome regardless experimental conditions while innovations improving healthiness of traditional sausages but violating their sensory properties i.e. lower salt level tend to be disapproved. There are regional differences observed in acceptance and willingness to pay for innovative variants of Kabanos. In general, consumers in Warsaw are more inclined to pay more for innovative variants of Kabanos than consumers in Cracow. Participants from the two regions had also different hedonic reactions towards organic and spicy variant of Kabanos. Prior research concerning acceptance of innovation in traditional food products in Poland is scarce. Therefore, such information is particularly pertinent to SMEs and distributors operating in traditional food sector to support innovation and development of adequate communication strategies.

Background Contemporary food market offers plenty of different food products from all over the world. However, as people have more disposable income, they are more discerning with regards to quality, and certified food has a reputation as being more wholesome and more healthy. In other words, food quality issues become crucial in a consumer's choice. Nevertheless, the question arises - that what should be considered as a food quality, and which quality criteria consumers are ready to pay more? There are many certified products within the variety of agricultural food, and for understanding which products are more preferable for a consumer, it is necessary to know, what do labels mean and what do they guarantee. Absence or lack of this knowledge promotes the information asymmetry between consumers and food producers. Italian traditional food was chosen as an example, due to its crucial meaning for authentical development of the rural areas and particular culture heritage. Methods To analyze phenomenon of an information asymmetry within the labeled food market were studied the next theoretical issues: dimensions of traditional food and its labeling; consumer's behavior and attitudes towards traditional food; features and consequences of an information asymmetry. The empirical side highlights the contemporary tendencies of the Italian quality food market. Results As the main reason of information asymmetry is the lack of information for consumers, the paper offers for food producers to use knowledge management as the main tool to smooth an information asymmetry. An implementation of knowledge management includes two directions: development of the appropriate communication strategy and application of the Internet of Things to provide on the food packing the sufficient information for consumers. In that direction, many recent patents have been developed. Conclusion The findings of this paper confirm the importance of the literature review for understanding the reasons of an information asymmetry. The offered pathways for reducing of this phenomenon will increase the share of the traditional food products on the Italian food market, thereby sustaining the local producers.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of breast cancer in Greenland has increased considerably since 1970. It has been suggested that the previous low incidence is associated with the traditional lifestyle and marine food diet, and that the increase in breast cancer risk may be due to changes to a more westernized diet and lifestyle.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between food intake, reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer in Greenlandic Inuit women.DESIGN: A case control study with participants from all regions of Greenland. The sampling was carried out at Dronning Ingrids Hospital in Nuuk, Greenland where all breast cancer cases are treated. The reproductive factors and dietary intake were assessed using a questionnaire completed at enrolment. Student t-test was used to compare group differences for continuous data. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's Chi-square were used to compare distribution frequency of data between groups. Odd ratios (ORs) were obtained using logistic regression. Estimates with a P-value ≤0.05 were considered significant.RESULTS: Information on reproductive factors and dietary intake was available for 116 participants, 60 breast cancer cases and 56 controls. We found that the risk of having breast cancer was significantly reduced (OR: 0.24 [95% CI 0.09; 0.66]) for the group with ≥3 full-term pregnancies and breastfeeding duration of ≥6 months compared to the group with ≤2 full-term pregnancies and breastfeeding duration of CONCLUSIONS: Higher parity, longer breastfeeding duration and intake of fruit and vegetables were protective factors for breast cancer risk. No clear associations between breast cancer and traditional or other imported food were seen.

International audience; Innovation is widely accepted as one of the keys to being successful. However, companies can innovate and still fail if markets fail to accept the innovation. In most cases, the acceptance of an innovation depends on the innovation itself and also on the product to which it is applied. In this chapter acceptance of different innovations in traditional food products is investigated, thus focusing on the definition of the "traditional" and "innovation" concepts from the consumer's perspective. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are combined to better understand and predict the possibilities of success when applying different generic and specific innovations in traditional food products. Overall, substantial possibilities for the introduction of innovation in traditional food products seem to exist without decreasing their traditional image, especially for those innovations that may increase the authenticity of the product.The information obtained from this study may support small and medium enterprises in certain decisions regarding communication, product positioning, and new developments in the traditional food market as well as when applying food innovations in their traditional food products.

A significant challenge for traditional food production is to improve its competitiveness by identifying innovations that guarantee the safety of the products, while at the same time meeting general consumer demands and specific consumer expectations towards traditional food (European Research on Traditional Food, EC, DG_Research, 2007). Therefore, there is a real need to study traditional foods in order to preserve important elements of European culture and, if possible, enrich and improve the diet across the whole continent. The following chapter will cover aspects related with the safety aspects of the traditional products including legislation, the hazards coming from raw materials as well as hazards from processing. Some technological solutions for making traditional foods safer in longer time will be presented. Even it is compulsory to follow the authentic recipe and technology; some small innovation would be necessary, for example, in packaging for better preservation of the traditional foods in order to meet consumer’s demands in having larger quantities of traditional foods. Technological innovations must be implemented in the companies always maintaining the traditional methodologies but assuring food safety and increasing shelf life of traditional foods.

Objectives. The general aim was to assess dietary exposure to selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals among Eskimo (Inuit) and Chukchi of the Chukotka Peninsula of the Russian Arctic, and to establish recommendations for exposure risk reduction. Study design. A cross-sectional evaluation of nutritional patterns of coastal and inland indigenous peoples of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (in 2001-2003); assessment of the levels of persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in traditional foods and their comparison to Russian food safety limits; the identification of local sources of food contamination; and the recommendation and implementation of risk management measures. Methods. Community-based dietary survey of self reported food frequencies (453 persons), chemical analyses (POPs and metals) of local foods and indoor matters (397 samples), substantiation of recommendations for daily (weekly, monthly) intakes of traditional food. Results. POPs in traditional food items are generally below the Russian food safety limits except marine mammal fat, while Hg and Cd are high mainly in mammal viscera. Lead is relatively low in tissues of all animals studied. For the Chukotka coastal communities, seals constitute the principal source of the whole suite of PTSs considered. Consumption restrictions are recommended for marine and freshwater fish, some wild meats (waterfowl and seal), fats (whale and seal), liver (most animals) and kidney (reindeer, walrus and seal). Evidence is presented that contamination of foodstuffs may be significantly increased during storing/ processing/cooking of food due to indoor and outdoor environmental conditions. Conclusions. Based on the analytical findings and the local PTSs sources identified, guidelines on food safety are suggested, as well as measures to reduce food contamination and domestic and local sources. Important and urgent remedial actions are recommended to minimize PTSs environmental and domestic contamination. Waste clean-up activities started in coastal Chukotka in 2007. Keywords: Chukotka; Russian Arctic; indigenous people; traditional food; PTSs; POPs; metals; food safety limits; exposure risk (Published: 10 July 2012) Citation: Int J Circumpolar Health 2012, 71 : 18592 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18592

Objectives. To examine the relationship between ‘‘traditional Sami’’ dietary pattern and mortality in a general northern Swedish population. Study design. Population-based cohort study. Methods. We examined 77,319 subjects from the Va¨sterbotten Intervention Program (VIP) cohort. A traditional Sami diet score was constructed by adding 1 point for intake above the median level of red meat, fatty fish, total fat, berries and boiled coffee, and 1 point for intake below the median of vegetables, bread and fibre. Hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were calculated by Cox regression. Results. Increasing traditional Sami diet scores were associated with slightly elevated all-cause mortality in men [Multivariate HR per 1-point increase in score 1.04 (95% CI 1.01-1.07), p=0.018], but not for women [Multivariate HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.99-1.07), p=0.130]. This increased risk was approximately equally attributable to cardiovascular disease and cancer, though somewhat more apparent for cardiovascular disease mortality in men free from diabetes, hypertension and obesity at baseline [Multivariate HR 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.20), p=0.023]. Conclusions. A weak increased all-cause mortality was observed in men with higher traditional Sami diet scores. However, due to the complexity in defining a ‘‘traditional Sami’’ diet, and the limitations of our questionnaire for this purpose, the study should be considered exploratory, a first attempt to relate a ‘‘traditional Sami’’ dietary pattern to health endpoints. Further investigation of cohorts with more detailed information on dietary and lifestyle items relevant for traditional Sami culture is warranted. Keywords: the VIP cohort; Sami, traditional food; traditional lifestyle; mortality (Published: 4 May 2012) Citation: Int J Circumpolar Health 2012, 71 : 18537 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18537

Black pudding, also known as blood sausages or blood pudding, is a kind of meat product made by blood, popular in Asia, Europe, and America. Twenty‐five black pudding formulations with varying fat contents of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w) and sodium contents of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% (w/w) were manufactured. Sensory acceptance and ranking descriptive analyses as well as compositional and physicochemical analyses were conducted. Samples high in sodium (0.6–1.0%) were scored higher in juiciness, toughness, saltiness, fatness, and spiciness. These samples were the most accepted, whereas samples containing 0.2% sodium were the least accepted. Black pudding samples containing 0.6% sodium and 10% fat displayed a positive (P

Background: An accessory to modern developing economies includes a shift from traditional, laborious lifestyles and cuisine to more sedentary careers, recreation and convenience-based foodstuffs. Similar changes in the developed western world have led to harmful health consequences. Minimization of this effect in current transitional cultures could be met by placing value on the maintenance of heritage-rich food. Vitally important to this is the preservation and dissemination of knowledge of these traditional foods. Here, we investigate the history and functionality of a traditional rice snack cooked in Nepenthes pitchers, one of the most iconic and recognizable plants in the rapidly growing economic environment of Southeast Asia. Methods: Social media was combined with traditional ethnobotanical surveys to conduct investigations throughout Malaysian Borneo. Interviews were conducted with 25 market customers, vendors and participants from various ethnical groups with an in-depth knowledge of glutinous rice cooked in pitcher plants. The acidity of pitcher fluid was measured during experimental cooking to analyze possible chemical avenues that might contribute to rice stickiness. Results: Participants identifying the snack were almost all (96%) from indigenous Bidayuh or Kadazandusun tribal decent. They prepare glutinous rice inside pitcher traps for tradition, vessel functionality and because they thought it added fragrance and taste to the rice. The pH and chemical activity of traps analyzed suggest there is no corresponding effect on rice consistency. Harvest of pitchers does not appear to decrease the number of plants in local populations. Conclusions: The tradition of cooking glutinous rice snacks in pitcher plants, or peruik kera in Malay, likely carries from a time when cooking vessels were more limited, and persists only faintly in tribal culture today because of value placed on maintaining cultural heritage. Social media proved a valuable tool in our research for locating research areas and in interviewing respondents, and we endorse its further use in ethnobotanical investigations. Our gathered data urges for the preservation of sustainable, tribal plant use for the prosperity of both health and culture.

"International protected area (PA) management policies recognise the importance of respecting Indigenous rights. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate how these policies are being enforced. We evaluated whether Indigenous rights to access traditional food were being respected in La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, Costa Rica. By examining land management documents, we found that PA regulations have the potential to restrict traditional food access because these regulations ban shifting agriculture and heavily restrict hunting; these regulations do not address the harvest of edible plants. By working with Bribri people, we found multiple negative impacts that PAs had on: health, nutrition, passing on cultural teachings to youth, quality of life, cultural identity, social cohesion and bonding, as well as on the land and non-human beings. We propose three steps to better support food access in PAs in Costa Rica and elsewhere. First, a right to food framework should inform PA management regarding traditional food harvesting. Second, people require opportunities to define what harvesting activities are traditional and sustainable and these activities should be respected in PA management. Third, harvesting regulations need to be clearly communicated by land managers to resource users so people have the necessary information to exercise their rights to access food."

The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) was applied for risk assessment of confectionary manufacturing, in whichthe traditional methods and equipment were intensively used in the production. Potential failure modes and effects as well as their possible causes were identified in the process flow. Processing stages that involve intensive handling of food by workers had the highest risk priority numbers (RPN = 216 and 189), followed by chemical contamination risks in different stages of the process. The application of corrective actions substantially reduced the RPN (risk priority number) values. Therefore, the implementation of FMEA (The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) model in confectionary manufacturing improved the safety and quality of the final products. Análise dos Efeitos e Modos de Falhas (FMEA) foi aplicada para avaliação de risco de fabricação de produtos de confeitaria, na qual os métodos tradicionais e equipamentos foram intensamente utilizados na produção. Efeitos e modos de falhas potenciais e suas possíveis causas foram identificados no fluxo do processo. Os estágios de processamento que involve grande manipulação de alimentos pelos trabalhadores obteve os maiores números de prioridade de risco (NRP = 216 e 189), seguido por riscos de contaminação química em diferentes fases do processo. A aplicação das medidas corretivas reduziu substancialmente os NRP (números de prioridade de risco). Portanto, a implementação do modelo de FMEA (Análise dos Efeitos e Modos de Falhas) na fabricação de confeitos melhorou a segurança e qualidade dos produtos finais.

Objectives. To describe traditional food (TF) consumption and to evaluate its impact on nutrient intakes of preschool Inuit children from Nunavik. Design. A cross-sectional study. Methods. Dietary intakes of children were assessed with a single 24-hour recall (n=217). TF consumption at home and at the childcare centres was compared. Differences in children’s nutrient intakes when consuming or not consuming at least 1 TF item were examined using ANCOVA. Results. A total of 245 children attending childcare centres in 10 communities of Nunavik were recruited between 2006 and 2010. The children’s mean age was 25.0±9.6 months (11-54 months). Thirty-six percent of children had consumed at least 1 TF item on the day of the recall. TF contributed to 2.6% of total energy intake. Caribou and Arctic char were the most reported TF species. Land animals and fish/shellfish were the main contributors to energy intake from TF (38 and 33%, respectively). In spite of a low TF intake, children who consumed TF had significantly (p

This study explored the effects of food transmission activities among the Malay ethnic's food knowledge and the generation practice. Mother and daughter in a family selected as informant in this study. All information analysed using thematic analysis. Commercialization of ingredients, convenience food products, economy, educational level and lifestyles apparently reduced the practices of Malay traditional foods among the young generations. Mothers in particular can play a significant role in preserving the practice of Malay traditional foods. Parents should ensure that the traditional food knowledge is passed down to their generations to ensure the Malay food tradition retains and evolves further.

Malay modern society especially the young generation has gradually ignored the practice of Malay traditional food. Social transition and unlimited information technology are believes to influence the changes of food intake and practices. This study empirically investigates the transmission modes of Malay traditional food knowledge within generation. Using Klang Valley as a contextual setting, 5 sets of respondents consist of mother and daughter was interviewed. Qualitative approached are employed by using thematic analysis to understand the phenomena. Observation, be a helper, received instruction and task from the mothers are the modes of transmission in Malay families which influenced their practices.