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Tourism is one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors in the world and it has a variety of impacts on the environment and local communities as well. For a long time it was considered as the purest part of human business. Many adverse tourism impacts on landscape have appeared in context of tourism development, therefore sustainable tourism should be taken into consideration. That is why it is necessary to find out limits to maintain the environment as well as tourism, because as it turns out in status quo it does not work as it should do. As the scale of tourism grows, the resources become more unsustainable. Destination with damaged environment loses its attraction and this fact causes increasing of building a new tourist destination mostly on unsuitable places. Mostly visitors and entrepreneurs do not realize that each place does not fit to build all tourist activities. Then the landscape is under the uncontrolled load which weights the environment. But tourism does not have only this dark side. In many regions it is a necessary human activity for further region development. The specific assessment of the tourism impact should bring a closer look on this problem and help to specify which regions are suitable for tourism spreading or not. In realized research focused on selected communities in the Nizky Jesenik Highlands there was the idea to quantify three suggested data sets (specific environmental area value, tourism potential and tourism infrastructure load) necessary for tourism impact assessment. Data sets were evaluated according to points distribution using pair wise comparison and compared based on correlation and regression. Finally the outputs were used for further recommendations. Příspěvek k hodnocení vlivu cestovního ruchu na krajinu Článek je zaměřen na posouzení dopadu cestovního ruchu na životní prostředí. Přináší bližší pohled na tento problém a definuje oblasti, které pro turistiku jsou vhodné a které nikoliv. Výzkum je zaměřen na specifické oblasti životního prostředí, hodnoty potenciálu cestovního ruchu a zatížení infrastruktury cestovního ruchu, které jsou potřebné pro posouzení dopadů cestovního ruchu. Pro testování byly vybrány obce v oblasti Nízkého Jeseníku.

Развитие внутреннего туристического рынка, перспективной частью которого может стать Арктическая зона Российской Федерации, является одним из направлений преодоления последствий экономического кризиса, вызванного пандемией, что обуславливает актуальность темы исследования. Для принятия эффективных управленческих решений в области привлечения туристов необходима методика комплексной оценки туристского потенциала, предоставляющая достоверную информацию о факторах, привлекающих туристов. На основе анализа зарубежного и отечественного опыта оценки туристских дестинаций определены недостатки существующих методик, обоснована необходимость сбалансированного подхода к проведению оценки туристского потенциала на основе разработанной авторами сбалансированной системы показателей, что является новым направлением исследования туризма в регионах. Разработка методики оценки туристского потенциала региона осуществлена на основе сбалансированного подхода, концептуальным положением которого является соответствие результатов оценки балансу интересов акторов туристской деятельности. Разработанная в соответствии с информационными потребностями туристов, бизнеса, населения региона, региональных органов управления модель оценки является механизмом согласования основных интересов данных групп. Конфигурация сбалансированной системы показателей, включающая экономическую, инфраструктурную и культурно-природные составляющие, определена на основе ключевых факторов туристского потенциала Арктической зоны с использованием методологии системного и структурно-функционального анализа. Интегральные показатели исчислены с использованием метода многомерной средней, в качестве нормирующего признака использованы целевые значения показателей, что позволяет элиминировать влияние на оценку динамики других регионов. На основе структурного и сравнительного анализа матрицы интегральных показателей проанализирована динамика и современное состояние туристского потенциала субъектов Арктической зоны, выявлены основные направления его повышения (на примере Архангельской области). Корреляционный анализ взаимосвязи туристского потенциала и объемов туристских потоков (с соблюдением временного лага) подтверждает достоверность разработанной методики. Результаты исследования предполагается использовать органам государственного управления субъектов Арктической зоны Российской Федерации для определения основных направлений повышения туристского потенциала. The development of the domestic tourism market, including the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, is important for overcoming the consequences of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive and reliable methodology for assessing the tourism potential is necessary for effective decision making and attracting tourists. Based on the analysis of international and Russian experience of assessing tourist destinations, we identified the shortcomings of the existing methods and substantiated the necessity of a nuanced approach to assessing the tourism potential of regions using authors’ balanced scorecard. Our methodology relies on the balanced approach, demonstrating the compliance of the assessment results with the interests of tourism stakeholders. The developed method considers information needs and main interests of tourists, business representatives, regional population and authorities. Based on key parameters of the tourism potential of the Arctic zone, we defined the structure of the balanced scorecard (economic, infrastructural and cultural-natural aspects) using systems and structural-functional analysis. Further, using the multivariate mean (with target values of indicators as a standardised coefficient), we calculated integral indicators, eliminating the influence of dynamics of other regions on the assessment results. Structural and comparative analysis of a matrix of integral indicators allowed us to examine the dynamics of the tourism potential of the Russian Arctic and ways to improve it (on the example of Arkhangelsk oblast). Correlation analysis of the relations between the tourism potential and tourist flows within a time lag confirms the reliability of the developed methodology. Research results can be used by authorities managing the Russian Arctic for identifying the ways to increase its tourism potential.

The paper considers scientific approaches to determining the essence of rural tourism and agrotourism. The authors conduct a review of the current state and trends in the development of tourism, including rural tourism, in the Vologda region. The article characterizes the activities of the government bodies of the Vologda region to create conditions for the development of the tourism industry. The study proves the prospects for the development of rural tourism in the region, shows the possibilities of forming complex tourist products. The article identifies the main problems of rural tourism development in the region and determines the directions of their solution. The paper considers the role of local governments in the development of rural tourism. The authors justify the necessity of more active implementation of the project approach in the practice of municipal administration in order to fully apply the tourist potential of the region’s territories. The study emphasizes public-private and municipal-private partnerships as one of the most effective ways to attract investment in the development of tourist infrastructure.

However, with all the prerequisites for the development of tourism, Ukraine did not pay due attention to the development of this sector of economy. Due to this situation, the problem of increasing the tourist attractiveness of the territory remains urgent. Having an important potential of natural resources, historical and cultural monuments, considering the great importance of the tourism industry, it has been declared one of the priority directions of development of the national economy at the state level in Ukraine. Among Ukrainian scientists, the development of tourist infrastructure was studied by A. A. Beidik, M. P. Malskaya, A. T. Makarov, F. Kifiak, A. A. Lubitseva, S. P. Kuzyk, I. M. School. Certain infrastructure elements of the tourist and recreational complex of the Kiev region are analyzed in the works of L. M. Volovik, V. L. Glibovets, A. M. Poltavets, S. V. Rogovsky, etc. Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district is a territory of historical land, which is located in the eastern part of the Kiev region. It played a great importance in the processes of formation of Ukrainian nationality and state. This land was a source of inspiration for Taras Shevchenko himself and other outstanding heroes of Ukraine. It is over-saturated with both sad and joyful big events. Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district, without exaggeration, can be called a unique place on the map of our country. The purpose of the study is to assess tourist resources and develop the tourist infrastructure of Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district, to determine its role in creating the basis for the economic growth of the district as a whole and to improve the tourism sector in particular. The study of this problem is based on general scientific methods of knowledge of economic phenomena and processes (analysis and synthesis, system approach, dialectical method, etc.). It was revealed the conditions of formation and the current state of formation of tourist infrastructure in Kyiv region, in particular in Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district. It was made the comparison of the state of its components (communication network, accommodation establishments, and mass catering establishments). Without exaggeration, Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district can be called a unique place on the map of our country. Today, there are 51 settlements, 15 objects of nature reserve fund of Ukraine, among which is a park-monument of landscape art of a national importance «Tashanskyi» and National natural park «Biloozerskyi», and there are more than 10 large and small rivers and hundreds of potential tourist sites that need to be preserved, promoted and attracted by tourists. It was highlighted the key advantages inherent in the tourism infrastructure of Kyiv region. The value of material and technical base and tourism infrastructure has been established as a determining factor for increasing the tourist attractiveness of Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district. The main reasons for hindering the development of the tourist services market in Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district are: the imperfection of the system of state regulation of tourist activity; the low level of investments in the development of the material base of tourism; the inconsistency of tourist establishments with international standards; the insufficient provision of the tourism industry by qualified specialists; the extremely unsatisfactory condition of transport infrastructure; the low awareness of potential consumers of the tourism product. It was highlighted the main problems in the formation and promotion of tourism products of the district, as well as the problems of development of existing tourism potential, which is certainly one of the richest in Ukraine. It was offered the directions of development of tourist infrastructure market in Pereiaslav-Khmelnitsky district and activation of using of tourist potential in the area.

Introduction. The article deals with the process of developing tourist potential through the creation of gastronomic events. Gastronomic festivals are considered as a form of event tourism in the Mykolaiv region. Income from tourism is significant, so one of the important factors is attracting participants and increasing the tourist flow. No event can take place without quality advertising and media coverage, with particular attention given to targeted advertising, given that it is user-friendly. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the aspects of the development of event tourism in the region, analyze the current state of gastronomic tourism in Ukraine and Mykolaiv region, analyze the impact of targeted advertising on various Internet networks on the qualitative indicators of event filling, methodological and informational basis of work are scientific and theoretical works of scientists on the development of event tourism, statistics were obtained during the advertising campaign of the event “Management Platform”, which was held as part of the open culinary contest “Staff Battle” in Mykolaiv. The realization of this goal is based on a systematic approach to the problems under study, and various general scientific and special methods of research are used. Results. The article investigates the process of the advertising campaign of the forum ""Management platform"" within the gastronomic festival ""Nikolaev. Vintage Kitchen” with targeting and contextual advertising. We have investigated limiting factors affecting the target audience, such as age, region, and other filters that allowed us to bring information online to the target audience portrait. As a result, we conducted a comparative analysis of stakeholder responses to each of the networks. As a result, during the 6 days of the advertising campaign, we explored the reach of the target audience, the gender breakdown of the audience, the age categories of the stakeholders, the territorial division and other factors influencing the choice of the target audience in the promotion of gastronomic tourism. Conclusions and Discussion. The analysis of the main directions of event tourism, namely gastronomic festivals and competitions, features of event tourism are: lack of seasonality; possibility of forecasting; mass; interactivity; innovation; regularity of events; encouraging repeat visits to destinations; and entertainment. The article also focuses on the influence of the Culinary Association of Ukraine, whose active work in the territory of Ukraine and the Mykolaiv region increased the potential of event tourism by organizing numerous competitions in culinary arts and service in the framework of gastronomic festivals. Emphasis is placed on the importance of promoting gastronomic festivals and competitions using both a wide-ranging advertising campaign and a strong focus on targeted advertising. Namely, the experience of targeting will be used for the advertising campaigns of subsequent events of event tourism, taking into account the effectiveness of zones of variation in the factors of influence on the choice of the target audience. This will minimize the costs of the advertising campaign with the same quality and number of participants involved.

The possibility for the development of the tourism potential of smaller towns through interregional cooperation has been considered. The importance of clusters and the interaction between organizations through networking has been substantiated. It has been noted, that the clusters constitute the main approach for the implementation of the tourism strategy in the Russian Federation. The Southern Tourist Cluster of the Moscow Region has been currently developed, has been reviewed. The main goals of the cluster and the tourism potential of the residential areas included in the cluster has been analyzed. Two types of tourism as the ones with greatest potential: cultural-historical and gastronomical have been substantiated. It has been concluded, that the consolidation of the tourism potential of smaller residential areas, and the creation of clusters, plays an important role in the development of tourism in the Russian Federation and the improvement of the competitiveness of the national tourist product.

Introduction: The paper presents a methodology for reduction of expenses within investment projects aimed at the preservation and development of cultural heritage sites, based on the combined use of methods of scientific restoration, laser scanning and information modeling, as well as creation of a library of unique BIM elements of ancient city buildings, identified at protected sites of the urban environment, using restoration of a building in the Old Tatar Quarter (Staro-Tatarskaya Sloboda) in Kazan as an example. Methods: The authors performed standard (traditional) scientific restoration activities and innovative field studies using laser scanning and built a parametric information model of the cultural heritage site for further development of a restoration plan with account for site adaptation to modern functions. Results and discussion: Point cloud processing is carried out to create an information model and a library of unique BIM elements, which can be used repeatedly in restoration and reconstruction, thus reducing costs for BIM-model development in future investment projects. The practical significance of the study lies in the creation of a public good — a library (encyclopedia) of ancient architectural elements in the form of a library of BIM elements for BIM models of architectural and urban-planning landmarks in the region, as well as in the development of recommendations (by individuals, regional and local regulatory authorities) for an efficient policy in urban planning and restoration with regard to similar historical and cultural, architectural and urban-planning landmarks.

The article identifies the most significant problems of the development of domestic tourism, reveals the main directions of the development of the tourist attractiveness of Russian territories, and justifies the contradiction between the high tourism potential of municipalities, the importance of unique territorial resources, and the low level of their tourist attractiveness. The key problems in the field of tourism infrastructure development are transport inaccessibility of tourist attractions, a shortage of economy-class hotels, regional differentiation (which means that transport, leisure, and tourism infrastructure are concentrated mainly in big cities and are absent in small and medium-sized cities of the Russian Federation). During the population survey, the authors identified the problem of the insufficient relevance of the existing techniques of providing services in the field of cultural and educational tourism, as well as the problem of meeting the renewing needs of consumers by tourist attractions. The article has scientific significance and practical value for the local government leaders and can interest a wide range of readers.

The paper presents the results of a study of the development of tourism in single-industry towns of Russia, using the example of the city of Kirovsk, including the identification of factors constraining the development of the industry. The tourism potential of the city of Kirovsk is analyzed, including the dynamics of tourism development in the city, the role of the city-forming enterprises in the formation of the social and tourist infrastructure of the city, and the mechanism for supporting the tourism industry. The main problems of the tourist industry of the city of Kirovsk (image, transport, infrastructure factors, and lack of product diversity) are identified and options for solving them are proposed.

The article characterizes topical issues of development of tourism industry, illuminates the modern tendencies and strategic directions of the tourism business in Ukraine. The main directions of macroeconomic strategies to enter foreign market of tourism services have been suggested. It is proved that the optimal mechanism for development of international tourism in Ukraine is the policy of support towards a constant development by means of promoting and implementing efficient measures of the State regulation on the base of elaborating and accepting a uniform target program of tourism development which should be balanced regarding the tourist flows and the resources-based possibilities in Ukraine.

Cultural tourism routes and itineraries are tourism promotion tools that have undergone a remarkable development in recent years, thanks to their ability to enhance the value of cultural heritage. In this sense, national and international organizations as well as private initiatives have designed tourist routes that cover a wide range of topics, while cultural itineraries have been recognized at the institutional level by organizations such as ICOMOS or the Council of Europe. The main objective of this article is to offer a proposal for the design of cultural tourist routes through the use of a geographic information system. To achieve this goal, we start from a brief theoretical framework in which the tourist use of geographic information systems and the conceptualization of tourist routes and their differences with itineraries are analyzed. Subsequently, the methodology used consists of two distinct phases. Initially, a quantitative study is carried out in which data on the late medieval heritage are collected and subsequently, through the use of a GIS, an index of tourist potentiality is carried out and the creation of a tourist route in the province of Cádiz (Spain). In this way the results obtained justify the route designed and the choice of municipalities, based on their greater availability of tourism resources (accessibility, hospitality etc.) and cultural (historical assets). With all this is intended the activation of a heritage that has notorious possibilities for tourism and cultural promotion, based on the common history they share and that is forged over more than two centuries. Las rutas y los itinerarios de turismo cultural son herramientas de promoción turística que han experimentado un notable desarrollo en los últimos años, gracias a su capacidad para aumentar el valor del patrimonio cultural. En este sentido, las organizaciones nacionales e internacionales, así como las iniciativas privadas, han diseñado rutas turísticas que cubren una amplia gama de temas, mientras que los itinerarios culturales han sido reconocidos a nivel institucional por organizaciones como el ICOMOS o el Consejo de Europa. El principal objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una propuesta de diseño de rutas turisticas culturales mediante el uso de un sistema de información geográfica. Para alcanzar este fin, partimos de un breve marco teórico en el que se analiza el uso turistico de los sistemas de información geográfica y la conceptualización de las rutas turísticas y sus diferencias con los itinerarios. Con posterioridad, la metodología empleada consta de dos fases bien diferenciadas. En un primer momento, se hace un estudio cuantitativo en el que se recopilan datos sobre el patrimonio bajomedieval y posteriormente, mediante el uso de un SIG, se lleva a cabo un índice de potencialidad turística y la creación de una ruta turística en la provincia de Cádiz (España). Con todo esto se pretende la activación de un patrimonio que tiene notorias posibilidades para el turismo y la promoción cultural, basado en la historia común que comparten y que se ha forjado durante más de dos siglos.

Mapping of cultural ecosystem services (CES) in marine and coastal areas is still recognised as a conceptually and technically challenging task, due to the difficulties in establishing a link between the biophysical features of the coastal ecosystem and the supply of services such as recreation and tourism, bird watching and enjoyment of other assets of nature. This was also one of the major challenges in ecosystem service mapping for the Maritime Spatial Plan for Internal Waters, Territorial Waters and Economic Exclusive Zone of the Republic of Latvia. Suitability of the coastal areas for marine tourism and leisure activities was chosen as an indicator to map the CES – physical and experiential interactions. The method involved the compilation of field data from a survey of visitors at the beach and on coastal infrastructure, serving as the input for the multi-criteria assessment of CES. Four criteria were applied to assess the suitability of the coastal areas for marine tourism and leisure activities: i) accessibility; ii) proximity to densely populated areas; iii) suitability of the area for a particular (niche) tourism or leisure activity; and iv) recreational use. The selected criteria provide an overall assessment framework, which integrates the ecosystem service potential, benefiting areas, flow and demand aspects. The CES mapping and assessment results were applied to the maritime spatial planning for proposing areas of priority for tourism development, as well as assessing the impacts of the proposed solutions for other uses of the sea. The Latvian approach for mapping of the cultural services in coastal areas was selected as the ESMERALDA case study and examined at the stakeholder workshop in Prague, September 2016.

This paper examines the relevance of social entrepreneurs in our consideration of rural destination development, which represents an important tool for rural revitalization. While many peripheral rural areas face significant challenges in terms of sustaining communities and attracting tourists, it is often social entrepreneurs, as much as traditional entrepreneurs, who are involved in developing new ideas, products and activities, as well as envisioning a future for the area. This study, which is based on cross-case analysis resulting from nine semi-structured interviews carried out in rural areas in Ireland, South Africa and USA, identifies key roles that social entrepreneurs play in terms of rural destination development; namely that of opportunists, catalysts, and network architects and this is used to build a theoretical framework within which SEs can be analyzed. By contributing to social objectives through these roles, the SEs have a significant impact on tourism and development in their rural areas, suggesting the importance of considering their contributions in wider discussions of rural destination development.

У роботі проаналізовано перспективи розвитку культурно-пізнавального туризму на Черкащині. Актуальність дослідження пояснюється недостатнім висвітленням питання культурно-пізнавального туризму на Черкащині в науковій літературі. Необхідно зазначити, що культурно-пізнавальний туризм все більше привертає увагу туристів, оскільки Черкащина – регіон, у якому мандрівники можуть не лише задовольняти потреби відпочинку, користуючись рекреаційними зонами, а й розвиватися інтелектуально і духовно, відвідуючи численні культурно-історичні пам’ятки. Метою дослідження є виявлення специфічних історико-культурних регіонів, що виступають мотивом у культурно-пізнавальному туризмі. Для досягнення мети потрібно виконати такі завдання: визначити перспективи розвитку культурно-пізнавального туризму; проаналізувати питання мотивації туристів для відвідування того чи іншого культурно-історичного об’єкта; висвітлити перспективи вирішення цих проблем. Для досягнення мети було використано наступні методи дослідження: систематизація наукової літератури і теоретичний аналіз з метою визначення стану і теоретичного обґрунтування перспектив розвитку культурно-пізнавального туризму на Черкащині, методи емпіричного дослідження: спостереження, порівняння, узагальнення. У процесі написання статті доведено, що культурно-пізнавальний туризм – це активний спосіб ознайомитися з культурою та історією свого народу. Потенційних туристів можуть зацікавити пам’ятки історії, культури, архітектури, а також релігійні об’єкти Черкащини. Зауважимо, що в досліджуваному регіоні збереглося доволі багато пам’яток матеріальної та духовної культури, які приваблюють туристів не лише з усієї України, а й з інших країн. На жаль, не всі вони перебувають у належному стані. Таким чином, Черкащина має значний культурний, історичний, економічний, потенціал для розвитку культурно-пізнавального туризму. У статті доведено, що на Черкащині доцільно запроваджувати культурнопізнавальні тури, зважаючи на наявнісь ресурсів. Збільшенню кількості туристів сприятиме реставрація культурно-історичних об’єктів і розвиток туристичної інфраструктури. The prospects for the development of cultural and educational tourism in Cherkasy region are analyzed in the paper. The relevance of the study is explained by insufficient coverage of the issue of cultural and educational tourism in Cherkasy region in scientific literature. It should be noted that cultural and educational tourism is increasingly attracting tourists, because Cherkasy region is a region where travelers can not only meet the needs of recreation, using recreational areas, but also develop intellectually and spiritually, visiting numerous cultural and historical sites. The purpose of the study is to identify specific historical and cultural regions that are the reason of cultural and educational tourism. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks must be fulfilled: to determine the prospects for the development of cultural and educational tourism; to analyze issues of tourists' motivation to visit a cultural and historical site; to determine the specific cultural and historical traditions of Cherkasy region; to feature the prospects for solving these problems. To achieve the goal, the following research methods have been used: systematization of scientific literature and theoretical analysis to determine the state and theoretical justification of the prospects for the development of cultural and educational tourism in Cherkasy region, methods of empirical research: observation, comparison, generalization. In the course of writing the article, it is proved that cultural and educational tourism is an active way to study the culture and history of the people. Potential tourists may be interested in historical, cultural, architectural monuments, as well as religious sites of Cherkasy region. It should be noted that there are many monuments of material and spiritual culture in the studied region, which attract tourists not only from all over Ukraine but also from other countries. Unfortunately, not all of them are in good condition. Thus, Cherkasy region has a significant cultural, historical, economic, educational potential for the development of cultural and educational tourism. The article proves that Cherkasy region has a considerable potential for the introduction of cultural and educational tours, given the available resources. The restoration of cultural and historical sites and the development of tourism infrastructure will contribute to increasing the number of tourists

Today, the issue of development of the tourism industry is becoming increasingly relevant, as this industry is an important component of the economic system of each country. External factors have the most significant impact on the development of tourism: natural disasters, wars, economic crises, and pandemics have had a destabilizing effect on the development of the tourism industry around the world. To avoid or reduce the impact of negative phenomena on the tourism industry of a particular country or region, it is crucial to predict the impact of external factors, identify the most important of them, and develop strategic measures to turn threats into opportunities. In the context of solving the mentioned problem, this study aims to model the impact of external factors on the level of use of tourism potential of the region. After all, tourist services and products of each country and region are unique, as they are formed under the influence of existing special natural resources, cultural heritage, environmental, social and other factors inherent only in them, and if in one country/region the influence of a certain factor can weaken the development of tourism, in another one—it can stimulate it. A method of comparison with the reference value and a method of calculating the integral indicator were used in the study. Based on the analysis, an integral indicator of the level of use of the tourist potential of the region was calculated and the method of assessing the impact of external factors on the level of tourist potential on the example of the Carpathian region of Ukraine was tested.

On the one hand, tourism is a significantly spatially differentiated socio‑economic phenomenon, bound to the attractiveness of local conditions. On the other hand, it is a sectional phenomenon which requires a high level of coordination and cooperation of all tourism stakeholders. This is the background for the practical implementation of tourism policy. The state’s conceptual activity and its institutions are irreplaceable in this respect. From this point of view, a prerequisite for quality economic‑political decisions of the existence of materials and methods, which these features respect, is necessary. One of these prerequisites is a quantitative analysis of tourism potential in the Czech Republic, which should be a basis for direct and targeted state’s interventions into the improvement of public infrastructure of tourism in the area. The main purpose of the quantitative analysis of tourism potential is to objectively measure the tourism potential, i.e., to set the criteria for the evaluation of its national, regional, and local importance and consequently, conduct a comparative analysis of the tourism areas and centers of importance according to the key types of tourism. Finally, on the basis of the processed factual, statistical and cartographic information to propose functionally spatial delimitation of tourism potential.

Tourism is an economic activity with great contribution for the development of many countries. To develop rural areas, tourism is especially important and need to be improved in these areas. The Government of Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina has decided to have tourism improvement as one of main objectives in their development strategy focusing on better conditions for development of tourism. Investments in tourism should be applied to the entire area of the Brčko District. Since Brčko District mainly consists of rural areas, it is necessary to invest in rural tourism. The first step of this study was to determine the tourist potential of rural areas. The determination of rural tourist potential in Brčko District was carried out with the assistance of the Brčko District Government. For this purpose, the method of expert decision-making was used, and three experts were selected who evaluated six rural settlements. To obtain results based on expert evaluation, two multi-criteria methods were used: the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) for determining the importance of criteria and the fuzzy Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) method to rank rural settlements in terms of their tourism potential. The results showed that the settlement of Bijela has the best rural tourist potential, while the settlement of Grbavica has the least potential. The results obtained by applying this model showed how rural tourism in Brčko District can be improved. The research model for testing the tourism potential has shown good results and can be applied in other branches of tourism with some adaptation to certain branches of tourism., This article belongs to the Special Issue Soft Computing for Sustainability, This paper has been partially funded by Department of Economics–University of Molise- Italy

This paper reviews academic research into potential tourism through inter-distsricts cooperation (IDC) in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The aim of this paper is threefold; first, to collect strategic tourism issues, in order to highlighting most important issues to avoid uncertainty. Secondly, to identify issues that are worth with cooperation. Third, to draw recommendations and follow up prospects on the development of tourism potential in the region. The paper argues that tourism development potentials through IDC in Southeast Sulawesi (Indonesia), with natural tourism and cultural tourism by involving relevant stakeholders in increasing dimensions: attractions, amenities, accessibility, human resources, industry and communities in the area of cooperation.

Стаття присвячена розгляду сучасного стану туристичного потенціалу Словаччини та аналізу можливостей підвищення його ефективності для розбудови туристичного ринку країни. Аналіз туристичного потенціалу Словаччини показав, що галузь стрімко розвивається завдяки наявності у країні унікальних природньо-рекреаційних та історико-культурних ресурсів. Однак, через недостатньо високий рівень сервісу, нерозвинену туристичну інфраструктуру, країна не у змозі реалізувати свій потенціал. Для того, щоб досягти більш високих темпів зростання туристичної галузі, Словаччина повинна реалізувати комплекс довгострокових і короткострокових цілей, визначити ключові ринки, адаптувати туристичний продукт до світового рівня, стабілізувати ринок туристичних послуг і отримати нові ринки для існуючих туристичних продуктів. З метою розкриття теми застосовується цілий ряд методик, властивих для географічних та економічних наук: методи аналізу, системний, діалектичний, економіко-порівняльний, географо-економічний. Мета цієї роботи: дослідити туристичний потенціал Словаччини та визначити можливості підвищення ефективності його використання для розбудови туристичного ринку країни. Показано, що окремі програми розвитку туристичного ринку країни, вже сьогодні успішно втілені в життя. Завдяки державно-приватного партнерства, в країні створено досить сприятливі умови для розвитку як організованого міжнародного і внутрішнього туризму, так і для самостійних подорожей. Згідно з рейтингом розвитку туризму, Словаччина є абсолютним лідером за такими показниками, як валовий внутрішній продукт на душу населення, частка туризму у ВВП, кількість іноземних туристичних поїздок, а також місце в рейтингу конкурентоспроможності туристичного сектора країни. На підставі проведених досліджень ефективності використання туристичного потенціалу країни виконано SWOT-аналіз туристичної галузі., The article is devoted to the consideration of the current state of tourism potential in Slovakia and analysis of opportunities to increase its efficiency for the development of the tourist market of the country. Analysis of the tourist potential of Slovakia showed that the industry is rapidly developing due to the presence of unique natural recreational, historical and cultural resources in the country. However, due to insufficiently high level of service, undeveloped tourism infrastructure, the country is not able to realize its potential. In order to achieve higher growth rates in the tourism industry, Slovakia needs to realize a set of long-term and short-term goals, identify key markets, adapt the tourist product to world-class, stabilize the tourism market and get new markets for existing tourist products. In order to reveal the topic, a number of techniques used for geographic and economic sciences are used: methods of analysis, systematic, dialectical, economic-comparative, geographic-economic. The purpose of this work is to explore the tourism potential of Slovakia and to determine the possibilities of increasing its efficiency in building the tourism market of the country. It is shown that individual programs of the tourist market development of the country have been successfully implemented successfully today. Thanks to the public-private partnership, the country has created quite favorable conditions for the development of both organized international and domestic tourism, as well as for independent travel. According to the tourism development rating, Slovakia is an absolute leader on such indicators as the gross domestic product per capita, the share of tourism in GDP, the number of foreign tourist trips, as well as the place in the competitiveness rating of the tourism sector of the country. Based on the research conducted on the effectiveness of the country's tourism potential, a SWOT-analysis of the tourism industry was carried out.

El presente trabajo de investigación propone lineamientos estratégicos para la gestión del turismo en el Distrito de Buenaventura. Para lo anterior, se parte de la realización de un diagnóstico, el cual incluye un análisis de las dimensiones ambiental, social, económica y político-institucional. También se realizan cuatro análisis: de la situación turística, de la oferta turística, de la demanda y uno dofa, en el que se destacan las principales debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas del turismo en Buenaventura. Con respecto al inventario de atractivos turísticos, se resaltan los principales atractivos turísticos naturalesy culturales que tiene el Distrito, con su debida descripción y definición de importancia evidenciada en la clasificación y el nivel de jerarquía que se le otorga a cada atractivo de acuerdo con las metodologías cicatur/oea y del Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo (2010). Finalmente, se establecen las áreas de acción, las estrategias, las acciones, los responsables y el tiempo que permitirán materializar los lineamientos estratégicos para la gestión del turismo en Buenaventura. Se espera que su implementación conduzca a mejorar la actual situación que el Distrito de Buenaventura tiene en esta materia. This research paper proposes strategic guidelines for the management of tourism in the district of Buenaventura. For the above, it was based on the realization of a diagnosis, which included a multidimensional analysis of the environmental, social, economic, and institutional political dimensions. An analysis of the tourist situation was also carried out, consisting of an inventory of tourist attractions, an analysis of tourism supply, a demand analysis, and a dofa analysis, highlighting its main weaknesses, opportunities, strengths and threats of tourism In Buenaventura. With respect to the Inventory of tourist attractions, the main natural and cultural tourist attractions that the district has with its proper description and definition of importance evidenced in the classification and level of hierarchy that was given to each attraction according to the methodologies cicatur/oas and the Ministry of Commerce and Tourism of Colombia (2010). Finally, the areas of action, strategies, actions, responsible and time were established that will allow to materialize the strategic guidelines for the management of tourism in Buenaventura, hoping that the implementation of these will lead to improve the current situation in this matter. Keywords: tourist attractions, tourism management, tourist inventory, tourist offer, tourism potential.

Tourism potential provides an indication for the tourism development opportunities of regions and sites. This paper deals with a multicriteria evaluation of the tourism potential in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The study area is located in the Southeast Asian monsoon tropical climatic zone, and offers both natural and cultural tourism resources. GIS-based cost distance analysis was used to calculate the travel time along the road and using other transportation networks. Then an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to determine a weighting coefficient for each criterion in multicriteria evaluation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was processed next to AHP, allowing combination of the internal and external tourism potentials of the considered sites. Both AHP and PCA approaches were based on a certain number of alternatives, and take multiple criteria and conflicting objectives into consideration. The results show that the Central Highlands have considerable potential for tourism development at 99 potential eco-tourism sites and 45 potential cultural tourism sites. However, the region is now faced with poor tourism infrastructure with low external potential. An improvement of tourism infrastructure, service quality, and strengthened linkages with other tourist sites is indicated to diversify the tourism products and increase the attractiveness of regional destinations.

Over the last decade Polish cities have become popular destinations of the foreign clubbing tourism. Interest of foreign tourists, however, is not reflected in the interest of scientists, because clubbing tourism-related issues have not been extensively studied in the literature regarding Polish cities. In this paper the authors have tried to fill this gap by analysing the potential of city break clubbing tourism in Wrocław, the city which has been selected the European Capital of Culture 2016. As part of the analysis, the following elements affecting the development of this type of tourism were examined: transport accessibility, clubbing infrastructure (discos, nightclubs and pubs), and other factors (accommodation facilities and selected tourist attractions). The transport accessibility data include only regular direct flights carried by low-cost carriers (LCC) in 2014 (number of connections, frequency of flights and ticket prices), as this type of transportation is crucial for city break tourism.

The paper analyses potentials, challenges and problems of the rural tourism from the point of view of its impact on sustainable rural development. It explores alternative sources of income for rural people by means of tourism and investigates effects of the rural tourism on agricultural production in local rural communities. The aim is to identify the existing and potential tourist attractions within the rural areas in Southern Russia and to provide solutions to be introduced in particular rural settlements in order to make them attractive for tourists. The paper includes the elaboration and testing of a methodology for evaluating the rural tourism potentials using the case of rural settlements of Stavropol Krai, Russia. The paper concludes with a ranking of the selected rural settlements according to their rural tourist capacity and substantiation of the tourism models to be implemented to ensure a sustainable development of the considered rural areas.

Apart from the forest management, National Forest Programme in the Republic of Slovenia (NFP) entails the environmental and social functions, but in practice the policy evaluation of these features has not been implemented, aside from the very rare exceptions. One such exception is the city of Celje, which partially meets the objectives set, owing to the fourteen kilometer well-maintained trails through the so-called City Forest, i.e. the urban forest in the context of the Learning Route in the tourist region of Celjska Koča. In this paper, we tackled an example of good practice, launched this year (2014) and conducted by the LTO Laufar Cerkno. The idea to do marketing of anti-stress therapies in the Slovenian forests is quite appropriate, since almost 60% of Slovenia is covered by forests. Based on the beneficial effects of certain forest types, there are at least three of them, suitable for implementing the so-called Forest Selfness Therapies owing to the great spread and representation of tree species since they, along with the therapeutic effects, promote strategic sustainable development, based on the development strategy of Slovenia tourism, as stated in Slovenian Tourism Development Strategy 2012- 2016. Given the fact that over the last decade, we have had highly positive trends, both in the growing number of tourists and overnights as well as in tourism receipts, it is logical to define a marketing concept for exploiting the social functions of the forest which are presented in this paper. The latter covers the definition of anti-stress therapies, service positioning in the market, exemplifying individual selfness products, segmentation of target customers as well as implementation of an effective marketing mix. Forest exploitation in Slovenia in terms of marketing the anti-stress therapies is definitely a niche market where Slovenia can significantly increase tourism receipts in the context of sustainable development.

SWOT analysis is one of the analysis methods that are used to evaluate the potential of tourism existing in a tourist destination. In this research, Birgi which is located within the boundaries of İzmir province, has been examined as a tourist destination in terms of strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Birgi is a city hosted many civilizations throughout history. For this reason, the region has an important potential for cultural tourism and religious tourism especially with the structures from Turkish period . On the other hand, geographical location of the region allows the development of many alternative tourism types such as winter tourism, plateau tourism and camping caravan tourism. In the region, various tourist activities such as photo safari, botanical tours, paragliding, caving, fishing, water sports, mountaineering and bicycle tours can be organized. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the region has some positive aspects as well as some negative aspects. In the conclusion part of the research, the obtained data has been evaluated and the suggestions to use the tourism potential in the region more efficiently and the sustainable devlopment of it have been offered.

“U” shaped valleys which has steep slope to the edges and wide on the bed that formed because of gully erosion in karstic field is called as canyon (canyons are quite distinctive areas in terms of the touristic aspect both formation and the ecosystem in the valley.Ulubey canyons located on Ulubey district in Usak province is one of them. Ulubey canyon and its surrounding are extremely rich in terms of natural and cultural aspects. However, has not yet been introduced with tourism in an effective way. There is not much more study related to the Ulubey canyon and its periphery with the geographical approach.This study focused on the awareness of local people to the tourism potential of Ulubey and its surroundings. Study has carried out with the implementation 5-point Likert scales that include 26 questions within 2 sections. Results have been evaluated with using the SPSS 15.0 program and are expressed in the table and graphs in the related sections. The study contributes valuable information in terms of sustainable tourism planning by giving opinions of local people who are one of the key interest groups in the tourism sector.

The different funds of European Union - ISPA, PHARE, SAPARD - ensured the possibility not only to work out developing projects, but also they provided possibility to realize them. These funds' aim was rural development, spatial development, development of economy but tourism has never been nominated. After the year of 2004 tourism received attention and several funds of European Union aimed at development of infrastructure for tourism, development of thematic routes, development of accommodation, etc. There were several strategies prepared for the Danube, and the Datourway project had its special name: Transnational Strategy for the Sustainable Territorial Development of the Danube Area with special regard to Tourism. The Danube is undervalued from the tourism point of view. In the participating countries the capitals, seaside, beaches, mountains are considered real attractions and it means that the tourism strategy for the Danube is a challenging task. The final and main outcome is not only the strategy for tourism considering the customer habits, but an Investment Guide Book pointing out the common values of destination and attraction development together with 'best practices' common projects for the different types of regions too, in order to serve the development of Danube Region.

Tourism is one of the most promising driver and contributor of the world economy having significant role in sustainable development, economic upliftment and social benefits. It has the potential to contribute towards environmental protection and poverty reduction. Prior to investment in tourism, concerned authorities must know the condition of respective tourist resources, their attractiveness and levels of touristic demand. Very few studies in Nepal have made an effort to quantify the tourism potential in cultural, historical and religious sites such as Bhaktapur Durbar Square. With an objective to assess the tourism potential of Bhaktapur Durbar Square using Weighted Sum Method, this study was carried out from start of June to the end of July in 2013. For this purpose, questionnaire survey with tourists, private businesses and public sector institutions; focus group discussion and key informant interview with tourism enterpreneur and local government officer was carried out. The tourism potential was found to be high with a strength of exceptionally rich cultural, historical and religious heritage, favourable geographical situation, positive image of local Newari food products and friendly and welcoming local people. The areas of weaknesses were lack of tourism infrastructures and services, lack of tourist information and weak management of tourist area. Hence, to utilise the tourism potential of Bhaktapur Durbar Square to the fullest for the economic upliftment of its inhabitants, promotional activities such as tourism fairs, festivals, cultural dances and events should be conducted at regular intervals with prompt security services. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 250-261 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9225

Developing tourism in an area represents the continuous process of planning and building tourist facilities, refurbishing and modernizing the existing ones, resizing them according to the types and sizes of tourist fluxes, shaping demand and offer, rendering a sustainable tourist activity. Perspective studies on the evolution of the phenomenon are necessary to design the tourist activity, following the insertion of the future area parameters into the decision models allowing them to be monitored and changed during the modelling process. Given the geographic really of space, the present study focuses on highlighting several indicators concerning tourism development in an area severely affected by economic cut backs, suggesting and also trying to monitor the social and economic effects tourism development could have upon. Besides determining the function of the territory, authors have conducted a diagnostic analysis which underlines the favourable factors of tourism, indicating, at the same time, the necessary measures to insure the best development. Thus, given the conditions of massive cut backs in the major economic sectors, the local development of tourism is of a crucial importance. As a key element of the sustainable development, tourism could provide new business and work places in the same time; it could determine the increase of incomes for the rural area habitants through the capitalization of local resources.

Nowadays the actual problem is the reduction of population in small towns thus affecting the preservation and development of territories. Due to the migration and the negative natural increase of the population, the population of Ludza district is decreasing faster than the national average. Urban tourism is a growing tourism market. World tourism trends in today's market suggest that the number of tourists attracted by cities is increasing. Development of the tourism sector is one of the priorities of Ludza town development, as it promotes employment, business development, attraction of investments, as well as recognition of town image. In general this can be seen as a significant contribution to economic development but so far in the framework of the development of the Ludza town, tourism development opportunities have not been fully identified and used, and development is necessary continuously. It is important to conduct surveys, including surveying local people and tourism experts to find out the interests of visitors. This article will analyze the main principles and objectives for tourism development in towns. The aim of the article is to theoretically justify the need for tourism planning and identification of development potential in the town, studying Ludza's example.

The objective of this study is to analyze the present and future climate-tourism conditions in Milos Island, Cyclades, Greece, by means of the assessment of the three climate components (physical, thermal, and aesthetic), which interprets the so-called climatic tourism potential. Milos Island is chosen as a representative island of the Cyclades complex in the Aegean Sea. Future climate change conditions are analyzed using the high-resolution simulations (grid size 0.11&deg, &times, 0.11&deg, ) of the Regional Climate Model ALADIN 5.2 from Centre National de Recherche Meteorologiques, Meteo France (CNRM). The climate simulations concern the future periods 2021&ndash, 2050 and 2071&ndash, 2100 against the reference period 1961&ndash, 1990, under two Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Based on regional climate simulations, the tourism potential can be described in a meaningful and simple way by applying the Climate-Tourism-Information-Scheme (CTIS), which depicts detailed climate information that could be used by tourists to foresee the thermal comfort, aesthetic, and physical conditions for planning their vacations. More specifically, the thermal climate component is interpreted by the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), which is one of the most popular physiological thermal indices based on the human energy balance. The findings of the analysis could be used by stakeholders and the tourism industry in decision-making regarding the destination of Milos for tourism planning and touristic infrastructure development.

This article is based on visitors profile study of protected area based tourist spots of Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary (RKWS), Bangladesh to ascertain the potential of ecotourism. Study findings shows that 69% male constitute the visitors group while the maximum number of visitors was found in the age of below 30 years. Most of the visitors were literate and among them 43% visitors were student. Most (53%) of visitors preferred to get recreation in holidays as they were employed. Visitors were highly preferred to come with friends group. About 92% respondents showed positive mind to come here in future while 89% respondents view that park has tourism potential. Most of the respondents reported the presence of wildlife (48%) most notable followed by plant diversity and tribal community as recreational. From χ2 test it is found that highly significance association present between tourism potentiality of the wildlife sanctuary and some demographic variable like income of tourists (χ2 = 49.138, p < 0.000), visiting pattern (χ2 = 19.344, p < 0.000), education of tourists (χ2 = 50.226, p < 0.000), travelling distance (Km - χ2 = 11.427, p < 0.022), duration of staying (χ2 = 12.867, p < 0.002), frequency of visit (χ2 = 8.456, p < 0.015), visiting time (χ2 = 6.530, p < 0.011), problem in the study area (χ2 = 14.962, p < 0.021), occupation of tourists (χ2 = 8.848, p < 0.031). If the problems addressed by the visitors were solved, RKWS would be a bright place of eco-tourism in Bangladesh.

The development of the tourism sector in Wonogiri Regency is still more left behind than PacitanRegency and Gunungkidul Regency. This problem may possibility by the weakness in the policy fromWonogiri Regency Government. Thus, we need research which have purposes : (1) to know economicdevelopment in Wonogiri Regency (2) to know tourism objects which have potential amendable,(3) to know efficiency from tourism objects management, and (3) formulate direction and strategiesdevelopment of potential tourism object for sustainable development. Spot of the research in 40tourism objects with survey and interview respondent. Analysis data use entropi method, scoringmethod, description method, DEA method, AHP method, IFAS method, EFAS method, Matrix IEmethod, Matrix Space method and A’WOT method. The results show five county with best economicdevelopment are Wonogiri, Ngadirojo, Pracimantoro, Jatisrono and Baturetno; there five tourismobjects with potentially classification to develop are Setren Girimanik, Sendang Asri, Karamba Cakaran,Puppet Tourism Village Kepuhsari and Karst Museum; Tourism objects with efficient management areSetren Girimanik, Sendang Asri and Karst Museum; Tourism management from Gunungkidul Regencycan adapt in Wonogiri Regency; Priority strategies which recommended are make four tourism regionand increasing tourism objects accessibility.

Tourism is one of the major export items of Turkey, contributing significantly to its gross national products. Over the past two decades, tourism has become a very important industry to the economy of a large number of both coastal and inland Turkish cities. The key to continued attraction of visitors to Turkey in significant numbers requires a careful coordination of marketing and planning of tourism supply resources. Thus, it is the objective of this study to define, analyze, and classify cities based on their supply indicators. This study employs a regional analytical method developed by Smith. Using a factor analysis of supply indicators, the study attempts to identify the extent of tourism development in each of the cities in Turkey. The resultant factor scores of supply resources are then used as independent variables in two subsequent analyses: (1) to cluster cities in order to delineate the level of development as suggested by supply indicators, and (2) to establish a relationship between supply and demand measures. The latter is achieved by regressing select demand measures on the delineated factor groupings of supply indicators. Then, appropriate planning, marketing, and resource allocation implications are provided for select city destinations.

Currently, Indonesia is increasing the role of Tourism as a contributing State Foreign Exchange. Batam is the 3rd contributors Foreign Tourists in Indonesia after Bali and Jakarta. This study aims to analyze and describe the potential of Batam City Tourism in order to capture Foreign Tourist so that it can contribute as much as 3.47% of the total foreign exchange of Indonesia. Its function is to be able to apply other regions in Indonesia. The focus of the analysis is Attraction Destination, Destination Facility, Accessibility, Imagery, and Price. By using descriptive qualitative analysis and interview for data retrieval. The result of the research indicates that the Destination is less attractive for foreign tourists in Batam because they interested in Destination that offer complete facilities and easiness of the accessibility. In addition, the Batam’s image are safe, comfortable, and the prices are relatively cheaper because Rupiah value compare than other currencies.

Natural tourist destination management plays a crucial role in materializing three important aspects, namely conservation, participation, and education. As a tourist destination, Kelimutu National Park, possessing a big ecosystem potential, tourist and cultural potentials, is expected to provide economy, culture, and conservation impacts on the society surrounding Kelimutu National Park. The problem of this study is how the variety of ecotourism potential in Kelimutu National Park is able to prosper the surrounding society. To answer this question, the definition of ecotourism, national park, national park ecotourism, and ecotourism potential need to be understood. Several methods used in answering the problems of the study are finding out the location of Kelimutu National Park, collecting qualitative data by conducting library research and participatory observation. The results were conceptually described, supported by tables and pictures.

Sustainable tourism is an important element of modern tourism, which are strictly controlled by the impact of tourism on the environment. Balanced ecological, economic and sociocultural components of tourism are therefore more frequently mentioned in the programs and strategies of tourism development. Sustainable tourism is particularly applicable to the development of tourism in the category of protected natural areas. These natural systems (national parks, nature parks, nature reserves and natural monuments) are all interesting areas for various segments of the tourist. Typically, this is ecotourism - a modern form of tourism in which through education, volunteering, learning about nature, we help protect and preserve nature. Tourism development in protected natural areas is particularly sensitive, and as such it involves the determination of carrying capacity, limits of acceptable changes, environmental impact assessment, tourism zoning and designing codes of ethics that would help tourists to coordinate their activities with the values of the environment. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 176008]