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Background and aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become a major cause of liver transplantation and liver-associated death. NASH is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and different degrees of fibrosis. However, there is no US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication to treat this devastating disease. Therapeutic activators of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been proposed as a potential treatment for metabolic diseases such as NASH. Cordycepin, a natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, has recently emerged as a promising drug candidate for metabolic diseases. Approach and results We evaluated the effects of cordycepin on lipid storage in hepatocytes, inflammation, and fibrosis development in mice with NASH. Cordycepin attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and lipotoxicity in hepatocytes subjected to metabolic stress. In addition, cordycepin treatment significantly and dose-dependently decreased the elevated levels of serum aminotransferases in mice with diet-induced NASH. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatic fibrosis in mice. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies revealed that a key mechanism linking the protective effects of cordycepin were AMPK phosphorylation-dependent, as indicated by the finding that treatment with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C abrogated cordycepin-induced hepatoprotection in hepatocytes and mice with NASH. Conclusion Cordycepin exerts significant protective effects against hepatic steatosis, inflammation, liver injury, and fibrosis in mice under metabolic stress through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Cordycepin might be an AMPK activator that can be used for the treatment of NASH.

Tight gas is currently an important area for the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources at home and abroad. However, due to the low permeability and high-water saturation characteristics of tight gas reservoirs, gas wells exhibit low productivity, rapid decline in production, and water production in some wells. Such characteristics have reduced the single-well EUR to a certain extent, affecting the recovery rate of the gas reservoir. For new blocks, single-well EUR is the basic condition for long-term high and stable production of oil and gas wells. It is an important indicator for evaluating development effects, analyzing development potential, and formulating development-specific measures. How to quickly and accurately predict and analyze single-well EUR has always been tight Important research work for the development of gas. This paper takes the tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Bajiaochang block as an example. Based on the analysis of the production characteristics of the implemented wells, the production instability analysis method is used to analyze the variation rules and control factors of the single well EUR at different stages, and establish a single well EUR forecast analysis. plate. The analysis results show that the single-well EUR calculation result is more reliable for more than 2 years of continuous production, and can reach more than 80% of the final value. This method provides convenience for the rapid and accurate prediction of single-well EUR, and has a better field application effect.

At present, CNOOC has a large number of bottom water reservoirs developed by horizontal wells in the production oilfields, but the overall geological reserves of the oilfields are relatively low. The biggest problem facing this type of reservoir development and adjustment and tapping is the separation of the reservoir. The identification and quantitative characterization of the development characteristics of interlayer space. Therefore, in this paper, by formulating standards for the identification of barriers and intercalations, in-depth study of the profile and plane distribution characteristics of barriers and intercalations, and carrying out studies on the anatomy and characterization of the distribution of marine sandstone reservoirs. The results of the study show that the distribution of the study area on the profile is mainly composed of interlayers in the southwest and northwest of the legal person of the study area, with good connectivity and continuity. The distribution of interlayers on the plane is mainly muddy. Mainly with mezzanine, the research results in this paper are helpful to improve the accuracy of the anatomy of marine sandstone reservoir stacking relationship and the characterization accuracy of interlayer distribution, and improve the development effect of this type of reservoir.