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PurposePackaging links products to consumers by delivering messages to promote healthy food consumption and reduce wastage. However, studies point to a knowledge gap and skepticism among consumers regarding the impact of eco-design packaging on food wastage reduction. To demystify this skepticism and fill the knowledge gap, this study aims to examine consumers’ perceived risks in eco-design packaging and their impact on consumer food wastage.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted to identify consumer-perceived risks in eco-design packaging and explain whether, and why, some dimensions of perceived risk are more influential on consumer food wastage decisions.FindingsConsumers are prevented by financial, physical, functional, temporal and social factors from adopting eco-design packaging. Through structural equation modeling, we find consumer perceived risks in eco-design packaging influence their food wastage decisions through health consciousness and environmental awareness.Practical implicationsThis study provides practical suggestions for packaging manufacturers, the food industry and policymakers.Originality/valueDrawing on the perceived risk theory, this research highlights that the impacts of consumer-perceived risks differ, depending on the dimensions considered in their food wastage decision.

Yueping Chen,1,* Junli Ren,2,3,* Naiping Yang,2,3,* Honghao Huang,2,3 Xueting Hu,2,3 Fangyue Sun,2,3 Tian Zeng,2,3 Xinbo Zhou,2,3 Wenjing Pan,2,3 Jingyu Hu,2,3 Beibei Gao,4 Shunkai Zhang,2 Guangyong Chen2 1Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this work.Correspondence: Shunkai Zhang; Guangyong ChenDepartment of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 108 Wansong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail shunkaizhang@126.com; gychen6@126.comBackground: Eosinophil and monocyte have been demonstrated separately to be independent predictors of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to evaluate the association between eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR) and 3-month clinical outcome after treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for AIS patients. Simultaneously, we made a simple comparison with other prognostic indicators, such as 24h neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and 24h platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) to investigate the prognostic value of EMR.Methods and Results: A total of 280 AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis were retrospectively recruited for this study. Complete blood count evaluations for EMR were conducted on 24 hours admission. The poor outcome at 3-month was defined as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 3– 6 and the mRS score for death was 6. The EMR levels in patients with AIS were lower than those in the healthy controls and showed a negative correlation with the NIHSS score. At the 3-month follow-up, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated an association among EMR, poor outcome and mortality. In addition, EMR had a higher predictive ability than popular biomarkers like NLR and PLR for 3-month mortality.Conclusion: The lower levels of EMR were independently associated with poor outcome and dead status in AIS patients.Keywords: acute ischemic stroke, eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio, intravenous thrombolysis, treatment outcome, modified rankin scale

Yiyun Weng,1,* Tian Zeng,2,3,* Honghao Huang,2,3,* Junli Ren,2,3 Jianing Wang,2,3 Chenguang Yang,2,3 Wenjing Pan,2,3 Jingyu Hu,2,3 Fangyue Sun,2,3 Xinbo Zhou,2,3 Haojie Qiu,2,3 Yufan Gao,2,3 Beibei Gao,4 Lifen Chi,3 Guangyong Chen3 1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Guangyong ChenDepartment of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 108 Wansong Road, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13777770788Fax +86-577-65623263Email gychen6@126.comLifen ChiDepartment of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail chilifenry@126.comBackground and Purpose: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a novel inflammation index derived from counts of circulating platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes, has been studied in developing incident cancer. However, the clinical value of SII in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients had not been further investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between SII and severity of stroke as well as 3-month outcome of AIS patients.Methods: A total of 216 AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and 875 healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively recruited. Blood samples were collected within 24h after admission. Severity of stroke was assessed by the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores on admission and poor 3-month functional outcome was defined as Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) > 2.Results: SII levels in AIS patients were higher than in HCs. The cut-off value of SII is 545.14× 109/L. Patients with SII > 545.14× 109/L had higher NIHSS scores (median: 5 vs 9, p < 0.001), a positive correlation between SII and NIHSS was observed (rs = 0.305, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that high SII was one of the independent risk factors for poor prognosis at 3 months of AIS patients (OR = 3.953, 95% CI = 1.702– 9.179, p = 0.001). The addition of SII to the conventional prognostic model improved the reclassification (but not discrimination) of the functional outcome (net reclassification index 39.3%, p = 0.007).Conclusion: SII is correlated with stroke severity at admission and can be a novel prognostic biomarker for AIS patients treated with IVT.Keywords: systemic immune-inflammation index, ischemic stroke, inflammation, prognosis

CRISPR/Cas9 is a preferred genome editing tool and has been widely adapted to ranges of disciplines, from molecular biology to gene therapy. A key prerequisite for the success of CRISPR/Cas9 is its capacity to distinguish between single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) on target and homologous off-target sites. Thus, optimized design of sgRNAs by maximizing their on-target activity and minimizing their potential off-target mutations are crucial concerns for this system. Several deep learning models have been developed for comprehensive understanding of sgRNA cleavage efficacy and specificity. Although the proposed methods yield the performance results by automatically learning a suitable representation from the input data, there is still room for the improvement of accuracy and interpretability. Here, we propose novel interpretable attention-based convolutional neural networks, namely CRISPR-ONT and CRISPR-OFFT, for the prediction of CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA on- and off-target activities, respectively. Experimental tests on public datasets demonstrate that our models significantly yield satisfactory results in terms of accuracy and interpretability. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how RNA-guide Cas9 nucleases scan the mammalian genome. Data and source codes are available at https://github.com/Peppags/CRISPRont-CRISPRofft.

Purpose This study aimed to explore the relation between lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (LHR) and pulmonary function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients compared with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Patients and Methods In total, 154 participants (n = 77 with COPD and n = 77 without COPD) were recruited. LHR, NLR, PLR, lung function and other data were collected and compared. Pearson's correlation test and the receiver operating characteristics curves were used to compare the utility of LHR, NLR and PLR. Besides, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results COPD patients with poorer lung function had a lower LHR level (P < 0.001). In low LHR group, more patients underwent greater airflow limitation than the other group (P = 0.006). LHR positively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second in percent of the predicted value (FEV1%) (r = 0.333, P = 0.003). At a cut-off value of 2.08, the sensitivity and specificity of LHR in predicting FEV1% < 50 were 93.2% and 55.6%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.770 (P = 0.001) better than NLR and PLR. Based on logistic regression analyses, it was proved that LHR was associated with decreased risk of FEV1

Relying on the cognitivist cost–benefit approach, this research investigates the antecedents of consumer boycotts. It examines the effects of poor performance on corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions (i.e., respect for the environment, ethics statements, philanthropic activities, respect for consumers, and respect for employees) on consumer intentions to boycott a retailer. A total of 602 consumers were surveyed in the province of Quebec, Canada. The findings of a logistical regression show that consumers are more likely to boycott retailers for abstract ideological motives (respect for the environment, philanthropic activities) than for more concrete purposes (respect for consumers, ethics statements, respect for employees), thereby confirming that consumers do not react in a similar fashion to the different CSR dimensions. This article is of interest to retailers as it provides actionable insights to improve CSR practices (social and environmental policy) to reduce the likelihood of consumer boycotts.

Neutrophil counts to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) is a relatively new and readily available indicator, and our study aimed to demonstrate its relationship with short-term prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and to make a simple comparison with other prognostic indicators. We compared demographic and laboratory characteristics of AIS patients and healthy controls and grouped AIS patients according to NHR tertiles to contrast 3-month outcomes. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were carried to further analyze the relationship between NHR and prognosis. Moreover, we compared the accuracy of several factors using receiver-operating characteristic curve. NHR levels of AIS patients were higher than those of healthy controls (p

Eco-design packaging is a potential tool to reduce food waste. However, the absence of a theoretical basis regarding the relationships between eco-design packaging and consumer food waste behavior ...

Sevoflurane (Sev) is one of the most widely used pediatric anesthetics. The major concern of neonatal repeated application of Sev is its potential long-term impairment of cognition and learning/memory, for which there still lacks effective treatment. At the cellular level, Sev exerts toxic effects in multiple aspects, making it difficult for effective interference. Melatonin is a pineal hormone regulated by and feedbacks to biological rhythm at physiological condition. Recent studies have revealed significant neuroprotective effects of exogenous melatonin or its agonists under various pathological conditions. Whether melatonin could prevent the long-term toxicity of Sev remains elusive. Here, we report that neonatal repeated Sev exposure up-regulated MT1 receptor in hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes. Pretreatment with melatonin significantly alleviated Sev-induced synaptic deficiency, dysmyelination, and long-term learning impairment. Both MT1-shRNA and MT1 knockout effectively blocked the protective effects of melatonin on synaptic development, myelination, and behavior performance. Interestingly, long-lasting suppression of Wnt signaling, instead of cAMP/PKA signaling, was observed in hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes after neonatal Sev exposure. Pharmacologically activating Wnt signaling rescued both the long-term synaptic deficits and dysmyelination induced by Sev. Further analysis showed that MT1 receptor co-expressed well with β-catenin and Axin2 and bound to β-catenin by its C-terminal. Melatonin pretreatment effectively rescued Sev-induced Wnt suppression. Wnt signaling inhibitor XAV939 significantly compromised the protective effects of melatonin. Taken together, our data demonstrated a beneficial effect of melatonin pretreatment on the long-term synaptic impairment and dysmyelination induced by neonatal Sev exposure, and a novel MT1 receptor-mediated interaction between melatonin and canonical Wnt signaling, indicating that melatonin may be clinically applied for improving the safety of pediatric Sev anesthesia.

Maternal exposure to sevoflurane can impose significant neurocognitive risks on the developing brain of infants. Several studies have indicated that oligodendrocytes may be involved in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity, but the concrete effects of sevoflurane on the development and myelination of oligodendrocytes remain unclear. In this study, we assessed fetal myelination and neural behavior after maternal exposure to sevoflurane. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice (gestational day 15.5) were exposed to sevoflurane (2.5%) for 6 h. The cognitive function and motor coordination of offspring (8 weeks of age) were determined via the novel object recognition test, the Morris water maze test and the accelerating rotarod test. Proliferation and differentiation of cultured oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were detected via immunocytochemistry. Expression and ultrastructure of myelin in the fetal hippocampus were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Myelin-associated genes and proteins were tested via qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting. The functionality of myelin was evaluated by electrophysiology. The results showed that maternal exposure to sevoflurane induced cognitive and motor impairments in infants, accompanied by inhibitions of OPC proliferation and differentiation, and damages of myelin structure. Myelin-associated genes and proteins (including MBP, Olig1, PDNFRα, Sox10, etc.) were downregulated. The conduction velocity of axons also declined. These results suggested that maternal exposure to sevoflurane could induce detrimental effects on cognitive and motor functions in offspring, which might be associated with disrupted myelination of oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus.

Background and PurposeBlood eosinophil counts are thought to be associated with atherosclerosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and AIS severity. We aimed to investigate 1): the temporal profile of eosinophil in AIS patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA); 2): The association between dynamic eosinophil and 3-month outcomes in different AIS etiologies; 3): incremental predictive ability of dynamic eosinophil adding to conventional model; and 4): the longitudinal change of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and compared its prognostic value with eosinophils.MethodsA total of 623 AIS patients with intravenous thrombolysis in two hospitals were included. Blood samples were obtained on admission, within 24 h after an intravenous thrombolysis and on the seventh day. A multivariate logistic regression model with restricted cubic spline was performed to explore the association between dynamic eosinophil and a 3-month poor outcome. C-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were adopted to explore the incremental predictive ability.ResultsPercent change in eosinophil counts after intravenous thrombolysis was median −25.00% (IQR −68.25%–+14.29%). Decrease in eosinophil >75% after intravenous thrombolysis was associated with 2.585 times risk for poor outcome and 13.836 times risk for death. However, the association were weak for patients outside of cardioembolic stroke. Adding eosinophil changes to a conventional model improved the discriminatory ability of poor outcome (NRI = 53.3%; IDI = 2.2%) and death (NRI = 101.0%; IDI = 6.9%).ConclusionsDynamic decrease in eosinophil after intravenous thrombolysis predicts a 3-month poor outcome and death in AIS patients with r-tPA treatment and improved the predictive ability of conventional model. However, this result needs to be interpreted carefully in non-cardioembolic AIS patients.

Background and PurposeMounting researches have illuminated that the neutrophil-related ratios were related to the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, few have compared their predictive value and accuracy. To make such comparison and identify the best indicator on the 90-day outcome, we investigated biomarkers including neutrophil ratio (Nr), neutrophil count (Nc), lymphocyte (L), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet (P or PLT), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), NLR-to-platelet ratio (NLR/PLT), eosinophil (E), neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER), monocyte (M), and monocyte-to-neutrophil ratio (MNR).MethodsThis retrospective study recruited 283 AIS and 872 healthy controls (HCs) receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Blood samples were collected after 24 h of admission before IVT. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to explore whether these ratios differentiated AIS and HCs. We applied univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate the prediction effect of these ratios separately or added in the model and figured out a clinical prediction model. To estimate the discrimination and calibration of the new models, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, DeLong method, and likelihood ratio test (LR test) were utilized.ResultsPSM showed that Nr, Nc, NLR, P, PNR, NLR/PLT, NER, and MNR facilitates the differentiation of the HCs and AIS. Among the eight biomarkers, PNR and MNR could differentiate the 90-day outcome, and it was found out that PNR performed better. Univariate regression analysis demonstrated that PNR was the only independent predictor which needs no adjustment. Besides, the multivariate regression analysis, Delong method, and LR test indicated that among the neutrophil-related ratios, NLR, PNR, NLR/PLT, NER, and MNR exerted little influence on the discrimination but could enhance the calibration of the base model, and NER proved to work best.ConclusionLow PNR was the best indicator among the neutrophil-related ratios tin predicting a poor 90-day outcome of AIS patients. Moreover, high NER performed best when predicting the 90-day outcome to improve the calibration of the base model.

Background and Purpose: The eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (ENR) was recently reported as a novel inflammatory marker in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, few studies reported the predictive value of ENR in AIS patients, especially for those with intravenous thrombolysis.Methods: Two hundred sixty-six AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis were retrospectively recruited in this study and followed up for 3 months and 1 year. The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the time of death were recorded. Poor outcome was defined as mRS 3–6. After excluding patients who were lost to follow-up, the remaining 250 patients were included in the 3-month prognosis analysis and the remaining 223 patients were included in the 1-year prognosis analysis.Results: ENR levels in the patients were lower than those in the healthy controls. The optimal cutoff values for the ability of ENR × 102 to predict 3-month poor outcome were 0.74 with 67.8% sensitivity and 77.3% specificity. Patients with ENR × 102 ≥ 0.74 have a lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (median: 7 vs. 11, p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, patients with ENR × 102 ≥ 0.74 were more likely to come to a better 3-month outcome (OR = 0.163; 95% CI, 0.076–0.348, p < 0.001). At the 1-year follow-up, the patients with ENR × 102 ≥ 0.74 showed a lower risk of mortality (HR = 0.314; 95% CI, 0.135–0.731; p = 0.007).Conclusions: A lower ENR is independently associated with a 3-month poor outcome and a 3-month and 1-year mortality in AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis.

Deriving the precise satellites orbits is a prerequisite condition for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to provide the high precision positioning service. With GPS observations from low earth orbiters (LEOs) and terrestrial tracking stations, the orbit and clock parameters of GPS and LEO satellites can be estimated by a simultaneous least squares adjustment, called the combined precise orbit determination (CPOD) method. We select GPS data from three LEOs (GRACE, HY2A and Jason-2) and 150 terrestrial stations over half-month period to investigate the improved performance for GPS orbits when LEO GPS data are included in the process of POD. With the inclusion of LEO GPS data, the improved levels of GPS orbits are analyzed for different types of LEOs and different station networks. First the effect of LEO satellite with different orbital altitude and inclination on GPS orbits is analyzed under three ground station networks. Results show that the improved differences among different LEOs can achieve at millimeter and centimeter level for global and regional station networks, respectively. Then comparative experiments of POD with/without three LEOs are designed for global well-distributed (GW), global regional (GR), Asian-overseas regional (AOR) and Asian regional (AR) station networks, including fourteen station networks. The orbit accuracy of both GPS and LEO satellites and the improved level for GPS orbits are summarized. With the inclusion of three LEOs, contributions from LEO GPS data are comparative in GW and GR cases (more than 30 stations), 3D RMS for GPS orbits improving at mm level w.r.t. corresponding ground-only POD. With 20 stations, the improved levels are 4, 11 and 31 mm in the case of GW, AOR and AR, respectively; with 10 stations, the corresponding improved levels are 16, 24 and 87 mm. The improvements in GW and AOR cases are insignificant, within 3 cm level. In the AR case, the improved level can achieve at decimeter level, while the orbit accuracy with the inclusion of three LEOs is comparative to the inclusion of 5 ground stations evenly distributed in a non-regional area (i.e. AOR case). This study is helpful for deriving the final post-products or broadcast ephemerids for GNSS satellites when considering joining LEO data into the process of orbit determination.

Background: Origin recognition complex (ORC) 1, ORC2, ORC3, ORC4, ORC5 and ORC6, form a replication-initiator complex to mediate DNA replication, which play a key role in carcinogenesis, while their role in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) remains poorly understood.Methods: We confirmed the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, DNA alteration, DNA methylation, miRNA network, protein structure, PPI network, functional enrichment, immune infiltration and prognostic value of ORCs in LUAD based on Oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, cBioportal, TCGA, GeneMANIA, Metascape, KM-plot, GENT2, and TIMER database. Results: ORC mRNA and protein were both enhanced obviously based on Oncomine, Ualcan, GEPIA, TCGA and HPA database. Furthermore, ORC1 and ORC6 have significant prognostic values for LUAD patients based on GEPIA database. Protein structure, PPI network, functional enrichment and immune infiltration analysis indicated that ORC complex cooperatively accelerate the LUAD development by promoting DNA replication, cellular senescence and metabolic process. Conclusion: the ORC complex has an important prognostic and expression significance for LUAD patients.

Background The red cell index (RCI) was described as a biomarker for evaluating respiratory function in previous studies, but the relationship between RCI and stroke, remained a mystery. The present study aimed to probe the association between RCI at 24‐hr and 3‐month mortality and functional outcomes among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r‐tPA). Methods A total of 217 AIS patients between January 2016 and January 2019 were recruited in this retrospective study. AIS patients were grouped in terms of RCI tertiles. Predictive factors were confirmed via multivariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the ability of RCI in predicting mortality. In addition, the risk of 3‐month all‐cause mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard model. Results We grouped AIS patients into tertiles with the purpose of comparing clinical factors and RCI levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis presented that RCI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.443, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.167–1.786], p = 0.001) was an independent biomarker for 3‐month all‐cause mortality. The best cutoff value of RCI was 2.41 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.639, 95% CI [0.501–0.778], p = .032), with a sensitivity of 40.9% and a specificity of 89.7%. Cox survival analysis demonstrated a positive significant correlation between RCI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.332, 95% CI [1.148–1.545], p, This is the first article on the prognostic value of red cell index in AIS patients treated with r‐tPA. There is no correlation between red cell index and 3‐month poor outcome. Red cell index is significantly associated with 3‐month mortality. ​

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC), a serious gynecological malignant disease, remains an enormous challenge in early diagnosis and medical treatment. Based on GEO and TCGA database by R language, Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) were confirmed separately on the tool of bioinformatic analysis. ESM1 has been demonstrated that up-regulated in multiple cancer types, but the oncogenetic mechanism of ESM1 in promoting OC is still largely unknown. Methods: In the study, we used WGCNA network and Random survival forest variable screening to filtered out ESM1 in OC differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Next, we confirmed the mRNA and protein levels of ESM1 in OC samples via PCR and IHC. The correlation between ESM1 level and clinical data of OC patients were further confirmed, including FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. The role of ESM1 in OC development were explored by several functional experimentations in vivo and in vitro. Then, the molecular mechanisms of ESM1 was further elucidated by bioinformatic end experimental analysis. Results: ESM1 was significantly up-regulated in OC, which positively with PFS but negatively with OS. ESM1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, apoptosis escaping, cell cycle, angiogenesis migration and invasion via multiple experiments. Moreover, GSVA analysis found that ESM1 was associated with the Akt pathway, and our results also supported the prediction. Conclusion: ESM1 was closely correlated with OC development and progression, and it could be considered a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for OC patients. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol was in line with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the research ethics committee of University of South China and the research ethics committee of Shenzhen University. Informed consent to participate in the study. was obtained from each patient that was recruited

BackgroundStress hyperglycemia manifests as transient hyperglycemia in the context of illness with or without known diabetes, which may cause poor clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. The present study intended to evaluate the association between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and 1-year clinical outcome after treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) for AIS patients and compare the predictive effect of fasting glucose concentration, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and SHR. MethodsData from 205 AIS patients following thrombolytic therapy with r-tPA in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from Apr. 2016 to Apr. 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. We grouped AIS patients according to SHR tertiles to contrast the 1-year clinical outcome. Multivariate regression analysis was carried to further analyze the association between SHR and AIS prognosis. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used for the purpose of comparing the prognostic effects of fasting glucose concentration, HbA1c and SHR on AIS patients. ResultsSHR was an independent predictor for 1-year poor outcome (OR 1.447; 95% CI, 1.124-1.864, p = 0.004) but not the mortality of AIS patients. Restricted cubic spline regression showed a linear relationship between SHR and the odds of poor outcome. Furthermore, SHR is a fair predictor to predict 1-year poor outcome. The cut-off value of SHR levels was 0.79 with 71.0% sensitivity and 72.0 % specificity. ConclusionsThe increased SHR was strongly associated with 1-year poor outcome following thrombolytic therapy with r-tPA. Meanwhile, SHR had higher predictive value for prognosis of AIS patients than fasting glucose concentration and HbA1c. Trial registration Retrospectively registered

Objective: Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), gene which are associated with risk of obesity. Since obesity is an established risk factor of cancer, several studies have examined the association between SNPs near the MC4R gene and cancer risk, but the findings are inconsistent. The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to clarify the association between SNPs near MC4R and cancer risk. Methods: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for potentially eligible publications. All studies that evaluated the association between MC4R rs17782313 SNP (or its proxy rs12970134) and cancer risk were included. The pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. And subgroup analysis by cancer type (colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer and breast cancer) was conducted for further investigate the association. Results: A total of 6 eligible studies (6517 cases and 16,886 controls) were included in the present meta-analysis. The results indicated that MC4R rs17782313 SNP was moderately associated with cancer risk (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.24). However, the subgroup analysis between different cancer types shows that rs17782313 is only associated with colorectal cancer but not the endometrial cancer and breast cancer. Risk factor in colorectal cancer was both significantly associated with rs17782313 with and without adjustment for body mass index; while the risk factor of the endometrial cancer and breast cancer were both not associated with the rs17782313 with and without adjustment for body mass index. There was no publication bias for the association between MC4R rs17782313 and cancer risk. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis confirmed the moderate association between MC4R rs17782313 and cancer risk.

There is increasing concern about the uncombined (UC) observation model in the field of global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Based on the global positioning system (GPS) and the third-generation BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS-3), this study processed the UC precision orbit determination (POD) for single and dual systems. First, a UC observation model suitable for multi-GNSS POD was derived, and the ionospheric-free (IF) combination observation model was presented. Although the ambiguity parameters of UC and IF strategies were different after reparameterization, the difference could be removed when processing ambiguity resolution, and the equivalence was proved theoretically. To demonstrate the accuracy of BDS-3 orbits fully, the observation data of approximately 1 month were selected for determining the precise orbit for global positioning system (GPS) only, BDS-3 only, and GPS/BDS-3 systems based on the UC and IF models. The orbit precision of BDS-3 satellites was validated by using metrics, including comparison with precision products released by Wuhan University, orbit boundary discontinuity, and satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals. The results show that the orbit accuracies of the IF and UC models are almost the same, the difference in orbits is approximately several millimeters, and the clock difference is within 0.01 ns. The GPS/BDS-3 combined solution shows better accuracy compared to other solutions. The average accuracies in the R and 3D directions are approximately 4 and 15 cm, and the clock standard deviation is approximately 0.2 ns compared to external orbit product. The root mean square of SLR residuals is approximately 4 cm.

With the continuous refinement of multi-GNSS and multi-frequency data processing, there is an increasing interest for the observation model based on uncombined (UC) strategy. Ambiguity resolution is an important issue in the field of GNSS. The ambiguity fixing of wide-lane (WL) is based on the MW combination of pseudo-range and carrier phase observations, with the geometry-free and ionospheric-free (IF) characteristic. A significant disadvantage of MW combination is that it is contaminated by pseudorange observations. This study proposes a method that does not need to use MW combination to derive the WL ambiguity. Instead, the original UC float ambiguity is used to obtain the WL ambiguity. The float ambiguity obtained through parameter adjustment is measured using the carrier phase observation, which is more accurate than the MW combination observations. The new method is applied to the dual-frequency UC precision orbit determination experiment. The residual distribution of WL DD ambiguity is first analyzed, and results show that the new method is closer to the integer value than the residual distribution of the MW strategy. Then use the GPS observation data of about one month to verify orbital accuracy of the new method, and compare with results of the UC and IF strategies, respectively. Results show that the orbit and clock products obtained by the new method receive the best accuracy. The new method is also applicable to other UC ambiguity resolution situations, such as UC precise positioning.

Since the ground monitoring stations layout for BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) is regional, the problem of bad orbit precision of BDS satellites needs to be resolved. Many scholars propose to use the low earth orbit (LEO) spaceborne observations to enhance the precise orbit determination (POD) of navigation satellites. In this contribution, the orbit determination enhancement of global positioning system (GPS) is researched by adding three LEOs under the Asia-Pacific regional station distribution based on measured data. Combining the three LEOs, GRACE-A, HY2A, Jason-2 and 6, 10 and 20 regional stations, respectively, four experimental designs are processed: the ground-only POD, the combined POD with ground stations and 1, 2 and 3 LEOs, respectively. Results show that the improvement of GPS satellite orbits is excellent when adding LEO GPS data, with the biggest percentage of 72.6%. The less ground stations and adding the more LEOs, the improvement of orbit precision is bigger. When joining in different types of LEO, the more LEOs, the improved differentiation is more obvious.

Background/Aims: Relevant markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) may serve as commonly used biomarkers of ovarian cancer (OC). However, their actual clinicopathological and prognostic significance remains inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association between the expression of CSC-relevant markers (ALDH1, CD117, CD133, and CD44) and OC. Methods: We used an odds ratio (OR) and a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the effects by analyzing 52 studies from a literature search. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were evaluated, as well. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger tests. Results: ALDH1 expression was statistically associated with FIGO stage (OR=1.872, 95%CI=1.14-3.076, P=0.013) and lymph invasion (OR=2.78, 95%CI=1.08-7.152, P=0.034). CD117 expression was significantly associated with FIGO stage (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.35-2.98, P=0.001). CD133 expression was correlated with FIGO stage (OR=3.410, 95%CI=2.196-5.294, P< 0.001) and differentiation grade (OR=2.672, 95%CI=1.354-5.272, P=0.005). CD44s was related to chemotherapy resistance (OR=3.218, 95%CI=1.148-9.016, P=0.026). Furthermore, overexpression of ALDH1 (HR=1.494, 95%CI=1.207-1.849, P< 0.001), CD117 (HR=1.395, 95%CI=1.025-1.898, P=0.034) or CD44s (HR=1.725, 95%CI=1.135-2.623, P=0.011) was associated with poor OS. Further, overexpression of both ALDH1 (HR=1.524, 95%CI=1.158-2.007, P=0.003) and CD44s (HR=2.12, 95%CI=1.692-2.657, P< 0.001) was correlated with worse DFS. Conclusion: CSC markers are useful predictive or prognostic biomarkers for OC in clinical assessments. Combined detection of CSC marker expression may be a powerful tool for prognostic predictions in clinical practice for patients with OC.

Compared with the conventional solid gravity anchor, one new type hollow anchor is designed to improve the stability and maneuverability of the gravity anchor. One water channel is dug through the center line of a traditional solid anchor to decrease the rotation angle and the drift distance when anchoring. In this study, scaled models of one traditional solid gravity anchor and one new type hollow gravity anchor are released under the water, and their anchoring processes are experimentally recorded and numerically simulated. Because the large-scale six-DOF motion of the anchor may lead to the unexpected dynamic mesh distortion, a six-DOF motion-based zonal mesh update (MBZMU) strategy is developed to control the mesh quality and guarantee the convergence and accuracy of the numerical results. As expected, simulated numerical anchoring processes of the two gravity anchor models agree well with the experimental measurements. Additionally, both the anchoring time and deviation of the hollow gravity anchor model are smaller than those of the solid anchor model during anchoring, indicating better practical and economic value of the hollow gravity anchors in engineering.

Propofol, a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent during surgery, has relatively widespread pharmacological actions. Previous studies have reported that propofol may act as an antitumor drug in several cancer types, such as pancreatic cancer, lung cancer and gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanism in ovarian cancer remain unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the pharmacological effect of propofol on microRNAs (miRNAs) in ovarian cancer treatment. Propofol (1, 5 or 10 µg/ml) was used to treat A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days. The MTT assay was used to detect cell viability, while wound healing and Transwell assays were utilized to assess the invasive and migratory abilities. The bioinformatics prediction approach identified differentially expressed miRNAs (miRs) that were used in Gene Ontology, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. The expression levels of miR‑125a‑5p and lin‑28 homolog B (LIN28B) were evaluated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR). A luciferase assay was performed to identify the relationship between miR‑125a‑5p and LIN28B. Western blotting was conducted to measure the protein expression of LIN28B. It was demonstrated that propofol significantly upregulated miR‑125a‑5p to exert its antitumor activity. RT‑qPCR results suggested that propofol could upregulate miR‑125a‑5p and LIN28B expression levels in ovarian cancer cell lines. Western blot analysis also indicated that propofol could enhance the expression of LIN28B in ovarian cancer cell lines. The luciferase assay identified that miR‑125a‑5p could directly inhibit the expression of LIN28B to suppress proliferation and metastasis in ovarian cancer. In conclusion, these results suggested that propofol inhibited ovarian cancer proliferation and metastasis by enhancing miR‑125a‑5p, which targets LIN28B.

Aims: The present study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) treatments in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Met...

Drawing on the means–end chain method, this exploratory study attempts to provide a better understanding of consumers’ perceived risks towards eco-design packaging and its effects on consumers’ purchasing decisions. This study makes divers contributions in terms of theory, methodology, and policy making. Firstly, this study provides better comprehension for the concept of “eco-design packaging” by combining an industrial perspective (i.e., a life-cycle assessment: LCA) with a consumer perspective (i.e., consumer perceptions). The findings reveal the gap between consumers’ perceptions and the LCA results towards eco-design packaging. Secondly, this study offers an alternative perspective on consumers’ reactions towards eco-design packaging through exploring the “risks” instead of “benefits” examined to inspire package innovation. This study identified five perceived risks (functional, physical, financial, life-standard, and socio-environmental risks). Thirdly, this study illustrates the benefit of using the means–end chain analysis (MEC) framework to explore consumers’ reactions and purchasing behaviors towards sustainable products. Lastly, this study offers several actionable suggestions to managers, packaging designers, and policy makers.

In order to promote user satisfaction and reduce the risk of product development, an innovative design solution of kitchen range hood based on User experience (UX) and CFD technology is proposed. First, Capture the demand of users through user research, then brainstorm multiple solutions and make a preliminary prototype. Given the difficulty of the suction and noise usability test. Take advantage of CFD technology to simulate performance of derivative modelling of the new cone kitchen range hood. Compared to traditional physical prototype, CFD virtual prototypes are proved to be more efficient and less cost. This research strategy case can provide reference for similar production Optimization design, reduce the subjectivity of using single UX approach.

Using uncombined (UC) or undifferenced original observations has become a research topic in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) community. This far, precise orbit determination (POD) with ionospheric-free (IF) observation combination has been favored. Using the uncombined strategy, i.e., using the raw observations to perform POD, the slant ionospheric delay is regarded as an unknown epoch parameter. We assume that the slant ionospheric delay depends on the frequency having the same magnitude for pseudoranges and carrier phases but opposite sign. Since there are, at each station and each epoch, as many ionospheric delay parameters as the observed satellites, a large number of ionospheric parameters need to be estimated for uncombined POD. The usual approch is that, when the observations at an epoch are accumulated, the epoch parameters consisting of clock and ionospheric parameters are eliminated simultaneously, which results in low computational efficiency. We develop a high-efficiency method by eliminating ionospheric parameters one by one, where each of them is eliminated when the observations of a station and a satellite are accumulated and no matrix inversion is required. In this uncombined POD algorithm, the IF-combined clock datum adopted by the international GNSS service (IGS) clock products is used to keep compatibility with existing IGS products by using the re-parameterized observation equations. We deduce the ambiguity resolution strategy for uncombined POD. In the experimental part, the modified parameter elimination method is first validated. With GPS observations from 58 global IGS stations, the first iteration processing time of parameter estimation for IF POD, UC POD and modified UC POD are 3.6, 62.5 and 9.2 min, respectively. The computational efficiency of modified UC POD strategy is greatly improved compared to UC POD. Then, the IF POD and the improved UC POD strategies with ambiguity float and fixed solutions are analyzed by comparing orbits, clocks, station coordinates and tropospheric delays with respect to IGS products. Results show that the accuracy of UC and IF solutions is comparable. Afterward, the repeatability of station coordinates is analyzed. With the solutions of 13 POD arcs, the repeatability over 13 days is consistent for UC and IF strategy. In addition, the ambiguity fixing rate, data usage rate, as well as residuals of code and phase observations, is analyzed. It is concluded that the slight difference between UC and IF strategy may be related to the data usage rate.

To improve the accuracy of back-calculation of soil modulus using the portable falling weight deflectometer (PFWD), a viscoelastic method (VEM) overcoming the limitations of the conventional linear elastic method (LEM) was proposed. A quasi-static dynamic analysis technique of Laplace transformation and a modified Gauss–Newton optimization algorithm were adopted in the proposed method. The back-calculation program was compiled with MATLAB. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified with the in situ plate load test (PLT) conducted on a highway embankment. In situ test results showed that a time lag existed between the peaks of deflection and load, and load-deflection curves were nonlinear, which indicated the viscoelastic nature of the soil. The back-calculated modulus using the LEM and VEM was higher than that using the PLT. In the case of low stiffness soil, the average error of back-calculation using the LEM and VEM was 53.1% and 14.8%, respectively. However, for stiffer soil, the average error of back-calculation using the LEM and VEM method was 12.4% and 4.3%, respectively. Moduli of back-calculation using LEM and VEM methods were used to perform flexible pavement analysis, which showed that with an 8% reduction of modulus, the pavement service life reduced by 25%. More accurate estimation of modulus can save maintenance cost in the future.

As the development of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), the navigation satellite transmitting multi-frequency signals becomes a prevailing trend. Currently, the usual GNSS precise orbit determination (POD) strategy uses dual-frequency (DF) ionosphere-free (IF) linear combination to build up the observation equation. In the area of precise positioning, it has been validated that the third frequency can decrease the convergence time of ambiguity resolution and has a subtle improvement on the positioning accuracy. However, there is no report about the benefits of the third frequency on GNSS POD. Although the precision of dual-frequency POD can meet requirements for generating different types of products, an obvious advantage of multi-frequency observations is that more robust results can be derived. Besides, with the third frequency observations, the improvements of orbits and clocks need to be validated. Thus, a triple-frequency (TF) uncombined (UC) POD method of GNSS satellites is developed. The hardware delay of carrier phase is divided by time-invariant and -variant components. Then the UC observation model is given by re-parameterizing the unknown parameters. The datum of satellite clocks is aligned to IGS products. The step-by-step ambiguity fixing method, i.e. the extra-wide-lane, wide-lane and narrow-lane ambiguities being fixed in sequence, is deduced by using double-differenced ambiguities in a network. We select 74 ground stations and 12 GPS BLOCK IIF satellites to process POD with a length of 20 days. Results of TF-UC POD show that about 10% improvements on orbits and clocks are received compared to L1/L2 DF-IF POD. The time-variant characteristic of phase biases from satellites and stations at the third frequency is analyzed, which shows that the bias at the station has a slight influence on the derived products. These results imply that the precision of orbits and clocks can be improved with observations from the third frequency added.

This paper assesses the role of eco-design packaging in consumer food waste and tests the effects of consumers’ perceptions of eco-design packaging (redesigned visual and/or verbal attributes) on their intentions to avoid wasting food. The authors posit that eco-design packaging can lead to food waste reduction through its physical, social, and commercial functions. The authors carried out two 2 (visual: resealable vs. nonresealable) × 2 (verbal: sustainable cues present vs. absent) between-subject experiments of two food products. The results show that eco-design packaging can help reduce consumer food waste: (1) consumers are more sensitive to improvements related to visual rather than verbal attributes of packaging; (2) consumers’ food waste decisions seem to be more strongly affected by instrumental functions (e.g., conservation product quality and communication guidance for storage) than social (e.g., pollution related to packaging) and commercial functions (e.g., category identification); and (3) health consciousness has mediated moderating effects on these relationships. This research contributes to the literature by determining underlying mechanisms of the effects of eco-design packaging on consumer food waste. This work can be embedded into the transformative consumer research movement to maximize social awareness, use, and benefits.

Candles were invented 5000 years ago and are still widely adopted in numberless occasions to illuminate the buildings and to create a romantic environment due to their warm and pleasant sensation giving emission, which helps people relax. Nevertheless, some myths remain unsolved regarding their color, color temperature, power efficiency, their effects on human health, and fire hazard. We have hence investigated these based on a paraffin wax candle. As learned experimentally, the flickering candle flame shows on average an orange-red color with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage 1931 coordinates of (0.55, 0.41) and a 1819 K color temperature through observation behind a tracing paper. Although the luminous intensity may vary from 1.0 to 2.2 cd, the luminous efficacies of studied candles fall around 0.27 l m/W. From a retina protection perspective, candlelight is presumably 2 times safer than the typical incandescent bulb or warm-white compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), and 3 times safer than the warm-white light-emitting diode (LED). Correspondingly, if used at night, it is about 2 times better for melatonin secretion than the incandescent bulb or warm-white LED, and 3 times better than the warm-white CFL. However, surprisingly, candlelight-style organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is healthier than real candlelight: from retina protection and melatonin secretion perspective, the candlelight style OLED is about 3 times safer and 2 times better than candlelight, respectively. While the luminous intensity may sensitively vary with the variation of wax as well as wick material and size, the candle color and color temperature barely alter with different compositions.

Based on a multi-class support vector machine, an urban real estate early warning model is constructed for the Beijing real estate market. The initial indicator system is established based on the historical development of Beijing's real estate market and the selection of real estate early warning indicators. Early warning index data for Beijing from 2000 to 2018 are selected, and the leading index is selected by a time difference correlation analysis as the warning index to be used for further implementation. The model is found to have a good early warning judgment performance, and demonstrates generalization ability. The model analyzes the real estate market from the aspects of land supply, credit scale, housing supply structure, restriction of speculation, and strengthening of transparency of real estate information. It predicts that the real estate market in Beijing will run smoothly in 2019. Based on the model's findings, the paper proposes policy recommendations to promote the healthy operation of China's real estate market.

The basic system of the BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) with 18 satellites has been deployed since December 2018. As the primary frequency standard, BDS-3 satellites include two clock types with the passive hydrogen maser (PHM) and the rubidium atomic frequency standard (RAFS). Based on the final precise orbit and clock product from Xi’an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping (XRS), the atomic clock performance of BDS-3 satellites is evaluated, including the frequency accuracy, frequency drift rate, and frequency stability, and compared with GPS block IIF satellites with RAFS, Galileo satellites with PHM, and BDS-2 satellites. A data auto-editing procedure to preprocess clock data and assess the clock performance is developed, where the assessed results are derived at each continuous data arc and the outliers are excluded properly. The stability of XRS product noise is given by using some stations equipped with high-precision active hydrogen masers (AHM). The best stability is 8.93 × 10−15 and 1.85 × 10−15 for the averaging time of 10,000 s and 1 day, which is basically comparable to one-third of the in-orbit PHM frequency stability. The assessed results show the average frequency accuracy and drift rate of BDS-3 with RAFS are slightly worse while the stability is better than BDS-2 medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. The 10,000 s stability is better but the 1-day stability is worse than GPS, which may be related to the performance of the BDS-3 RAFS clock. As for BDS-3 with PHM, the frequency accuracy is slightly worse than Galileo PHM satellites; the drift rate, when excluding C34 and C35, is basically comparable to Galileo and significantly better than GPS satellites; the stability is comparable to Galileo, where the 10,000 s stability is slightly worse than Galileo and better than GPS. The 1-day stability among BDS-3 PHM, GPS IIF RAFS, and Galileo PHM satellites is basically comparable.

In this paper, a fuel cell hybrid vehicle powertrain emulator is proposed as a feasible test bench for validating energy management strategies. Firstly, the configuration and structure of the emulator is briefly presented, and a fuel cell and lithium-ion battery hybrid vehicle model based on the data obtained from a real fuel cell-battery hybrid light electric vehicle is used for testing the stability of the emulator. The comparative experiment demonstrates a power simulation error of 3.848%. Secondly, a fuzzy logic algorithm-based energy management strategy was implemented on the emulator with an objective of optimizing the energy distribution between the fuel cell stack and battery pack via the corresponding rules and membership functions. Finally, an experiment test embedded the energy management strategy on the emulator is carried out during the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) cycle. And the results indicate that the fuel cell stack works primarily in low-load and constant driving conditions. Meanwhile, the battery pack supplies the dynamic instantaneous power to meet the power requirements during high-load conditions. It is fully consistent with the proposed energy management strategy. That is, the proposed emulator is a reliable platform for further energy management research.

Two-dimensional boron materials have recently attracted extensive theoretical interest because of their exceptional structural complexity and remarkable physical and chemical properties. However, such 2D boron monolayers have still not been synthesized. In this report, the synthesis of atomically thin 2D γ-boron films on copper foils is achieved by chemical vapor deposition using a mixture of pure boron and boron oxide powders as the boron source and hydrogen gas as the carrier gas. Strikingly, the optical band gap of the boron film was measured to be around 2.25 eV, which is close to the value (2.07 eV) determined by first-principles calculations, suggesting that the γ-B28 monolayer is a fascinating direct band gap semiconductor. Furthermore, a strong photoluminescence emission band was observed at approximately 626 nm, which is again due to the direct band gap. This study could pave the way for applications of two-dimensional boron materials in electronic and photonic devices.

GNSS undifferenced signal processing, in which the individual signal of each frequency is treated as independent observable, has drawn increasing interest in GNSS community. However, undifferenced signal processing brings new challenges for cycle slip detection and repair. One important feature is the carrier frequency identification of cycle slips since observations are processed separately. An analysis of real cycle slips in a BDS triple-frequency baseline dataset illustrates the deficiencies in the cycle slip detection process commonly implemented, in the case when cycle slips occur in just one specific carrier frequency. Hence, we propose an improved cycle slip detection and repair approach based on a time-differenced model. Two major advantages characterize this proposed approach. The first one is a significant reduction in false alarms due to carrier frequency identification of cycle slips. Having access to a reliable cycle slip detection method significantly reduces the number of ambiguity parameters to be estimated. The second advantage is the benefit of separating the OSS (Observation at the other frequency of Same Satellite without cycle slip) and OSE (Observation at the Same Epoch from other satellites without cycle slip) from the OCS (Observation with Cycle Slip). The simulation results indicate that separation of the OSS and OSE can significantly improve the model strength of cycle slip estimation, especially OSS. The proposed approach is validated by cycle slip estimation with a real data set. Smaller biases and larger ratio values jointly demonstrate that a much stronger model strength can be achieved. Finally, the cycle slip repair procedure is applied to triple-frequency PPP. The stable and fast convergence, as well as the reduction in standard deviations, proves the efficiency of the proposed approach.

A 3-D numerical model, based on the Navier-Strokes equations and the RNG k-e turbulence closure, for studying hydrodynamic drag on a swimmer with wave-making resistance taken into account is established. The volume of fluid method is employed to capture the undulation of the free surface. The simulation strategy is evaluated by comparison of the computed results with experimental data. The computed results are in good agreement with data from mannequin towing experiments. The effects of the swimmer’s head position and gliding depth on the drag force at different velocities are then investigated. It is found that keeping the head aligned with the body is the optimal posture in streamlined gliding. Also wave-making resistance is significant within 0.3 m depth from the free surface.

Aiming at the problem of inaccurate estimation of parameters and noise covariance for the noise mixture model encountered when using Gaussian filter during operation of PPP/SINS integrated navigation system in the non-Gaussian noise environment, this paper proposes a Gaussian mixture adaptive filtering algorithm that is based on variational Bayesian learning. The algorithm allows accurate and efficient adaptive estimation of the parameters of Gaussian mixture filtering model based on the variational learning theory. It also further refines the Gaussian mixture filtering stochastic model, which greatly improves the filtering estimation precision; reduces the computational complexity; and effectively improves the solving efficiency. Data simulation was carried out on the PPP/SINS tightly coupled integrated navigation system. The results showed that compared to the conventional Gaussian mixture filtering algorithms, the new algorithm further improved the estimation accuracy, which was also computationally fast and less burdensome. Our results provided some theoretical support for the future application and extension of the PPP/SINS integrated filtering algorithm in the non-Gaussian noise environment.

With the rapid development of smartphone, human activity recognition based on acceleration sensors attracts much attention in the academic and industry recently. However, the recognition accuracy is not ideal due to the diversity of human activities and other environmental factors. A real-time user activities monitoring system is developed on android, and comparison of several feature extraction and classification algorithms is carried out. Based on the monitoring system, a feature called (TF4+FFT10) is proposed. Experiment result shows that the recognition accuracy rate of feature (TF4+FFT10) with the adopted KNN algorithm is 98.6 %.

Text similarity computing is the core issue that question-answering system needs to solve. It is mainly used to filter out the existed problems which are similar to the users questions from database. Because of the low recall of domain keywords in domain text similarity computing based on traditional semantic dictionary, this paper proposed a short text similarity computing method in the field of agriculture based on the extended version of <> which referred to as <>. This paper propose to consider both the similarity and correlation when calculate the words final similarity. The experimental results show that the proposed short text similarity computing method resolve the problem of the low recall of domain words in traditional semantic dictionary well, and improve the similarity calculation performance of high relevant keywords greatly.

Research and Application of Music Digitalization Based on MATLAB is introduced in this paper. Firstly, music theory and key technology of Music Digitalization based on MATLAB in the process are given. Secondly, an example is introduced to illustrate the process of music analysis and synthesis based on MATLAB. Finally, conclusions and Outlook are introduced.

Ubiquitin ligase Cullin7 has been has been suggested to act as an oncogene in some tumors; however, the prognostic role of Cullin7 has not been evaluated in cancer patients. In this study, we observed that the expression of Cullin7 mRNA was significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) compared with normal ovarian surface tissues. In addition, Cullin7 expression was related to FIGO stage (p = .001) and lymph node metastasis (p = .033). Furthermore, Cullin7 overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. These results suggest that Cullin7 may serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with EOC.

Modularity design is a comon method in product design.This essay is about the analyzing of the application of modularity in military product design,study on the developing trend and value of modularity in military products by analyzing the advantages of moularity and it’s major features in military products.

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) plays a major role in decreased life quality of type 2 diabetes patients, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying DNP remain unclear. Emerging research implicates the participation of spinal glial cells in some neuropathic pain models. However, it remains unknown whether spinal glial cells are activated under type 2 diabetic conditions and whether they contribute to diabetes-induced neuropathic pain. In the present study, using a db/db type 2 diabetes mouse model that displayed obvious mechanical allodynia, we found that spinal astrocyte but not microglia was dramatically activated. The mechanical allodynia was significantly attenuated by intrathecally administrated l-α-aminoadipate (astrocytic specific inhibitor) whereas minocycline (microglial specific inhibitor) did not have any effect on mechanical allodynia, which indicated that spinal astrocytic activation contributed to allodynia in db/db mice. Further study aimed to identify the detailed mechanism of astrocyte-induced allodynia in db/db mice. Results showed that spinal activated astrocytes dramatically increased interleukin (IL)-1β expression which may induce N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) phosphorylation in spinal dorsal horn neurons to enhance pain transmission. Together, these results suggest that spinal activated astrocytes may be a crucial component of mechanical allodynia in type 2 diabetes and "Astrocyte-IL-1β-NMDAR-Neuron" pathway may be the detailed mechanism of astrocyte-induced allodynia. Thus, inhibiting astrocytic activation in the spinal dorsal horn may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating DNP.

Background: It has been demonstrated that hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) overexpress collagen messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein, especially α1 collagen. Antisense nucleic acids are effective in inhibiting harmful or uncontrolled gene expression, suggesting that antisense ribonucleic acid (RNA) can effectively downregulate the expression of α1 collagen gene and attenuate the scars. Aims: This study was conducted to observe the effect of recombinant plasmid pREP9-COL1 on α1 collagen expression in HSFs and clarify the prospect of antisense RNA on scar treatment. Methods: The α1 collagen gene fragment including the region of 5′ UTR to exon (229 bp) was cloned in the eukaryotic expression plasmid pREP9 in the antisense orientation relative to the RSV-LTR promoter to reconstruct the pREP9- COL1 plasmid. Then it was transferred into HSFs through lipofectamine. The expression of α1 collagen was examined by immunostaining, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Western blots. Results: The recombinant plasmid pREP9-COL1 with a correct sequence was constructed successfully; pREP9-COL1 consistently inhibited human α1 collagen gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions: Antisense RNA was effective in downregulating α1 collagen expression of HSFs. Therefore, this approach offered a prospect of scar treatment by attenuation of α1 collagen production with antisense RNA.