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Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of sorting fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBC) from maternal peripheral blood, particularly during early gestation periods, by a combination of specific gravity centrifugation and magnetic cell sorter (MACS). Methods: Without prior knowledge of the gender of the fetus, we determined gender by analyzing a Y-chromosome specific sequence by nested-PCR, using 10 ml of the peripheral blood of healthy primigravida women at different stages of gestation (first trimester: n = 17, second trimester: n = 13, and third trimester: n = 19). The results of this prenatal sex determination were compared to the sex of newborns. Results: The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the present method during the first trimester were 100, 81.8, 100, and 75%, respectively; during the second trimester, 80, 50, 80, and 50%, respectively; and during the third trimester, 25, 63.6, 53.8, and 33.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that this prenatal sex determination method has a highly accurate diagnostic rate during the first trimester, suggesting that it could be developed as a practical, non-invasive prenatal diagnostic technique for use during early gestation periods.

We describe here the case of an 82-year-old woman presenting with a hemorrhagic tumor on the anterior vaginal wall. She was diagnosed with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) from the findings of cytological analysis of biopsied surface tissue, histopathologic analysis of biopsied tissue, immunohistochemical staining, and electron microscopy. Cytological analysis of the biopsy sample harvested from the tumor surface showed multinucleated giant cells and large atypical cells with rough, granular, chromatin, as well as notable nucleoli. A storiform pattern was observed histopathologically, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed positive reactions to alpha 1-antichymotripsin (alpha 1-ACT), vimentin, and lysosome, but negative reactions to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin, and alpha-smooth muscle action (alpha-SMA). Electron microscopy showed histiocyte-derived cells with a segmented nucleus with a large groove, pseudopodic cytoplasmic projections, and lysosome-like structures. However, intercellular adhesion factors were not notable, and microvilli were absent. Based on the above findings, a diagnosis of MFH originating from the vaginal wall was made. Because of the patient's advanced age, and, in accordance with her wishes, three courses of cancer chemotherapy, consisting of doxorubicin hydrochloride, fluorouracil, and cisplatin were carried out, without surgery. No reduction in the size of the tumor was seen at follow up, and despite the absence of metastasis and no exacerbation of her general condition, she died suddenly at home 2 years after being discharged.

目的:CAS200画像解析装置およびAutopapシステムを用いて子宮頸癌細胞診自動化スクリーニングの基礎的検討を行った.方法:子宮頸癌集団検診受診者, 1481例より子宮頸部搾過検体を採取し標本を作製した. 作製した標本をCAS200画像解析装置にて測定し, 測定結果を日本臨床細胞学会認定細胞検査士によって判定された細胞診判定結果と比較検討した. 次いで日本臨床細胞学会認定細胞検査士が鏡検し, すでに結果が判明している集団検診検体3232検体に対し, AutopapシステムのPrimary Screening用programを用いて検査対象の75%を要再検 (PS-Review) とする設定により検討を行った.成績:CAS200画像解析装置を用いて子宮頸癌集団検診受診者, 計1481例に対し子宮頸癌細胞診自動化スクリーニングを行った結果, 正診率は87.0%, 偽陽性率は13.7%であり, 偽陰性率は4.4%であった.Autopapにより測定された全検体数は, 3232検体であり, この中で測定可能検体は, 2741検体 (84.8%), 測定不能検体は491検体 (15.2%) であった. 測定可能であった2741検体の内, No Further Reviewと判定された検体は, 540検体 (19.7%) であり, CT Reviewと判定された検体は, 2201検体 (80.3%) であった. CT Review2201検体におけるランキング別の陰性, 陽性検体の割合は, それぞれ陰性2181検体 (99.1%) と陽性22検体 (0.9%) であった. しかし, 22検体中におけるClass VあるいはClass IIIaと判定された2検体は低いランクにとどまった.結論:Autopapシステムによる子宮頸癌細胞診自動化スクリーニングのためには, 1) 測定不能検体を少なくするためのより良い標本作成法の開発, 2) ソフトの改変による『しきい値』の改善 (50%以下), 3) 細胞診の異型度とAutopapのランキングの相関性についての検討が必要であると考えられた.

Ovarian tumors with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells are rarely encountered, and the existence of osteoclast-like giant cells in ovarian tumors may have no effect on the patients' prognosis. We report a patient with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma containing osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells in the anaplastic areas of the tumor, who had a poor prognosis. A recurrent tumor showed the same anaplastic appearance as that of the primary tumor, with osteoclast-like giant cells. Forty-one percent of tumor cells were positive for MIB-1 (Ki-67) antigen, and many cells overexpressed p53 protein. However, the giant cells were negative for both antigens, which meant that they were non-cycling cells. The giant cells were also negative for epithelial and non-epithelial antigens. The multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, as well as mononucleated tumor cells around the giant cells, expressed p21 (WAF1/ClP1) protein. These findings suggest that the multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells in this tumor originated from the p21-expressing mononuclear tumor cells. The coexistence of anaplastic foci with multinucleated giant cells in serous adenocarcinomas of the ovary may indicate a poor prognosis.

A case of a right ovarian tumor in a 64-year-old patient showing high blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is reported. Histologically, the tumor resembled hepatocellular carcinoma with hyaline globules. Localization of AFP was detected by the immunoperoxidase method. Electron microscopically, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum had developed into a meshwork, and the mitochondria were present within this meshwork. Because a transition from adenocarcinoma to a region resembling hepatocellular carcinoma was observed, this tumor was considered to originate as a common epithelial carcinoma. In the blood, 67% of the AFP was bound with concanavalin A (Con A), and the fraction pattern obtained by lentil agglutinin affinity chromatography (LCA) was of the germ cell type. From these results, the current case may be labeled clinicopathologically a hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary as described by Ishikura and Scully.

The cytologic findings of a hemangioendotheliomaof the uterine cervix are reported. Vaginal and cervical smears were initially diagnosed as suspiciousfor malignancy, then the atypical cells in these specimen were diagnosed as the tumor cell by a induction from observation of imprint and histologicalsections of the cervical hemangioendothelioma.The cytomorphological findings of the tumor cellin vaginal and cervical smears are as follows:1. Structure of nucleus: Round or oval nucleiwith thin nuclear membranes and small unequalchromatin granules. A few small nucleoli are bluishred.2. Nuclear size: 12.5-10.0μ×10.0-7.5μ.3. N/C ratio: Moderately increased.4. Shape of cell: Polymorphic. Occasionally it ispossible to find a pseudopod-like projection.5. Appearance and staining reaction of cytoplasm;Thin and greensh-blue.

1553 women over 30 years of age were tested for uterine cancer. 72 (4.6%) of these women had had the IUD inserted and had worn the device for an average of 3.1 years. 46 (64%) patients had Class 1 Papanicolaou smears and 2 (2.8%) had Class 3 smears compared with 42% Class 2 smears 6.2% Class 3 smears and .5% Class 4 smears in the non-IUD group. It is concluded that the arguments used by those opposing the use of IUDs on carcinogenic grounds are flimsy.