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The extant literature offers inconsistent predictions and conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between state ownership and the internationalization of emerging market firms (EMFs). Drawing on institutional theory, we examine the moderating roles of political and economic institutions at the subnational and national levels in the link between state ownership and EMFs’ outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Based on a sample of 1421 OFDI projects involving 286 Chinese listed firms in 115 host countries between 2003 and 2016, we find that state ownership can scale up OFDI when Chinese firms are headquartered in subnational regions with high institutional development or low economic development, or when political relationships between home and host countries are amicable or market growth in a host country is slow; otherwise, state ownership hinders OFDI. These findings offer new insights into the relationship between state ownership and the internationalization of EMFs Refereed/Peer-reviewed

The fast-growing interest in de-internationalization research calls for a comprehensive synthesis of extant literature to identify paths for future research. We have responded to this call with a framework-based thematic review of 218 articles published between 1979 and 2019. The review synthesizes theoretical arguments and empirical findings with the conceptual mapping of four themes: the concept of de-internationalization and its antecedents, consequences, and moderators. This synthesis ensures the theoretical contributions of future research on the dynamics of de-internationalization and its motives, barriers, and long-term impacts on multiple stakeholders as well as the conditions under which the impacts occur. This study,therefore, contributes to the literature with a thematic framework showing key themes in de-internationalization research as well as new directions in which to move forward. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

We offer new theory and evidence regarding the effects of pro-market institutions on outward foreign direct investment (FDI) of emerging market firms (EMFs). Drawing on the logic of institutional arbitrage, we integrate the escapism and exploitation mechanisms of EMF internationalization into a unified theoretical context. We propose an inverted U-shaped relationship between host market-supporting institutions (MSI) and the investment scale of an EMF’s FDI project in the country, showing an escape-driven upward slope for low-to-medium MSI levels and an exploitation-driven downward slope for medium-to-high MSI levels. We supplement this main argument with two boundary conditions: the alleviating effect of home market liberalization (HML) and the strengthening effect of home government subsidies (HGS), demonstrating the coexistence and variation of pro- and anti- market institutions in an emerging market. Using information on 1,450 FDI projects conducted by 288 Chinese listed firms in 116 host countries, we obtain supportive evidence for the predicted relationships between the three institutional forces. This study enriches the literatures on institutional arbitrage and pro-market institutions with evidence from EMFs. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This paper investigates the context in which firms’ ownership strategies in international ventures may be affected by their international experience,which shapes their dynamic capabilities. Based on a statistical synthesis of empirical insights accumulated in a large body of literature, this paper examines multiple firm-, industry-, and country-specific moderators simultaneously. With models tested drawing on data from 102 samples across 114,118 international entry decisions,this meta-analysis finds empirical evidence largely supporting theoretical predictions of sources of international experience, economic development stages of host countries and firm size that moderate the relationship between international experience and ownership strategy (IE–OS relationship), and this relationship is not contingent upon industries in which a firm resides. In particular, the contingency effect of country-specific experience is more important to the IE–OS relationship than others. This paper demonstrates the contextual nature of the IE–OS relationship and contributes insights into the contingencies that affect the impact of experience based dynamic capability deployment in an international business setting. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Asian firms started to adopt independent directors (InDs) to boards only in the late 1990s after the Asian financial crisis. Despite its relatively short history,Asian firms’ practice of appointing InDs has yielded interesting research findings that may shed new light on the corporate governance literature and management research. However, the literature on InDs in Asian firms has been presented in apiecemeal fashion, which calls for researchers to review and synthesize the disparate findings and identify paths for future research. In this review paper, we identify and systematically analyze 65 articles related to InDs in the Asian context that were published in 21 leading academic journals from 2001 to 2016. Based on this analysis, we developed a framework with four links to map out the Asian InDs related literature. We also discuss the limitation of the existing research and suggest future research direction on InDs in Asia. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Empirical evidence for the relationship between host country risk and a firm's ownership level in its foreign entry strategy is inconclusive. We revisit this relationship by integrating the internalisation logic with an institution-based view to examine the moderating effects of formal and informal institutions in the home country.By meta-analysing 64 empirical studies involving 52,229 ownership decisions on foreign market entry, this study gives support to theoretical arguments that the focal relationship is positively moderated by institutional constraints on policymakers and risk-taking tendencies in the home country but is negatively moderated by the joint effect of these two institutional factors. These findings shed new light on the literature of host country risk and foreign ownership strategy. Besides describing the implications of the findings for theory and practice, wediscuss the agenda for future theory development in international business. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Drawing on an institutional logics perspective and isomorphism viewpoint, we posit that the negative impact of state ownership on the speed of foreign direct investment (FDI) expansion is attributed to the state socialism logic, which is inconsistent with market-oriented mechanisms that underpin rapid international expansion. We further argue that firms associated with the market capitalism logic shape an institutional context in which state-owned enterprises (SOEs) may adjust their behaviors by adopting market-oriented practices to expand quickly in the global market. Using outward FDI project information from Chinese listed firms over a fourteen-year period, we find evidence that confirms our theoretical predictions. Our analysis shows that, despite the negative relationship between state ownership and the speed of an SOE’s FDI expansion, both the non-state economy in the firm’s subnational region and privately owned enterprises in its industry sector positively moderate this relationship. This study enriches our understanding of institutional complexity in emerging markets and internationalization of emerging-market firms Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Over the past decade, international business and international management researchers have utilized meta-analytic approaches to synthesizing findings in the extant literature. This chapter reviews the studies published in the top five international business and management journals from 2004 to 2012. The review investigates major problems in the published meta-analyses by evaluating their overall analyses as well as the approaches utilized. The findings of this review reveal differences among the journals and improvements in the approaches applied in recent years. The chapter ends by discussing why and how international business and management researchers need to focus more on methodological fundamentals in their applications of meta-analysis.

Over the past decade, international business and international management researchers have utilized meta-analytic approaches to synthesizing findings in the extant literature. This chapter reviews the studies published in the top five international business and management journals from 2004 to 2012. The review investigates major problems in the published meta-analyses by evaluating their overall analyses as well as the approaches utilized. The findings of this review reveal differences among the journals and improvements in the approaches applied in recent years. The chapter ends by discussing why and how international business and management researchers need to focus more on methodological fundamentals in their applications of meta-analysis. Copyright © 2013 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.