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The landscape of South African fiction is well-known, but South African poetry remains—in Kelywn Sole’s phrasing—“incompletely mapped terrain.” Sole’s metaphor evokes Franco Moretti’s efforts to ma...

Altres ajuts: Projekt DEAL; German Research Foundation (Grant KFO 219). To identify predictors of 36-month follow-up quality of life (QoL) outcome after bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this ongoing, prospective, multicenter international study (Cologne, Manchester, London) including 73 patients undergoing STN-DBS, we assessed the following scales preoperatively and at 6-month and 36-month follow-up: PD Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), NMSScale (NMSS), Scales for Outcomes in PD (SCOPA)-motor examination, -activities of daily living, and -complications, and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD). We analyzed factors associated with QoL improvement at 36-month follow-up based on (1) correlations between baseline test scores and QoL improvement, (2) step-wise linear regressions with baseline test scores as independent and QoL improvement as dependent variables, (3) logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic curves using a dichotomized variable "QoL responders"/"non-responders". At both follow-ups, NMSS total score, SCOPA-motor examination, and -complications improved and LEDD was reduced significantly. PDQ-8 improved at 6-month follow-up with subsequent decrements in gains at 36-month follow-up when 61.6% of patients were categorized as "QoL non-responders". Correlations, linear, and logistic regression analyses found greater PDQ-8 improvements in patients with younger age, worse PDQ-8, and worse specific NMS at baseline, such as 'difficulties experiencing pleasure' and 'problems sustaining concentration'. Baseline SCOPA scores were not associated with PDQ-8 changes. Our results provide evidence that 36-month QoL changes depend on baseline neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric non-motor symptoms burden. These findings highlight the need for an assessment of a wide range of non-motor and motor symptoms when advising and selecting individuals for DBS therapy.

The border shifts and population exchanges between Central and East European states agreed at the 1945 Potsdam Conference continue to reverberate in the culture and politics of those countries. Focusing on Poland, this article proposes the term “border trouble” to interpret the politicized split in memory that has run through Polish culture since the end of the Second World War. Border trouble is a form of cultural trauma that transcends binaries of perpetrator/victim and oppressor/oppressed; it is also a tool for analyzing the ways in which spatial imagination, memory, and identity interact in visual and literary narratives. A close analysis of four recent feature films demonstrates the emergence of a visual grammar of cosmopolitan memory and identity in relation to borderland spaces. Wojciech Smarzowski’s Róża (“Rose,” 2011) and Agnieszka Holland’s Pokot (“Spoor,” 2017) are both set in territories that were transferred from Germany to Poland in 1945. Wołyń (“Volhynia,” released internationally as “Hatred,” 2016) and W ciemności (“In Darkness,” 2011), also directed by Smarzowski and Holland respectively, are set in regions that were under Polish administration before the war but were transferred to Soviet Ukraine in 1945. All four productions break new ground in the memorialization of the post-war legacy in Poland. They deconstruct hitherto dominant discourses of simultaneity and ethnic homogeneity, engaging in Poland’s wars of symbols as a third voice: anti-nationalist, but also refusing to essentialize cosmopolitan identity. They show the evolution of border trouble in response to contemporary political and cultural developments.

Spacecraft mechanisms commonly undergo extended periods of storage, either on-ground, or in-flight and there are an increasing number of missions for which some element of long-term storage may be required. Despite the obvious potential for degradation of lubricants during storage which might impact mechanism functionality or life and so even become mission-threatening, today’s understanding of storage phenomena is rather incomplete. This paper provides consolidation and review of recent experimental studies in this area and considers the range of storage conditions and associated degradation phenomena which could impact different lubricants. Whilst some storage best practice guidelines exist, experimental verification of the impact of storage phenomena has rarely been carried out and test data is rather scarce and incomplete. Given the absence of comprehensive data to support design, lubricant selection or the development of storage protocols, it is shown that for all lubricant types careful control of storage and test environments combined with monitoring of the evolving tribological performance during periodic mechanism exercising are presently the most effective storage risk mitigations.

Background: Psychiatric inpatient treatment for children is sometimes beneficial, but predictors of who benefits, and in what circumstances, are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify personal and environmental factors that influence outcome in an adolescent unit that accepts both emergency and planned admissions. Methods: Routine standardised intake and outcome measures were analysed for the period 2009–2018. Potential predictors assessed included the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), engagement with treatment, behavioural attitudes and peer relationships on the unit. Findings: One hundred and twelve admissions were tracked. Mean age of admission was 16 years, and 71% were female. A total of 61% had higher (better) CGAS scores on discharge than on admission; 34% of inpatients fully engaged with their treatment. Median admission duration was 118 days for males and 196 days for females. Admission lengths were much shorter for ethnic minority patients, but group sizes were small. Longer admissions led to greater improvement. Poor outcomes were associated with failure to engage with treatment and a deterioration in peer relationships. Interpretation: Compliance with treatment and female gender were both significant predictors of positive change during admission. The establishment of good and supportive peer relationships during the admission was also a potent indicator of benefit.

The decision-making process for estimating the optimal dosage is critical in clinical settings. In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), preterm neonates suffering from apnea of prematurity, optimum drug dosage can make a difference between life and death. To improve clinical decision making in the NICU, we have developed prediction models using machine learning algorithms. We have used optimized Support Vector Machine (SVM), decision trees with ensembles created using Bagging, Boosting, Random Forest, optimized Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Deep Learning to predict adequacy of caffeine, a methylxanthine used to prevent the development of recurrent apneas, to reduce the need for mechanical ventilation. The respective models developed were evaluated using 100 clinical caffeine cases collected from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Our results indicate that a deep belief network (DBN) having an area under curve (AUC) of 0.91, followed by an optimized MLP with the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology I (SNAP I) as an input feature, outperform other models for assessing the drug effectiveness. Furthermore, the optimized MLP followed by a DBN, with SNAP I as an input feature is a more accurate model for predicting the therapeutic concentration of caffeine. These results suggest that the proposed SNAP I (illness severity score) acts as a critical input variable to enhance the performance of the prediction model. The machine learning approach is very useful for building decision support systems in the NICU in general, and it provides specific solutions to optimize the administration of lifesaving drugs to neonates who are very sensitive to dosages. Using our method, physicians can assess the adequacy and efficacy of caffeine on the study population in a NICU before administering it to neonates.

The death of Dennis Brutus sees the passing of South Africa's most internationally renowned poet since Roy Campbell. There may be no other point of comparison between the two men, and their international renown probably says more about international readers and the business of poetry publishing than it does about the quality of their work or the qualities of their character, but it points to one of the biggest ironies about Brutus's life and career : that this most intensely South African poet felt that he had not really got the respect he deserved in his own country. Although it seems fitting that after his long exile he will be buried in the land that he loved, even at his death he was at political odds too with the national regime whose policies he viewed as complicit with a global economic system that replicated apartheid injustice on an international scale.

Aims and methodTo review the current clinical practice and guidelines for testing and treating vitamin D deficiency in adolescents admitted to a tier 4 adolescent psychiatric unit in north London. The blood test results of 56 patients admitted between 2012 and 2014 were examined to determine whether vitamin D levels had been tested. For those individuals who were tested for vitamin D, results were analysed by gender and ethnicity.ResultsOf 56 patients admitted, 48% were tested for vitamin D deficiency and in 81.5% of cases we uncovered deficiency or severe deficiency; 18.5% had the minimum levels of vitamin D for bone health as per our trust guidelines.Clinical implicationsAdolescents within tier 4 adolescent mental health services may be at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency and so assessment of vitamin D levels should be considered as part of a standard physical health review for this group of young people.

Photographs of children have frequently proved to be the most iconic and emotive images to come out of conflict zones. Children have been used in similarly powerful ways in poetry too. This...

This article explores the way in which early anti-Methodist literature was utilised as a disguise for heterodoxy. It draws particular attention to Thomas Whiston, an Anglican divine, who published a polemic in 1740, entitled The Important Doctrines of Original Sin, Justification by Faith, and Regeneration. Whiston advertised this tract as an attack on the Methodists and their perceived ally, William Law. However, this paper argues that anti-Methodism was merely a smokescreen which enabled Whiston to profess his loyalty to the established Church, while he advanced various heterodox views. Whiston's controversial opinions included his rejection of the Augustinian doctrine of original sin, along with his subtle show of support for the annihilationist views which his uncle, William Whiston, had recently expressed in The Eternity of Hell Torments (1740). Crucially, such views were repugnant, not only to Methodists, but also to numerous High Churchmen who similarly despised evangelical ‘enthusiasm’.

An association between end-stage renal failure and exercise intolerance exists. Whether live kidney donation impacts on exercise tolerance is unknown. Here recovery post renal transplant and donation using cardiopulmonary exercise testing is investigated.Renal donors (Recipients showed impaired cardiopulmonary function compared to donors with lower anaerobic threshold (10.5 vs. 14.4 ml/kg/min) and peak oxygen uptake (18.5 vs 23.0 ml/kg/min). Post-operatively the anaerobic threshold of recipients improved and normalised by the 14th week, whereas that in donors fell by ∼20% by the 7th (mean 11.4 ml/kg/min), recovering by the 14th (mean 15.6 ml/kg/min). Reported health but not activity scores showed similar changes.Recovery following renal transplantation and donation differ. Transplantation improves renal function resulting in an increase in anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen uptake which essentially normalise by the 14th week post-operatively. Donors suffer a 20% reduction in cardiopulmonary reserve post-operatively, which recovers by the 14th week, suggesting no associated chronic exercise intolerance.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCardiopulmonary exercise testing is a real-time predictor of functional capacity and thus is used as a pre-operative tool to measure physiological fitness and predict outcomes.Renal failure is associated with exercise intolerance and transplantation is transformational in terms of quality of life, longevity and healthcare cost.Live - related renal donation is increasingly available but whether donation itself carries a long-term health burden has not been previously well established.This study suggests that renal donation is not associated with long-term cardiopulmonary compromise and patients who donate their kidneys recover their previous fitness within 14 weeks.

Wavelets are powerful signal classification tools that show promise for classification in Pulse-Doppler radar applications. A wavelet decomposition of match filtered radar data is performed for a surveillance radar in the Czech Republic. A custom discrete wavelet is designed based on the range profiles of the dataset with and without targets and clutter present. The entropy and energy for different levels of the DWT decomposition are used to determine the presence of various targets. Targets are differentiated from static clutter by thresholding the DWT decomposition levels.

Introduction Therapeutic strategies targeting protein aggregations are ready for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need for neuroimaging biomarkers to help with the early detection of neurodegenerative processes, the early differentiation of the underlying pathology, and the objective assessment of disease progression. However, there currently is not yet a consensus in the field on how to describe utility of biomarkers for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders. Methods To promote standardized use of neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical trials, we aimed to develop a conceptual framework to characterize in more detail the kind of neuroimaging biomarkers needed in atypical parkinsonian disorders, identify the current challenges in ascribing utility of these biomarkers, and propose criteria for a system that may guide future studies. Results As a consensus outcome, we describe the main challenges in ascribing utility of neuroimaging biomarkers in atypical parkinsonian disorders, and we propose a conceptual framework that includes a graded system for the description of utility of a specific neuroimaging measure. We included separate categories for the ability to accurately identify an intention-to-treat patient population early in the disease (Early), to accurately detect a specific underlying pathology (Specific), and the ability to monitor disease progression (Progression). Discussion We suggest that the advancement of standardized neuroimaging in the field of atypical parkinsonian disorders will be furthered by a well-defined reference frame for the utility of biomarkers. The proposed utility system allows a detailed and graded description of the respective strengths of neuroimaging biomarkers in the currently most relevant areas of application in clinical trials., Highlights • Challenges in ascribing utility of neuroimaging biomarkers in clinical trials. • Criteria for utility of neuroimaging biomarkers in clinical trials. • Proposition of a formalized and graded utility description system.

Taking the Korogocho community as its starting point, this article explores the respective roles, dynamics and relationship between formal and informal volunteering. Following an overview of the research's participatory systemic action research (SAR) methodology, the article outlines how the widespread use of stipends and allowances by external development organisations has blurred the distinction between formal volunteerism and low-paid work – something that disincentivises volunteering through local organisations who lack the resources to pay allowances. It examines informal volunteering, such as mutual aid and self-help groups, and highlights how they add significant value when they emerge in response to a directly experienced community need. Finally, it discusses the risks and opportunities associated with formal and informal volunteering. Issues include how volunteering can be used in complementary ways to address community needs, the scales at which they are most effective, and their potential in promoting greater inclusion and more equitable gender roles.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether poor preoperative cardiopulmonary reserve and comorbid state dictate high-risk status and can predict complications in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 105 consecutive patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC; stage T1-T3) undergoing robot-assisted (38 patients) or open (67) RC in a single UK centre underwent preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Prospective primary outcome variables were all-cause complications and postoperative length of stay (LOS). Binary logistic regression analysis identified potential predictive factor(s) and the predictive accuracy of CPET for all-cause complications was examined using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Correlations analysis employed Spearman's rank correlation and group comparison, the Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test. Any relationships were confirmed using the Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimate, Kaplan-Meier analysis and the chi-squared test. RESULTS: The anaerobic threshold (AT) was negatively (r = -206, P = 0.035), and the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO₂) positively (r = 0.324, P = 0.001) correlated with complications and LOS. Logistic regression analysis identified low AT ( 50% of patients presenting for RC had significant heart failure, whereas preoperatively only very few (2%) had this diagnosis. Analysis using the Mann-Whitney test showed that a VE/VCO₂ ≥33 was the most significant determinant of LOS (P = 0.004). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in this group had an additional median LOS of 4 days (P = 0.008). Finally, patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of 3 (ASA 3) and those on long-term β-blocker therapy were found to be at particular risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and death after RC with odds ratios of 4.0 (95% CI 1.05-15.2; P = 0.042) and 6.3 (95% CI 1.60-24.8; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Patients with poor cardiopulmonary reserve and hypertension are at higher risk of postoperative complications and have increased LOS after RC. Heart failure is known to be a significant determinant of perioperative death and is significantly under diagnosed in this patient group

Adolescent inpatient psychiatric treatment was evaluated from the multiple perspectives of clinicians, young people and parents using standardised measures and goal-based outcomes (GBOs). The sample included cases ( N = 128) discharged from a London adolescent unit between April 2009 and December 2015. Measures were completed at admission and discharge, and change in ratings was analysed to assess treatment outcomes. Ratings of clinicians and young people on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) were compared. Adolescents demonstrated significant improvement across all measures from admission to discharge. Correlation between clinicians’ and adolescents’ HoNOSCA ratings was weak at admission ( r = .25) but stronger at discharge ( r = .63). Standardised effect sizes were larger for GBOs ( d = 1.73 and 3.16 for adolescent and clinician-rated goals, respectively) compared to all standardised measures ( d = 0.31–0.93). Improvement was observed across all measures of functioning and symptoms following inpatient treatment. Clinicians and young people developed better shared understanding of the problems from admission to discharge. GBOs are more sensitive to change compared to standardised measures and may be meaningfully adopted by inpatient units for routine outcome monitoring.

Less cosmopolitan than Creole, in Francoise Lionnet's formulation, Abdulrazak Gurnah has both lived and narrated the experience of multiply displaced Africans trying to find a space for themselves in Europe. Dottie, the third of Gurnah's eight published novels, is unique in having an English-born protagonist – doubly unique in that this protagonist is female. Mark Stein has suggested that the bildungsroman, or novel of formation, has been an important form for ‘black British’ writers and that in writing the individual black British subject into existence, they are transforming British ideology. Dottie's relatively successful self-actualization perhaps validates Stein's argument; however, while her effective resistance of male pressure, exploitation, and violence suggests that she is no longer trapped by nineteenth-century gender standards, racial ideology proves more resistant to transformation. Dottie finds that the ideology of Englishness has little place for a woman of color; in Althusserian t...

Most work on pioneering South African novelist Olive Schreiner foregrounds the shaping of her work by the relationship between Great Britain and South Africa, and Schreiner’s own shuttling between those two countries. Elleke Boehmer’s call for “cross-national” readings of “anticolonial interdiscursivity” challenges us to examine Schreiner’s intellectual development, particularly her religious freethinking, her literary originality, and her political radicalism in a more globally transnational light. This paper picks up that challenge by tracing some of the colonial counterflows of Unitarian dissent from Rammohun Roy in early nineteenth -century Bengal through Ralph Waldo Emerson in mid-nineteenth-century Boston to Schreiner and the formal establishment of Unitarianism in Cape Town.

Phaeochromocytomas are potentially lethal catecholamine secreting tumours. Clinical presentation depends on the pattern of catecholamine secretion. The symptoms are diverse, but the most common are headache, diaphoresis and palpitations. These tumours represent a challenge to the anaesthetist because they can present unexpectedly perioperatively and the mortality is up to 50%. Diagnosis relies on the demonstration of excessive catecholamine production by 24-hour urine measurement. The tumour is usually localized by CT or MRI imaging. Excision of the tumour can be undertaken safely only when pharmacological control of the sympathetic nervous system and normovolaemia have been achieved. A number of antihypertensive agents have been used successfully in the perioperative period to maintain cardiovascular stability. Preoperative preparation should also include an assessment of myocardial function to exclude the presence of phaeochromocytoma-associated cardiomyopathy. Adrenalectomy can be performed using an open or laparoscopic approach, with each procedure having implications for the anaesthetist. Management of intraoperative hypertensive surges and arrhythmias requires an understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of phaeochromocytomas. This article details the clinical presentation, diagnosis and perioperative anaesthetic management of elective and emergency phaeochromocytomas.

The University of Western Australia's Rural Clinical School was set up to train a quarter of the medical students for a full year in rural and remote Western Australia. These students need full access to the resources of the medical library so that they are not disadvantaged in comparison to metropolitan students. Setting up library access for small numbers of students across eight sites separated by thousands of kilometres comes with its own set of difficulties. Broadband internet allows access to journals and online books and selected books are provided for each site. Government, Faculty and School policy has facilitated this by ensuring financial resources are available to follow the students.

This essay argues that Breyten Breytenbach's use of the English language to write his prison memoir True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist (1994[1984]) represented a kind of linguistic treason consistent with Breytenbach's legally defined treason against the apartheid state. While Breytenbach himself has been dismissive of the cultural productivity of his work, especially of the youthful rebelliousness of the work associated with the so-called Sestiger movement, the treason/translation of Confessions blazes a trail for a new politics of Afrikaans by insisting on the language's genuinely local,thoroughly hybrid nature. Well in advance of the birth of the new South Africa in 1994, Breytenbach undermined racialist notions of Afrikaans (whether as some sort of Herderian Sprachgeist of the white Afrikaner Volk or as the language of the white oppressor) and offered ways of conceiving Afrikaans as a defiantly impure language of local and national dissent (neither black nor white, neither traditionally African nor Europeanly modern) pitted against global and international systems of an anglophone world order.

The demerger of British Gas in 1996 was one of the largest restructurings in UK corporate history. This paper focuses on the internal communications challenges of the demerger, including the objectives, strategies and results. It is written from the perspective of an ‘insider’ because the author was a member of the executive team of British Gas, responsible for the external and internal communication in the run‐up to the demerger.

A survey is described of people presenting with psychiatric problems to a north London accident and emergency (A&E) department over three months. Forty per cent presented with deliberate self-harm and 25% of these left before being assessed. Twenty per cent of those with problems compatible with a diagnosis of severe mental illness also left before being seen by a doctor. Differences between presentations ‘out-of-hours' and ‘in-hours' are described. Factors predicting admission were: previous psychiatric admission, symptoms of a psychotic or affective disorder and non-permanent accommodation. The survey has implications for the process of triage in A&E departments and the organisation of mental health liaison services.

Despite a well-developed emergency medical system, major trauma care in England has historically been poorly organised and heavily criticised. The poor outcomes associated with the lack of organisation of trauma services has now led to a government sponsored reconfiguration and the development of new regionalised trauma systems. The East of England is one of the largest and most diverse of the English regions and in this paper, we provide an overview of the process for the design and implementation of a new inclusive trauma system. Challenges associated with system design, understanding the epidemiology of major trauma, modelling patient flow, determining appropriate field triage criteria, co-ordinating pre-hospital and in-hospital acute care and ensuring quality and safety are discussed. After 3 years of planning, we have created a system which we believe can, with time, achieve the trauma system benefits shown in established international systems, save many lives, reduce disability and improve overall health outcomes.

(1995). Field notebooks: A student's guide. Journal of Geography in Higher Education: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 111-114.

I had the immense privilege to provide a presentation of the above title to a conference at the University of St. Andrews in February of this year. The conference, entitled ‘Assessing the Emergency Response to Terrorism’, was hosted by the University’s Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV).

Introduction There is a paucity of research into the outcomes and complications of cervical spine immobilisation (hard collar or halothoracic brace) in older people. Aims To identify morbidity and mortality outcomes using geriatric medicine assessment techniques following cervical immobilisation in older people with isolated cervical spine fractures. Patients and methods We identified participants using an injury database. We completed a questionnaire measuring pre-admission medical co-morbidities and functional independence. We recorded the surgical plan and all complications. A further questionnaire was completed three months later recording complications and functional independence. Results Sixteen patients were recruited over a three month period. Eight were immobilised with halothoracic brace, 8 with external hard collar. Three deaths occurred during the study. Lower respiratory tract infection was the most common complication (7/16) followed by delirium (6/16). Most patients were unable to return home following the acute admission, requiring sub-acute care on discharge. The majority of patients were from home prior to a fall, 6/16 were residing there at 3 months. Most participants had an increase in their care needs at 3 months. There was no difference in the type or incidence of complications between the different modes of immobilisation. Conclusions Geriatric medicine assessment techniques identified the morbidity and functional impairment associated with cervical spine immobilisation. This often results in a prolonged length of stay in supported care. This small pilot study recommends a larger study over a longer period using geriatric medicine assessment techniques to better define the issues.

The issue of corporate governance has been high on the agenda of the business community for several years but is likely to be a defining issue of the late 1990s. The paper examines its history and discusses its relevance for communications professionals.

The authors report the case of a pheochromocytoma occurring after external palpation of the anesthetized patient’s abdomen. Previous examinations in the awake state had been unremarkable. Labetalol was initially given to treat the hypertensive crisis. Pulmonary edema and reversible catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy developed. A pulmonary artery flotation catheter proved invaluable in managing the cardiovascular instability during the crisis. The perioperative findings and rarer sequelae of pheochromocytomas, and their subsequent management, are discussed.

Advances in display technology are creating more opportunities for situating displays in our environment. While these displays share some common design principles with display-based interaction at the desktop PC, situated displays also have unique characteristics and values that raise particular design considerations and challenges. In order to further understand situated display design we present a field study of RoomWizard, an interactive room reservation display appliance designed to be mounted outside meeting rooms. The findings illustrate important ways that individual and social behaviours were oriented around the persistent situated displays. These observed behaviours are discussed in relation to particular design characteristics of RoomWizard. We conclude by highlighting more general themes supporting the design of other situated display technologies.

This paper presents a novel method for assessing the maximum allowable PV generation on low voltage feeders. It identifies a relationship between load, total feeder impedance, terminal count and PV generation at which the upper voltage limit for the line is breached. Identifying such a relationship alleviates the need for Distribution Network Service Providers (DNSPs) to perform load flow calculations on a case by case basis. It also increases a DNSP's understanding of power flow in low voltage feeders and potentially enables them to develop improved strategies for managing PV on their networks. Using feeder models provided by a DNSP servicing the Australian city of Sydney's Greater West region, a substantial number of load flow calculations were performed for wide variations in feeder impedance, load and PV generation. The PV generation range is chosen such that a breach of the upper voltage limit occurs on the line. The feeder voltage profile from these simulations are analysed in Matlab to determine PV generation limits. For evenly distributed PV and load, results show a linear relationship between this PV generation limit and load for a given terminal count and a second relationship between the PV generation limit and terminal count. It is then demonstrated that through the combination of these two relationships the PV generation limit can be determined for a given load, terminal count and total feeder impedance.