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Objetivo: Avaliar a visão dos enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Básica (AB) sobre o tratamento da hanseníase. Métodos: Pesquisa do tipo descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com nove enfermeiros que trabalham no município de Cocal, Piauí, Brasil, entre os meses de janeiro a março de 2016. A coleta de dados deu-se através de questões norteadoras sobre o tratamento da hanseníase e as respostas foram transcritas e ponderadas pela análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os enfermeiros afirmaram que a poliquimioterapia é eficaz para o tratamento da hanseníase, assim como para a redução da carga da doença e cura do paciente. A supervisão está relacionada ao tratamento correto, garantia de cura, redução de sequelas e interrupção da transmissão da doença. A falha no tratamento está associada principalmente à falta do engajamento do paciente e da família, à ausência de medicação no posto de saúde, à carência de orientação ao paciente, ao baixo nível de escolaridade e aos efeitos colaterais dos remédios. A não adesão e o abandono do tratamento foram relacionados às complicações, como o agravamento de sintomas, as incapacidades e as amputações. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou que os enfermeiros avaliados possuíam conhecimento adequado sobre aspectos do tratamento da hanseníase na AB, evidenciando pontos que devem ser corrigidos para que se alcance excelência no combate à hanseníase, como a importância de incentivar a participação da família como coadjuvante no tratamento.

The amount of time people spend inside buildings is significant. Indoor environment quality deficiencies in some of these buildings may affect the health of its users. Therefore, a systematic literature review has been conducted to assess the quality of indoor environments in existing buildings in Latin America. The objectives of this review are (1) identifying countries and building types whose indoor environment quality has been analyzed the most, (2) identifying most used evaluation strategies, (3) identifying comfort types and most evaluated variables, and (4) determining whether or not Latin American buildings are comfortable and what local factors contribute to that effect. From the 100 selected papers for this analysis, it was noted that Brazil and Argentina led the studies on residences and schools. It was also noted that hygrothermal comfort was the most analyzed comfort type, with temperature and humidity leading the number of studies. Finally, this review shows a lack of studies including buildings whose users are sensitive to indoor environmental quality, such as nurseries, senior homes, or health facilities. Additionally, there is a sustained discrepancy between objective measuring methods and user perception. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of 88 buildings shows that in Latin America, 67.5% of buildings are uncomfortable; thus, it is necessary to improve the designs and regulatory standards, to educate users, and to improve building monitoring management at the operational stage.

Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Silva-Castillo RO, Flores-Ceballos S, Ducoing-Watty AM, Maldonado-Resendiz RI. Use of endodontic paper points and Schirmer strips for measurement of tear flow in red-lored parrots ( Amazona autumnalis ). Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2019;6(1). doi: 10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2019.1.624 Ocular diseases are sub-diagnosed in bird species, partly because of limited diagnostic methods and lack of reference data. Placement of Schirmer tear test strips in the bottom of the conjunctival sac of birds for tear flow measurement can prove to be difficult, whereas paper tips commonly used for dental procedures may be easier to use, due to a more adequate size and shape. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess and compare tear flow values, using ABC Dental® # 30 color paper tips and TearFloTM Test strips in Red-lored Parrots ( Amazona autumnalis ) (n = 26). Captive birds of undetermined sex were housed in groups under similar environmental conditions and fed the same diet. All animals were deemed healthy through remote and physical examinations. Average tear flow values of 0.6365 ± 0.032 cm/min and 0.5942 ± 0.032 cm/min were obtained with the Schirmer strips test and the endodontic tips respectively. Lack of difference in observed values between measurement techniques (p = 0.3629) indicates that endodontic tips may be a good alternative for tear flow assessment in Red-lored parrots. In addition, endodontic tips are more cost effective and may be less invasive. This study stresses the need to establish species specific ophthalmic reference values for clinical practice in birds, since differences have been reported even in specimens within the same genus. Figure 1. Measurement of tear flow in Red-lored parrots using TearFloTM Test Strips

The optical response of near-surface localized excitons and their corresponding quantized longitudinal polarization waves in thin semiconductor films on substrate is investigated theoretically. The identification of resonances associated with such longitudinal modes in simple spectra of reflectivity for p-polarized incident light (Rp) is rather difficult because of the large damping factor for a thin film near the longitudinal frequency (ωL) and a background contribution to Rp. However, as is shown here, the quantized longitudinal polarization waves manifest themselves more clearly in spectra of 45° reflectometry, which is based upon the measurement of the difference between the reflectivity Rp and the squared reflectivity for s-polarized light (Rs2) with an angle of incidence of 45°.

This empirical research focuses on the possible interoperability between (Building Information Modeling), the building energy performance requirements and BPS software (Building Performance Simulation). Within the practical use of these technologies sample paths will be analyzed within the interoperability processes between BIM and BPS. The aim is to support architects and energy consultants to choose the most appropriated software workflow to analyze buildings and fulfill the performance requirements given by the countries laws. Several study cases in interoperability and a summary of current research are presented and discussed. Finally a novel map of interoperability between these three areas is presented.

We have applied the 45° reflectometry for the first time to study exciton-polaritons in quantum wells. The 45° reflectometry is a new polarization-modulation technique, which is based on the measurement of the difference [Formula: see text] between the p-polarization reflectivity (Rp) and the squared s-polarization reflectivity [Formula: see text] at an angle of incidence of 45°. We show that [Formula: see text] spectra may provide qualitatively new information on the exciton-polariton modes in a quantum well. These optical spectra turn out to be very sensitive to the zeros of the dielectric function along the quantum-well growth direction and, therefore, allow to identify the resonances associated with the Z exciton-polariton mode. We demonstrate that 45° reflectometry could be a powerful tool for studying Z exciton-polariton modes in near-surface quantum wells, which are difficult to observe in simple spectra of reflectivity Rp

We analyze the spectra of the 45° reflectometry, given by the difference Rp−Rs2 between the reflectivity for p-polarized light (Rp) and the squared reflectivity for s-polarized light (Rs2) at 45° angle of incidence, in both phonon and excitonic frequency ranges. It is shown that this spectroscopy can be useful for investigating quantized optical phonons in superlattices, and confined exciton–polaritons in thin films and near-surface transition layers.

It is shown that the spectra given by the difference between the reflectivity for p-polarized light and the squared reflectivity for s-polarized light (Rp−Rs2) with an angle of incidence of 45° can be used for directly determining the frequencies of zone-center transverse optical (ωTO) and longitudinal optical (ωLO) phonons in very thin polar-semiconductor films on substrates. These spectra are also useful for measuring resonance frequencies of both transverse and longitudinal optical confined phonons in ultrathin layers of superlattices.

Future improvements in spectral imaging systems can be attained through the integration of MEMS-based optical transmission devices matched with pixelated arrays. Such integrated module designs will require a detailed knowledge of the MEMS device optical properties at high spatial resolution and over a wide range of operating conditions. A substantially automated low-cost optical characterization system has been developed, which enables the optical transmission of the MEMS device be measured with high spatial and spectral precision. This Optical Metrology System (OMS) can focus light on the device under test (DUT) to a spot diameter of less than 30 μm, and characterize devices at near infrared for wavelengths within the spectral band from 1.4 μm to 2.6 μm. A future upgrade to the OMS will enable measurements to be carried out across a wide range of DUT temperatures and with a spectral range from visible to long wave infrared wavelengths.

The Research focuses on possible links between (Building Information Modeling), the Building Energy Performance Requirements and BPS software (Building Performance Simulation). It is expected to establish critical paths within the interoperability processes between BIM and BPS to support architects and energy consultants to choose the most appropriated workflow for the analyzed buildings to fulfill the performance requirements given by the Chilean laws. Several study cases in interoperability and the state-of-the-art are presented and discussed. Finally a novel map of relation between these three areas is presented.

The quantization of the exciton translational motion in CuCl thin films, having a thickness much less than the photon wavelength and overlying a substrate, is theoretically investigated by employing the 45° reflectometry. We show that the resonances associated with quantized longitudinal excitons can be directly measured by means of such a polarization-modulation technique despite the relatively large damping factors for very thin films.