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To report a rare case of pattern dystrophy-like retinal changes in a young β-thalassemia major patient with a very high serum ferritin level.Observational case report of a β-thalassemia major patient with bilateral pattern dystrophy-like retinal changes.An 18-year-old man experienced blurring of vision in both eyes. Patient had a very high serum ferritin level and had a history of using various iron-chelating drugs. Funduscopy revealed bilateral widespread retinal pigment epithelium changes with macular involvement, which resembled pattern dystrophy-like changes. Fundus autofluorescence imaging showed extensive area of decreased autofluorescence signal interspersed with increased autofluorescence signals, whereas optical coherence tomography demonstrated macular retinal pigment epithelium thinning and interdigitation zone disruption corresponding to retinal pigment epithelium damage and atrophy.Pattern dystrophy-like changes should be considered as a possible manifestation of retinal changes in patients with β-thalassemia major. Iron overload, which is indicated by a very high serum ferritin level, might have a role in the formation of this rare retinal manifestation in β-thalassemia major.

The average CSR development in PTPN-IV Adolina Business Unit has increased every year with a larger budget and realization. This study aims to determine the success factors of CSR which have a significant effect on the sustainability of oil palm companies, the elements that form a sustainable palm oil industry, the effect of good CSR implementation on the sustainability of the palm oil industry, building a CSR-based strategic management model towards the palm oil industry. sustainable. This research method uses descriptive quantitative research methods with a total sample of 102 people. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire measured through a Likert scale and secondary data through documentation studies. The data was processed with SPSS 20.0 for Windows software. Hypothesis testing uses Multiple Regression Analysis. Research to see the effect of corporate commitment, operational standard CSR internalization policies, involving the community on the implementation of CSR in the oil palm sector of PTPN IV Kebun Adolina. The results of this study concluded that company commitment, CSR internalization policies in operational standards and involving local communities, have a significant positive effect on CSR implementation, where the most significant positive effect is first involving local communities, then CSR internalization policies in operational standards and then corporate commitment companies towards the implementation of CSR in the oil palm sector at PTPN IV Kebun Adolina.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effect of citicoline administration in suppressing retinal damage due to methanol intoxication. This study hypothesizes that citicoline will minimize the lo...

The purpose of this program to provide knowledge and skills to the SP3 Saritani community in utilizing agricultural waste of corn cob as the basic ingredients of charcoal briquettes as an alternative energy. External targets of this program include opportunities for students to learn with the community about village development (learning society). To implementation in this activity used Focus group discussion (FGD) between students and partner groups. Direct observation and excavations together with partners and document the potential resources that will be developed with the assisted community. Designing scenarios for the implementation of the program, conducting training and mentoring for the processing of agricultural waste of corn cobs for raw materials of charcoal briquette production as an alternative energy potential. The result obtained is the existence of charcoal briquette products made from corn waste. Charcoal briquettes produced have physical characteristics that are ideal enough as an alternative fuel. The physical shape of charcoal briquettes in the form of cylinders with a height of about 3 cm and a diameter of about 5 cm and hard enough with a type of starch adhesive with a percentage of 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. The test results concluded that the process of ignition of briquettes into coals that are ready for use takes only one minute. The impact obtained is the value of products produced to provide economic independence to the SP3 Saritani community. This devotional activity has also supported the application of innovations and technologies that are directly useful in achieving SDGs on the 7th goals (clean and renewable energy villages) and the 15th goals (villages care about the land environment).

One of the electronic evidence found at the crime scene or related to cases, both criminal and civil, is cellphone evidence. To prove the presence or absence of the perpetrator's involvement with the use of mobile forensic examination techniques by physical extraction through analysis of digital traces in the form of call logs, SMS, phonebooks and other files where the data has been deleted. Several factors affect the physical extraction method, namely the software used. Mobile forensic examination software used to examine electronic evidence such as cellphones in forensic laboratories is Ufed Cellebrite 4 PC and XRY Microsystem. In this study, the level of success of the physical extraction method was investigated on evidence of a Nokia 105 (TA-1174) mobile phone with different software, namely Ufed Cellebrite 4 PC and XRY Micro Systemation. Extraction was carried out using the physical boot loader method on the memory in the Nokia 105 (TA-1174) mobile phone IMEI 1: 353810821569303 IMEI 2: 353810821569306. by using Ufed 4 Pc software and XRY Microsystemation, where the extraction results obtained, especially call logs, SMS and data that have been deleted using XRY Micrososystemation software, have the most complete success rate. This relates to the ability of each software in parsing/dumping and decoding processes.

Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) merupakan kesatuan organisasi fungsional yang menyelenggarakan upaya kesehatan yang bersifat menyeluruh, terpadu, merata dapat diterima dan terjangkau oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat Aplikasi Sistem Pakar untuk mendeteksi penyakit kulit pada balita sesuai dengan data-data yang ada pada Puskesmas. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan yaitu metode Extreme Programing (XP) dengan tahapan pengerjaan meliputi planning, design, coding dan testing. Sistem dirancang dengan menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML) yang meliputi use case, activity diagram, dan class diagram, perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) dengan database MySQL dan menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes dan Forward Chaining. Hasil akhir dari pembuatan Aplikasi ini adalah memudahkan pasien, dokter dan bidan mendeteksi penyakit kulit pada balita di Puskesmas

The Qur’an has a comprehensive view of the conception of education. Among the core of education is literacy. Student’s literacy skills are able to lead the nation’s generation to be literate and discover their potential. PISA research results in 2018 prove that Indonesia is ranked more than 10 and below in several assessment areas, such as reading, mathematics and science. The PISA 2018 data shows that the level of literacy in Indonesia is still low. Apart from the responsibility of the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemdikbud) to develop educational policies, students also have a role as booster of the quality of education. Seeing the conception of literacy education from the perspective of the Qur’an, the KATABA Ma’had Al-Jami’ah became the object of research. The existence of this community acts as a support for the literacy atmosphere in the Ma’had environment which contributes to developing the world of writing and research. Through the qualitative method used in this study, the authors found that KATABA is a manifestation of the practice of the concept of literacy in Al-‘Alaq verses 1-5. The existence of literacy community among students contributes to the academic development of students. An increasing achievement index is one indicator of the success of the community in increasing the level of education in higher education.

Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi buta warna di masyarakat populasi urban di Jakarta Metodologi: Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Urban Eye Health Study. Dilakukan pemeriksaan buta warna dengan menggunakan ishihara pada seluruh pasien anak dan dewasa yang memiliki visus 6/6. Bila terdapat jawaban salah dari pemeriksaan ishihara, pemeriksaan buta warna dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan Farnsworth Munsell Hue D 15 kemudian diberikan kuesioner. Buta warna akan diklasifikasikan menjadi buta warna kongenital dan didapat. Hasil: Jumlah total responden anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk pemeriksaan buta warna adalah 435 dengan rentang usia 6-16 tahun. Dari jumlah tersebut didapatkan 5,97% menderita buta warna. Sedangkan jumlah responden dewasa (41-77 tahun) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi adalah 1040 dengan 3,26% responden dewasa menderita buta warna. Seratus persen responden anak mengalami buta warna kongenital. Delapan puluh delapan koma dua puluh empat persen responden dewasa menderita buta warna kongenital sedangkan sisanya sebesar 11,76% menderita buta warna didapat. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi penderita buta warna kongenital pada penelitian ini adalah 3,79%, pada pasien dewasa sebanyak 88,24% dan pada anak 100% dari pasien yang buta warna.

Tujuan penelitian: neuropati optik traumatik adalah kondisi langka dan berpotensi mengancam penglihatan yang disebabkan oleh trauma mata atau kepala. Akson saraf optik dapat rusak baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penatalaksanaan neuropati optik traumatik dapat diamati, pemberian steroid atau dekompresi. Di pusat yang tidak dilakukan dekompresi, steroid dosis tinggi lebih disukai untuk pasien neuropati optik traumatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik (usia rata-rata dan jenis kelamin, onset trauma, gejala terbanyak, ketajaman visual, refleks konsensual sebagai tanda), gambaran radiologi, dan awitan terapi kortikosteroid pada neuropati optik traumatik pasien. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional yang datanya dianalisis secara retrospektif dari rekam medis. Hasil: dari 13 kasus jenis kelamin yang paling banyak terkena adalah laki-laki (76,9%). Rerata kelompok umur 32,85 ± 14,67 tahun dengan penglihatan kabur dan perdarahan merupakan gejala yang paling umum, timbulnya trauma dibawah 24 jam (76,9%), ketajaman penglihatan awal ada persepsi cahaya dan gerakan tangan dengan refleks konsensual negatif (76,9%). Peningkatan ketajaman penglihatan dengan terapi kortikosteroid awal dibawah 24 jam sebanyak 7 kasus dan lebih dari 24 jam sebanyak 2 kasus. Dari 9 kasus dengan perbaikan ketajaman visual, terdapat 4 kasus dengan fraktur orbital dan 5 kasus tanpa fraktur orbita. Kesimpulan: perbaikan visual dalam kasus kami lebih banyak terjadi pada terapi kortikosteroid awal lebih dari 24 jam dan tidak ada fraktur orbita.

Artikel ini bertujuan meninjau pelanggaran hukum internasional terkait tindakan kejahatan perang dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan dalam konflik Yaman tahun 2015-2019 dan akibatnya terhadap situasi krisis kemanusiaan. Peninjauan dilakukan dengan merujuk pada situasi konflik bersenjata non-internasional dan acuan Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Statuta Roma, serta Hukum HAM Internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan sumber data primer yang berasal dari wawancara dan data sekunder yang berasal dari studi literatur melalui buku, jurnal, dan website resmi terkait. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan banyaknya insiden kejahatan perang dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan yang dilakukan oleh para pihak yang terlibat dalam konflik, di antaranya penyerangan terhadap penduduk sipil dan blokade pasokan bantuan kemanusiaan. Berbagai insiden ini merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hukum internasional dan memunculkan krisis kemanusiaan di Yaman.

Immigration as the gatekeeper of the country is required to have human resources (HR) who have competence in the immigration field and have a thorough understanding of immigration technical matters. To achieve this optimally, several improvements are needed that must be made at the TPI Forensic Laboratory, Services at the Immigration Office and in the Language Laboratory as a means of support for students, in this case Taruna is proficient in foreign languages ​​other than Indonesian because later in the field will be directly dealing with various kinds of people. foreigners who come to Indonesia. This is related to the real situation in the field which shows that the Lab. Forensics for TPI has not yet reached an ideal state, which should be updated regularly according to their needs and demands. Apart from PCs and similar facilities, good electricity and good network is also something that is no less important. All of this with the main objective, namely, efforts to improve the quality of human resources and create ideal conditions with the supporting facilities for the learning of cadets, namely, the Forensic Laboratory for TPI and the Language Laboratory at the Immigration Polytechnic.

There are still many people who do not know and understand the COVID-19 virus, which is still new. Some of the news that can be accessed on news search links show a lot of oppression and stigma against people called COVID-19. Stigma, among other things, arises because society ignores new diseases and there is no cure, stigma can be suppressed and lost if society finds out about it. Generally, service activities are conducted to provide knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 and how to prevent it. Stigma prevention is done by environmental disinfection activities, mask distribution for adults and children as well as counseling on clean and healthy living habits and physical distance, disinfection activities and mask distribution done to give a sense of peace to the population. Clean and healthy lifestyle guidance activities and physical distance are done to provide correct information. Generally, service activities are conducted to provide knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 and how to prevent it. With the right knowledge, stigma will not occur in society. This service can improve people's knowledge and understanding of COVID-19, live a new life pattern, and understand the attitudes and views that should be present when dealing with people called COVID-19 so that people can live their daily lives calmly and vigilantly

The main aim of this report is to identify and describe the idea of digital leadership. For the study, the effects of digital leaders' traits and experience on the digitalization process will be examined. Different multinational and global businesses have been examined to apply the concept of digital leadership to their businesses. In this paper, with the goal of an organizational literature review, we analyze the concept of digital leadership. The paper seeks to identify the digital leadership concept; to analyze these abilities and their impacts deeply in the new digital age. As a result of detailed literature research, digitalization and technological developments lead businesses to transform organizational structures, processes, business models, and strategies. Digital leadership is crucial for organizations to survive in the new digital era by adapting and transforming business strategies. To accomplish business objectives and successfully drive the digital business transformation, digital leaders use and enhance the company's digital assets. Digital leaders have different abilities and perspectives compared to traditional leaders. However, many organizations do not understand digital leaders' value, leading to poor performance and unrecoverable failures. This research paper demonstrates a strong link between digital leadership and corporate success and productivity, following the analysis and clarification of the digital leadership concept generated in the modern age and the review of variable business strategies and positioning of the leadership concept in different sectors.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak originated in Wuhan, China, as a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases. It has now spread to 221 countries.Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus. Though some people may be asymptomatic, the common symptoms of COVID-19 patients include, but not limited to, fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches, headache, the new loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea.Materials and Methods: The information was gathered from the review of relevant literature obtained from various databases such as Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar.Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into host cells: Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of ~30 kb. They infect a wide variety of host species. They are divided mainly into four genera; α, β, γ, and δ based on their genomic structure. α and β coronaviruses infect only mammals 28 .Case Study in Libya: COVID-19 cases have affected the medical education system in Libya. Several medical schools were temporarily closed for several periods during the war, which resulted in delays in the graduation and medical education of thousands of medical students.Medicine traditional of herbal plant: Medicinal plants have a fundamental role in our beliefs, especially among the elderly, and in light of the lack of adequate treatment and lack of necessary medicines. Some herbs may boost the immunity in the blood and increase antibodies, and it is unknown to scientists until now whether this might positively affect the body's immunity.Conclusion: This study was aimed to provide information on epidemiological characterization and the spatial and temporal patterns of the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya. It is conclusively evident that the pandemic has affected the whole country, with incidence rates varying from one region to another. Meanwhile, the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Libya is still a tough fight.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been a great concern on educational systems around the world. In coping with the hasty situation and having no other option, the Architecture School of UCSI university has swiftly changed their traditional to virtual teaching/learning method in adapting to the new educational environment. This article explores the major concern and alternative teaching methods and learning activities through online platforms in design courses. The outcomes showed positive and negative feedback by conducting a questionnaire survey among the undergraduate & postgraduate architecture programs throughout the School of Architecture & Built Environment, UCSI University. Keywords: Architecture, Virtual Learning, Covid-19, Design Course eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2722

To investigate retinal changes in β-thalassemia major patients and identify their association with systemic risk factors. In this prospective study, 120 β-thalassemia major patients received complete ophthalmic examinations (best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and indirect ophthalmoscopy) and retinal imaging using color fundus photography and fundus autofluorescence imaging. Patients were grouped according to the presence of thalassemia-related retinal changes. The association between systemic risk factors (age, type and duration of iron chelator use, history of splenectomy, hemoglobin level, and ferritin level) and thalassemia-related retinal changes was investigated using logistic regression analysis. Thalassemia-related retinal changes were identified in 36.7% of patients. Several distinct retinal changes were observed, including retinal refractile bodies in 10% of patients and retinal hemorrhage in 5.8% of patients. Fundus autofluorescence imaging showed abnormal patterns in 36.3% of patients with thalassemia-related retinal changes and 18.4% of patients without thalassemia-related retinal changes. Age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.18) and ferritin level (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.33) were associated with thalassemia-related retinal changes. Novel retinal changes were observed in β-thalassemia major patients. This study identified older age and higher ferritin level as risk factors for thalassemia-related retinal changes.

The purpose of this study is togive the alternative solution to the regime about the new model of extention that increased literacy, education participation, and access to clean water in reducing poverty disparities.The methodology used was an econometric approach with a multiple regression equation model with robustness provisions. The data analyzed in this study covered 501 districts and cities throughout Indonesia in 2018. The calculation results prove that the model has been robust and all variables selected have a significant effect on the degree of freedom of 5% for all districts and cities in Indonesia. The results of this study suggest that education policy priorities, the avail-ability of clean water and adequate distribution are needed to reduce the poverty gaps.

COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented public health crisis, taken about 1.4 million lives so far, infected almost 70 million people around the world, battered the global economy and paralyzed the normal activity. This situation is evolving so rapidly that the data on numbers of infections and deaths are changing daily and the economic impacts are difficult to evaluate at this stage and probably will not be exactly known in the near future. It is important to determine the genesis of the outbreak to understand the root causes of COVID-19 and to prevent such pandemics from occurring in the future. It is believed that the virus originated in a seafood market in Wuhan (China) that was also trading in wildlife for human consumption. Such practices are associated with the habitat degradation and biodiversity loss, leading to an imbalance of the natural ecosystems. The zoonotic spillover of this infectious outbreak is a reflection of the impairment of natural systems. Scientific and anecdotal evidencesdemonstrate the significance of marine critical habitats in combating and containing human diseases. There are many other ways in which the oceans can help in human health. In addition to providing an analysis of the COVID-19 outbreak, this paper also suggests knowledge-based and informed measures that need to be applied to prevent a repeat of such catastrophic events while highlighting the role of oceans in this context. Plans and strategies for recovering the global economy and ensuring its resilience will require incorporating nature-based solutions and ecosystem restoration. The sustainability of the ocean is a key consideration in the development of a framework for post-COVID-19 recovery and this aspect is the major focus of this paper.

Resume Objectif Rechercher l’existence d’une association entre la consanguinite et la survenue d’anomalies congenitales oculaires. Materiel et methodes Il s’est agi d’une etude transversale retrospective. Elle a ete realisee sur une periode de 3 ans, de janvier 2016 a decembre 2018, dans l’unite d’ophtalmologie pediatrique du CHU Campus de Lome (Togo). Elle a porte sur les enfants porteurs d’anomalies congenitales oculaires. L’âge, le sexe, la provenance geographique (ville ou zone urbaine ; village ou zone rurale), le degre de consanguinite des parents et les types d’anomalies congenitales oculaires ont constitue les variables d’etude. L’odds ratio (OR) et la regression logistique ont ete utilises pour rechercher le lien entre la consanguinite des parents et la survenue des anomalies congenitales oculaires. Le seuil de significativite etait fixe a p Resultats Sur 103 patients atteints d’anomalies congenitales oculaires, 60 (58,2 %) etaient de sexe masculin et 43 (41,8 %) de sexe feminin. L’âge moyen des patients etait de 16 mois, avec des extremes de 1 mois et 5 ans. Les patients issus de mariages consanguins representaient 26,21 % (n = 27) de l’effectif total. Parmi ces 27 patients, 25 (92,59 %) etaient nes d’une union entre cousins au deuxieme degre et 24 (88,89 %) provenaient d’une zone rurale. La consanguinite des parents etait correlee avec la survenue des anomalies de developpement du globe oculaire (OR = 37,50 ; IC95 % : [4,46–314,80] ; r = 3,62 ; p = 0,00), la sclerocornee (OR = 13,04 ; IC95 % : [1,39–122,54] ; r = 2,57 ; p = 0,02) et la dystrophie corneenne (OR = 9,37 ; IC95 % : [0,93–94,36] ; r = 2,24 ; p = 0,02). Conclusion Notre etude suggere l’existence d’une correlation entre l’endogamie des parents et la survenue de ces anomalies congenitales oculaires.

Pulsed electric field (PEF) pasteurisation keeps treated liquid food fresh and nutritious compared to traditional thermal pasteurisation. However, PEF adoption is still limited on an industrial scale due to a lack of practical systems. As a result, a great deal of research has gone into overcoming the limitations of the existing systems. Keeping this in mind, the current study contributes to the improvement of the electroporator. The heterogeneous electric field’s distribution raises the temperature of the treated food samples. Liquid laminar flow is a reason for heterogeneous electric field’s distribution in continuous treatment. Hotspots may also be created by using an inefficient high-voltage waveform in addition to the heterogeneous electric field distribution. This study rectifies the heterogeneous distribution by proposing an improved coaxial treatment chamber and double-exponential waveform to replace the exponential-decaying waveform. A static mixer provides an increased mixing, i.e. disrupting the laminar flow, inside the treatment zone. COMSOL based computational model was developed to study flow behaviour and corresponding temperature distribution in the proposed coaxial treatment chamber with sieves. Based on the model, it has been concluded that coaxial electrodes with sieves provide more homogeneous flow properties inside the treatment chamber. The effectiveness of the double-exponential (DE) waveform was validated using MATLAB. A three-stage Marx generator giving the DE waveform was designed and constructed. The performance of the improved treatment chamber together with the DE waveform, known as the electroporator, was studied using chemical and microbial analysis. Untreated, PEF treated, and thermal treated orange samples were stored at 4°C for 9 days before being examined. The lowest microbial growth was observed in both the PEF treated with sieves and thermally treated food samples than the untreated sample. However, treated juices’ visual and chemical colour analysis showed that the PEF-treated sample acquired a brighter appearance than a thermally processed sample. Thus, this study provides significant findings in developing and utilising an electroporator to inactivate microorganisms.

This study aims to provide an attempt by raising a framework for assessing the digital technology perspective in the application of Financial Technology by consumers, especially in the era of the Covid19 pandemic in 2020 in Indonesia. Digital technology in Fintech in collaboration with online transportation is utilized by quite a few big firms in Indonesia to meet the needs of consumers during strict, large-scale restrictions but not lockdown. This paper mainly acknowledged the problem related to digitizing solid digital technology which prioritizes technology 4.0. Digital technology applications, especially among the millennial generation regarding the accessibility, pace and value of financial services are increasingly in demand. This research spent 5.5 months with millennial respondents who are accustomed to using everyday technology applications in Jakarta, Depok and Tangerang and surrounding areas. The method of analyzing data in a quantitative way to find findings is complemented by discussion. The findings prove that;All variables have positive strong effect on driving the choice of digital FinTech technology in ordering food and others to survive during the pandemic of COVID-19. The existence of digital-based technology applications related to the internet, big data, smart mobile phones, safe and comfortable technology power has motivated consumers to use them. In conclusion, there are several new business opportunities open to newcomers in the digital financial sector and other accessories using information systems and information ecosystems. © 2021 by the authors;.

Today, due to the reduction of energy resources in the world and its pollutants, energy storage methods and increase the thermal efficiency of various systems are very important. In this research, the thermal efficiency and energy storage of two heat exchangers have been investigated in series using phase change materials (RT82) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and graphene quantum dot nanoparticles (GQD) In this research, two heat exchangers have been used in combination. The first heat exchanger was in charge of storing thermal energy and the second heat exchanger was in charge of heat exchange. The reason for this is to improve the heat exchange of the main exchanger (shell and tube) by using heat storage in the secondary exchanger, which has not been addressed in previous research. The results of this study showed that using two heat exchangers in series, the thermal efficiency of the system has increased. Also, the heat energy storage of the double tube heat exchanger was obtained using phase change materials in the single-walled carbon nanotube composition of about 3000 W. The average thermal efficiency of the two heat exchangers as the series has increased by 52%. In general, the effect of the two heat exchangers on each other was investigated in series with two approaches (energy storage and energy conversion) using fin and nanoparticles, which obtained convincing results.

Not only in the private sector (private), in a government agency (public sector) also known management of goods supplies to support the operation of the government agencies. As we know, for an agency the diamond does not know the profit/loss. However, with the management of supplies goods in a government agency need to also be managed properly, so as to get optimal results and can reduce the operational costs. During this time in many government agencies, the budget is financed from the NATIONAL budget, for the management of these supplies there is no definite pakem. In this study will demonstrate the algorithms used in the software of the institution level financial Application System (SAKTI) developed by the Directorate General of Treasury of the Ministry of Finance which is the method of valuation of FIFO supplies to achieve optimum management of inventory.

Electronic devices are becoming more efficient while getting a smaller size and compact design thus increase heat generation significantly. High heat generation from high technology electronic devices are needed to be cool down or control its temperature to prevent overheating problems. Due to the high cooling performance of liquid cooling, the electronic cooling system is shifting from an air-cooling system to a liquid cooling system. In the past few decades, numerous methods proposed by researchers for the central process unit (CPU) cooling using the liquid system either active cooling or passive cooling system. Other than physical configuration such as heat sink design, different configurations of working fluids are widely been studied by most of the researchers. Different working fluids have different heat transfer performance. Furthermore, a recent study has come out more interesting finding using nanofluid which can enhance heat transfer performance of liquid cooling. Nanofluid is a working fluid that has nanoparticles disperse in the base fluid which can increase the thermal properties of the based fluid. In this paper, comprehensive literature on the type of working fluid used in the respective system and methods of liquid cooling system for CPU including its cooling performance. Furthermore, this review paper discussed the different configuration of the liquid block and also the working fluid that had been used in the CPU cooling system.

Depression in the elderly does not receive attention and the symptoms do not always appear. The assessment on 10 elderly showed that five elderly (50%) were normal, three elderly (30%) were suggestive of depression, and two elderly (20%) were indicative of depression. The purpose of this study was to assess depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF) in the elderly in Mersi. The design of this study was a descriptive correlation. The population consisted of 105 people who were the members of the Hypertension Care Group. The sample size was 84 people and using Simple Random Sampling. The inclusion criteria was being diagnosed with hypertension for more than one year, while the exclusion criteria was having an activity of daily with total care. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study subjects were predominately female with 58 people (69.0%). Moreover, 49 respondents (58.3%) were categorized normal with several characteristics: 35 people (89.8%) were satisfied with their life, in good spirits most of the time, though it was wonderful to be alive at the present and full of energy. Then, 39 people (98.0%) lived with a meaningful life, and 37 respondents (93.9%) felt valuable. Depression is categorized into a mental illness that affects the elderly but it is difficult to identify. Hence, it is important to recognize and do research about it to get proper therapy. Nurses can assess the mental aspects of the elderly using the GDS-SF 15 .

A water reservoir, located in Kudu Baru Genuk resident Semarang, is managed to meet the daily water needs of residents of RT 01 RW 06. It is namely Kudu Baru Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS). The water reservoir has a capacity of 6900 liters of water, consisting of 2 water reservoir and has 120 customers in the WSS Kudu Baru area. The problem that exists in WSS Kudu Baru is the lack of control and cleaning of water reservoirs regularly so that there is no early prevention of automatic notification to residents if the water in the reservoir is muddy or dirty. Due to this problem, the turbid water flows into the residents' houses. Making a water turbidity detection and monitoring system using a TDS-10 sensor installed in a water reservoir connected to an Arduino device engages the use of C programming language. IOT (Internet Of Thinks) in this study is used to store tendon water turbidity data for monitoring.

Energy resources have now been scarce as the use of energy resources has been increased. There is a need to manage the resources as in Indonesia there has been depletion of these resources accordingly and for this there has been a proposed solution which is to go for the renewable energy resources and energy consumption. Therefore, this research sets the propositions as how factors like innovation, resource development and the imports of energy can help ensure renewable energy consumption in Indonesia for the period of 1995-2019. The independent variables for research are innovation, research & development, and energy import. The dependent variable is renewable energy consumption and the control variables are population growth and energy consumption. The analysis is obtained by using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), unit root tests, co-integration tests and Autoregressive distributed time lag (ARDL) models to understand the effect in chosen time period. The results indicate that innovation, research and development have a significant impact on renewable energy consumption. However, energy import has not been significantly impacting in the short run. The research proposes significant implications for policy makers to make effective policies for R & D and for the companies to go for innovation as to use renewable energy.

In this research work, novel hybrid graphene-silver (Gr-Ag) nanomaterial has been used for first time with paraffin wax as a phase change material (PCM) to improve its thermo-physical properties. Thermal and electrical energy efficiencies of the novel synthesized nanocomposite (PCM/graphene-silver) has been investigated in solar thermal collector systems (CPV/T). This paper focuses on preparation, characterization, thermo-physical properties and energy efficiency in concentrated photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) system of new class of nanocomposites induced with hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial in three different concentrations. The specific heat capacity (cp) of hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite increased by introducing hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial. Electrical and thermal energy performance of the hybrid PCM/graphene-silver is investigated in a CPV/T system using MATLAB 2017b program. The improvement of cp is found to be ~ 40% with 0.3 mass% of hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial loaded in PCM. The highest thermal conductivity increment is found to be ~ 11% at 0.3 mass% concentration of hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial in PCM. The endothermic enthalpy value of the hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite is found to be ~ 75.6 J g−1 at 0.1 mass% loading concentration of hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial. Melting point of hybrid PCM/graphene-silver nanocomposite with loading concentration of 0.3 mass% is measured to be 73.2 °C. The highest thermal efficiency using the hybrid graphene-silver nanoparticles reached the value of 39.62% which represents 4.16% increment in comparison with the pure PCM. The equivalent electrical efficiency is improved by 2.8% at the loading concentration of 0.3 mass% of the hybrid Gr-Ag nanomaterial. These new class of nanocomposites represented the capability of enhancement in the performance of the CPV/T system consisting of lower PV temperatures, higher temperature gains across the cooling fluid and higher electrical and thermal efficiencies.

Permasalahan yang terjadi pada handphone memerlukan suatu perangkat lunak yang berupa aplikasi program yang sesuai dengan permasalahan yang terjadi didunia usaha. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah forward chaining dan certainty factor. Dari penelitian ini akan menghasilkan sebuah sistem pakar yang dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL. Setelah dilakukan implementasi dan pengujian sistem pakar yang dibuat bertujuan untuk menggantikan seorang pakar dalam mendiagnosa kerusakan handphone.

In the current postmodern era, the internet has transformed into a cutting-edge weapon in various sectors, ranging from industry, art, economy and others. The internet has always played a vital role in maximizing these various sectors. However, what is the real reality in the world of education? Has the internet been fully utilized? Departing from these worries, this research aims to reveal the real reality of the use of the internet at the tertiary level, especially as a medium for learning history. This research itself uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and document analysis. The interview form used is open and leads to depth of information and is not formal / structured. The goal is to explore the information that is researched further, complete, and in depth. Data analysis in the study took place simultaneously with the data collection process. Among them through data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results showed that in 21st century learning, the internet has an important role if teachers can maximize its use, because with the internet students are able to dig deeper into existing information, especially now that there are so many historical journal portals that are opened online and accessed for free. Furthermore, the use of the internet can also be applied in a learning system, for example by using blended learning

Motivasi dapat menjadi pendorong seseorang melaksanakan suatu kegiatan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik untuk itu perlu adanya dorongan yang kuat untuk meningkatkan motivasi individu. Berangkat dari peran penting motivasi kerja maka peneliti bermaksud untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai motivasi kerja pegawai. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai yaitu untuk mendapatkan gambaran motivasi kerja pegawai pada salah satu instansi pemerintah daerah di Kota Cimahi. Berdasarkan pada maksud dan tujuan penelitian maka pendekatan deskriptif peneliti gunakan untuk menggambarkan motivasi kerja pegawai. Responden yang dijadikan sample adalah pegawai yang bekerja pada salah satu instansi pemerintah daerah sebanyak 114 orang pegawai. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa kondisi motivasi kerja pegawai berada pada kategori cukup baik menuju baik. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa kondisi motivasi kerja pegawai sudah memadai namun demikian perlu ditingkatkan oleh pimpinan instansi setempat untuk mencapai motivasi kerja pegawai yang optimal.

As stated in the 2020-2024 National Mid-Term Development Plan, to support efforts to achieve the development goals of rural areas, namely reducing the number of underdeveloped villages to developing villages by 7000 villages, and increasing the number of villages developing into independent villages by 3000 villages. To reach a developed village, an effective strategy is needed. The research objective was to identify an effective strategy towards a developed village in Pakuhaji Village by using the SOAR model application. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This type of data consists of primary data obtained through observation and interviews with the Pakuhaji Village Officials as many as 10 respondents. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained from report documents, regulations, as well as research results related to the strategy to upgrade the status to a developed village in Pakuhaji Village. The results of this study indicate that the status of Pakuhaji Village has a Build Village Index value of 0.6784, a developing village status with a Social Resilience Index of 42.7 percent, and Economic Resilience Index of 27.8 percent, and an Environmental Resilience Index of 29.5 percent. After analyzing Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, and Results (SOAR), a strategy can be found to reach a developed village in Pakuhaji Village. Several strategies can be carried out, namely, 1) Building human resources by increasing community empowerment through efforts, developing entrepreneurship-based non-formal education. 2) Developing village economic enterprises to meet community needs through efforts.

Rapid development in the electronic industry witnesses many tremendous advanced technologies which work with high power density. As a result, an advanced cooling technique, namely, microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is required to fulfil the current cooling demand due to unpredicted increment of power density in a high-density microchip. A microchannel heat sink performance can be enhanced by improving the working fluid properties and or improving the design of cooling passage that contributes to the augmentation of heat transfer rate. In this paper, the optimization of hydrothermal performance was conducted by studying the effect of triangular cavity pitch location (Cavity 1, CV1: 60 µm; Cavity 2, CV2: 100 µm; Cavity 3, CV3: 140 µm) on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristic in the hybrid microchannel heat sink (Triangular cavity with rectangular rib microchannel heat sink, TC-RR MCHS). The result revealed that the TC-RR MCHS with the triangular cavity pitch location of 140 µm (CV3) showed superior performance over other pitch locations (CV1 and CV2) for all the Reynolds number (Re number). The optimum Performance Factor, , achieved by CV3 pitch location was 1.76 at Re number of 350. It indicates that the proposed design with CV3 is suitable for the technology that requires less pumping power consumption

The aim of this research is to analyse the influence of competence, independence, and professionalism on audit quality. It also analyses how the auditor ethics can moderate those independent variables to dependent variable. This research carried out on the representative of Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) of West Sulawesi Province with 75 auditors as the respondent. The study used questionnaire as the data collecting method. Then it analysed by using multiple regression analyses dan moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results of the reseach showed that competence, independence, and professionalism effect significantly the audit quality. Auditor ethics is able to moderate the influence of competence and independence to audit quality. Auditor ethics is unable to moderate the influence of professionalism to audit quality.

SRS27, an andrographolide analogue, had been proven to have therapeutic properties at a dose of 3 mg/kg in both in vitro and in vivo asthma models of our previous study. The present study focuses on the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of this compound to provide further evidence for the development of this compound as an anti-asthma agent. A simple pharmacokinetic study was performed in female BALB/c mice to measure blood plasma concentration of the compound at therapeutic dose. At a single dose of 3 mg/kg, SRS27 had a relatively short half-life but was able to achieve a concentration range of 13–19 μM that is related to its in vitro bioactivities. With regard to toxicity profile, SRS27 appears to be safe, as no histopathological changes were observed in the liver, kidneys and ovaries of SRS27-treated female BALB/c mice. In addition, there was no significant change in the mean body weight and organ weight of the animals in the SRS27-treated groups compared with the vehicle-treated control group at the end of the treatment. This fully supports the absence of any significant changes in peripheral blood leukocyte counts of SRS27-treated mice. Rewardingly, this acute toxicity study also revealed that SRS27 has a wide therapeutic window as no toxicity symptoms were detected with a dose up to 60 mg/kg daily when tested for 14 days. These results provide strong justification for further investigation of SRS27 as a potential new anti-asthma agent.

Objective: Memory is an essential function of cognition in humans, but an age- and disease-related deterioration of this function is common. The currently known treatments have high failure rates, and thus, the slowing down of memory degeneration at an early age is the preferred preventive approach. Exercise, specifically aerobic exercise, has been proven to enhance memory via various pathways, such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and growth factor expression. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of aerobic exercise on short-term and long-term memory function in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats aged 7 mo were randomly distributed into four groups: Control, short-term memory (C-S); Control, long-term memory (C-L); Aerobic, short-term memory (A-S); and Aerobic, long-term memory (A-L). The aerobic groups received exercise treatment for 30 min each five times per week, at a treadmill speed of 20 m/min. The treatment duration was 8 w. Short-term memory was assessed using the forced alteration Y-maze test, and long-term memory was assessed using the object location task. Results: The findings showed that rats placed under the aerobic exercise regimen had significantly better long-term memory function at the end of 8 w (p = 0.006), while no significant difference was observed in short-term memory function between the aerobic exercise group and the control group. Conclusion: The present study shows that aerobic exercise is beneficial in improving long-term memory function in rats.

Software testing is a crucial process in software development life cycle which will affect the software quality. However, testing is a tedious task and resource consuming. Software testing can be conducted more efficiently by focusing this activitiy to software modules which is prone to defect. Therefore, an automated software defect prediction is needed. This research implemented Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) as classification algorithm because of its simplicity in training process and good generalization performance. Aside classification algorithm, the most important problem need to be addressed is imbalanced data between samples of positive class (prone to defect) and negative class. Such imbalance problem could bias the performance of classifier. Therefore, this research compared some approaches to handle imbalance problem between SMOTE (resampling method) and weighted-ELM (algorithm-level method).The results of experiment using 10-fold cross validation on NASA MDP dataset show that including imbalance problem handling in building software defect prediction model is able to increase the specificity and g-mean of model. When the value of imbalance ratio is not very small, the SMOTE is better than weighted-ELM. Otherwise, weighted-ELM is better than SMOTE in term of sensitivity and g-mean, but worse in term of specificity and accuracy.Software testing is a crucial process in software development life cycle which will affect the software quality. However, testing is a tedious task and resource consuming. Software testing can be conducted more efficiently by focusing this activitiy to software modules which is prone to defect. Therefore, an automated software defect prediction is needed. This research implemented Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) as classification algorithm because of its simplicity in training process and good generalization performance. Aside classification algorithm, the most important problem need to be addressed is imbalanced data between samples of positive class (prone to defect) and negative class. Such imbalance problem could bias the performance of classifier. Therefore, this research compared some approaches to handle imbalance problem between SMOTE (resampling method) and weighted-ELM (algorithm-level method).The results of experiment using 10-fold cross validation on NASA MDP dataset show that including imbalance problem handling in building software defect prediction model is able to increase the specificity and g-mean of model. When the value of imbalance ratio is not very small, the SMOTE is better than weighted-ELM. Otherwise, weighted-ELM is better than SMOTE in term of sensitivity and g-mean, but worse in term of specificity and accuracy.

One of the goals of teaching mathematics in elementary schools is students are able to understand mathematical concepts, explain the interrelationships of the concepts and apply algorithmic concepts in a flexible, accurate, efficient and precisely in solving their daily problems. The elementary schools nowadays show that there are still found many students who have difficulty in solving problems related to the subject matter, especially on arithmetic operations of integers. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Students in first grade are given a worksheet to solve individually by writing out the work steps clearly. Six students were chosen as research subjects to be analyzed. The sixth research subject consists of 2 subjects who have high mathematical abilities, 2 medium, and 2 low mathematical abilities. The difficulty of the subject was observed by examining the worksheet's answer and giving clinical interviews related to the results of his work. Based on the results of data analysis, the difficulty of learning mathematics of elementary school students in integer operations is: 1) students have difficulty understanding the purpose of the question so that it incorrectly translated into mathematical sentences; 2) students have difficulty operating numbers that contain negative signs; 3) 95% of students have difficulty understanding the meaning of equal sign (=); 4) students have difficulty carrying out the division operations.

Medicinal plants or biopharmaca plants are horticultural plants which are currently being developed to meet the needs of herbal medicinal raw materials that are experiencing high demand. One type of biopharmaca plant is turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val). Turmeric has many benefits as medicine and cooking spices. One of the turmeric producing regions is Sukabumi Regency, which is produced by Gapoktan Jaya Bakti farmers in Ciemas District. The objectives of this study are: (1) the income of Turmeric farming in Gapoktan Jaya Bakti, (2) the marketing channels (3) Analyzing the marketing efficiency of Turmeric. The research location is the area of Turmeric farmers who are members of Gapoktan Jaya Bakti in Sukabumi Regency, with the number of samples taken is 30 Turmeric farmers from 100 population of farmers in Gapoktan .The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and quantitative. The results showed that the income of Turmeric farmers on cash costs with an average land area of 4,269 m2 amounted to Rp1,477,511.11 and a total cost of Rp 1,373,877.78 with R / C of 1.20 and 1.18 for the total cost, this value shows the Turmeric farming in Gapoktan Jaya Bakti profitable. Tetrdapat 4 Turmeric marketing channels consisting of farmers, collector traders, village collector traders, wholesalers, retailers. The marketing function performed by each marketing institution is the exchange, physical and facility functions. Marketing efficiency can be seen in terms of farmers and traders, in terms of farmers marketing channel 4 is the most efficient channel and in terms of traders the most efficient marketing channel 1.Keywords : Medicinal Plants, Farm Income, Marketing Efficiency.

This report aimed to report how the Education and Culture Ministry responded to the mass media spotlight and public criticism related to full-day school education. The case study method with in-depth interviews and observations were used to collect the data. The study result explained the Education and Culture Ministry carried out public relations strategies such as publications, events, news, and negotiations to socialize full-day school policy and involved non-governmental organizations and community leaders to maximize the results. This program is still a debate in the community but is continuing as an effort to build the character of Indonesia's young generation.Keywords: Strategy public relations, the ministry of education and culture, Five-day school, Young generation-Indonesia. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2290

Objective The study aimed to explore nutrients intake and wasting among adolescent students in a small island of Makassar city, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Methods The study involved 103 students grade 8th and 9th using cross sectional design. Nutrients (calorie, protein, and lipid) intake was collected within two consecutive days using food recall 24 h questionnaire. It was analyzed using Nutrisurvey and categorized based on Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adolescents. Categorization of wasting was based on the WHO Reference 2007 BMI for age. Chi-square and T-test were performed to test the variables. Results Mean age of sample was 13.5 ± 0.6 years and mostly girls. Majority of fathers’ occupation was fisherman and mothers as housewife which have monthly incomes less than minimum wages of city. Only 24.5% and 13.6% of adolescents consume adequate calorie and protein, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that there the significant correlation between gender, have urticarial and nutrients intake (P 0.05). Conclusion Adolescents living in small island are prone to inadequate nutrient intakes, particularly calorie and protein. Gender and urticarial are correlated significantly with nutrient intakes.

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMPOWER- participatory action research (PAR) intervention, a multifaceted strategy based on the chronic care model (CCM) on primary care providers (PCP)’ adherence to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) clinical practice guideline (CPG) in the Malaysian primary care setting. METHODS: This was a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial –PAR conducted in ten public primary care clinics in Malaysia. Five clinics were randomly selected to provide the EMPOWER-PAR intervention for 1 year and another five clinics continued with usual care. The outcome measure was the absolute change in the proportion of PCP’s adherence to T2DM CPG captured using the “Indicators of Care Pro forma,” based on the recommendation by the Malaysian CPG on the Management of T2DM. Data were collected from the patients’ medical records, at baseline and at 1-year follow-up; and were analyzed using mixed method model. RESULTS: A total of 888 patients were recruited at baseline; 471 were in the intervention and 417 were in the control group. There was no significant demographic difference between the two groups at baseline except for ethnicity. At 1-year, 455 (96.6%) and 406 (97.3%) patients in the intervention and control groups completed the study, respectively. There were significant improvements in the absolute change in the proportion of PCPs’ adherence to T2DM CPG in the intervention group compared to the control group at 1-year follow-up in several indicators of care. These included the recording of BMI (0.6% vs. −1.8%, p

This study proposes to explore the key factors influencing the university students’ intention to use mobile learning system in Indonesia. For this purpose, four direct factors incorporated into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use Technology (UTAUT): performance expectancy, effort expectancy, external influence, quality of services and another additional factor — individual innovativeness were examined. The study is based on an online survey being conducted among 284 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis is performed at the beginning of the analysis to extract six factors (5 independents, one dependent) using IBM SPSS then tested confirmative factor analysis employed structural equation modeling. All five investigated factors (independent) are significantly influencing the intention of the student to use mobile learning (dependent). The result is also indicated that the UTAUT obtained two extra factors that are personal innovativeness and prior mobile social media experiences as a catalyst.

Introduction: Surgery is an experience that can cause anxiety, which, if not treated well, will cause some side effects. One of the forms of non-pharmacological therapy is hypnotherapy and yoga combination therapy. This study aimed to determine the effect of hypnotherapy and yoga combination therapy on anxiety scores in elective preoperative patients . Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest with control group design. This study involved 17 respondents in the intervention group and 17 respondents in the control group. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling. Data collection used the instruments of The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). The statistical test used was the Mann-Whitney test . Results: The average age of respondents was 36.65 years old. In a majority, they were junior high school graduates who worked as employee. The major type of operation was tumor excision. The average anxiety scores before treatment in the intervention group were 14.71 (moderate anxiety) and decreased after being given hypnotherapy and yoga combination therapy to 9.47 (mild anxiety). The average anxiety scores before treatment in the control group were 15.71 (moderate anxiety) and decreased after deep breathing therapy to 13.76 (moderate anxiety). The difference test in anxiety scores of the intervention and control groups obtained p-value 0.015. Conclusion: Hypnotherapy and yoga combination therapy can reduce anxiety scores in elective preoperative patients.

National Examination (NE) in education system always becomes a debatable issue particularly in Indonesia. One of the never-ending discussions is that the disadvantages of the NE is assumed to overweigh its advantages that leads the government to plan the withdrawal of the NE in the future. Before the withdrawal of the NE is undertaken, the government needs to further consider some aspects in regard to the usefulness and drawbacks of the NE from different aspects. Hence, this paper will address three aspects of the NE implementation in Indonesia namely its social impacts on students and other parties, lack of usefulness of the NE results and potential misleading and inaccurate information of the NE results. Expectedly, the decision, whether it is to withdraw or maintain the NE, can be beneficial for the improvement of the national education quality.