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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially pembrolizumab, have improved outcomes in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC). However, there are no reliable markers for the evaluation of its efficacy. GC samples from the UCSC Xena Browser and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were performed by bioinformatics analysis. The single sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) algorithm was used to calculate the prognostic genes expression differences score (ssGSEA score) for each sample. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify the score-related key model. The hub gene was identified based on the intersection between tumor-related transcription factors (TFs) and the key module. The predictive ability for pembrolizumab response of the hub gene was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The correlations between the hub gene and immune infiltration in GC were investigated by the CIBERSORT algorithm. According to the ssGSEA score, patients with GC were divided into the high- and low-score group. RUNX1T1 was the hub gene of the ICIs treatment in GC. Its high expression was related to the low-score group, which indicated low sensitivity to pembrolizumab and poor prognosis. RUNX1T1 showed good predictive power for pembrolizumab response (AUC = 0.742). The CIBERSORT analysis showed that a high expression for RUNX1T1 weakened the anti-tumor immune response by affecting the immune cell infiltration.Runx1T1 may be a potential predictor of pembrolizumab efficacy in GC and be a prognostic marker for GC.

In recent years, research on wound healing has become increasingly in-depth, but therapeutic effects are still not satisfactory. Occasionally, pathological tissue repair occurs. Influencing factors have been proposed, but finding the turning point between normal and pathological tissue repair is difficult. Therefore, we focused our attention on the most basic level of tissue repair: fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were once considered terminally differentiated cells that represent a single cell type, and their heterogeneity was not studied until recently. We believe that subpopulations of fibroblasts play different roles in tissue repair, resulting in different repair results, such as the formation of normal scars in physiological tissue repair and fibrosis or ulcers in pathological tissue repair. It is also proposed that scarless healing can be achieved by regulating fibroblast subpopulations.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The prognosis of patients with HCC remains poor largely due to the late diagnosis and lack of effective treatments. Despite being widely used, alpha-fetoprotein serology and ultrasonography have limited diagnostic performance for early-stage HCC. The emergence of omics strategies has contributed to significant advances in the development of non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC including proteins, metabolites, circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid, and circulating non-coding ribonucleic acid. Early diagnosis is beneficial to patients as it increases the proportion who can be treated with curative treatment, thus prolonging survival outcomes. Currently, multiple clinical trials involving locoregional, systemic therapies, and combinations of these modalities are changing therapeutic strategies for different stage HCC. Success in several preclinical trials that involve immunotherapeutic innovations has created the potential to complement and enforce other treatment strategies in the future. This review summarizes the most recent advances in non-invasive early molecular detection, current therapy strategies, and potential immunotherapeutic innovations of HCC.

Illicit drug use has long been a key issue of international concern, and the true situation is unknown to the relevant authorities. To develop a profile of comprehensive consumption patterns of illicit drugs in China, data from 34 wastewater treatment plants in 25 cities were collected to analyze four classes of drugs, including amphetamine-type stimulants, opioids, ketamine, and cocaine. They were identified and quantified in samples using methods based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. According to the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach, an analysis of the consumption pattern was performed regarding per inhabitant consumption based on the revised metabolic rate. The consumption quantity of illicit drug and precursor was divided into four categories based on statistical difference analyses: methamphetamine and ephedrine (precursor) were the predominant drugs in the first category, followed by ketamine and heroin in the second category, methcathinone and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the third category, and cocaine and methadone in the fourth category. There were distinctive spatial patterns: heroin and cocaine consumption was higher in Southern China than in Northern China, heroin consumption was higher in Western China than in Eastern China, and the consumption of each drug differed across seven regions of China, especially with ephedrine and methcathinone consumption higher in North China; heroin consumption higher in Southwest, Central, and Northwest China; and ketamine and MDMA consumption higher in East, South, and Central China. Compared with findings in previous studies, there were temporal patterns, in which ketamine consumption presented a downward trend but heroin remained stable. Based on correlation analyses, there were the polydrug abuse patterns between heroin and cocaine, methcathinone and ketamine, and cocaine and MDMA. In general, this study based on WBE provides a comprehensive evaluation of drug consumption in China.

Hypertrophic scars (HS) arise from traumatic or surgical injuries and the subsequent abnormal wound healing, which is characterized by continuous and histologically localized inflammation. Therefore, inhibiting local inflammation is an effective method of treating HS. Recent insight into the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, in fibrosis has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of HS and has suggested new therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the recent progress in elucidating the role of IL-10 in the formation of HS and its therapeutic potential based on current research. This knowledge will enhance our understanding of the role of IL-10 in scar formation and shed new light on the regulation and potential treatment of HS.

The incidence of acute and chronic wound diseases is rising due to various reasons. With complicated pathogenesis, long course, difficult treatment and high disability, wound diseases have become a major burden for patients, their families, and society. Therefore, the focus of research is to identify new ideas and methods for treatment. Fat grafting has gained increased attention because of its effectiveness in wound treatment, and further analysis has uncovered that the stem cells derived from fat may be the main factor affecting wound healing. We summarize the function of adipose stem cells and analyze their possible mechanisms in tissue repair, helping to provide new ideas for the treatment of wound healing.

Objective The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China has been basically controlled. However, the global epidemic of COVID-19 is worsening. We established a method to estimate the instant case fatality rate (CFR) and cure rate of COVID-19 in China. Methods A total of 82 735 confirmed cases released officially by the Chinese authorities from December 8, 2019 to April 18, 2020 were collected. The estimated diagnosis dates of deaths and cured cases were calculated based on the median cure time or median death time of individual cases. Following this, the instant CFR was calculated according to the number of deaths and cured cases on the same estimated diagnosis date. Results In China, the instant CFR of COVID-19 was 3.8–14.6% from January 1 to January 17; it then declined gradually and stabilized at 5.7% in April. The average CFR in China was 6.1 ± 2.9%, while the CFR was 1.0 ± 0.4% in China except Hubei Province. The cure rate of COVID-19 was 93.9 ± 2.9% in China, and stabilized at 94.3%, while it was 99.0 ± 0.4% in China except Hubei Province. Conclusions The instant CFR of COVID-19 in China overall was much higher than that in China except Hubei Province. The CFR of COVID-19 in China was underestimated.

BackgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initially appeared and has most rapidly spread in Wuhan, China. The case fatality rate is the most direct indicator to assess the hazards of an infectious disease. We aimed to estimate the instant fatality rate and cure rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan City and its affiliated Hubei Province.MethodsWe collected the daily case notification data of COVID-19 from Dec 8, 2019 to Mar 10, 2020 in Wuhan City and Hubei Province officially announced by the Chinese authority. The numbers of daily confirmed/deaths/cured cases and the numbers of daily cumulative confirmed/deaths/cured cases were obtained. The death time and cure time of COVID-19 patients were calculated based on the dates of diagnosis, death and discharge of individual cases. Then the estimated diagnosis dates of deaths and cured cases were obtained on the basis of the median death or medium cure time, respectively. Finally, the instant fatality rate of COVID-19 was calculated according to the numbers of deaths and cured cases on the same estimated diagnosis dates.ResultsFrom Jan 1, 2020 to Feb 22, 2020 in Wuhan City, the instant case fatality rate of COVID-19 was 3.4%∼19.5% and the instant cured rate was 80.0%∼96.6%. The average fatality rate reached 11.4% while the average cure rate was 88.6%. During the same period in Hubei Province, the instant case fatality rate was 3.8%∼16.6% and the instant cured rate was 83.4%∼96.6%. The average fatality rate and the average cure rate were 9.2% and 91.8%, respectively.ConclusionsThe fatality rate and cure rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan City and Hubei Province were underestimated. Wuhan showed higher fatality rate and cure rate than the whole Hubei Province did.

Background: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China has been basically controlled However, the worldwide COVID-19 cases are increasing

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initially appeared and has most rapidly spread in Wuhan, China. The case fatality rate is the most direct indicator to assess the hazards of an infectious disease. We aimed to estimate the instant fatality rate and cure rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan City and its affiliated Hubei Province. Methods: We collected the daily case notification data of COVID-19 from Dec 8, 2019 to Feb 29, 2020 in Wuhan City and Hubei Province officially announced by the Chinese authority. The numbers of daily confirmed/deaths/cured cases and the numbers of daily cumulative confirmed/deaths/cured cases were obtained. The death time and cure time of COVID-19 patients were calculated based on the dates of diagnosis, death and discharge of individual cases. Then the estimated diagnosis dates of deaths and cured cases were obtained on the basis of the median death or medium cure time, respectively. Finally, the instant fatality rate of COVID-19 was calculated according to the numbers of deaths and cured cases on the same estimated diagnosis dates. Findings: From Jan 1, 2020 to Feb 13, 2020 in Wuhan City, the instant fatality rate of COVID-19 was 3.4%～19.5% and the instant cured rate was 80.0%～96.6%. The average fatality rate reached 12.3% while the average cure rate was 87.7%. During the same period in Hubei Province, the instant fatality rate of confirmed cases was 3.8%～16.6% and the instant cured rate was 83.4%～96.6%. The average fatality rate and the average cure rate were 10.0% and 90.0%, respectively. Interpretation: The fatality rate and cure rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan City and Hubei Province were underestimated. Wuhan showed higher fatality rate and cure rate than the whole Hubei Province did. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Hypertrophic scars are pathological scars that result from abnormal responses to trauma, and could cause serious functional and cosmetic disability. To date, no optimal treatment method has been established. A variety of cell types are involved in hypertrophic scar formation after wound healing, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular origins of hypertrophic scars are not fully understood. Macrophages are major effector cells in the immune response after tissue injury that orchestrates the process of wound healing. Depending on the local microenvironment, macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes at different stages during scar pathogenesis. This review intends to summarize the direct and indirect roles of macrophages during hypertrophic scar formation. The in vivo depletion of macrophages or blocking their signaling reduces scar formation in experimental models, thereby establishing macrophages as positive regulatory cells in the skin scar formation. In the future, a significant amount of attention should be given to molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause the phenotypic switch of wound macrophages, which may provide novel therapeutic targets for hypertrophic scars.

Abnormal wound healing is likely to induce the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids, which leads to dysfunction, deformity, and mental problem in the patients. Despite the advances in prevention and management of hypertrophic scar and keloids, the mechanism underlying scar and keloid formation has not been fully elucidated. Recent insights into the role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in development, wound healing, stem cell regulation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertrophic scarring and keloids and suggested new therapeutic targets. This review summarizes recent progress in the elucidation of the role of EMT in physiologic wound healing and pathologic scar formation. This knowledge will facilitate an understanding of EMT roles in scar formation and shed new light on the modulation and potential treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.

Background: Hypertrophic scar (HS) is characterized by the increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts, the main effector cells for dermal fibrosis, develop from normal fibroblasts. Thus, the stimulation of myofibroblast apoptosis is a possible treatment for HS. We aimed to explore that whether over-activated myofibroblasts can be targeted for apoptosis by anticancer drug elesclomol. Methods: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, flow cytometry, western blotting, collagen gel contraction and immunofluorescence assays were applied to demonstrate the proapoptotic effect of elesclomol in scar derived myofibroblasts and TGF-β1 induced myofibroblasts. The therapeutic potential of elesclomol was investigated by establishing rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models. Findings: Both 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and flow cytometry indicated that elesclomol targets myofibroblasts in vitro. Collagen gel contraction assay showed that elesclomol inhibited myofibroblast contractility. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis revealed that elesclomol resulted in excessive intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS), and caspase-3 and cytochrome c proteins. Moreover, compared with the control group, the elesclomol group had a significantly lower scar elevation index in vivo. Immunofluorescence assays for TUNEL and α-smooth muscle actin indicated that elesclomol treatment increased the number of apoptotic myofibroblasts. Interpretation: The above results indicate that elesclomol exerted a significant inhibitory effect on HS formation via targeted myofibroblast apoptosis associated with increased oxidative stress. Thus, elesclomol is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of myofibroblast-related diseases such as HS. Funding Statement: Funding for this study was provided by the Natural Science Foundation of China (81770876), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant BK20191141). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests with relevance to this study. Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocols were approved by the ethics committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University. The study purpose and the procedures involved were explained to the patients, who all consented in writing to the use of their resected tissue specimens in this study. The animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Committee of Jiangnan University.

Monitoring the consumption of pharmaceuticals and licit drugs is important for assessing the needs of public health owing to the impact on individuals as well as society. The present work applied wastewater-based epidemiology to profile the spatial patterns of metformin, nicotine, and caffeine use and their correlations. Influent wastewater samples were collected from 27 wastewater treatment plants in 22 typical Chinese cities that covered all geographic regions of the country. The consumption of metformin ranged from 0.02 g/d/1000 inh to 8.92 g/d/1000 inh, whereas caffeine and nicotine consumption ranged from 4.33 g/d/1000 inh to 394 g/d/1000 inh and 0.17 g/d/1000 inh to 1.88 g/d/1000 inh, respectively. There were significant regional differences in the consumption of caffeine, with the highest consumption in East China and the lowest consumption in Northeast China. The consumption and concentration of caffeine were related to the gross domestic product and per capita disposable income of urban residents, respectively. There was a correlation between the concentrations of caffeine and cotinine (a nicotine metabolite), thereby indicating that individuals that use one of these substances are likely to use the other substance. A significant relationship was found between the concentration of metformin and cotinine, thereby implying that the use of tobacco may be correlated with type 2 diabetes. Co-analysis of these substances in wastewater may provide a more accurate picture of substance use situations within different communities and provide more information on human health, human behavior, and the economy. This report describes the newest study related to the consumption of metformin among the general population in China.

(7R,8S)-Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DDA), a lignan isolated from the dried stems of Clematis armandii, has been found to exert potential anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of DDA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory response in murine BV2 microglia. Our results revealed that non-toxic concentrations (6.25-25 μM) of DDA markedly suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and release of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, DDA time- and concentration-dependently attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK), but not protein kinase B, p38, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Moreover, DDA significantly suppress LPS-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by inhibiting phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Collectively, our results demonstrated that DDA inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in BV2 cell, at least in part, through inhibition of NF-κB activation and modulation of JNK signaling.

Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the role of mmLDL in the endothelium-dependent relaxation of mouse mesenteric arteries. A sensitive myograph system was employed to examine the endothelial function of mesenteric arteries. mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The ultramicrostructure of mesenteric vascular beds was investigated using a transmission electron microscope. The results showed that mmLDL significantly impaired the acetylcholine-induced (3 × 10−10 to 1 × 10−4M) endothelium-dependent relaxation of mouse mesenteric arteries with markedly reduced pIC50 (p < 0.05) and Rmax values (p < 0.001). In addition, mmLDL increased the levels of superoxide production and nitrotyrosine concentration and impaired the endothelial microstructure with decreased KCa3.1 and KCa2.3 expression. In conclusion, mmLDL increases superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels, damages endothelial microstructure with decreased KCa3.1 and KCa2.3 expression, and ultimately attenuates relaxation mediated by nitric oxide- and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.

Three kinds of turbines (Vestas V-47:660 kW, Enercon E−40:600 kW, Vestas V-66:1.75 MW) were installed on three selected sites (Mailiao, Jhongtun, Chunfong) as wind power plants for electricity generation on an island. However, such power plants including turbines in establishment and operation during entire life cycle are bound to consume energy and produce carbon emission, causing environmental problems. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of three wind power plants on the environment during their entire life cycle. This paper made the calculations of carbon emissions of three wind power plants, and compared and discussed the occupied shares of each primary energy input in manufacture, construction, operation and disposal phases using the methods of mathematics and materials input-output life cycle assessment. The results show that the CO2 emission factor of three systems was on average 3.9 g/kWh for the whole life cycle. The average CO2 emission intensity of all raw materials was 1.35 kg/kg. The occupied share of CO2 emissions in manufacturing, construction, and decommissioning phases was 44%, 16%, and 40% respectively. The primary energy input intensity was on average 0.0625 MJ/kWh of three systems for whole life cycle. The average energy input intensity of three systems was 21.48 MJ/kg. The combined CO2 emission intensity of all steel materials was 1.98 kg/kg. The demands for materials and energy inputs, and carbon emissions are positively related to the rated power value of a wind turbine. Wind power has a priority to produce clean energy, and can significantly decrease CO2 emissions.

The risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients is mainly associated with endothelial dysfunction. Reduced number of EPCs and impaired function of EPCs in diabetes result in imbalance of endothelial homeostasis and dysfunction of vessels. In patients with diabetes mellitus, plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were elevated, while the expression and activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) were reduced. In the present study, we investigated the role of the DDAH2/ADMA pathway in the senescence of EPCs in type 2 diabetic patients and cultured EPCs treated with high glucose. The results showed that the percentage of senescent EPCs increased while the expression of DDAH2 decreased concomitantly with an increase in the plasma levels of ADMA in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Similar results were seen in cultured EPCs treated with high glucose. Exogenous application of ADMA accelerated the senescence of EPCs in a dose-dependent manner, and overexpression of DDAH2 inhibited high glucose-induced EPCs senescence. In addition, it has also been reported that DDAH/ADMA pathway is regulated by silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in endothelial cell. In the present study, we found decreased expression of SIRT1 both in T2DM patients and EPCs pretreated with high glucose. And resveratrol (activating SIRT1) inhibited high glucose-induced EPCs senescence by upregulating the expression of DDAH2 and decreasing the levels of ADMA. Taken together, we concluded that DDAH2/ADMA is involved in the accelerated senescence of EPCs in diabetes, which is associated with the activation of SIRT1.

This study focuses on the smoothly blending problem of two cylinders whose axes are non-coplanar at the clipping planes which are perpendicular to the axes. Based on the condition that the axes were smoothly blended, we presented the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of the blending surface with the cylindrical helicoids tube constructed. And when those conditions were met, we presented the specific blending examples.

(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-(4-((4-guanidinobutoxy)carbonyl)-2,6-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (ZYZ-488) was discovered as a novel inhibitor of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1). In present work, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay confirms the direct binding between ZYZ-488 and Apaf-1 and this interaction was found to be able to block the recruitment of procaspase-9 by Apaf-1. This study also shows that the treatment of MI (myocardial infarction) mice with this novel Apaf-1 inhibitor remarkably reduces the infarct size, improves cardiac functions, and attenuates the histopathology changes caused by MI. Meanwhile, here it is shown that ZYZ-488 decreases myocardial enzyme release, inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and suppresses the activation of the downstream cascade of caspases. Moreover, in silico prediction validated the drug-like properties of ZYZ-488. In conclusion, our findings present the first piece of evidence indicating the interaction between Apaf-1 and procaspase-9 as a novel therapeutic target in myocardial infarction and suggesting ZYZ-488 as a promising therapeutic option for myocardial infarction disease.

A novel method is proposed by constructing the intersecting line of two tapered surfaces to smooth blending non-coplanar axes. Necessary and sufficient conditions for smooth blending two non-coplanar cylindrical surfaces are achieved. Specific example is also provided.

A large number of oilfield produced water is produced during the developing of oilfield，the optimal way to process these oilfield produced water is to reinject it into strata. This paper firstly analyzes the characteristics of oilfield produced water, then focuses on introducing the research and application process of both traditional and new treatment technologies of produced water , and finally brings forward some expectation about the application and development direction of the oilfield produced water treatment processes.

At present, most oilfields in our country has entered the mid-late development, water-flooding technology is widely accepted, multi-layer hybrid mining and multi-layer hybrid conveying process. If no compatibility between injected water and formation water or different horizon produced water is poor, it can form various types of oil field scale.Scale reservoir caused by congestion, not only can bring damage to reservoir, also can give bring different degree of corrosion of equipment and pipeline, reduce the heat transfer rate of equipment and pipeline. The scale formation, fouling hazards, scaling trend prediction and antiscale technology in oilfield produced water are introduced. It as the basis of the theory of compatibility experiments has a certain realistic guiding significance in mixed mining, mixed transportation and reinjection process.

On the basis of researching virtual reality training system at home and abroad, in view of the oilfield staff training needs, we design the training system framework of the oilfield staff simulation based on virtual reality technology. Give the composition of the system framework and the main functions of the modules. Using the simulation technology, we can draw the craft process. Let the employees do man-machine interactive operation in a virtual reality scene. Then according to the quality of operation, operation steps and the alarm-condition appears in the operation, the training system give a score. Through this kind of training methods, it improves the safety skills of the oilfield staff and capability of dealing with accidents.

Paper illustrates the background of boutique open video class in China. According to the prepared works of the photographers and the subjects before we taped of the boutique open video classes in the teaching field of China, it researches the techniques which are used in recording video and later editing. It mainly discusses the problems, such as one third composition methods, cutting-body principle, lens push-pull shooting technologies and the photography technology problems and so on. It also studies the forming strategy of the online open classes initiated by foreign distinguished universities.

Monoclonal antibodies have become a part of daily preparation technologies in many laboratories. Attempts have been made to apply monoclonal antibodies to open a new train of thought for clinical treatments of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other immune-associated diseases. This paper is a prospective review to anticipate that monoclonal antibody application in the treatment of myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the heart, could be a novel approach in the future. In order to better understand the current state of the art in monoclonal antibody techniques and advance applications in myocarditis, we, through a significant amount of literature research both domestic and abroad, developed a systematic elaboration of monoclonal antibodies, pathogenesis of myocarditis, and application of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis. This paper presents review of the literature of some therapeutic aspects of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy to demonstrate the advance of monoclonal antibody application in myocarditis and a strong anticipation that monoclonal antibody application may supply an effective therapeutic approach to relieve the severity of myocarditis in the future. Under conventional therapy, myocarditis is typically associated with congestive heart failure as a progressive outcome, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic strategies to improve long-term results. Reviewing some therapeutic aspects of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis, we recently found that monoclonal antibodies with high purity and strong specificity can accurately act on target and achieve definite progress in the treatment of viral myocarditis in rat model and may meet the need above. However, several issues remain. The technology on how to make a higher homologous and weak immunogenic humanized or human source antibody and the treatment mechanism of monoclonal antibodies may provide solutions for these open issues. If we are to further stimulate progress in the area of clinical decision support, we must continue to develop and refine our understanding and use of monoclonal antibodies in myocarditis.

Pear-shaped needle is a special tool to processing microporous on the spinneret, which is critical to the quality of the spinneret. Existing processing methods of pear-shaped needle has many disadvantages, this paper put forward a method to processing pear-shaped needle with hone grinding, and validated it by experiment.

The paper illustrates the background of boutique open video class in China, and the differences between the boutique open video class and the boutique shared class. It also discusses the domestic study of the strategy of forming the online open courses initiated by foreign distinguished universities in recent years. By the comparison of the strategy used at home and abroad in terms of equipment, shooting techniques, and multimedia technology utilization, it draws the revelation of producing boutique video open classes.

The microporous on spinneret has the characteristics of high precision, small pore size and large quantity. Spinneret microporous finishing operation is mainly used for removing the burr formed on the spinneret silk surface after micropores drilling and punching. The burrs seriously affect the quality of the spinning fibers. Micropore spinneret finishing plays a vital role in improving the quality of processing micropore. This paper introduces a system consisting of the spinneret micropore fine machine,then focuses on fine machine positioning system and proposes a high-precision positioning method of the microporous.

In this paper,we conducted circular cone turning cutting force measurement test by using orthogonal test method and YDCD piezoelectric unidirectional turning dynamometer,then analyzed the orthogonal test results with the intuitive analysis method. A BP neural network model between the cutting speed,feed rate,cutting depth and the main cutting force is established by using Matlab neural network toolbox and then to be verified. The verification results show that the BP neural network circular cone turning cutting force prediction model has very high prediction accuracy.

The paper takes the cold working die steel Cr12 for specimen material,carries out the plunge milling test on Cr12 and the plunge milling force has been measured by YDX - Ⅲ 9702 piezoelectric milling dynamometer. The tool deformations are analyzed both in plunge milling and side milling on the same size milling force. Test and analysis show that the axial milling force significantly greater than the other two directions and the tool deformation in plunge milling less than the tool deformation in the side milling.

The production of zinc-bearing solid dust is up to 4%~8% of total crude steel in steel plant, which is difficult to be recycled in traditional methods. To fully utilize the resources and reduce environmental pollutions, Chinese steel plants are using rotary hearth furnace (RHF) process to recycle solid dust. A consequential life-cycle inventory was carried out to assess the impact of dust recovery on greenhouse gas emissions based on the local production status. In the study system, the selected steel plant named a which have 10.5 million tons of Crude steel productivity and 0.48 million tons solid dust come out meanwhile. To research, a RHF production line of 0.3 million tons directly reduced iron (DRI) a year was established to recycle the solid dust. The DRI will be obtained from RHF and sent to the blast furnace as raw materials to reduce the demand for iron ore and coke in steelmaking processes. By researching on the life-cycle inventory in the system, the steelmaking process with RHF was 2299.3kgCO2/ton steel. It’s a little higher while compared with the process without RHF, which data is 2297.0 kgCO2/ton steel. The small production of DRI make a small difference to reduce the carbon footprint of steelmaking process, the added carbon footprint of RHF process is more than BF and other steelmaking processes reduced. It is concluded that dust recovery has no contribution to the greenhouse gas emission reductions in the technic condition of Chinese steel plants currently.

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical characteristics of implant–abutment interface design in a dental implant system, using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) method. This finite element simulation study was applied on three commonly used commercial dental implant systems: model I, the reduced-diameter 3i implant system (West Palm Beach, FL, USA) with a hex and a 12-point double internal hexagonal connection; model II, the Semados implant system (Bego, Bremen, Germany) with combination of a conical (45° taper) and internal hexagonal connection; and model III, the Brånemark implant system (Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) with external hexagonal connection. In simulation, a force of 170 N with 45° oblique to the longitudinal axis of the implant was loaded to the top surface of the abutment. It has been found from the strength and stiffness analysis that the 3i implant system has the lowest maximum von Mises stress, principal stress and displacement while the Brånemark implant system has the highest. It was concluded from our preliminary study using nonlinear FEA that the reduced-diameter 3i implant system with a hex and a 12-point double internal hexagonal connection had a better stress distribution, and produced a smaller displacement than the other two implant systems.

Xiao Nie,1,* Yi Shao,2,* Si-yu Liu,3 Hai-jun Li,1 Ai-lan Wan,4 Si Nie,1 De-chang Peng,1 Xi-jian Dai1,5 1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Medical College of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China; 5Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally tothis work Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the resting-state functional connectivity (FC) differences between the paired default mode network (DMN) subregions in patients with primary insomnia (PIs).Methods: Forty-two PIs and forty-two age- and sex-matched good sleepers (GSs) were recruited. All subjects underwent the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The seed-based region-to-region FC method was used to evaluate the abnormal connectivity within the DMN subregions between the PIs and the GSs. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between the abnormal FC strength within the paired DMN subregions and the clinical features in PIs.Results: Compared with the GSs, the PIs showed higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, Self-Rating Depression Scale score, Self Rating Anxiety Scale score, Self-Rating Scale of Sleep score, and Profile of Mood States score (P

BACKGROUND. Recent work has demonstrated that methyl methansulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 (Mus81) is critical in the maintenance of chromosome stability and tumor suppression in mice. To investigate its role in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which currently is unknown, the authors examined the correlation between Mus81 expression and prognosis in patients with HCC. METHODS. Reverse transcriptase-polymersase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used to determine Mus81 expression levels in 41 paired HCC and paracarcinomatous liver tissue (PCLT) specimens. Immunohistochemistry analysis was also performed on 104 HCC specimens from patients with follow-up information. RESULTS. Both Mus81 messenger RNA and protein expression levels were decreased significantly in HCC specimens. Moreover, lower Mus81 expression levels were detected in nodular HCC (NHCC) than in solitary large HCC (SLHCC) specimens. Among 104 specimens of HCC, the positive rate of Mus81 was significantly lower than the rate in PCLT (P = .017), and the decreased Mus81expression was correlated significantly with high Edmondson-Steiner grade, multiple tumor nodes, and venous invasion. Patients with HCC who had low Mus81 expression had either poorer disease-free survival or poorer overall survival than patients who had with high Mus81 expression (P = .0027 and P = .0001, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that low Mus81 expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with HCC (risk ratio, 5.74; P = .012). CONCLUSIONS. Mus81 expression levels were decreased significantly in HCC specimens, and the decreased levels were correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with HCC, implicating Mus81 as a candidate prognostic marker in HCC. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.

Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought as a major reason of vascular injury in diabetes. Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) is a newly found peroxidase playing an important role in inducing oxidative stress. In the present experiment, we tested the role of VPO1 in senescence of endothelial cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and cultured endothelial cells. Methods Blood samples were collected from carotid arteries. Vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (Ach) in the isolated aortic rings were measured, serum concentration of glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the expression of VPO1 in the aorta were determined. Endothelial cells were treated with high glucose or H 2 O 2 , the concentrations of MCP-1, TNF-α and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the expression of VPO1 were determined. shRNA of VPO1 was used for mechanism research in cultured cells. Results Vasodilator responses to Ach were impaired markedly and the serum concentrations of glucose, TNF-α and MCP-1 were significantly increased in diabetic rats. The expression of VPO1 in the aorta was upregulated in diabetic rats. High glucose treatment significantly decreased cell viability and elevated the levels of MCP-1, TNF-α and HOCl and upregulated the expression of VPO1. H 2 O 2 treatment significantly induced cellular senescence, inhibited eNOS expression and NO production. The effects of high glucose and H 2 O 2 were attenuated by shRNA interference of VPO1. Conclusions VPO1 plays an important role in senescence of endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction by induction of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in type 2 diabetic rats.

Tetrahydroacridine (THA), or Cognex, is currently awaiting FDA approval for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In addition to reports indicating that THA improves the symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease, we have found that THA possesses potent antiplatelet activity. THA produced dose-dependent inhibition of human platelet aggregation induced by collagen, ADP, A23187, and phorbol ester. THA, when added to activated platelets, dispersed the platelet aggregates. We have also examined the effects of THA on intracellular Ca++ mobilization, ATP release, and production of cyclic AMP.

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) is an active ingredient of a Chinese herbal medicine. We have previously shown that TMPZ possesses antithrombotic activity in rat thrombotic models. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and promotion of disaggregation contributed to the antithrombotic activity of TMPZ. In this study, we evaluated the antiplatelet actions of TMPZ using human platelets and found that antiplatelet activity of TMPZ included the inhibition of intracellular Ca++ mobilization (mainly the release from internal stores), the enhancement of intracellular cAMP by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity, and the reduction of GP IIb/IIIa exposure on the surface of activated platelets.