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Purpose: To evaluate the treatment solutions and effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab (RBZ) or conbercept in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) in a real-life setting in China.Methods: The medical records of 368 patients with wAMD who started RBZ or conbercept treatment between 1 May 2014 and 30 April 2018 were evaluated. All patients were defined on fundus angiography at baseline to determine the subtype of AMD (PCV or CNV). We report visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) measurements at baseline and 12 months.Results: The average number of anti-VEGF injections was 2.1 ± 1.2. The BCVA improvement of these two groups was similar with a difference of 1.00 letter (95% CI: −1.4~3.4, p = 0.8505). At the end of the study, a BCVA increase of at least 5 letters was determined to be a satisfactory efficacy endpoint. Several factors were related to the possible improvement in the satisfactory efficacy endpoint, including female sex (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.22~3.51), number of injections (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12~1.75) and VA change at the first month (OR 13.75, 95% CI 7.41~25.51). Additionally, some factors were related to the possible reduction in the satisfactory efficacy endpoint, including diabetes (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10~0.73) and disease history (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57~0.98).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that anti-VEGF drugs can effectively improve BCVA and reduce CRT in AMD patients. Sex, number of injections, VA change at the first month, diabetes and disease history are the most important factors affecting visual acuity.

Within the last twenty years, China has become a net importer of coal, oil and natural gas. China’s energy security becomes increasingly important. The paper analysed the energy production and consumption of China, and described the change of China’s energy security strategy. This research constructed an evaluation system from five dimensions of reserve security, production and transmission security, trade security, consumption security and sustainability. By adopting the grey related TOPSIS model, the research examined the energy security level of China from 2005 and 2019. The paper proposed countermeasures and suggestions to improve energy security level of China.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between a number of variables pertaining to core capability, competitive strategy and performance of construction small to medium size enterprises (SMEs) in China.Design/methodology/approachThe paper consists of a quantitative survey. It involves mainly the development of instrument and testing of the hypotheses.FindingsCore capability and competitive strategy are found to influence construction SMEs' performance. Moreover, there are positive relationships between core capability and competitive strategy. This suggests a need to align core capability and competitive strategy as a precondition for superior performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper has limitations as a result of data collection. A somewhat larger sample would obviously permit firmer conclusions to be drawn from the results of the statistical analysis.Originality/valueThis paper will contribute to the literature on SMEs, strategic management and resource‐based theory. This integration of scope is particularly new to the context of the Chinese construction industry. Similarly, this research will have implications for practice. The research findings help SMEs' managers to understand the impact of the unique resources of their enterprises and competitive strategy.

As an important participant in the international construction market, Chinese construction firms (CCFs) are confronted with the tasks of keeping themselves competitive. To help CCFs maintain and improve their competitiveness, this research builds a conceptual model to investigate the relationship between competitive strategy, market entry mode and performance within CCFs. Based on data collected from CCFs, this research has confirmed the importance of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and business scope diversification, to achieve their superior performance. Moreover, there are positive relationships among entry mode strategies with CCFs’ international performance.