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As a common human behavior, interaction is everywhere in human life. With the rise of big data and human–computer interaction in the 21st century, more and more researchers from different industries and disciplines pay great attention to the human interactive behavior research. From the perspective of computer science, scholars try to use computer technology to make research more meaningful. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first study to investigate the potential rules of human interactive behavior in the view of computer science, based on 16 top-tier journals of human interactive behavior from Microsoft Academic Graph dataset. We put forward a topic extraction and clustering model based on word2vec to infer key topics, which can be widely used in different fields of research. We find that the growth of human interactive behavior is in an uptrend on the whole. Besides, the cooperative relationship between authors and countries/regions is closer over time. We also make the mensurable evolution analysis of topics by a statistical method. Some topics are hot all the time, while some are unpopular as time goes by. Finally, we do rankings in the field of human behavior research from a new perspective. All these findings help researchers observe potential patterns and the topic evolution in half a century, which may shed dazzling light on the exploration of human interactive behavior.

Based on new census surveys recently performed by local government representatives, as well as two complementary and expanded expeditions conducted in 1997 and 2004, we present an updated database of the distribution of known native Metasequoia glyptostroboides trees in an area formed by western Hubei, eastern Chongqing, and northern Hunan in south-central China. The area is located between longitudes 108°20′E (Huangshui Town, Shizhu County, Chongqing) and 109°40′E (Tani Township, Longshan County, Hunan) and 30°10′N (Jiannan Town and Moudao Town, Lichun City, Hubei) and latitudes 29°10′N (Luota Township, Longshan County, Hunan). A total of 5396 native Metasequoia trees exist either as scattered (isolated) individual trees or in populations from two regions of this area. The majority of trees (5391 trees) grow in the first region, which includes eastern Chongqing and western Hubei. Only five trees exist in the second region at western Hunan. The database provides an updated census for the current ...

Rutting is one of the major distresses of highway pavements in China. Presently, rut depth is the only evaluation index for rutting in China and abroad. However, rut depth can't show the entire extent of rutting. In this research, a rut-meter is developed independently, which is used for inspecting rut of several expressway pavements. The results show that the shapes of rut were different, and the shape of rut affects traffic safety. Multi-indexes are adopted, such as rut depth, rut width, maximum possible water catching area, and average rut curvature radius, in order to describe the characteristics of rut and the relation between rut and traffic safety. The study lays a foundation for more rational new rut indexes.

An adaptive multiuser decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) companioned with a Kalman channel estimation algorithm is presented for DS-CDMA systems in multipath fading channels. The Kalman channel estimation algorithm is employed to estimate the multipath fading channels, then the estimates are used to adjust the tap coefficients of the multiuser DFE via a minimum mean-square error design criterion. In this study, we present a novel state-space equation, which is different from the joint multiuser detection/channel estimation method (Wang and Poor, Wireless Networks 4(6) (1998) 453–470), for the multipath fading channel estimation of multiuser DS-CDMA systems. We take not only the estimates of channels but also the statistics of the channel estimation errors into consideration of the multiuser DFE design. We also derive the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio and the bit-error-rate for the multiuser detection, in which the influence of multiuser interference, channel estimation errors and channel noise is included. Finally, two fading channel models, i.e., the land-mobile model and the Butterworth model, are simulated to demonstrate our results. The sensitivity of the proposed method to the uncertainties of fading channel parameters is also presented in the simulations.

Although previous studies showed that transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can be used to guide transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD), whether TTE can be used to guide transcatheter closure of secundum ASD with a deficient superior-anterior rim is unknown and this critical issue was addressed in the present study. A total of 280 patients with secundum ASD who underwent transcatheter ASD closure were recruited and divided into groups A and B depending on ASD superior-anterior rim>4 mm (n = 118) or ≤4 mm (n = 162). TTE was used to guide Amplatzer-type septal occluder (ASO) positioning and assess residual shunt. Procedure success was defined as no, trivial and small residual shunt immediately after the procedure as assessed by color Doppler flow imaging. Group A and group B did not differ in complication rate (8.55% vs.7.55%), procedure success rate (98.3% vs. 95.0%) or complete closure rate immediately after the procedure (89.7% vs. 89.3%) or at 6-month follow-up (98.3% vs. 96.8%). The mean procedure and fluoroscopy time in group B were much longer than those in group A. In conclusion, the absence of a sufficient superior-anterior rim in patients undergoing percutaneous closure of secundum-type ASDs using fluoroscopic and TTE guidance is associated with slightly greater device malposition and migration as well as increased procedural and fluoroscopic times, but the overall complication rate did not differ with TTE guidance when compared to historical controls that used TEE guidance.

Factoring plays a crucial role in solving the financing problems, which are common among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this paper, we develop decision models by considering non-recourse factoring and recourse factoring respectively in a supply chain which includes a bank and a seller. Then we find the optimal discount rate of factoring in two scenarios. Finally, we study the influence of the seller's equity fund and the probability of bad debts on the discount rate of factoring by numerical example and sensitivity analysis.

This study was carried out in five full-term newborn babies and 11 patients with anorectal anomalies (five of whom had high deformity, five had intermediate, and one had low), using the modified Bielschowsky method. The following four kinds of sensory nerve ending were found: muscle spindle in the puborectalis and the external anal sphincter, Pacinian corpuscle in the plane between the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter and in the presacral space, globular ending in the presacral space, and free nerve ending in the epithelium of the anal canal and in the perianal skin. It was found that there were significantly fewer muscle spindles in the puborectalis and many fewer Pacinian corpuscles and globular endings in the presacral space of high and intermediate deformities than normal. No spindle was found in the external sphincteric muscles of the deformities. On the other hand, the Pacinian corpuscles and the globular endings of high and intermediate deformities lagged behind normal in development. The densities of the nerve bundles in the subepidermis and the nerve fibers in the dermis of perineal region in high and intermediate deformities were much lower than normal, and the decrease in density corresponded to the levels of the rectal pouch. The observation showed that the agenesis of sensory nerve endings in the puborectalis and the anal region was one of the most significant pathological features in high and intermediate types of anorectal anomalies, and might be responsible for the abnormalities of the reflex of the anal sphincter and the anal sensation in such patients. The muscle spindles in the puborectalis may be only potential receptors for the reflex and sensation after surgery.