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A retrospective review.We investigated the longitudinal change of cervical alignment parameters including C2-7 lordosis, C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 slope, and segmental angle (SA) after two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).Cervical alignment may influence postoperative clinical outcomes. Several studies have suggested that cervical alignment may serve as a parameter for assessing cervical deformities similar to those used to assess thoracolumbar spine deformities. However, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effect of ACDF on cervical sagittal alignment.We enrolled patients whom had ACDF, 23 patients with stand-alone cages and 22 with plate augmentation. Radiologic parameters including C2-7 lordosis, C2-7 SVA, T1 slope, and SA at the operated level were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 week and 6 months postoperatively. The differences between preoperative and 6-month postoperative parameter values were designated as Δvalues. T1S-CL was calculated as the T1 slope minus C2-7 lordosis. Clinical outcome were obtained by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI).ΔC2-7 SVA was significantly correlated with ΔT1S-CL and ΔC2-7 lordosis. ΔC2-7 lordosis was significantly correlated with ΔSA. ΔC2-7 lordosis had a significantly greater impact on ΔT1S-CL than did ΔT1 slope. The ΔSA and ΔC2-7 lordosis in the ACDF-plate were significantly higher than those in the in ACDF-cage. ΔT1S-CL and ΔC2-7 SVA in the ACDF-plate were significantly lower than those in the ACDF-cage.C2-7 SVA after two-level ACDF was affected more significantly by the SA and C2-7 angle than by the T1 slope. Two-level ACDF with plate restored more cervical lordosis by obtaining more segmental lordosis at the operated level and was more effective in terms of cervical alignment compared with ACDF using stand-alone cages.3.

In this paper, we propose a local path planning method based on RANGER algorithm and autonomy manager for autonomous navigation of UGV in urban environment. LPP method is designed to generate the local path in sensing area by using lane and curb of pavement and autonomy manager is designed to make a decision which transit the status of LPP component to a proper status for current navigation environment. A field test is conducted with scenarios in real urban environment in which crossroad, crosswalk and pavement are included and the performance of proposed method is validated.

Modern embedded system employs a hybrid architecture which contains a general micro processor and reconfigurable devices such as FPGAS to retain flexibility and to meet timing constraints. It is a hard and important problem for embedded system designers to explore and find a right system configuration, which is known as design space exploration (DSE). With DES, it is possible to predict a final system configuration during the design phase before physical implementation. In this paper, we implement a timing analysis simulator for a DSE on a hybrid embedded system. The simulator, integrating exiting timing analysis tools for hardware and software, is designed by extending Y-chart approach, which allows quantitative performance analysis by varying design parameters. This timing analysis simulator is expected to reduce design time and costs and be used as a core module of a DSE for a hybrid embedded system.

Summary Background and purpose Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) is a cervical lymphadenitis that occurs rarely in children. This study was conducted to identify the clinical characteristics of lymphadenitis in children and compare the clinical characteristics observed in children and adults. Subject and methods The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the 20 patients 18 years of age or younger who were diagnosed with HNL based on histological tests conducted at Gyeongsang University Hospital from January 1998 to December 2006 were analyzed. Results HNL affected males and females at a 1:1 ratio, but HNL was more common in boys (8:3) among the children and HNL affected more girls among the adolescents (2:7). Cervical lymphadenopathy was the main symptom. The antinuclear antibody test was positive in three patients. Two relapse cases were reported, but both patients recuperated within several months without complications. Conclusions HNL affected males and females at an equal incidence (1:1). But HNL occurred more often in male children than in female children, and more often in female adolescents than in male adolescents. Relapse occurred in 10% of the cases. HNL could progress into systemic lupus erythematosus in the three cases that were ANA-positive. Thus, a long follow-up period is important.

One of many technical challenges facing the designers of reconfigurable systems is how to integrate hardware and software resources. The problem of allocating each application function to general purpose processors (GPPs) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs) considering the system resource restriction and application requirements becomes harder. We propose a solution employing Y-chart design space exploration approach to this problem and develop Y-Sim, a simulation tool employing the solution. Its procedure is as follows: First, generate the mapping set by matching each function in a given application with GPPs and FPGAs in the target reconfigurable system. Secondly, estimate throughput of each mapping case in the mapping set by simulation. With the simulation results, the most efficient configuration achieving the highest throughput among the mapping cases would be chosen. We also propose HARMS (Heuristic Algorithm for Reducing Mapping Sets), a heuristic algorithm minimizing the mapping set by eliminating unnecessary mapping cases according to their workload and parallelism to reduce the simulation time overhead. We show the experimental results of proposed solution using Y-Sim and efficiency of HARMS. The experiment results indicates that HARMS can minimize the mapping set by 87.5% and most likely pick out the mapping case with the highest throughput.

갑상선 암종 중 여포상 암종(follicular carcinoma)은 전 체에서 5~15%를 차지하며, 수술 후 조직병리학적 소견으 로 인접한 갑상선 실질 침범 유무에 따라 미세 침습 여포상 암 종(minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, MIFC)과 광 범위 침습 여포상 암종(widely invasive follicular carcinoma, WIFC)으로 나눌 수 있다. 미세 침습 여포상 암종 을 포함한 갑상선 여포상 암종은 대부분 성인에서 발견되고 소아에서 드물다고 보고되어 있다. 그러나 소아라도 갑상선 부위에 단독 종괴가 만져질 경우 갑상선 암종을 반드시 감별해야 한다. 하지만 소아의 갑상 선 암종은 매우 드물어 15세 이하 악성 종양의 1.5%를 차지 하며, 남아보다는 여아에서 2~3배 많이 발생하고 대부분 7 세 이후에 발생한다. 본 저자들은 2세 소아에서 최소 침습 갑상선 여포상 암종 1예를 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 증 례

Intractable aspiration may be the most severe life-threatening problem for handicapped children with altered laryngeal function secondary to neurologic disorders or abnormal laryngeal anatomy. If medical therapy fails to prevent intractable aspiration, surgical treatment of the upper airway from the digestive tract is necessary to prevent recurrent aspiration of the respiratory system. Here we describe a patient who underwent a laryngotracheal separation for intractable aspiration following a cerebral palsy. Laryngotracheal separation is relatively easy to perform and potentially reversible. It is known as a good choice of treatment for handicapped child with intractable aspiration. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2010;53:444-7 Key WordsZZPneumonia·Aspiration·Tracheostomy.