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Introduction: For the prevention of symptoms of deficiency and to maintain satisfactory level of the nutrient in the body, consumption of nutrients as par Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) is very important. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the level of micro and macro nutrients consumption among the study participants and their comparison with the current RDA recommendation. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and two patients and their attendants visiting the OPD of Diabetes, Obesity & Thyroid Center, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh for their routine follow ups were studied. Sociodemographic details including age, sex, height and weight were recorded. Dietary recall of two days was taken on a predesigned proforma. Details of the intake of various macronutrients and micronutrients were estimated by Dietcal software. Results: Mean age of study participants was 44.51±12.53 years with male preponderance (51.8%). Females were found to consume less macronutrients (p Conclusion: Present study population had lower amount of protein, higher amount of fats and carbohydrates intake; micronutrients intake was also very low as compared to RDA. Keywords: Recommended daily allowance, Nutritional deficiency, India, macronutrients, Micronutrients.

Background: Treatment interruption in chronic conditions, especially diabetes mellitus, can significantly affect glycemic control, affecting the onset of a diabetes-related complication. Objectives: To evaluate the factors associated with the treatment interruption and compare them with the days off from the treatment. Materials and Methods: 491 diabetes patients were included in the survey at Diabetes, Obesity & Thyroid center, Gwalior between September 2018 to December 2018. Responses were recorded using a detailed questionnaire comprising of 25 questions. Responses were recorded in “Yes” or “No” format. Responses were compared with the days off from the treatment talking five months as a cut-off. Results: Treatment interruption was more common within five months of starting the treatment. Reasons such as financial problem (p=0.722), no one to accompany them for a visit (p=0.640), non-availability of medicines (p=0.020), busy in family obligation (p=0.381), not aware of the consequences of missing the doses (p=0.139), and lack of awareness to take medication (p=0.450) were insignificant responses when compared between the cut off of five months of day's off. Most of the patients were shifted to alternate medicine within five months of starting the treatment (120/62; p

Summary Chemical catalysts are being replaced by biocatalysts in almost all industrial applications due to environmental concerns, thereby increasing their demand. Enzymes used in current industries are produced in microbial systems or plant seeds. We report here five newly launched leaf‐enzyme products and their validation with 15 commercial microbial‐enzyme products, for detergent or textile industries. Enzymes expressed in chloroplasts are functional at broad pH/temperature ranges as crude‐leaf extracts, while most purified commercial enzymes showed significant loss at alkaline pH or higher temperature, required for broad range commercial applications. In contrast to commercial liquid enzymes requiring cold storage/transportation, chloroplast enzymes as a leaf powder can be stored up to 16 months at ambient temperature without loss of enzyme activity. Chloroplast‐derived enzymes are stable in crude‐leaf extracts without addition of protease inhibitors. Leaf lipase/mannanase crude extracts removed chocolate or mustard oil stains effectively at both low and high temperatures. Moreover, leaf lipase or mannanase crude‐extracts removed stain more efficiently at 70 °C than commercial microbial enzymes (

Spine gourd (Momordica dioica) is an underutilized cucurbitaceous vegetable crop. Forty eight landraces of spine gourd from Odisha were analyzed for genetic diversity using RAPD and ISSR markers which showed an average variation of 86.20 % polymorphism in banding patterns of the total score of 144 RAPD and 46 ISSR amplicons. Cluster analysis of combined RAPD and ISSR markers revealed that landraces of spine gourd studied from Odisha belongs to three distinct groups i.e. cluster I, II and III. All the landraces showed narrow genetic diversity except cluster-III (OR-2 of Larasara, Sambalpur and OR-9 of Pratappur, Mayurbunj) and cluster II with 7 landraces (OR-4 of Chandanpur, OR-6 of Kakatpur, OR-13 of Chilka, OR-24 of Raghunathpur, OR-32 of Kanpur, OR-33 of Dharmagarh and OR-46 of Tangi) which could be used as a potential source of genetically diverse germplasm of spine gourd for improved crop breeding. The genetic diversity among the landraces might contribute to intraspecific crosses among landraces of this spine gourd collection having high potential for genetic improvement of this vegetable crop.

Background: In Indian Medicine System, Arhar honey is believed as one of the valuable medicinal foods. Honey is being used since ancient times owing to its functional properties and nutritive value. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the effect of honey supplementation on fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and lipid profile of the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and healthy subjects. Methods: The selection of subjects was done through oral glucose tolerance test (World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization, 1998). On the basis of blood glucose level, 28 subjects were selected by purposive random sampling and were divided into two groups. Group I included normal healthy subjects having FBG in the range of 70–100 mg/dl (n = 14), and Group II was comprised of subjects having FBG level between 100 and 125 mg/dl falling in the category of IGT (n = 14). 70 g honey was administered to subjects in both the groups on an empty stomach for 60 days and its effect on body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, FBG, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile was observed. Results: Honey administration lowered blood glucose levels and lipid levels in subjects with IGT and normal healthy subjects. Other benefits of honey administration include an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a reduction in BMI. Conclusion: Consumption of honey has shown a reduction in body weight, BMI, FBG, HbA1c, and improvement in lipid profile in IGT subjects.

Rasa Shastra is a branch of Indian iatrochemistry which deals with the processing of metals and minerals having therapeutic i mportance. Various pharmaceut ical procedures i.e. S h odhana (P urification) , M arana (I ncineration) , S atvapatana (E xtraction of metal from mineral) , A mritikarana (N ectorization) etc. converts deadly toxic substances in t o safe and potent therapeutic agent . Ayurvedic classics claimed that S atva B hasma of any mineral is ten times more potent therapeutically in comparison to its parent mineral B hasma . C onceivably due to complicated pharma ceutical procedure of S atva patana an d their conversion in to B hasma, practice of S atva B hasma in therapeu tics is very limited . Rasa Scholars have developed number of methods for S atva extraction and Satva M arana . It is necessary to find out the standard manufacturi ng procedure (SMP) for S atva extraction and Satva M arana which ensure s the quality, safety, effi cacy and reproducibility of the products for their global acceptability. This paper aims to make available SMP of M akshika Satvapatana and S atva B hasma. Shodhana was done by roasting raw Swarna M akshika with lemon juice for three days. Tankana wa s found ad vantageous as flu x in S atvapatana process of Makshika. Kajjali as a M arana media and four P uta with six kg cow dung cakes we re required to get genuine Makshika S atva B hasma .

Introductions for research purposes include germplasm, elite strains, improved varieties, genetic stocks in different crops from various parts of the world. NBPGR is authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture to undertake introduction and quarantine processing of germplasm including transgenics under exchange for both public and private sector organizations conforming to the national regulations. To meet the food demand quality seed is the basic unit for any agricultural production system. Production of high quality seed of improved varieties having high analytical quality, coupled with high germination capacity, vigour and uniformly large size, is required for improving faba bean production in this country. There is urgent need to strengthen the network on faba bean improvement programme in India. Keeping in view the geopolitical situation of India, utmost care has to be taken to make India in a respectable position in world market to evolve as global player for this fabulous crop. To fulfill these desires breeding varieties for yield, quality and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress is required. Maintaining the genetic purity of the seeds of improved cultivars is of utmost importance and will enable to exploit the full benefits of introducing seeds of improved varieties in faba bean.

Middle aged female presented with generalised lymphadenopathy and fever for last one month. Peripheral blood findings were within normal limits. There was no extra nodal involvement. FNAC performed initially from a cervical node suggested possibility of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a whole node biopsy was performed. Histopathogical examination revealed effaced nodal architecture and a polymorphous population of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and scattered large mononuclear cells with prominent nucleolus. An initial panel of CD3, CD20, LCA, CD15, CD30 and PAX5 was performed. The large atypical cells were positive for LCA, CD3 and CD30 with variable positivity for CD15. CD 30 showed Golgi and membranous staining. These large atypical cells were negative for PAX5 and CD20. In view of above findings, Hodgkin’s lymphoma was ruled out and a possibility of Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma was considered. Further IHC markers were performed which included CD2, CD5, CD7, EMA, Alk, CD10 and KI67. CD5 showed variable positivity. The cells of interest were negative for CD2, CD7, ALK and EMA. Ki 67 index was 70-80%. Overall histological and IHC findings favoured Alk negative Anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Differential diagnosis considered was peripheral T cell lymphoma (NOS). Hodgkin’s lymphoma, peripheral T cell lymphoma (NOS) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma share common histomorphological findings. With careful analysis of Immunohistochemistry, it is easier to categorise Hodgkin’s lymphoma. ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma and peripheral T cell lymphoma (NOS) are difficult to categorise and show overlapping features. We in this case have discussed clinical, histomorphological and IHC pattern of Alk negative Anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Honey is the sweet and viscous product, produced by the honeybee from the nectar of plants. Honey is composed mainly of carbohydrates, lesser amounts of water and a great number of minor components. Sugars are the main constituents of honey, most important sugars are the monosaccharides hexoses, fructose and glucose, which are products of the hydrolysis of the disaccharide sucrose. Honey is considered a valuable medicinal food in Indian system of medicine and is found to be useful in management of diabetes. Honey is a powerful antioxidant and used in the day to day life as natural sweetener. The study was conducted to determine the glycemic index (GI) of products made with different natural sweeteners. Normal healthy subjects (n=9) and impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) subjects (n=9) were included in the study. Blood glucose curves at 0, 30, 60, 90 & 120 minutes indicated significant difference in incremental area under the curve (IAUC) of glucose and nutribar made with different sweeteners in subjects with IGT as well as in normal healthy subjects. The mean IAUC of nutribar was significantly lower (p=

Cardiac malignancies presenting in infancy are rare. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare occurrence in this age group. No case of intrapericardial DSRCT has been reported in the literature in infants.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, and elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to correlate the lipid profile with age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 T2DM patients were studied at Diabetes, Obesity, and Thyroid Center, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, between May 2016 and May 2017. After detailed demographic details including age, sex, weight, height, and BMI, total cholesterol (TC), TG, LDL-C, very LDL-C (VLDL-C), and HDL-C were estimated for all the patients. Results: The mean age of diabetes patients was 54.80 ± 11.07 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 5.38 ± 4.90 years. Lipid profile of T2DM patients was similar across the different age and BMI groups (P > 0.05). Except HDL-C (P 0.05). TC, TG, LDL‑C, and VLDL-C were showed positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose, whereas HDL-C showed negative correlation (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C level between different age and BMI groups. We found a significantly lower HDL-C level among the male population.

Some new first-order all-pass filters using a second-generation current conveyor are reported. Two circuits have higher input impedance than reported very recently and use a grounded capacitor. Additionally two more circuits have been reported, one of which has minimum passive and active components and has the facility of single resistance tuning. The other circuit has high input impedance and uses two current conveyors but has one passive component less than the similar circuits reported earlier.

Acute kidney injury is a common manifestation of malignancies, either directly by the tumor or indirectly from anticancer therapy. The pathologic correlates of acute kidney injury in malignancies are many and can be diagnosed conclusively using kidney biopsy. We report a rare case of a patient with light chain proximal tubulopathy without crystals who presented with acute kidney injury. Kidney biopsy showed proximal tubulopathy without crystals with λ light chain restriction. Detailed investigations lead to a diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma with surface λ light chain restriction.

Heavy-chain deposition disease (HCDD) is the least common of the monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases with only 24 reported cases in English literature, including the present case. The rarity of this disease merits its documentation. We present a case of HCDD from our archival material, who presented with rapidly progressive renal failure and nephrotic syndrome and was found to have nodular glomerulosclerosis on renal biopsy which on immunofluorescence and electron microscopy confirmed HCDD of immunoglobulin G1 type without any light-chain deposition. We also present an in-depth literature review on HCDD.

Honey is the sweetening agent known to the early man, and naturally found its way into traditions, rituals, cus- toms and food of Indian households. It is the most complete natural food and ensures to get the daily dose of essential nutrients. Sugar (primarily sucrose) has been a part of the daily diet for literally hundreds of years, but research is now suggesting excessive consumption of simple sugars with high glycemic index (GI) values have been shown to cause overeating and weight gain. The study was undertaken to determine acceptability, glycemic response (GR) and GI of honey incorporated traditional sweet preparation ladoo. It was observed that there was a significant reduction (p

Background: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) can present as pancreatic mass mimicking malignancy. However, it has specific histomorphology and immunohistology which in clinical context can be diagnostic. Aim: To retrospectively analyze pancreatic resections done for pancreatic head masses to identify cases of autoimmune pancreatitis. Methods: Hematoxylin and eosin stained slides of pancreatic resections (n-142) done for pancreatic masses (2004-2012) were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry for IgG4 was done in cases suggestive of AIP. As controls, 30 pancreatic carcinomas (n-30) and plasma cells rich chronic pancreatitis (n25) were stained with IgG4. Clinical records were retrieved. Results: There were 5/142 cases (3.5%) of autoimmune pancreatitis among pancreatic resections done for presumed pancreatic tumors. There were 3 females and 2 males and age range was 35-65 (mean 51). Presenting symptoms were painless jaundice (n-4), with adult onset diabetes (n-1) and feature of gastric outlet obstruction (n-1). Histomorphology of all the five masses was of Type I autoimmune pancreatitis showing lobulocentric plasma cell rich inflammation and storiform fibrosis. IgG4 positive plasma cells (>10 per high power field) in all the cases diagnosed as autoimmune pancreatitis; though few IgG4 positive plasma cells were positive in controls. Venulitis and veno-oblitrative changes, neural hyperplasia, neuritis were present in all. Serum IgG4 levels done immediately after surgeries in three patients were elevated. Conclusion: Incidence of autoimmune pancreatitis in pancreatic resections done for pancreatic masses is 3.5%. All the five cases were of Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis with significant number of IgG4 positive plasma cells using >10 positive cells per high power field as cut off.