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Citation indices are tools used by the academic community for research and research evaluation which aggregate scientific literature output and measure scientific impact by collating citation counts. Citation indices help measure the interconnections between scientific papers but fall short because they only display paper titles, authors, and the date of publications, and fail to communicate contextual information about why a citation was made. The usage of citations in research evaluation without due consideration to context can be problematic, if only because a citation that disputes a paper is treated the same as a citation that supports it. To solve this problem, we have used machine learning and other techniques to develop a “smart citation index” called scite, which categorizes citations based on context. Scite shows how a citation was used by displaying the surrounding textual context from the citing paper, and a classification from our deep learning model that indicates whether the statement provides supporting or disputing evidence for a referenced work, or simply mentions it. Scite has been developed by analyzing over 23 million full-text scientific articles and currently has a database of more than 800 million classified citation statements. Here we describe how scite works and how it can be used to further research and research evaluation.

The current study investigated a model explaining sexual assault victims’ severity of trauma symptoms that incorporated multiple stigma constructs. Integrating the sexual assault literature with the stigma literature, this study sought to better understand trauma-related outcomes of sexual assault by examining three levels of stigma—cultural, social, and self. Results showed self-stigma was significantly and positively related to trauma symptom severity. Thus, results revealed that the internalized aspect of stigma served as a mechanism in the relation between sexual assault severity and increased levels of trauma symptom severity, highlighting the importance of assessing self-stigma in women reporting sexual assault experiences.

While data from social media are easily accessible, understanding how individuals expressed themselves on the Internet in its initial years of public availability (the mid-late 1990s) has proved difficult. In this data deposit, I describe how archival data from Geocities homepages were retrieved and processed to remove non-text data, then further refined to create separate datasets, each of which provides unique insights into modes of personal expression on the early Internet. The present paper describes four datasets, all of which were derived from a larger collection of personal websites: (1) a large corpus of raw text data from Geocities personal homepages, (2) a linguistic analysis of basic psychological properties of the same Geocities pages, using an open-source implementation of the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), (3) a dataset of links between homepages (suitable for network analysis), and (4) a manifest dataset summarizing the size and last update date for each file in the dataset. Data from over 378,000 Geocities pages are included. In addition to providing a detailed description of how these datasets were created, I describe how they might be utilized in future research.

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder associated with bone marrow failure (BMF), congenital anomalies and cancer susceptibility. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) offers a potential cure for BMF or leukaemia, but incurs substantial risks. Little is known about factors influencing SCT decision making.The study objective was to explore factors influencing patients' with FA and family members' decision making about SCT.Using a mixed-methods exploratory design, we surveyed US and Canadian patients with FA and family members who were offered SCT.Closed-ended survey items measured respondents' beliefs about the necessity, risks and concerns regarding SCT; multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between these factors and the decision to undergo SCT. Open-ended survey items measured respondents' perceptions of factors important to the SCT decision; qualitative analysis was used to identify emergent themes.The decision to undergo SCT was significantly associated with greater perceived necessity (OR = 2.81, P = 0.004) and lower concern about harms of SCT (OR = 0.31, P = 0.03). Qualitative analysis revealed a perceived lack of choice among respondents regarding the use of SCT, which was related to physician influence and respondent concerns about patients' quality of life.Overall, study results emphasize the importance of the delicate interplay between provider recommendation of a medical procedure and patient/parental perceptions and decision making. Findings can help providers understand the need to acknowledge family members' perceptions of SCT decision making and offer a comprehensive discussion of the necessity, risks, benefits and potential outcomes.

In recent years, policy debates in the United States have focused heavily on rising healthcare costs and what measures can be taken to ensure greater provision of healthcare to individuals of limited means. Much of the rhetoric on this subject has taken on an explicitly moral character, and one common sentiment is that healthcare is or should be viewed as a basic human right. However, the notion of a right to healthcare has not been well articulated, and critics have failed to distinguish between legal and moral rights. Additionally, there are numerous problems inherent to viewing healthcare as a basic human right-many of which are in direct conflict with distinctly American conceptualizations of rights. The present paper reviews the debate over “rights”-both legal and natural-to healthcare, and argues that problems associated with natural rights arguments render them severely compromised. Instead, market systems commonly accepted in American society may be better suited to reducing healthcare costs and increasing access to services in the United States.

Abstract 3207 Poster Board III-144 Introduction Fanconi anemia (FA) is a primarily autosomal recessive, genetically heterogeneous disorder of chromosomal instability associated with congenital anomalies, cancer susceptibility, and progressive bone marrow failure. Currently, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) is the only treatment that will restore normal hematopoeisis; transplant protocols and recommendations are modified routinely due to challenges with severe toxicities in pre-transplantation conditioning regimens as well as complications related to acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. SCT may also increase the risk of subsequent solid tumors, particularly head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and has a significant mortality rate among FA patients. Given these potential harms, the decision-making process about SCT in FA patients is complex. The purpose of this study was to survey FA patients and their families in the United States (USA) and Canada to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence their decisions about SCT. We explored how perceptions of the need and associated risks of SCT influence the choice to undergo SCT. Patients and Methods Individuals who were members of the FA family organizations in the USA and Canada were sent a self-report survey via a two-phase blinded mailing whereby non-responders from the first mailing were sent a second questionnaire. Parents and patients were queried separately. A single respondent was selected to represent each affected individual, according to the following selection hierarchy: mother as primary respondent, followed by father, adult patient, and spouse/significant other. Survey items about decision-making were adapted from The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (Horne, Weinman, & Hankins, 1999) which assesses respondents' beliefs about the necessity, associated risks, and concerns regarding a medical intervention, in this case SCT. Each of the three predictor variables (necessity, risk and concern) was measured by core items rated on a 4-point Likert scale. The necessity subscale was measured by core items which evaluated the respondents' perception of the medical need for SCT. The risk subscale measured respondents' perceived likelihood that the patient would suffer from: physical or emotional side-effects of SCT, liver disease, infection, graft-versus-host-disease, infertility, post-SCT cancer, post-SCT leukemia, graft rejection, death, or hazards to future offspring. The concern subscale consisted of respondents' evaluation of the degree to which they were concerned about: physical or emotional side-effects of SCT, short or long-term side-effects, death, uncertainty about the procedure, effect of SCT on the patient's ability to do daily activities, financial difficulties, finding an adequate donor, and conflicts with religious or ethical beliefs. Logistic regression was used to examine the direct effect of each of the three predictor variables on the outcome variable, selection or refusal of SCT. Results Respondents for 223 individuals with FA (44% of those surveyed) were included in this analysis. The median age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 4.8 years (0-41 years); the median age at the time of transplant was 9.1 years (1.7-41.2 years). The majority of respondents were mothers (85%); fathers represented 10% of the final sample. A majority of patients included in the present analysis had SCT (83%), and a smaller majority were living at the time the survey was completed (64%). The subscale items exhibited good internal consistency reliability (αa > 0.80). In bivariate analyses, only perceived necessity and risk showed significant relationships with the outcome variable, SCT (p < 0.01). However, in multivariate logistic regression analyses including all three predictor variables, only perceived necessity of SCT was significantly associated with the decision to undergo SCT. Conclusions This is the first study to explore factors related to the utilization of SCT in FA. Our results demonstrated that the majority of subjects opted for SCT and that perceived necessity and risk of SCT were significantly related to the decision, while concern related to the SCT procedure was not. The perceived necessity of SCT was the most important factor for decision-making. These results suggest areas of emphasis for future research and counseling of FA patients and their family members. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.