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Susceptibility to metabolism is a common issue with the tert-butyl group on compounds of medicinal interest. We demonstrate an approach of removing all the fully sp(3) C-Hs from a tert-butyl group: replacing some C-Hs with C-Fs and increasing the s-character of the remaining C-Hs. This approach gave a trifluoromethylcyclopropyl group, which increased metabolic stability. Trifluoromethylcyclopropyl-containing analogues had consistently higher metabolic stability in vitro and in vivo compared to their tert-butyl-containing counterparts.

Introduction: We present a case of Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) with unique sequence of progression into a rare presentation of peripheral neuropathy; previously there has been one similar case. However, instead of the two years lag after sinusitis development our case manifested with peripheral neuropathy in a quick fashion. Also we have observed a chronological sequence of progression from infectious process into Wegener’s granulomatosis. Case Report: We present a case of a 66­year­old Caucasian male previously healthy who presented initially with symptoms of sinusitis and pneumonia, which in a span of three months presented with peripheral neuropathy advancing to left foot drop. Conclusion: In Wegener’s granulomatosis, the symptoms of most prominence might not necessarily be the classical presentation of upper or lower respiratory involvement but could be neurological and does not always follow the course of chronic involvement before advancing to severe neurological consequence such as foot drop. In addition, the hypothesis that infections could have contributory role in development or is a factor in Wegener’s granulomatosis is observed here in the chronological sequence of events from pneumonia to manifestation of the disease and nonetheless the seroconversion of C­ANCA to positivity.

Working memory is thought to result from sustained neuron spiking. However, computational models suggest complex dynamics with discrete oscillatory bursts. We analyzed local field potential (LFP) and spiking from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of monkeys performing a working memory task. There were brief bursts of narrow-band gamma oscillations (45–100 Hz), varied in time and frequency, accompanying encoding and re-activation of sensory information. They appeared at a minority of recording sites associated with spiking reflecting the to-be-remembered items. Beta oscillations (20–35 Hz) also occurred in brief, variable bursts but reflected a default state interrupted by encoding and decoding. Only activity of neurons reflecting encoding/decoding correlated with changes in gamma burst rate. Thus, gamma bursts could gate access to, and prevent sensory interference with, working memory. This supports the hypothesis that working memory is manifested by discrete oscillatory dynamics and spiking, not sustained activity., National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) (Grant 5R01MH091174-05), National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) (Grant 5R37MH087027-07)