1. Clinical features, epidemiology, autoantibody status, HLA haplotypes and genetic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children in Qatar
- Author
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Khalid Hussain, Fawziya Al-Khalaf, Idris Mohammed, Ikhlak Ahmed, Maryam Al-Maadheed, Goran Petrovski, Sara Al-Khawaga, Shayma Mohammed, Ahmed Shamekh, Najeeb Syed, Hakeem Almabrazi, Zohreh Tatari-Calderone, Saras Saraswathi, Iman Hawari, Amira Saeed, Noor Hamed, Shihab Mundekkadan, Houda Afyouni, Mohammed Yousuf Karim, Amel Khalifa, Basma Haris, Ahmed Elawwa, Sanaa Sharari, Mahmoud Zyoud, and Tasneem Abdel-Karim
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Adolescent ,Science ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Article ,Histocompatibility Antigens ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Allele ,Risk factor ,Child ,Qatar ,Alleles ,Autoantibodies ,Type 1 diabetes ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Haplotype ,Autoantibody ,Infant, Newborn ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Haplotypes ,Child, Preschool ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Female ,business - Abstract
To describe the clinical features, epidemiology, autoantibody status, HLA haplotypes and genetic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients (0–18 years) with diabetes were recruited. Clinical data was collected, autoantibodies and c-peptide were measured. Whole Genome Sequencing was performed. Genomic data analysis was compared with the known genes linked with T1DM and HLA alleles were studied. 1096 patients had one or more antibody positivity. The incidence of T1DM in 2020 was 38.05 per 100,000 children and prevalence was 249.73. GADA was the most common autoantibody followed by IAA. Variants in GSTCD, SKAP2, SLC9B1, BANK1 were most prevalent. An association of HLA haplotypes DQA1*03:01:01G (OR = 2.46, p value = 0.011) and DQB1*03:02:01G (OR = 2.43, p value = 0.022) was identified. The incidence of T1DM in Qatar is the fourth highest in the world, IA2 autoantibody was the most specific with some patients only having ZnT8 or IA2 autoantibodies thus underlining the necessity of profiling all 4 autoantibodies. The genes associated with T1DM in the Arab population were different from those that are common in the Caucasian population. HLA-DQ was enriched in the Qatari patients suggesting that it can be considered a major risk factor at an early age.
- Published
- 2021