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1. COPD

Author

Michael Studnicka, Andreas Horner, Lea Sator, A. Sonia Buist, Bernd Lamprecht, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Pixin Ran, Dali Wang, Jingping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Ali Kocabaş, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Torkil Dawes, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jörundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gundmundsson, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Filip Mejza, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Tobias Welte, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra Schweda-Linow, Amund Gulsvik, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Wan C. Tan, Wen Wang, David M. Mannino, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, Jennifer Methvin, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Norberto A. Francisco, Gerard S. Garcia, Teresita S. de Guia, Luisito F. Idolor, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Camilo C. Roa, Ma. Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Peter G.J. Burney, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, E.F.M. Wouters, G.J. Wesseling, Cristina Bárbara, Fátima Rodrigues, Hermínia Dias, João Cardoso, João Almeida, Maria João Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, Christer Janson, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike Spetz-Nyström, Gunilla Hägg, Gun-Marie Lund, Rain Jõgi, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Parvaiz A. Koul, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A. Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Imed Harrabi, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Renato. B. Dantes, Sanjay Juvekar, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Daniel Obaseki, Gregory Erhabor, Olayemi Awopeju, and Olufemi Adewole

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, MEDLINE, Pulmonary disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2020

2. Overdiagnosis of COPD in Subjects With Unobstructed Spirometry

Author

Lea Sator, Andreas Horner, Michael Studnicka, Bernd Lamprecht, Bernhard Kaiser, Mary Ann McBurnie, A. Sonia Buist, Luisa Gnatiuc, David M. Mannino, Christer Janson, Eric D. Bateman, Peter Burney, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Pixin Ran, Dali Wang, Jingping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Ali Kocabaş, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Torkil Dawes, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jörundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gundmundsson, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Filip Mejza, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Tobias Welte, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra Schweda-Linow, Amund Gulsvik, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Wan C. Tan, Wen Wang, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, Jennifer Methvin, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Norberto A. Francisco, Gerard S. Garcia, Teresita S. de Guia, Luisito F. Idolor, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Camilo C. Roa, Ma. Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Peter G.J. Burney, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, E.F.M. Wouters, G.J. Wesseling, Cristina Bárbara, Fátima Rodrigues, Hermínia Dias, João Cardoso, João Almeida, Maria João Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike Spetz-Nyström, Gunilla Hägg, Gun-Marie Lund, Rain Jõgi, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Parvaiz A. Koul, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A. Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Imed Harrabi, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Sanjay Juvekar, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Daniel Obaseki, Gregory Erhabor, Olayemi Awopeju, and Olufemi Adewole

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic bronchitis, Population, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Wheeze, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Overdiagnosis, education, Asthma, education.field_of_study, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 030228 respiratory system, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background There are several reports on underdiagnosis of COPD, while little is known about COPD overdiagnosis and overtreatment. We describe the overdiagnosis and the prevalence of spirometrically defined false positive COPD, as well as their relationship with overtreatment across 23 population samples in 20 countries participating in the BOLD Study between 2003 and 2012. Methods A false positive diagnosis of COPD was considered when participants reported a doctor's diagnosis of COPD, but postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed (FEV1/FVC > LLN). Additional analyses were performed using the fixed ratio criterion (FEV1/FVC Results Among 16,177 participants, 919 (5.7%) reported a previous medical diagnosis of COPD. Postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed in 569 subjects (61.9%): false positive COPD. A similar rate of overdiagnosis was seen when using the fixed ratio criterion (55.3%). In a subgroup analysis excluding participants who reported a diagnosis of "chronic bronchitis" or "emphysema" (n = 220), 37.7% had no airflow limitation. The site-specific prevalence of false positive COPD varied greatly, from 1.9% in low- to middle-income countries to 4.9% in high-income countries. In multivariate analysis, overdiagnosis was more common among women, and was associated with higher education; former and current smoking; the presence of wheeze, cough, and phlegm; and concomitant medical diagnosis of asthma or heart disease. Among the subjects with false positive COPD, 45.7% reported current use of respiratory medication. Excluding patients with reported asthma, 34.4% of those with normal spirometry still used a respiratory medication. Conclusions False positive COPD is frequent. This might expose nonobstructed subjects to possible adverse effects of respiratory medication.

Published
2019

3. Prevalence and population-attributable risk for chronic airflow obstruction in a large multinational study

Author

Peter Burney, Jaymini Patel, Cosetta Minelli, Louisa Gnatiuc, André F. S. Amaral, Ali Kocabaş, Hamid Hacene Cherkaski, Amund Gulsvik, Rune Nielsen, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Kevin Mortimer, Talant M. Sooronbaev, Hervé Lawin, Chakib Nejjari, Mohammed Elbiaze, Karima El Rhazi, Jin-Ping Zheng, Pixin Ran, Tobias Welte, Daniel Obaseki, Gregory Erhabor, Asma Elsony, Nada Bakri Osman, Rana Ahmed, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Filip Mejza, David M. Mannino, Cristina Bárbara, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Luisito F. Idolor, Li-Cher Loh, Abdul Rashid, Sanjay Juvekar, Thorarinn Gislason, Mohamed Al Ghobain, Michael Studnicka, Imed Harrabi, Meriam Denguezli, Parvaiz A. Koul, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Rain Jõgi, Hasan Hafizi, Christer Janson, Wan C. Tan, Althea Aquart-Stewart, Bertrand Mbatchou, Asaad Ahmed Nafees, Kirthi Gunasekera, Terry Seemungal, Mahesh Padukudru Anand, Paul Enright, William M. Vollmer, Marta Blangiardo, Fadlalla G. Elfadaly, A. Sonia Buist, Anila Aliko, Donika Bardhi, Holta Tafa, Natasha Thanasi, Arian Mezini, Alma Teferici, Dafina Todri, Jolanda Nikolla, Rezarta Kazasi, Amira Bengrait, Tabarek Haddad, Ibtissem Zgaoula, Maamar Ghit, Abdelhamid Roubhia, Soumaya Boudra, Feryal Atoui, Randa Yakoubi, Rachid Benali, Abdelghani Bencheikh, Nadia Ait-Khaled, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Torkil Dawes, Bernd Lamprecht, Lea Schirhofer, Akramul Islam, Syed Masud Ahmed, Shayla Islam, Qazi Shafayetul Islam, Tridib Roy Chowdhury, Sukantha Kumar Chatterjee, Dulal Mia, Shyamal Chandra Das, Mizanur Rahman, Nazrul Islam, Shahaz Uddin, Nurul Islam, Luiza Khatun, Monira Parvin, Abdul Awal Khan, Maidul Islam, Herve Lawin, Arsene Kpangon, Karl Kpossou, Gildas Agodokpessi, Paul Ayelo, Benjamin Fayomi, Atongno Humphrey Ashu, Wen Wang, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Dali Wang, Jin-ping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra Schweda-Linow, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jörundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gudmundsson, Mahesh Rao, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A. Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Akosua Francia Aikman, Bermet M. Estebesova, Meerim Akmatalieva, Saadat Usenbaeva, Jypara Kydyrova, Eliza Bostonova, Ulan Sheraliev, Nuridin Marajapov, Nurgul Toktogulova, Berik Emilov, Toktogul Azilova, Gulnara Beishekeeva, Nasyikat Dononbaeva, Aijamal Tabyshova, Wezzie Nyapigoti, Ernest Mwangoka, Mayamiko Kambwili, Martha Chipeta, Gloria Banda, Suzgo Mkandawire, Justice Banda, Siti Sholehah, Mohamed C. Benjelloun, Mohamed Elbiaze, E. F. M. Wouters, G. J. Wesseling, Olayemi Awopeju, Olufemi Adewole, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Asaad A. Nafees, Teresita S. de Guia, Norberto A. Francisco, Camilo C. Roa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Renato. B. Dantes, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Gerard S. Garcia, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Ma. Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Fátima Rodrigues, Hermínia Dias, João Cardoso, João Almeida, Maria João Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, M. Al Ghobain, H. Alorainy, E. El-Hamad, M. Al Hajjaj, A. Hashi, R. Dela, R. Fanuncio, E. Doloriel, I. Marciano, L. Safia, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Rajitha Wickremasinghe, Hana A. Elsadig, Nada Bakery Osman, Bandar Salah Noory, Monjda Awad Mohamed, Hasab Alrasoul Akasha Ahmed Osman, Namarig Moham ed Elhassan, Abdel Mu‘is El Zain, Marwa Mohamed Mohamaden, Suhaiba Khalifa, Mahmoud Elhadi, Mohand Hassan, Dalia Abdelmonam, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike Spetz-Nyström, Gunilla Hägg, Gun-Marie Lund, Terence Seemungal, Fallon Lutchmansingh, Liane Conyette, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Peter G. J. Burney, Hadia Azar, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, Risha Dudhaiya, Mary Ann McBurnie, Suzanne Gillespie, Sean Sullivan, Todd A. Lee, Kevin B. Weiss, Robert L. Jensen, Robert Crapo, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, Jennifer Methvin, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Pulmonologie, MUMC+: MA Longziekten (3), and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, wa_754, Vital capacity, Passive smoking, multinational study, Respiratory System, AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, LOWER LIMIT, population-attributable risk, Environmental health, medicine, Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, PULMONARY-DISEASE, COPD, Population attributable risk, Risk factor, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, History of tuberculosis, business.industry, MORTALITY, ASSOCIATION, GLOBAL BURDEN, medicine.disease, Obstructive lung disease, REFERENCE VALUES, wf_20, chronic airflow obstruction, NEVER-SMOKERS, Relative risk, Attributable risk, OCCUPATION, wf_200, business, wf_600, wb_200
Abstract

Rationale: The Global Burden of Disease program identified smoking and ambient and household air pollution as the main drivers of death and disability from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To estimate the attributable risk of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), a quantifiable characteristic of COPD, due to several risk factors. Methods: The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study is a cross-sectional study of adults, aged ≥40, in a globally distributed sample of 41 urban and rural sites. Based on data from 28,459 participants, we estimated the prevalence of CAO, defined as a postbronchodilator FEV1-to-FVC ratio less than the lower limit of normal, and the relative risks associated with different risk factors. Local relative risks were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model borrowing information from across sites. From these relative risks and the prevalence of risk factors, we estimated local population attributable risks. Measurements and Main Results: The mean prevalence of CAO was 11.2% in men and 8.6% in women. The mean population attributable risk for smoking was 5.1% in men and 2.2% in women. The next most influential risk factors were poor education levels, working in a dusty job for ≥10 years, low body mass index, and a history of tuberculosis. The risk of CAO attributable to the different risk factors varied across sites. Conclusions: Although smoking remains the most important risk factor for CAO, in some areas, poor education, low body mass index, and passive smoking are of greater importance. Dusty occupations and tuberculosis are important risk factors at some sites.

Published
2021

4. Design and Implementation of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring Algorithm on DSP for Small UAV Applications

Author

Muhammad Ali Akhtar, Hassan Sajjad Malik, Hira Imtiaz, and Muhammad Haroon Yousaf

Subjects
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring, business.industry, Computer science, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, Navigation system, Fault detection and isolation, GNSS applications, Snapshot (computer storage), Position error, business, 050703 geography, Algorithm, Digital signal processing, Constellation
Abstract

We present the theoretical development of a simple Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) algorithm by modifying a Conventional Snapshot RAIM algorithm and its implementation on DSP platform. Integrity describes a navigation system capability to be responsible for well-timed warnings to users as soon as the satellite or whole constellation should not be used for navigation. RAIM algorithms detect, identify those satellite anomalies and failures and calculates the Protection Level (PL). PL is the 1east measurable position error along with the certain possibilities of missed detection and a false alert. The developed algorithm uses conventional snapshot based RAIM algorithm with some changes in the threshold measurements for the protection level calculations, which is then compared with a tested predefined threshold to provide precise positioning and a high level of integrity due to setting a very tight fault detection threshold and Protection Level. Final1y, the developed algorithm is implemented on DSP TMS320C641XX keeping the computational/processing requirements for RAIM Algorithm as low as possible and simulations are performed to compare the results.

Published
2019

5. Airflow Obstruction and Use of Solid Fuels for Cooking or Heating BOLD (Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease) Results

Author

André F. S. Amaral, Jaymini Patel, Bernet S. Kato, Daniel O. Obaseki, Hervé Lawin, Wan C. Tan, Sanjay K. Juvekar, Imed Harrabi, Michael Studnicka, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Li-Cher Loh, Eric D. Bateman, Kevin Mortimer, A. Sonia Buist, Peter G. J. Burney, NanShan Zhong, Shengming Liu, Jiachun Lu, Pixin Ran, Dali Wang, Jingping Zheng, Yumin Zhou, Ali Kocabaş, Attila Hancioglu, Ismail Hanta, Sedat Kuleci, Ahmet Sinan Turkyilmaz, Sema Umut, Turgay Unalan, Torkil Dawes, Bernd Lamprecht, Lea Schirhofer, Eric Bateman, Anamika Jithoo, Desiree Adams, Edward Barnes, Jasper Freeman, Anton Hayes, Sipho Hlengwa, Christine Johannisen, Mariana Koopman, Innocentia Louw, Ina Ludick, Alta Olckers, Johanna Ryck, Janita Storbeck, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benedikdtsdottir, Kristin Jörundsdottir, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun Gudmundsdottir, Gunnar Gundmundsson, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Jakub Frey, Rafal Harat, Filip Mejza, Pawel Nastalek, Andrzej Pajak, Wojciech Skucha, Andrzej Szczeklik, Magda Twardowska, Tobias Welte, Isabelle Bodemann, Henning Geldmacher, Alexandra Schweda-Linow, Amund Gulsvik, Tina Endresen, Lene Svendsen, Wen Wang, David M. Mannino, John Cain, Rebecca Copeland, Dana Hazen, Jennifer Methvin, Renato B. Dantes, Lourdes Amarillo, Lakan U. Berratio, Lenora C. Fernandez, Norberto A. Francisco, Gerard S. Garcia, Teresita S. de Guia, Luisito F. Idolor, Sullian S. Naval, Thessa Reyes, Camilo C. Roa, Ma. Flordeliza Sanchez, Leander P. Simpao, Christine Jenkins, Guy Marks, Tessa Bird, Paola Espinel, Kate Hardaker, Brett Toelle, Peter GJ Burney, Caron Amor, James Potts, Michael Tumilty, Fiona McLean, E. F. M. Wouters, G. J. Wesseling, Cristina Bárbara, Fátima Rodrigues, Hermínia Dias, João Cardoso, João Almeida, Maria João Matos, Paula Simão, Moutinho Santos, Reis Ferreira, Christer Janson, Inga Sif Olafsdottir, Katarina Nisser, Ulrike Spetz-Nyström, Gunilla Hägg, Gun-Marie Lund, Rain Jõgi, Hendrik Laja, Katrin Ulst, Vappu Zobel, Toomas-Julius Lill, Parvaiz A Koul, Sajjad Malik, Nissar A Hakim, Umar Hafiz Khan, Rohini Chowgule, Vasant Shetye, Jonelle Raphael, Rosel Almeda, Mahesh Tawde, Rafiq Tadvi, Sunil Katkar, Milind Kadam, Rupesh Dhanawade, Umesh Ghurup, Myriam Denguezli, Zouhair Tabka, Hager Daldoul, Zaki Boukheroufa, Firas Chouikha, Wahbi Belhaj Khalifa, Fernando G. Ayuyao, Cecil Z. Tady, Daniel T. Tan, Sylvia Banal-Yang, Vincent M. Balanag, Maria Teresita N. Reyes, Renato. B. Dantes, Sanjay Juvekar, Siddhi Hirve, Somnath Sambhudas, Bharat Chaidhary, Meera Tambe, Savita Pingale, Arati Umap, Archana Umap, Nitin Shelar, Sampada Devchakke, Sharda Chaudhary, Suvarna Bondre, Savita Walke, Ashleshsa Gawhane, Anil Sapkal, Rupali Argade, Vijay Gaikwad, Sundeep Salvi, Bill Brashier, Jyoti Londhe, Sapna Madas, Mohamed C Benjelloun, Chakib Nejjari, Mohamed Elbiaze, Karima El Rhazi, Daniel Obaseki, Gregory Erhabor, Olayemi Awopeju, Olufemi Adewole, M. Al Ghobain, H. Alorainy, E. El-Hamad, M. Al Hajjaj, H. Ayan, D. Rowena, F. Rofel, E. Elizabeth, I. Imelda, H. Safia, null Lyla, Talant M. Sooronbaev, Bermet M. Estebesova, Meerim Akmatalieva, Saadat Usenbaeva, Jypara Kydyrova, Eliza Bostonova, Ulan Sheraliev, Nuridin Marajapov, Nurgul Toktogulova, Berik Emilov, Toktogul Azilova, Gulnara Beishekeeva, Nasyikat Dononbaeva, null AijamalTabyshova, Wezzie Nyapigoti, Ernest Mwangoka, Mayamiko Kambwili, Martha Chipeta, Gloria Banda, Suzgo Mkandawire, Justice Banda, Asma Elsony, Hana A. Elsadig, Nada Bakery Osman, Bandar Salah Noory, Monjda Awad Mohamed, Hasab Alrasoul Akasha Ahmed Osman, Namarig Moham ed Elhassan, Abdel Mu‘is El Zain, Marwa Mohamed Mohamaden, Suhaiba Khalifa, Mahmoud Elhadi, Mohand Hassan, Dalia Abdelmonam, Hasan Hafizi, Anila Aliko, Donika Bardhi, Holta Tafa, Natasha Thanasi, Arian Mezini, Alma Teferici, Dafina Todri, Jolanda Nikolla, Rezarta Kazasi, Hamid Hacene Cherkaski, Amira Bengrait, Tabarek Haddad, Ibtissem Zgaoula, Maamar Ghit, Abdelhamid Roubhia, Soumaya Boudra, Feryal Atoui, Randa Yakoubi, Rachid Benali, Abdelghani Bencheikh, Nadia Ait-Khaled, Akramul Islam, Syed Masud Ahmed, Shayla Islam, Qazi Shafayetul Islam, null Mesbah-Ul-Haque, Tridib Roy Chowdhury, Sukantha Kumar Chatterjee, Dulal Mia, Shyamal Chandra Das, Mizanur Rahman, Nazrul Islam, Shahaz Uddin, Nurul Islam, Luiza Khatun, Monira Parvin, Abdul Awal Khan, Maidul Islam, Abdul Rashid, Siti Sholehah, Herve Lawin, Arsene Kpangon, Karl Kpossou, Gildas Agodokpessi, Paul Ayelo, Benjamin Fayomi, Pulmonologie, MUMC+: MA Longziekten (3), and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic bronchitis, solid fuels (biomass), Pulmonary disease, Biomass smoke, urologic and male genital diseases, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Airflow obstruction, airflow obstruction, Lower limit, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LOWER LIMIT, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, BIOMASS SMOKE, POLLUTION, low-income countries, Internal medicine, YOUNG-ADULTS, PULMONARY-DISEASE, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, CHIMNEY STOVE INTERVENTION, COPD, business.industry, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Solid fuel, REFERENCE VALUES, respiratory tract diseases, CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS, 030228 respiratory system, NEVER-SMOKERS, Reference values, Cardiology, RISK-FACTORS, business
Abstract

Rationale: Evidence supporting the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels is conflicting and inconsistent. Objectives: To assess the association of airflow obstruction with self-reported use of solid fuels for cooking or heating. Methods: We analyzed 18,554 adults from the BOLD (Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease) study, who had provided acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry measurements, and information on use of solid fuels. The association of airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels for cooking or heating was assessed by sex, within each site, using regression analysis. Estimates were stratified by national income and meta-analyzed. We performed similar analyses for spirometric restriction, chronic cough, and chronic phlegm. Measurements and Main Results: We found no association between airflow obstruction and use of solid fuels for cooking or heating (odds ratio [OR] for men, 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94–1.53]; OR for women, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.67–1.15]). This was true for low-/middle- and high-income sites. Among never-smokers, there was also no evidence of an association of airflow obstruction with use of solid fuels (OR for men, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.57–1.76]; OR for women, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.76–1.32]). Overall, we found no association of spirometric restriction, chronic cough, or chronic phlegm with the use of solid fuels. However, we found that chronic phlegm was more likely to be reported among female never-smokers and those who had been exposed for 20 years or longer. Conclusions: Airflow obstruction assessed from post-bronchodilator spirometry was not associated with use of solid fuels for cooking or heating.

Published
2018

6. Pilomatrix Carcinoma of the Thoracic Spine: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Author

Sajjad Malik, Sanjay Yadia, John K. Ratliff, Lawrence C. Kenyon, Eric Gressen, Moshe Chasky, and Ciro Randazzo

Subjects
Male, 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, Pathologic fracture, medicine.medical_treatment, Context (language use), Bone Neoplasms, Case Reports, Thoracic Vertebrae, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Carcinoma, Adjuvant therapy, Humans, Clinical significance, business.industry, medicine.disease, Pilomatrixoma, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Spine, Surgery, Radiation therapy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Thoracic vertebrae, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, 0305 other medical science, business, Hair Diseases, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Context Pilomatrixoma is a common head and neck neoplasm in children. Its malignant counterpart, pilomatrix carcinoma, is rare and found more often in men. Method Case report of a 21-year-old man with pilomatrixoma of the thoracic spine that underwent malignant degeneration to pilomatrix carcinoma. Findings The appearance of a painless mobile axillary mass was followed by severe back pain 1 year later. Imaging revealed a compression fracture at the T5 level. The patient underwent resection of the axillary mass and spinal reconstruction of the fracture; the pathology was consistent with synchronous benign pilomatrixomas. Three months later he presented with a recurrence of the spinal lesion and underwent further surgical resection; the pathology was consistent with pilomatrix carcinoma. He received adjuvant radiotherapy and at his 1-year follow-up examination had no sign of recurrence. Conclusion/clinical relevance Pilomatrix carcinoma involving the spine is a rare occurrence. It has a high incidence of local recurrence, and wide excision may be necessary to reduce this risk. Radiotherapy may be a helpful adjuvant therapy. Clinicians should be aware of this entity because of its potential for distant metastasis.

Published
2010

7. High altitude pulmonary edema among 'Amarnath Yatris'

Author

Sanaullah Shah, Sajjad R Bazaz, Parvaiz A Koul, Umar Hafiz Khan, Wasim Rashid, Sajjad Malik, Tajamul Hussain, Ajaz Nabi Koul, and Rafi A Jan

Subjects
lcsh:RC705-779, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Nausea, business.industry, Encephalopathy, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, medicine.disease, Altitude illness, Tachypnea, Surgery, Hypoxemia, Cerebral edema, cerebral edema, Altitude, mountain sickness, pilgrimage, High-altitude pulmonary edema, medicine, Original Article, pulmonary edema, medicine.symptom, business, Altitude sickness
Abstract

Background: Annual pilgrimage (Yatra) to the cave shrine of Shri Amarnath Ji′ is a holy ritual among the Hindu devotees of Lord Shiva. Located in the Himalayan Mountain Range (altitude 13,000 ft) in south Kashmir, the shrine is visited by thousands of devotees and altitude sickness is reportedly common. Materials and Methods: More than 600,000 pilgrims visited the cave shrine in 2011 and 2012 with 239 recorded deaths. Thirty one patients with suspected altitude sickness were referred from medical centers en-route the cave to Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary-care center in capital Srinagar (5,000 ft). The clinical features and the response to treatment were recorded. Results: Thirty-one patients (all lowlanders, 19 male; age 18-60 years, median 41) had presented with acute onset breathlessness of 1-4 days (median 1.9 d) starting within 12-24 h of a rapid ascent; accompanied by cough (68%), headache (8%), dizziness and nausea (65%). Sixteen patients had associated encephalopathy. Clinical features on admission included tachypnea ( n = 31), tachycardia ( n = 23), bilateral chest rales ( n = 29), cyanosis ( n = 22) and grade 2-4 encephalopathy. Hypoxemia was demonstrable in 24 cases and bilateral infiltrates on radiologic imaging in 29. Ten patients had evidence of high-altitude cerebral edema. All patients were managed with oxygen, steroids, nifedipine, sildenafil and other supportive measures including invasive ventilation ( n = 3). Three patients died due to multiorgan dysfunction. Conclusions: Altitude sickness is common among Amaranath Yatris from the plains and appropriate educational strategies should be invoked for prevention and prompt treatment.

Published
2013

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