Search

BACKGROUND Global developmental delay/intellectual disability are on a rise in children in the present time. Ocular and visual anomalies are frequently associated with it of which refractive errors are the most frequent. This if goes unnoticed leads to strabismus and amblyopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study aims to assess the prevalence of refractive error, strabismus and amblyopia among children with normal development or global developmental delay/intellectual disability attending ophthalmology OPD at KLES Hospital, Belagavi. Case records of all 200 new patients less than or equal to 12 years of age group who attended KLES, Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital between January 2015 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The male:female ratio was 1.22:1. Out of the total evaluated 200 cases, 130 cases were with normal development and 70 with GDD/ID. Refractive errors were 85%, whereas the cases of amblyopia was 45.50% and strabismus 39.50%. Amblyopia with refractive error having GDD/ID was stastically significant as compared to amblyopia with refractive error having normal development (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Refractive error was the most common ocular disorder seen. Refractive error with amblyopia is more in children with GDD/ID as compared to normal children. Owing to the high percentage of visual anomalies, ophthalmological referral becomes essential in children with developmental anomalies.

AIM: To study the effect intracameral low molecular weight on postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery in diabetic patients. SETTING: Department of Ophtha lmology J. N. Medical College. Belgaum. DESIGN: Randomized control trial . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients with diabetes undergoing small incision cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were randomly assigned to two groups, group A and group B. All patients in g roup A received low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) in the concentration of 40 IU in 500ml in the irrigating solution and patients in group B received irrigating solution without low molecular weight heparin. In all patients polymethyl methacrylate ( PMMA) IOLs were implanted. The patients were examined postoperatively on day 1, day 7, day 30 and day 60 for anterior chamber cells and flare and iris pigments on cell by slit lamp biomicroscopy. RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction in postoperat ive cells, flare and intraocular lens surface pigments was noted in group with addition of low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) at day 1(p0.001) and 1 week (p

This thesis paper explains the development of a single-switch resonant power converter and the comparison of different control strategies for photovoltaic (PV) generation applications. The circuit arrangement integrates a single-switch resonant dc-dc converter with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and an output diode operating with zero-current-switching (ZCS). Here the energy conversion is achieved through a single switch, which can reduce the cost of the switches and its control circuits. The single power switch can be controlled by either open loop pulse-width-modulation (PWM) techniques or Maximum power point Tracking (MPPT) techniques. The Input to the single-switch resonant power converter was supplied by a photovoltaic (PV) generation system. Due to low switching losses, the developed resonant boost converter offers very high efficiency than other conventional converters. The performance of the single switch resonant converter was analyzed, and the characteristic waveforms were plotted. With designed circuit parameters, the active switch can be operated with zero-voltage switching and an energy conversion efficiency of 97.8% can be achieved using closed loop control strategies. The comparisons of different closed loop control strategies were studied and the simulation results are presented with different atmospheric conditions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular manifestations and visual field changes in patients with Sellar and Suprasellar Tumours. METHODS: Fifty patients with Sellar and Suprasellar tumours underwent a complete ophthalmic assessment and visual field analysis using the Humphrey Field Analyzer 30 - 2 program. Visual acuity, duration of symptoms, optic nerve head changes, pattern of visual field defects was noted. RESULTS: 50 patients including 15 male and 35 female subjects with mean age of 35.1±9.9 years and CT/MRI proven Suprasellar tumours 70% pituitary adenoma and 30% craniopharyngiomas were included. 70% cases presented with headache 80% with diminution of vision only 10% with hypothyroidism 50% with abnormal pupillary reaction including RAPD and anisocoria. Mean visual acuity at presentation was 0.46 log MAR . Of 100 eyes, 45 patients (90%) had visual field defects including temporal defects in 35 patients (70%), non - specific defects in 4 patients (20%) and 1patient (10%) without any defect. Optic nerve head changes note d and 5 patients (25%) presented with partial optic atrophy and 10 presented with established papilloedema. Visual field outcomes are correlated with duration of symptoms, optic nerve head changes at presentation and CT/ MRI findings. CONCLUSION: Visual fi eld defects were present in two thirds of patients at presentation. An overall deterioration in vision and visual fields was noted before surgical resection. A correlation was found between the duration of symptoms, MRI/ CT scan reports and visual field, s ignifying the importance in early diagnosis of neurological lesions on the basis of ophthalmic examination .