128 results on '"S Ramani"'
Search Results
2. MTurk Research: Review and Recommendations
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Herman Aguinis, Isabel Villamor, and Ravi S. Ramani
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Research design ,Amazon rainforest ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,Public relations ,050105 experimental psychology ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,Management research ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,business ,050203 business & management ,Finance ,Research review - Abstract
The use of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in management research has increased over 2,117% in recent years, from 6 papers in 2012 to 133 in 2019. Among scholars, though, there is a mixture of excitement about the practical and logistical benefits of using MTurk and skepticism about the validity of the data. Given that the practice is rapidly increasing but scholarly opinions diverge, the Journal of Management commissioned this review and consideration of best practices. We hope the recommendations provided here will serve as a catalyst for more robust, reproducible, and trustworthy MTurk-based research in management and related fields.
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- 2020
3. Decoding Genes: Current Update on Radiogenomics of Select Abdominal Malignancies
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Nisha S. Ramani, Haneen Marji, Sireesha Yedururi, Christine O. Menias, Anil K. Dasyam, Srinivasa R. Prasad, Lokesh Khanna, and Venkata S. Katabathina
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business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Radiogenomics ,Genomics ,Computational biology ,Gene mutation ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phenotype ,0302 clinical medicine ,Text mining ,Abdominal Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Mutation ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Medicine ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business ,Gene ,Genes, Neoplasm - Abstract
Technologic advances in chromosomal analysis and DNA sequencing have enabled genome-wide analysis of cancer cells, yielding considerable data on the genetic basis of malignancies. Evolving knowledge of tumor genetics and oncologic pathways has led to a better understanding of histopathologic features, tumor classification, tumor biologic characteristics, and imaging findings and discovery of targeted therapeutic agents. Radiogenomics is a rapidly evolving field of imaging research aimed at correlating imaging features with gene mutations and gene expression patterns, and it may provide surrogate imaging biomarkers that may supplant genetic tests and be used to predict treatment response and prognosis and guide personalized treatment options. Multidetector CT, multiparametric MRI, and PET with use of multiple radiotracers are some of the imaging techniques commonly used to assess radiogenomic associations. Select abdominal malignancies demonstrate characteristic imaging features that correspond to gene mutations. Recent advances have enabled us to understand the genetics of steatotic and nonsteatotic hepatocellular adenomas, a plethora of morphologic-molecular subtypes of hepatic malignancies, a variety of clear cell and non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas, a myriad of hereditary and sporadic exocrine and neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas, and the development of targeted therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on characteristic
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- 2020
4. TERT amplification but not activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in acral lentiginous melanoma progression to metastasis
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Steven Sfamenos, Phyu P. Aung, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Priyardhisini Nagarajan, Wen-Jen Hwu, Victor G. Prieto, Doina Ivan, Nisha S. Ramani, Chiara Sdringola-Maranga, Jonathan L. Curry, Carlos A. Torres-Cabala, Jun Gu, and Adi Diab
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0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Melanoma ,fungi ,Wnt signaling pathway ,medicine.disease ,Acral lentiginous melanoma ,Primary tumor ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Metastasis ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tumor progression ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Catenin ,medicine ,Acral nevus ,business - Abstract
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare tumor that occurs on non-sun exposed skin areas of the hands and feet. Reports suggest that ALM exhibits poor prognosis, although mechanisms driving this remain poorly understood. Alterations in TERT and the Wnt/β-catenin (Wnt) pathway have been suggested to correlate with prognosis of ALM. Thus, immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin and LEF1 along with TERT amplification by FISH was investigated in 34 primary ALMs, 20 metastatic ALMs, 10 primary non-ALMs, and 15 acral nevi. Foot/toe was the most common primary tumor location (85%) for ALM. TERT amplification was detected in 6 of 28 (21.4%) primary ALM, 2 of 8 (25%) primary non-ALM, and 8 of 18 (44.4%) metastatic ALM, the latter showing significantly higher frequency compared with primary melanomas (P = 0.043). Most metastatic ALMs positive for TERT amplification lacked BRAF V600E (87.5%). Cytoplasmic and nonnuclear expression of β-catenin was variably detected in all cases. Metastatic ALM revealed lower expression of β-catenin compared with primary ALM (P = 0.017). No differences in LEF1 expression were detected among the groups; however, acral nevi showed decreased labeling with dermal descent, in contrast to melanoma. No molecular-genetic alteration correlated with prognosis. TERT amplification by FISH is a frequent finding in primary ALM and appears to increase in metastatic tumors, suggesting a role in tumor progression to metastasis. Although TERT amplification has been reported to be infrequent in primary non-ALM, it showed comparable frequency with ALM in our series. Our immunohistochemical findings are not fully supportive of activation of either canonical or noncanonical Wnt cascades in ALM. TERT amplification by FISH and LEF1 immunohistochemistry may help in the differential diagnosis between primary ALM and acral nevus. TERT amplification appears to be a promising target for therapy in patients with metastatic ALM.
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- 2020
5. Patient-reported outcomes for ambulatory surgery
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Reshma C Patel, Samantha R Warnakulasuriya, S Ramani Moonesinghe, and Georgina Singleton
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,MEDLINE ,Perioperative Care ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient satisfaction ,Ambulatory care ,030202 anesthesiology ,Ambulatory Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Patient Reported Outcome Measures ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Perioperative medicine ,business.industry ,Perioperative ,Ambulatory Surgical Procedure ,Surgery ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ,Patient Satisfaction ,Ambulatory ,business - Abstract
Purpose of review To discuss the importance of validated tools that measure patient-reported outcomes and their use in ambulatory surgery. Recent findings Sustained increases in ambulatory surgical care reflect advances in surgical techniques and perioperative anaesthetic care. Use of patient-reported outcomes allows identification of minor adverse events that are more common in this population compared with traditional endpoints such as mortality. Variability in reported outcomes restricts research potential and limits the ability to benchmark providers. The standardized endpoints in perioperative medicine initiative's recommendations on patient-reported outcomes and patient comfort measures are relevant to evaluating ambulatory care. Combining validated generic and disease-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) examines the widest spectrum of outcomes. Technological advances can be used to facilitate outcome measurement in ambulatory surgery with digital integration optimizing accurate real-time data collection. Telephone or web-based applications for reviewing ambulatory patients were found to be acceptable in multiple international settings and should be harnessed to allow remote follow-up. Summary Use of validated tools to measure patient-reported outcomes allows internal and external quality comparison. Tools can be combined to measure objective outcomes and patient satisfaction. These are both key factors in driving forward improvements in perioperative ambulatory surgical care.
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- 2020
6. Methodological practices in international business research: An after-action review of challenges and solutions
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Herman Aguinis, Wayne F. Cascio, and Ravi S. Ramani
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Research design ,Economics and Econometrics ,Conceptualization ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,Big data ,050401 social sciences methods ,Context (language use) ,International business ,Development theory ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Formative assessment ,0504 sociology ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Engineering ethics ,Business and International Management ,business ,Construct (philosophy) ,050203 business & management - Abstract
We combine after-action review and needs-assessment frameworks to describe the four most pervasive contemporary methodological challenges faced by international business (IB) researchers, as identified by authors ofJournal of International Business Studiesarticles: Psychometrically deficient measures (mentioned in 73% of articles), idiosyncratic samples or contexts (mentioned in 62.2% of articles), less-than-ideal research designs (mentioned in 62.2% of articles), and insufficient evidence about causal relations (mentioned in 8.1% of articles). Then, we offer solutions to address these challenges: demonstrating why and how the conceptualization of a construct is accurate given a particular context, specifying whether constructs are reflective or formative, taking advantage of the existence of multiple indicators to measure multi-dimensional constructs, using particular samples and contexts as vehicles for theorizing and further theory development, seeking out particular samples or contexts where hypotheses are more or less likely to be supported empirically, using Big Data techniques to take advantage of untapped sources of information and to re-analyze currently available data, implementing quasi-experiments, and conducting necessary-condition analysis. Our article aims to advance IB theory by tackling the most typical methodological challenges and is intended for researchers, reviewers and editors, research consumers, and instructors who are training the next generation of scholars.
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- 2020
7. Best-Practice Recommendations for Producers, Evaluators, and Users of Methodological Literature Reviews
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Ravi S. Ramani, Herman Aguinis, and Nawaf Alabduljader
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business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Best practice ,05 social sciences ,050401 social sciences methods ,General Decision Sciences ,Public relations ,Transparency (behavior) ,0504 sociology ,Categorization ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,0502 economics and business ,business ,Psychology ,050203 business & management ,Qualitative research - Abstract
We categorized and content-analyzed 168 methodological literature reviews published in 42 management and applied psychology journals. First, our categorization uncovered that the majority of published reviews (i.e., 85.10%) belong in three categories (i.e., critical, narrative, and descriptive reviews), which points to opportunities and promising directions for additional types of methodological literature reviews in the future (e.g., meta-analytic and umbrella reviews). Second, our content analysis uncovered implicit features of published methodological literature reviews. Based on the results of our content analysis, we created a checklist of actionable recommendations regarding 10 components to include to enhance a methodological literature review’s thoroughness, clarity, and ultimately, usefulness. Third, we describe choices and judgment calls in published reviews and provide detailed explications of exemplars that illustrate how those choices and judgment calls can be made explicit. Overall, our article offers recommendations that are useful for three methodological literature review stakeholder groups: producers (i.e., potential authors), evaluators (i.e., journal editors and reviewers), and users (i.e., substantive researchers interested in learning about a particular methodological issue and individuals tasked with training the next generation of scholars).
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- 2020
8. Distance travelled to hospital for emergency laparotomy and the effect of travel time on mortality: cohort study
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C.M. Oliver, Peter Martin, Tom Salih, Mike G. Bassett, S Ramani Moonesinghe, and Tom Poulton
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Confounding ,Health services research ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,health policy ,health services research ,Hospital medicine ,Continuous variable ,Travel time ,hospital medicine ,surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Laparotomy ,Emergency medicine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Socioeconomic status ,Cohort study ,Original Research - Abstract
ObjectivesTo evaluate whether distance and estimated travel time to hospital for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy is associated with postoperative mortality.DesignNational cohort study using data from the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit.Setting171 National Health Service hospitals in England and Wales.Participants22 772 adult patients undergoing emergency surgery on the gastrointestinal tract between 2013 and 2016.Main outcome measuresMortality from any cause and in any place at 30 and 90 days after surgery.ResultsMedian on-road distance between home and hospital was 8.4 km (IQR 4.7–16.7 km) with a median estimated travel time of 16 min. Median time from hospital admission to operating theatre was 12.7 hours. Older patients live on average further from hospital and patients from areas of increased socioeconomic deprivation live on average less far away.We included estimated travel time as a continuous variable in multilevel logistic regression models adjusting for important confounders and found no evidence for an association with 30-day mortality (OR per 10 min of travel time=1.02, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.06, p=0.512) or 90-day mortality (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 0.97 to 1.06, p=0.472).The results were similar when we limited our analysis to the subgroup of 5386 patients undergoing the most urgent surgery. 30-day mortality: OR=1.02 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.10, p=0.574) and 90-day mortality: OR=1.01 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.08, p=0.858).ConclusionsIn the UK NHS, estimated travel time between home and hospital was not a primary determinant of short-term mortality following emergency gastrointestinal surgery.
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- 2020
9. A seat at the table is no longer enough: practical implementable changes to address gender imbalance in the anaesthesia workplace
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Reshma Patel and S Ramani Moonesinghe
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Gender equity ,Gender equality ,business.industry ,Sexism ,Personnel Management ,State Medicine ,United Kingdom ,Career Mobility ,Leadership ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Anesthesiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Table (database) ,Female ,Demographic economics ,Workplace ,business - Published
- 2020
10. Women in anaesthesia, a special issue of the British Journal of Anaesthesia
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Christa Boer, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Jennifer M. Hunter, Hugh C. Hemmings, Cynthia A. Wong, IOO, Anesthesiology, ACS - Microcirculation, and ACS - Diabetes & metabolism
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Biomedical Research ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sexism ,MEDLINE ,Cultural Diversity ,Career Mobility ,Leadership ,Physicians, Women ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Anesthesiology ,Family medicine ,Cultural diversity ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,business ,Inclusion (education) ,Introductory Journal Article ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Published
- 2020
11. Pediatric perioperative outcomes: Protocol for a systematic literature review and identification of a core outcome set for infants, children, and young people requiring anesthesia and surgery
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Paul A. Stricker, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Cyrus Razavi, and Suellen M. Walker
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Adolescent ,Psychological intervention ,Delphi method ,Pediatrics ,Outcome (game theory) ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,medicine ,Humans ,Anesthesia ,Child ,Perioperative Period ,Set (psychology) ,Protocol (science) ,business.industry ,Infant ,Perioperative ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Systematic review ,Research Design ,Child, Preschool ,Surgical Procedures, Operative ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,business ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
Clinical outcomes are measurable changes in health, function, or quality of life that are important for evaluating the quality of care and comparing the efficacy of interventions. However, clinical outcomes and related measurement tools need to be well-defined, relevant, and valid. In adults, Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) methodology has been used to develop core outcome sets for perioperative care. Systematic literature reviews identified standardized endpoints (StEP) and valid measurement tools, and consensus across a broader range of relevant stakeholders was achieved via a Delphi process to establish Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (COMPAC). Core outcome sets for pediatric perioperative care cannot be directly extrapolated from adult data. The type and weighting of endpoints within particular domains can be influenced by age-dependent differences in the indications for and/or nature of surgery and medical comorbidities, and the validity and utility of many measurement tools vary significantly with developmental stage and age. The involvement of parents/carers is essential as they frequently act as surrogate responders for preverbal and developmentally delayed children, parental response may influence child outcome, and parental and/or child ranking of outcomes may differ from those of health professionals. Here, we describe the formation of the international Pediatric Perioperative Outcomes Group, which aims to identify and create validated, broadly applicable, patient-centered outcome measures for infants, children, and young people. Methodologies parallel that of the StEP and COMPAC projects, and systematic literature searches have been performed within agreed age-dependent subpopulations to identify reported outcomes and measurement tools. This represents the first steps for developing core outcome sets for pediatric perioperative care.
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- 2020
12. 'An A Is An A': The New Bottom Line For Valuing Academic Research
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Herman Aguinis, Chailin Cummings, Thomas G. Cummings, and Ravi S. Ramani
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Marketing ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Strategy and Management ,Electrical engineering ,Performance measurement ,Business and International Management ,Line (text file) ,business - Published
- 2020
13. The Postoperative Pancreas Imaging
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Ajaykumar C. Morani, Ahmed Taher, Nisha S. Ramani, Bilal Mujtaba, and Asif Patel
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stricture ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,medicine.medical_treatment ,pancreatic cancer ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Review article ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,pancreatic fistula ,Pancreatic fistula ,Intensive care ,Pancreatic cancer ,Pancreatectomy ,postoperative complications ,Medicine ,lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,Postsurgical complications ,pancreatectomy ,lcsh:RC799-869 ,business ,Pancreas ,lcsh:RC31-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Recent advances in the surgical techniques and postoperative intensive care have led to a decrease in the mortality rates after major pancreatic procedures, which now ranges from 1 to 3%. However, the morbidity rates are still high, resulting in longer hospital stays and greater cost. Imaging plays a fundamental role in the postoperative assessment. Specially, multidetector computed tomography scans (MDCT) is the modality of choice in the postoperative settings. Early diagnosis of the postoperative complications and differentiating them from being normal or expected postoperative findings is crucial to offer the best possible care for patients and to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. In this article, we will briefly review the normal pancreatic anatomy, discuss the main types of pancreatic surgeries, and illustrate the imaging findings during the early postoperative period and of the main postsurgical complications in both acute and chronic postoperative settings.
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- 2020
14. Knowledge management and social entrepreneurship education: lessons learned from an exploratory two-country study
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Ravi S. Ramani, George T. Solomon, and Nawaf Alabduljader
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Value (ethics) ,Entrepreneurship ,Knowledge management ,Higher education ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Field (Bourdieu) ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Social entrepreneurship ,Social issues ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,0502 economics and business ,Social venture ,Sociology ,business ,0503 education ,050203 business & management ,Pace - Abstract
PurposeSocial entrepreneurship courses are among the fastest growing category of course offerings to entrepreneurship students (Brock and Kim, 2011) because both high growth potential- and steady growth-social ventures can create value and help solve social issues effectively and efficiently. As knowledge disseminators, entrepreneurship educators are in prime position to develop the knowledge, skills and abilities of students, which, in turn, increases their intentions to start a social venture and their ability to manage and grow their venture. Students gain an understanding about the role of entrepreneurship in addressing social opportunities, as well as knowledge related to starting, managing and growing social entrepreneurship ventures. This paper is divided into three parts. First, the authors broadly discuss the concept of social entrepreneurship. Second, the authors present an overview of the field of social entrepreneurship education (SEE) and its evolution. Finally, the authors supplement this review with an analytical examination of SEE, in which the authors present results of a cross-country analysis survey of over 200 entrepreneurship education programs in the USA and Canada. This paper aims to present information about: student enrollment in social entrepreneurship courses in comparison to other entrepreneurship courses; the frequency of offering social entrepreneurship courses and programs compared to other entrepreneurship courses and programs; and future trends in SEE. The results revealed a strong demand for social entrepreneurship from students, room for improvement in terms of the supply of course offerings, and a strong belief in the continued growth of social entrepreneurship. The authors conclude with suggestions about the future of SEE.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis of secondary data derived from the oldest and most-frequently cited sources regarding entrepreneurship education in the USA and a novel data set examining entrepreneurship education in Canada. Both data sets were collected using an online self-report survey.FindingsDemand for SEE continues to rise in both the USA and Canada. However, course and program offerings have not kept pace. Prominent trends in social entrepreneurship such as cross-campus programs and addressing the evolving demographics of students in higher education institutions need more attention.Originality/valueA cross-cultural study of SEE that provides a high-level view of the state of the field today. In addition, the paper outlines the potential of the field of knowledge management for the future of SEE.
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- 2019
15. Clinical, Radiographic, Pathologic Characterization and Survival Outcomes of Nuclear Protein of the Testis Carcinoma
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Marcelle Mallery, Nisha S. Ramani, Priya Bhosale, Ajaykumar C. Morani, Mayur Virarkar, and Mohammed Saleh
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Radiography ,Bone Neoplasms ,Young Adult ,Carcinoma ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Survival analysis ,Retrospective Studies ,NUT midline carcinoma ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Nuclear Proteins ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Primary tumor ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Survival Analysis ,Kidney Neoplasms ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Positron emission tomography ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
Introduction Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) carcinoma (formerly NUT midline carcinoma) is an aggressive tumor with characteristic BRD4-NUTM1 translocation and a poor prognosis. The primary objective of this study was to describe the clinical and radiologic features, treatment response, and survival of NUT carcinoma (NC). Materials and methods This retrospective single-center study was based on the review of medical records of NC patients with a specific genetic rearrangement or positive anti-NUT nuclear staining. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed according to primary tumor location. Results This series of 22 patients had a mean age of 36.27 ± 2.68 years with 68% women and 32% men. The median age at diagnosis was 34 years (range, 17-55 years). The primary tumor was located in the chest (n = 12/22; 55%), head and neck (n = 9/22; 40%), and 1 patient had a renal tumor. About 68% (n = 15/22) patients presented with regional lymph nodal involvement and 77% (n = 17/22) had distant metastases. All the bone metastases were lytic (100%) with mixed lytic and sclerotic metastases in 5 patients. Only 18% (n = 4/22) of the patients showed response to treatment, with progression in the remaining 18 patients. The median OS was 7 months. The OS was significantly (P = 0.024) more in patients with primary head and neck NC (n = 9; OS, 16 months) versus those with pulmonary and other locations (n = 13; OS, 6 months). Conclusions Nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma is an aggressive disease refractory to conventional therapy. Imaging with the complementary use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography is important for staging, guiding management, assessing the treatment response, and surveillance.
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- 2021
16. The Perioperative Quality Improvement Programme (PQIP Patient Study): Protocol for a UK Multicentre, Prospective Cohort Study to Measure, Report and Improve Quality and Outcomes of Major Surgery
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Abigail E Vallance, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Olga Tucker, Arun Sahni, Katie Samuel, Giuseppe Aresu, Aleksandra Ignacka, Irene Leeman, R. Jonathan T. Wilson, Matthew Bedford, Christine Taylor, Rachel Baumber, Jose Lourtie, James Bedford, James Goodwin, Sharon Drake, Alexandra Brent, Duncan Wagstaff, David Anthony Gilhooly, Dermot McGuckin, Peter Martin, Helen Ellicott, Maria Chazapis, M. Swart, Dominic Olive, Martin Cripps, Kylie Edwards, Dorian Martinez, Helena Smith, Andrew J. Swift, Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, Pritam Singh, Cristel Santos, Anne-Marie Bougeard, Georgina Singleton, Jenny Dorey, Michael P. W. Grocott, Karen Williams, Ravinder S. Vohra, Naomi Fulop, and Samantha R Warnakulasuriya
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Protocol (science) ,Measure (data warehouse) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality management ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perioperative ,Patient study ,Emergency medicine ,medicine ,Quality (business) ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Background Major surgery accounts for a substantial proportion of health service activity and resource consumption, due not only to the primary procedure, but also the short and long-term implications of perioperative complications. It is likely that both compliance with best practice processes and outcomes from major surgery vary substantially between hospitals and therefore could be targets for quality improvement. Methods The Perioperative Quality Improvement Programme (PQIP) patient study is a multi-centre prospective cohort study which recruits participants undergoing major inpatient non-cardiac surgery with three main aims: to measure and improve processes of care and outcome from major surgery; to implement and evaluate a complex intervention aiming to enhance the use of data for improvement by clinical teams; and to create a national database to support collaborative research and efficient study design. The prospective dataset combines variables for risk adjustment, process measures and both objective and patient reported outcome data. Longer-term outcomes are collected through linkage to national administrative datasets (mortality and readmissions). PQIP deploys a theoretically underpinned improvement methodology to support the use of data for improvement by perioperative clinicians, incorporating action research principles to enable changes to be made in response to user feedback. Dissemination of interim findings (non-inferential) form a part of the improvement methodology and are provided to participating centres at regular intervals, including near-real-time feedback of key process measures. Inferential analyses will be published in the peer-reviewed literature, supported by a multi-modal communications strategy to patients, public, policy makers and academic audiences as well as clinicians. Discussion PQIP is the first national effort in the UK to measure and report risk-adjusted complications, patient-reported outcome and mortality rates for patients undergoing major surgery across multiple surgical specialties in the UK. Its main limitation is the risk of sampling bias due to the requirement for patient consent, and because local resource constraints may lead hospitals to recruit a convenience sample, rather than a truly random sample. We will evaluate this risk by using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) to identify all patients undergoing PQIP eligible procedures, and undertaking sensitivity analyses comparing common data points in the PQIP sample and the HES population. As the purpose of PQIP is to support quality improvement and research as opposed to quality assurance or institutional comparisons, even if they exist, such sampling biases are unlikely to materially affect the ability of the programme to achieve its aims.
- Published
- 2021
17. NHS ‘Learning from Deaths’ reports: a qualitative and quantitative document analysis of the first year of a countrywide patient safety programme
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Dorit Braun, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, and Zoe Brummell
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medicine.medical_specialty ,State Medicine ,health & safety ,quality in health care ,Secondary care ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,0302 clinical medicine ,Organization development ,Statutory law ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Health policy ,organisational development ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,030503 health policy & services ,General Medicine ,Document analysis ,England ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,Patient Safety ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,qualitative research ,Qualitative research - Abstract
ObjectivesTo review how National Health Service (NHS) Secondary Care Trusts (NSCTs) are using the Learning from Deaths (LfDs) programme to learn from and prevent, potentially preventable deaths.IntroductionPotentially preventable deaths occur worldwide within healthcare organisations. In England, inconsistencies in how NSCTs reviewed, investigated and shared LfDs, resulted in the introduction of national guidance on ‘LfDs’ in 2017. This guidance provides a ‘framework for identifying, reporting, investigating and LfDs’. Amendments to NHS Quality Account regulations, legally require NSCTs in England to report quantitative and qualitative information relating to patient deaths annually. The programme intended NSCTs would share this learning and take measurable action to prevent future deaths.MethodWe undertook qualitative and quantitative secondary data, document analysis of all NSCTs LfDs reports within their 2017/2018 Quality Accounts (n=222).ResultsAll statutory elements of LfDs reporting were reported by 98 out of 222 (44%) NSCTs. The percentage of deaths judged more likely than not due to problems in healthcare was between 0% and 13%. The majority of NSCTs (89%) reported lessons learnt; the most common learning theme was poor communication. 106 out of 222 NSCTs (48%) have shared or plan to share the learning within their own organisation. The majority of NSCTs (86%) reported actions taken and 47% discussed or had a plan for assessment of impact. 37 out of 222 NSCTs (17%) mentioned involvement of bereaved families.ConclusionsThe wide variation in reporting demonstrates that some NSCTs have engaged fully with LfDs, while other NSCTs appear to have disengaged with the programme. This may reveal a disparity in organisational learning and patient safety culture which could result in inequity for bereaved families. Many themes identified from the LfDs reports have previously been identified by national and international reports and inquiries.
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- 2021
18. Core Outcome Measures for Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (COMPAC): a modified Delphi process to develop a core outcome set for trials in perioperative care and anaesthesia
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Rinaldo Bellomo, W.S. Beattie, Toby Richards, D. I. Sessler, Donal J. Buggy, D.P.J. van Dijk, David Mazer, Brendan S. Silbert, Kate Leslie, Andrew D. Shaw, Simon J. Howell, Mark D. Neuman, P. Peyton, Mohandas Jayarajah, Mark A Shulman, Hilary P. Grocott, Luca Cabrini, Oliver Boney, Cornelis J. Kalkman, Andrew A. Klein, Tim Cook, Mervyn Singer, Lis Evered, Monty G. Mythen, John R. Prowle, P. J. Devereaux, David R. McIlroy, Timothy G. Short, David James Cooper, R.M. Pearse, Tony Gin, Michael P.W. Grocott, R. Eckenhoff, Jaume Canet, Paul S. Myles, David Scott, Keyvan Karkouti, Ann Merete Møller, Guy Haller, T. J. Gan, S Ramani Moonesinghe, David A Story, J.R. Sneyd, Brian P. Kavanagh, Tomas Corcoran, Justyna Bartoszko, W. A. van Klei, and Giovanni Landoni
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Adult ,Male ,Consensus ,Adolescent ,Delphi Technique ,perioperative medicine ,Outcome (game theory) ,core outcome ,Perioperative Care ,surgery ,Patient safety ,Young Adult ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Postoperative Complications ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Medicine ,Humans ,Anesthesia ,Adverse effect ,Aged ,Anesthetics ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Perioperative medicine ,standardised endpoints ,business.industry ,anaesthesia ,Perioperative ,Middle Aged ,Clinical trial ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Clinical research ,patient-centred outcome ,Quality of Life ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background Outcome selection underpins clinical trial interpretation. Inconsistency in outcome selection and reporting hinders comparison of different trials' results, reducing the utility of research findings. Methods We conducted an iterative consensus process to develop a set of Core Outcome Measures for Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (COMPAC), following the established Core Outcome Measures for Effectiveness Trials (COMET) methodology. First, we undertook a systematic review of RCTs in high-impact journals to describe current outcome reporting trends. We then surveyed patients, carers, researchers, and perioperative clinicians about important outcomes after surgery. Finally, a purposive stakeholder sample participated in a modified Delphi process to develop a core outcome set for perioperative and anaesthesia trials. Results Our systematic review revealed widespread inconsistency in outcome reporting, with variable or absent definitions, levels of detail, and temporal criteria. In the survey, almost all patients, carers, and clinicians rated clinical outcome measures critically important, but clinicians rated patient-centred outcomes less highly than patients and carers. The final core outcome set was: (i) mortality/survival (postoperative mortality, long-term survival); (ii) perioperative complications (major postoperative complications/adverse events; complications/adverse events causing permanent harm); (iii) resource use (length of hospital stay, unplanned readmission within 30 days); (iv) short-term recovery (discharge destination, level of dependence, or both); and (v) longer-term recovery (overall health-related quality of life). Conclusions This core set, incorporating important outcomes for both clinicians and patients, should guide outcome selection in future perioperative medicine or anaesthesia trials. Mapping these alongside standardised endpoint definitions will yield a comprehensive perioperative outcome framework.
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- 2021
19. MET Gene High Copy Number (Amplification/Polysomy) Identified in Melanoma for Potential Targeted Therapy
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Shengle Zhang, Nisha S. Ramani, and Ajaykumar C. Morani
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Polysomy ,Tissue microarray ,Lung Neoplasms ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,DNA Copy Number Variations ,business.industry ,Melanoma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gene Amplification ,Gene Dosage ,General Medicine ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ,medicine.disease ,Targeted therapy ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,Mesenchymal–epithelial transition ,Humans ,Copy-number variation ,business ,Gene ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Fluorescence in situ hybridization - Abstract
Objectives Aberrant expression of the mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET) gene has been observed in several malignancies, and drugs targeting the MET gene have been implicated in clinical trials with promising results. Hence, MET is a potentially targetable oncogenic driver. We explored the frequency of MET gene high copy number in melanomas and carcinomas. Methods The study group included 135 patients. Tissue microarrays were constructed with 19 melanomas and 116 carcinomas diagnosed from 2010 to 2012. We screened MET gene copy number by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using probes for MET gene and CEP7 as control. Results We found MET gene amplification in 2 (11%) of 19 melanoma cases, whereas 5 (26%) of 19 melanoma cases showed polysomy. For carcinomas, there was no MET gene amplification identified. However, 8 (7%) of 116 cases showed polysomy. Conclusions In our study, MET gene amplification was identified in 11% of melanomas and is relatively concordant with few reported studies. However, about 26% of the additional melanoma cases showed MET gene polysomy, which has not been reported as per our knowledge. If these results are validated with further orthogonal studies, more of the melanoma cases could potentially benefit from targeted therapy with MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
- Published
- 2021
20. Imaging features of adrenal gland masses in the pediatric population
- Author
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Nisha S. Ramani, Bilal Mujtaba, Abdelrahman K. Hanafy, Alicia M. Roman-Colon, Steven G. Waguespack, Ajaykumar C. Morani, Khaled M. Elsayes, and Douglas J. Harrison
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Fossa ,Urology ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Lesion ,Pheochromocytoma ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Child ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Adrenal gland ,Ultrasound ,Gastroenterology ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Hepatology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Pediatric population - Abstract
The spectrum of adrenal masses in the pediatric population markedly differs from that in the adult population. Imaging plays a crucial role in detecting adrenal masses, differentiating malignant from benign lesions, recognizing extra-adrenal lesions in the suprarenal fossa, and directing further management. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of adrenal masses in the neonatal period, whereas MRI or CT is used as a problem-solving tool. In older children, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is often required after initial sonographic evaluation for further characterization of a lesion. Herein, we discuss the salient imaging features along with pathophysiology and clinical features of pediatric adrenal masses.
- Published
- 2019
21. Preoperative chronic beta-blocker prescription in elderly patients as a risk factor for postoperative mortality stratified by preoperative blood pressure: a cohort study
- Author
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Helen J. Manning, Jonathan G. Hardman, Puja R. Myles, Mark Coburn, Monty G. Mythen, Sudhir Venkatesan, Mads E. Jørgensen, Pierre Foëx, Abdul Mozid, Robert D. Sanders, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Charlotte Andersson, and Michael P.W. Grocott
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Systolic hypertension ,Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ,Blood Pressure ,Cardiovascular ,Poisons ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,030202 anesthesiology ,Internal medicine ,Preoperative Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Myocardial infarction ,Risk factor ,Beta blocker ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,Perioperative ,medicine.disease ,United Kingdom ,Editorial ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Blood pressure ,Heart failure ,Hypertension ,Cardiology ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background : Recent data suggest that beta blockers are associated with increased perioperative risk in hypertensive patients. We investigated whether beta blockers were associated with an increased risk in elderly patients with raised preoperative arterial blood pressure. Methods We conducted a propensity-score-matched cohort study of primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2004–13), including 84 633 patients aged 65 yr or over. Conditional logistic regression models, including factors that were significantly associated with the outcome, were constructed for 30-day mortality after elective noncardiac surgery. The effects of beta blockers (primary outcome), renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, thiazides, loop diuretics, and statins were investigated at systolic and diastolic arterial pressure thresholds. Results Beta blockers were associated with increased odds of postoperative 30-day mortality in patients with systolic hypertension (defined as systolic BP >140 mm Hg; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–3.51). After excluding patients for whom prior data suggest benefit from perioperative beta blockade (patients with prior myocardial infarction or heart failure), rather than adjusting for them, the point estimate shifted slightly (aOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.09–3.89). Compared with no use, statins (aOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17–0.75) and thiazides (aOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10–0.78) were associated with lower mortality in patients with systolic hypertension. Conclusions These data suggest that the safety of perioperative beta blockers may be influenced by preoperative blood pressure thresholds. A randomised controlled trial of beta-blocker withdrawal, in select populations, is required to identify a causal relationship.
- Published
- 2019
22. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the perioperative setting; where next?
- Author
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Jugdeep K. Dhesi, Judith Partridge, and S Ramani Moonesinghe
- Subjects
Geriatrics ,endocrine system ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality management ,business.industry ,Health services research ,Geriatric assessment ,General Medicine ,Perioperative ,Nursing ,Workforce ,Medicine ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,National audit ,Face validity - Abstract
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is being employed in the perioperative setting to improve outcomes for older surgical patients. Traditionally CGA is delivered by a geriatrician led multidisciplinary team but with the acknowledged workforce challenges in geriatric medicine, it has been suggested that non-geriatricians may be able to deliver CGA. HOW-CGA developed a toolkit to facilitate the delivery of CGA by non-geriatricians in the perioperative setting. Across two hospital sites uptake and implementation of this toolkit was limited by a potential lack of face validity, behavioural and cultural barriers and an acknowledgement that geriatric medicine expertise is key to CGA and optimisation. In-keeping with this finding there has been an observed expansion in geriatrician led CGA services for older surgical patients in the UK. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of perioperative CGA services, implementation science should be combined with health services research methodology and the use of big data through linked national audit.
- Published
- 2019
23. A Pluralist Conceptualization of Scholarly Impact in Management Education: Students as Stakeholders
- Author
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Joowon Lee, Nawaf Alabduljader, Ravi S. Ramani, Herman Aguinis, and James R. Bailey
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Conceptualization ,Higher education ,business.industry ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Pedagogy ,Sociology ,business ,050203 business & management ,Education - Abstract
Scholarly impact is typically conceptualized and measured as an internal exchange that occurs among researchers in the form of citations in journal articles. We offer an expanded conceptualization ...
- Published
- 2019
24. NHS Hospital ‘Learning from Deaths’ reports: A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the first year of a countrywide patient safety programme
- Author
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Dorit Braun, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, and Zoe Brummell
- Subjects
Secondary care ,Patient safety ,Nursing ,Quantitative analysis (finance) ,business.industry ,Shared learning ,Statutory law ,Health care ,Medicine ,Secondary data ,Quality of care ,business - Abstract
IntroductionPotentially preventable deaths occur worldwide within healthcare organisations. Organisational learning from incidents is essential to improve quality of care. In England, inconsistencies in how NHS secondary care trusts reviewed, investigated and shared learning from deaths, resulted in the introduction of national guidance on ‘Learning from Deaths’ (LfDs) in 2017. This guidance provides a ‘framework for identifying, reporting, investigating and learning from deaths’. Amendments to NHS Quality Account regulations, legally require NHS trusts in England to report quantitative and qualitative information relating to patient deaths annually. The programme intended trusts would share this learning and take measurable action to prevent future deaths.MethodWe undertook qualitative and quantitative secondary data analysis of all NHS secondary care trust LfDs reports within their 2017/18 Quality Accounts, to review how organisations are using the LfDs programme to learn from and prevent, potentially preventable deaths.ResultsAll statutory elements of LfDs reporting were reported by 98 out of 222 (44%) trusts. The percentage of deaths judged more likely than not due to problems in healthcare was between 0% and 13%. The majority of trusts (89%) reported lessons learnt; the most common learning theme was poor communication. 106 out of 222 trusts (48%) have shared or plan to share the learning within their own organisation. The majority of trusts (86%) reported actions taken and 47% discussed or had a plan for assessment of impact. 37 out of 222 trusts (17%) mentioned involvement of bereaved families.ConclusionsThe wide variation in reporting demonstrates that some trusts have engaged fully with LfDs, while other trusts appear to have disengaged with the programme. This may reveal a disparity in organisational learning and patient safety culture which could result in inequity for bereaved families. Many themes identified from the LfD reports have previously been identified in national and international reports and inquiries. Further work is needed to strengthen the LfDs programme.
- Published
- 2020
25. Socioeconomic deprivation and long-term outcomes after elective surgery: analysis of prospective data from two observational studies
- Author
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Rupert M Pearse, John R. Prowle, Yize I. Wan, Dermot McGuckin, S Ramani Moonesinghe, and Alexander J. Fowler
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Univariate analysis ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Hazard ratio ,Odds ratio ,Survival Analysis ,Confidence interval ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Postoperative Complications ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Elective Surgical Procedures ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Observational study ,Prospective Studies ,Elective surgery ,Risk factor ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,Proportional Hazards Models - Abstract
Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with health inequalities. We explored relationships between socioeconomic group and outcomes after elective surgery in the UK National Health Service (NHS).We combined data from two observational studies in 115 NHS hospitals and determined socioeconomic group using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintiles based on place of residence. Postoperative complications and 3-yr survival were assessed using logistic and Cox regression. Univariate analyses were adjusted for age differences between IMD quintiles. Multivariable analyses were used to account for other baseline risk factors including sex and comorbid disease. Results are reported as n (%), hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.Postoperative complications developed in 971/9051 patients (10.7%) and 1597/9043 patients (17.7%) died within 3 yr. Complication rates increased with deprivation (reference group least-deprived IMD5): IMD1 (OR=1.44 [1.17-1.78]; P0.001), IMD2 (OR=1.38 [1.12-1.70]; P0.01), IMD3 (OR=1.09 [0.88-1.35]: P=0.44), IMD4 (OR=0.89 [0.71-1.11]; P=0.30). More patients from the most deprived quintile died (IMD1) (n=349, 18.8%) compared with the least deprived (IMD5) (n=297, 15.9%) with a trend across the socioeconomic spectrum (P=0.01). After age adjustment, patients in the most deprived areas experienced reduced 3-yr survival: IMD1 (HR=1.43 [1.23-1.67]; P0.0001), IMD2 (HR=1.35 [1.15-1.57]; P0.001), IMD3 (HR=1.04 [0.89-1.23]; P=0.60), and IMD4 (HR=1.11 [0.95-1.30]; P=0.19). This finding persisted in risk-adjusted analyses. Increased complication rates only partially explained this reduced survival.Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with worse long-term outcomes after elective surgery. This risk factor should be considered when planning perioperative care for patients from deprived areas.
- Published
- 2020
26. Utilization of cytology smears improves success rates of RNA-based next-generation sequencing gene fusion assays for clinically relevant predictive biomarkers
- Author
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Keyur P. Patel, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri, Mark J. Routbort, Asif Rashid, Jawad Manekia, Roland L. Bassett, Nisha S. Ramani, Alexander J. Lazar, Hyvan Dang, Russell Broaddus, Zhenya Tang, John Stewart, Hui Chen, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, and Bedia A. Barkoh
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cytodiagnosis ,Biopsy, Fine-Needle ,Cytological Techniques ,Bioinformatics ,DNA sequencing ,Targeted therapy ,Fusion gene ,Cytology ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Gene ,Predictive biomarker ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,RNA ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Amplicon ,Middle Aged ,Oncology ,Female ,Gene Fusion ,business - Abstract
Background The use of RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays to detect gene fusions for targeted therapy has rapidly become an essential component of comprehensive molecular profiling. For cytology specimens, the cell block (CB) is most commonly used for fusion testing; however, insufficient cellularity and/or suboptimal RNA quality are often limiting factors. In the current study, the authors evaluated the factors affecting RNA fusion testing in cytology and the added value of smears in cases with a suboptimal or inadequate CB. Methods A 12-month retrospective review was performed to identify cytology cases that were evaluated by a targeted RNA-based NGS assay. Samples were sequenced by targeted amplicon-based NGS for 51 clinically relevant genes on a proprietary platform. Preanalytic factors and NGS quality parameters were correlated with the results of RNA fusion testing. Results The overall success rate of RNA fusion testing was 92%. Of the 146 cases successfully sequenced, 14% had a clinically relevant fusion detected. NGS testing success positively correlated with RNA yield (P = .03) but was independent of the tumor fraction, the tumor size, or the number of slides used for extraction. CB preparations were adequate for testing in 45% cases, but the inclusion of direct smears increased the adequacy rate to 92%. There was no significant difference in testing success rates between smears and CB preparations. Conclusions The success of RNA-based NGS fusion testing depends on the quality and quantity of RNA extracted. The use of direct smears significantly improves the adequacy of cytologic samples for RNA fusion testing for predictive biomarkers.
- Published
- 2020
27. Management of Coronary Artery Aneurysm – Report of two cases
- Author
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KP Jadhav, SS Mane, KS Sridhar, S Ramani, K Narasa Raju, and R Reddy
- Subjects
Coronary artery aneurysm ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,business ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is described as a localized dilatation of a coronary artery segment by more than 1.5-fold compared with the adjacent normal segments. The incidence of CAA varies from 0.3 to 5.3% with atherosclerosis, Takayasu arteritis, congenital disorders, Kawasaki disease, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) being the common etiologic factors. Owing to its varying presentation and absence of robust treatment guidelines, management of CAA is a challenge. Management of every patient must be tailored according to the presentation and expertise of the cardiac team available. Here, we present case reports of two patients with CAA who presented with acute coronary syndrome. As a result of unstable presentation, both patients underwent immediate intervention (CABG and PCI respectively) with successful revascularization having no complication and mortality.
- Published
- 2020
28. Imaging spectrum of NUT carcinomas
- Author
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Nisha S. Ramani, Mayur Virarkar, Ajaykumar C. Morani, Priya Bhosale, and Mohammed Saleh
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Treatment response ,Lung Neoplasms ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Testicular Neoplasms ,Testis ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Basal cell ,Head and neck ,Lymph node ,NUT midline carcinoma ,business.industry ,Treatment options ,Nuclear Proteins ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Neck - Abstract
Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) (formerly known as NUT midline carcinoma) is an aggressive pleomorphic squamous cell carcinoma with a dismal prognosis. Primary NC tumors are commonly located in the chest or head and neck regions. Imaging plays an indispensable role in the staging, management, treatment response assessment, and surveillance of NC. Primary pulmonary NC usually presents as a large mass with lymphadenopathy and pleural involvement. Primary head and neck NC presents as a large expansile necrotic mass in the sinonasal region with locoregional destruction and occasional cervical lymph node involvement. These imaging features are relatively non-specific but are consistent among patients. Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for the treatment of NC. Because of its rarity, paucity of reports in the medical literature, and the lack of awareness among radiologists, NUT carcinoma (NC) has been largely underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. Clinical aggressive features and pleomorphic/undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma should prompt genetic evaluation for NUT translocation to diagnose NC. In this article, we discuss NC's clinicopathologic and imaging features and treatment options, including emerging new treatments.
- Published
- 2020
29. Women empowerment in anaesthesia research and clinical practice:meeting report from the British Journal of Anaesthesia Women in Anaesthesia Research symposium
- Author
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Christa Boer and S Ramani Moonesinghe
- Subjects
Gender equality ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Academic promotion ,humanities ,Clinical Practice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,030202 anesthesiology ,Anesthesia ,Medicine ,Empowerment ,Peer coaching ,business ,health care economics and organizations ,media_common - Abstract
The Women in Anaesthesia Research Symposium (Prato, Italy; 4 June, 2019), supported by the British Journal of Anaesthesia in collaboration with Monash University, was organised to discuss challenges facing women in anaesthesia clinical practice and research. We provide an overview of institutional or departmental measures that were proposed during the symposium that may empower women in anaesthesia today.
- Published
- 2020
30. Perioperative interventions for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
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Benedict C. Creagh-Brown, Peter M. Odor, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Sohail Bampoe, and David Gilhooly
- Subjects
Relative risk reduction ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Respiratory Therapy ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Psychological intervention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Postoperative Complications ,030202 anesthesiology ,Medicine ,Humans ,Vasoconstrictor Agents ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Adverse effect ,Intensive care medicine ,Physical Therapy Modalities ,Expectorants ,Intraoperative Care ,business.industry ,Research ,Hemodynamics ,Respiratory infection ,General Medicine ,Perioperative ,Confidence interval ,Analgesia, Epidural ,Relative risk ,Meta-analysis ,Critical Pathways ,Fluid Therapy ,business - Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify, appraise, and synthesise the best available evidence on the efficacy of perioperative interventions to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, CINHAL, and CENTRAL from January 1990 to December 2017.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials investigating short term, protocolised medical interventions conducted before, during, or after non-cardiac surgery were included. Trials with clinical diagnostic criteria for PPC outcomes were included. Studies of surgical technique or physiological or biochemical outcomes were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisReviewers independently identified studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Quality of evidence was summarised in accordance with GRADE methods. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs. Secondary outcomes were respiratory infection, atelectasis, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Trial sequential analysis was used to investigate the reliability and conclusiveness of available evidence. Adverse effects of interventions were not measured or compared.Results117 trials enrolled 21 940 participants, investigating 11 categories of intervention. 95 randomised controlled trials enrolling 18 062 participants were included in meta-analysis; 22 trials were excluded from meta-analysis because the interventions were not sufficiently similar to be pooled. No high quality evidence was found for interventions to reduce the primary outcome (incidence of PPCs). Seven interventions had low or moderate quality evidence with confidence intervals indicating a probable reduction in PPCs: enhanced recovery pathways (risk ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.58), prophylactic mucolytics (0.40, 0.23 to 0.67), postoperative continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (0.49, 0.24 to 0.99), lung protective intraoperative ventilation (0.52, 0.30 to 0.88), prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy (0.55, 0.32 to 0.93), epidural analgesia (0.77, 0.65 to 0.92), and goal directed haemodynamic therapy (0.87, 0.77 to 0.98). Moderate quality evidence showed no benefit for incentive spirometry in preventing PPCs. Trial sequential analysis adjustment confidently supported a relative risk reduction of 25% in PPCs for prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy, epidural analgesia, enhanced recovery pathways, and goal directed haemodynamic therapies. Insufficient data were available to support or refute equivalent relative risk reductions for other interventions.ConclusionsPredominantly low quality evidence favours multiple perioperative PPC reduction strategies. Clinicians may choose to reassess their perioperative care pathways, but the results indicate that new trials with a low risk of bias are needed to obtain conclusive evidence of efficacy for many of these interventions.Study registrationProspero CRD42016035662.
- Published
- 2020
31. Stock Market Analysis of 10 Different Countries in the Period of Disease COVID-19
- Author
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Varun S. Manik, Shravani P. Ahirrao, Leena Sharma, Aditya V. Yadav, and Aman S. Ramani
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Stock market volatility ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Financial economics ,Order (exchange) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,General Engineering ,Stock market ,Program code ,Business ,Stock market analysis ,Period (music) ,Stock (geology) - Abstract
Our effort is to analyze the effect of the rampant over the economies of 10 affected nations by studying their stock market values during the COVID-19 episode. We have endowed the nations with their respective stock markets stated in brackets - Brazil(Ibovespa), Canada (S&P/TSX Composite), France (AEX), Germany (DAX 30), India (NIFTY 50), Italy (FTSE MIB), Russia (IMOEX), Spain (IBEX 35), U.K. (FTSE 100), U.S.A. (DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE). We have gathered the indices of stock per country from 2 March to 23rd June, collected from official website of respective stocks. In order to collect data, we had to inculcate the fundamental lessons of Statistics. R-software aided us to plot the curves of stock values providing an ease to master our project. We also formulated a Python 3.7 language program code to solidify analysis on various aspects of economy of the countries and comparison between these aspects.
- Published
- 2020
32. Multifunctional Dy (III) doped di-calcium silicate array for boosting display and forensic applications
- Author
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G.P. Darshan, R.B. Basavaraj, S.C. Sharma, H. Nagabhushana, B. Daruka Prasad, P. Hema Prabha, M. Venkataravanappa, and S. Ramani
- Subjects
Reproducibility ,Photoluminescence ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Doping ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Ion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Solid-state lighting ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,law ,Calcium silicate ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,Luminescence ,business - Abstract
Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are the major physical evidences for the identification of individuals during crime spot investigation. Till date, numerous methods were followed to visualize LFPs. However, simple, accurate, and cost-effective method has wide scope in advanced forensic field. In our work, Ca2SiO4:Dy3+ nanopowders (NPs) were fabricated via solution combustion route. The optimized sample was employed for the visualization of overlapped LFPs by the cost effective powder dusting method. The obtained results reveals the complete three levels of ridge characteristics with high sensitivity, reproducibility, selectivity, and reliability on various complex surfaces. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra consist of intense peaks at ∼ 480 and 574 nm owing to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 4f transitions of Dy3+ ions, respectively. The photometric properties confirm that the samples exhibit intense white emission with high color purity. Therefore, the prepared NPs could be a definitive choice as an advanced luminescent NPs for forensic, solid state lighting and portable FED devices.
- Published
- 2018
33. What You See Is What You Get? Enhancing Methodological Transparency in Management Research
- Author
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Nawaf Alabduljader, Ravi S. Ramani, and Herman Aguinis
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,0504 sociology ,business.industry ,Best practice ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Management research ,050401 social sciences methods ,Business and International Management ,Public relations ,business ,Transparency (behavior) ,050203 business & management - Abstract
We review the literature on evidence-based best practices on how to enhance methodological transparency, which is the degree of detail and disclosure about the specific steps, decisions, and judgme...
- Published
- 2018
34. Predictive Factors of Cervical Traction based on Cervical Spine Realignment shown by Series Lateral Cervical X-ray in Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Patients
- Author
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Premanand S Ramani, Farid Yudoyono, Rully Hanafi Dahlan, and Sevline Estethia Ompusunggu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Radiology ,Cervical spine injury ,business ,Cervical spine ,Cervical traction - Published
- 2018
35. New outcome measures in perioperative care
- Author
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S Ramani Moonesinghe, Tom Salih, and Hoon Ying Lau
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Outcome (game theory) ,Perioperative Care ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030202 anesthesiology ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Patient experience ,Humans ,Medicine ,Quality (business) ,Patient Reported Outcome Measures ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,media_common ,business.industry ,Outcome measures ,General Medicine ,Perioperative ,medicine.disease ,Quality Improvement ,Perioperative care ,Medical emergency ,Outcome data ,business - Abstract
Improvements in outcome measurement are needed to produce quality improvement in perioperative care. However, problems with the collection and use of outcome data persist in research and clinical practice. This is being addressed by several national programmes and initiatives to standardize and integrate outcome measurement. The use of different outcome measures is changing and there has been a transition towards patient-focused measures. Traditional measures of quality in perioperative care include mortality, morbidity and resource utilization measures. Patient-focused measures include patient-reported outcome measures and measures of patient experience. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages in different situations. The routine collection, analysis and dissemination of data relating to perioperative outcome is beneficial to patients, clinicians, hospitals, commissioners, regulators and researchers.
- Published
- 2017
36. Most Frequently Cited Sources, Articles, and Authors in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Textbooks: Implications for the Science–Practice Divide, Scholarly Impact, and the Future of the Field
- Author
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Ravi S. Ramani, Josiah Drewry, P. Knight Campbell, Paloma Bernal-Turnes, Herman Aguinis, and Brett T. Edgerton
- Subjects
Social psychology (sociology) ,Social Psychology ,business.industry ,Field (Bourdieu) ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Popular press ,Undergraduate studies ,Knowledge base ,0502 economics and business ,Sustainability ,Industrial/Organizational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Industrial and organizational psychology ,Sociology ,Social science ,business ,050203 business & management ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Most future industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology practitioners and researchers initially enroll in an introductory I-O psychology course during their junior or senior year of undergraduate studies, making introductory textbooks their first in-depth exposure to the field and an important knowledge base. We reviewed and analyzed the 6,654 unique items (e.g., journal articles, book chapters) published in 1,682 unique sources (e.g., scholarly journals, edited books, popular press publications) and authored by 8,603 unique individuals cited in six popular I-O psychology textbooks. Results showed that 39% of the top-cited sources are not traditional academic peer-reviewed journals, 77% of the top-cited articles were published in cross-disciplinary journals, and 58% of the top-cited authors are affiliated with business schools and not psychology departments. These results suggest that the science–practice divide in I-O psychology may develop later—perhaps after graduates obtain employment as either practitioners or researchers. Also, results suggest I-O psychology is closer to business and management than social psychology and psychology in general. We discuss additional implications for the science–practice divide, how to define and measure scholarly impact, and the future of I-O psychology as a field, including the movement of I-O psychologists to business schools and the sustainability of I-O psychology programs in psychology departments.
- Published
- 2017
37. Improvement Science in Anaesthesia
- Author
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James Bedford, S Ramani Moonesinghe, and Duncan Wagstaff
- Subjects
Quality management ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Data feedback ,Psychological intervention ,Quality ,Anaesthesia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Work (electrical) ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Anesthesia ,Health care ,Patient Safety in Anesthesia (A Barbeito, Section Editor) ,Medicine ,Improvement Science ,Quality (business) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0305 other medical science ,business ,media_common ,Surgical patients - Abstract
Purpose of Review This article offers an overview of the history and features of Improvement Science in general and some of its applications to Anaesthesia in particular. Recent Findings Improvement Science is an evolving discipline aiming to generate learning from quality improvement interventions. An increasingly common approach to improving Anaesthesia services is to employ large-scale perioperative data measurement and feedback programmes. Improvement Science offers important insights on questions such as which indicators to collect data for; how to capture that data; how it can be presented in engaging visual formats; how it could/should be fed back to frontline staff and how they can be supported in their use of data to generate improvement. Summary Data measurement and feedback systems represent opportunities for anaesthetists to work with multidisciplinary colleagues to help improve services and outcomes for surgical patients. Improvement Science can help evaluate which approaches work, and in which contexts, and is therefore of value to healthcare commissioners, providers and patients.
- Published
- 2017
38. Undiagnosed Pheochromocytoma Simulating Malignant Hyperthermia
- Author
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Nisha S. Ramani, Robert Stoppacher, Ajaykumar C. Morani, and Charles A. Catanese
- Subjects
Male ,Chest Pain ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fever ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Autopsy ,Pheochromocytoma ,Neuroendocrine tumors ,Normetanephrine ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Arthroscopy ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Catecholamines ,Fatal Outcome ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,030202 anesthesiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Malignant hyperthermia ,Metanephrines ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Pleomorphism (cytology) ,Hypotension ,Malignant Hyperthermia ,business ,Adrenal medulla - Abstract
Introduction Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-producing neuroendocrine tumors. They are surgically curable but can be lethal if remain undiagnosed. We report a patient earlier diagnosed with malignant hyperthermia but later found to have pheochromocytoma on autopsy. Case report After a preprocedural pain block for elective right shoulder arthroscopy, a 53-year-old hypertensive white man developed chest pain. In the operating room, he had increased blood pressure. Postoperatively, his blood pressures dropped from 220/100 to 80/30 mm Hg. He later developed high fever with core temperature reaching a peak of 42.2°C, rapid breathing, and died after unsuccessful attempts to stabilize him. Autopsy Autopsy revealed a tumor in his right adrenal gland, measuring 10 cm in greatest dimension and weighing 530 g. It was red brown with a hemorrhagic and cystic cut surface. A thin rim of yellow-orange adrenal cortex was visible at the margin of the tumor, indicating that it originated from the underlying adrenal medulla. The left adrenal gland was unremarkable.Sections showed hypercellular tumor with zellballen architecture. The tumor cells were round to oval with finely granular basophilic cytoplasm and mild pleomorphism. A 24-hour urine sample collected before his death showed greater than 22727 μg/g Ratio to Creatinine metanephrines and normetanephrine, indicating that the tumor was active and secreted high levels of catecholamine. The cause of death was established as the complications of pheochromocytoma in the settings of general anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy. The manner of death was natural. Conclusions Pheochromocytoma can mimic malignant hyperthermia, and it should always be considered and managed appropriately in such scenarios to avoid untoward consequences. Pathologists must also be aware of this when conducting an autopsy in cases with a previous clinical diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia.
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- 2017
39. Pattern Taxonomy Mining for Text Categorization
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Neeraj Kesavan, S Ramani, and N. Jaisankar
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business.industry ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Text categorization ,Text mining ,020204 information systems ,Taxonomy (general) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,Data mining ,business ,computer ,Natural language processing - Published
- 2017
40. Causal inference in perioperative medicine observational research: part 1, a graphical introduction
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Matt Wilson, Steve Harris, Karthik Raghunathan, Duncan J McLean, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Danny J.N. Wong, and Tetsu Ohnuma
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Perioperative medicine ,Biomedical Research ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,education ,Confounding ,Data science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Observational Studies as Topic ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,030202 anesthesiology ,Causal association ,Causal inference ,Medicine ,Humans ,Observational study ,Graphical model ,Perioperative Medicine ,business ,Set (psychology) - Abstract
Graphical models have emerged as a tool to map out the interplay between multiple measured and unmeasured variables, and can help strengthen the case for a causal association between exposures and outcomes in observational studies. In Part 1 of this methods series, we will introduce the reader to graphical models for causal inference in perioperative medicine, and set the framework for Part 2 of the series involving advanced methods for causal inference.
- Published
- 2019
41. Steroid Cell Ovarian Tumor in a Case of von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Demonstrating Lipid Content of the Mass with MR Imaging
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Steven G. Waguespack, Hrishabh R. Bhosale, Ahmad Iyad Mubarak, Nisha S. Ramani, Ajaykumar C. Morani, and Anita Ying
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,steroid cell tumor ,Cell ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,von Hippel-Lindau disease ,medicine.disease ,Mr imaging ,Steroid ,Ovarian tumor ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lipid content ,Clinical Image ,lipid cell tumor ,Steroid cell tumor ,Medicine ,lipoid cell tumor ,magnetic resonance imaging ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Von Hippel–Lindau disease ,business - Published
- 2019
42. A Secure Resource Routing Concept for Authenticated Vehicle in AVANET
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Pingili Swetha and S. Ramani
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On board ,Authentication ,Vehicular ad hoc network ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Robustness (computer science) ,Vehicle-to-vehicle ,business ,Network topology ,Computer network - Abstract
A vehicular ad-hoc network commonly known as VANET is one of the rapid growing division of mobile ad-hoc network. In VANET cluster of elegant vehicles equipped with OBU (On Board Unit) are behaves as mobile nodes on highways and it is capable in providing Mobile-to-stationary Road Side Unit (V-to-RSU) and Mobile-to-Mobile (V-to-V) communication. Vehicular network is promising several useful services on National Highway like shelter applications as well as amusement applications. However, a number of limitations can bang the consistency of vehicular networks. Mobile-to-Mobile communication is considered to be noteworthy to provide a high level safety and it is ease to handle by drivers and travelers. Steering in this network is a major confront; hence we find many research issues in VANET. Location based navigation protocol has been recognized to be appropriate to VANETs for the reason that often altered network topology and extremely dynamic nature of mobile nodes. Even though VANET can establish communication between vehicle to vehicle, still embedded with some tribulations like, how to validate the message broadcasted from various vehicle range, and to route the vehicle's message to different vehicle communication range. To overcome these issues we are proposed to design an AVANET (Autonomous vehicular ad-hoc network). The AVANET can competent the entities, which can behave autonomously and get into an appropriate, network topology to make advanced connectivity for both V-to-RSU and V-to-V transportation. The simulation output of the proposed AVANET is designating the robustness against network detachment and indicates the high secured authentication between vehicles.
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- 2019
43. Homomorphic Encryption Scheme to Enhance the Security of Data
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S. Ramani and C. K. Deepa
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Cloud computing security ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Data security ,Homomorphic encryption ,Cloud computing ,Encryption ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Data set ,Upload ,Cryptosystem ,business ,computer - Abstract
Data generated in digital devices need to be secured for its use by the authorized users. Different security algorithms such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems have been developed to secure the data while in transmission as well as at rest. However, data is not secure while processing. This paper explores the concept of Homomorphic Encryption (HE) based solution for secured functional evaluation of data. The proposed FHE-AES/DH cloud security model executes encryption on the data and encrypted data is transmitted to the cloud server. The functional evaluation is carried out on uploaded data by the third party without knowing the contents. These models hide the content of data in order to protect security and privacy. A banking data set has been used for the case study. The FHE-AES model takes less time for functional evaluation compared to FHE-DH model.
- Published
- 2019
44. Developing and validating subjective and objective risk-assessment measures for predicting mortality after major surgery: An international prospective cohort study
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Paul S. Myles, Andrew Marshall Wilson, Lisa M. Barneto, Scott Popham, Doug Campbell, James Bedford, Arun Sahni, Laura Cortes, Steve Harris, Richard Shawyer, Helen A. Lindsay, Danny J.N. Wong, and S Ramani Moonesinghe
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Male ,Epidemiology ,Cardiovascular Procedures ,Vascular Surgery ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Logistic regression ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Interquartile range ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Instrument Calibration ,Hospital Mortality ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,Instrumentation ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cancer Risk Factors ,Mortality rate ,Statistics ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Oncology ,Obstetric Procedures ,Surgical Procedures, Operative ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Female ,Risk assessment ,Research Article ,Equipment Preparation ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Death Rates ,Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Risk Assessment ,Decision Support Techniques ,03 medical and health sciences ,Population Metrics ,Clinical Decision Rules ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,Aged ,Population Biology ,business.industry ,Australia ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Perioperative ,United Kingdom ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Logistic Models ,ROC Curve ,Medical Risk Factors ,Observational study ,business ,Mathematics ,Forecasting ,New Zealand - Abstract
Background Preoperative risk prediction is important for guiding clinical decision-making and resource allocation. Clinicians frequently rely solely on their own clinical judgement for risk prediction rather than objective measures. We aimed to compare the accuracy of freely available objective surgical risk tools with subjective clinical assessment in predicting 30-day mortality. Methods and findings We conducted a prospective observational study in 274 hospitals in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and New Zealand. For 1 week in 2017, prospective risk, surgical, and outcome data were collected on all adults aged 18 years and over undergoing surgery requiring at least a 1-night stay in hospital. Recruitment bias was avoided through an ethical waiver to patient consent; a mixture of rural, urban, district, and university hospitals participated. We compared subjective assessment with 3 previously published, open-access objective risk tools for predicting 30-day mortality: the Portsmouth-Physiology and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality (P-POSSUM), Surgical Risk Scale (SRS), and Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT). We then developed a logistic regression model combining subjective assessment and the best objective tool and compared its performance to each constituent method alone. We included 22,631 patients in the study: 52.8% were female, median age was 62 years (interquartile range [IQR] 46 to 73 years), median postoperative length of stay was 3 days (IQR 1 to 6), and inpatient 30-day mortality was 1.4%. Clinicians used subjective assessment alone in 88.7% of cases. All methods overpredicted risk, but visual inspection of plots showed the SORT to have the best calibration. The SORT demonstrated the best discrimination of the objective tools (SORT Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.92; P-POSSUM = 0.89, 95% CI 0.88–0.91; SRS = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82–0.87). Subjective assessment demonstrated good discrimination (AUROC = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86–0.91) that was not different from the SORT (p = 0.309). Combining subjective assessment and the SORT improved discrimination (bootstrap optimism-corrected AUROC = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90–0.94) and demonstrated continuous Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.06–0.20, p < 0.001) compared with subjective assessment alone. Decision-curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the superiority of the SORT over other previously published models, and the SORT–clinical judgement model again performed best overall. Our study is limited by the low mortality rate, by the lack of blinding in the ‘subjective’ risk assessments, and because we only compared the performance of clinical risk scores as opposed to other prediction tools such as exercise testing or frailty assessment. Conclusions In this study, we observed that the combination of subjective assessment with a parsimonious risk model improved perioperative risk estimation. This may be of value in helping clinicians allocate finite resources such as critical care and to support patient involvement in clinical decision-making., Danny Wong and colleagues reveal measures for predicting mortality after surgery., Author summary Why was this study done? Over 3 million postoperative deaths occur worldwide per year. Some of these may be avoidable through risk-assessment–based modification of treatment pathways, such as postoperative critical care admission. There are multiple methods for predicting which patients are at high risk of death or complications from surgery, but these are not widely used, with clinicians instead usually relying on their subjective clinical judgement alone. Before this study, there was little information about whether clinical judgement was of better, worse, or equivalent accuracy to objective risk scores. What did the researchers do and find? We conducted a 1-week cohort study in 274 hospitals in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand, during which we collected data on risk and surgical outcome on every patient who had an operation requiring an overnight stay in hospital. The clinical team (surgeons, anaesthetists) looking after the patient were asked to provide a subjective assessment of risk. We compared these assessments with the results of 3 freely available objective risk-assessment tools. We included data from 22,631 patients in our analyses and found that subjective assessment was as accurate as the best of the objective risk tools (the Surgical Outcome Risk Tool or SORT) for predicting death in hospital within 30 days of surgery. However, combining subjective and objective measurement using the SORT provided an even more accurate estimate. What do these findings mean? The new SORT–clinical judgement calculator can be used by clinicians to risk-stratify patients and so identify which individuals are most likely to benefit from limited resources such as access to postoperative critical care. At the policy level, the tool can be used to plan surgical services, including the number of critical care beds required to serve a surgical population. This study is limited by being conducted solely in high-income countries, limiting its global generalisability.
- Published
- 2020
45. Revitalising audit and feedback by understanding and responding to local contexts
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Cecilia Vindrola, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Duncan Wagstaff, and Naomi Fulop
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,business.industry ,Clinical study design ,030212 general & internal medicine ,General Medicine ,Audit ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Public relations ,business ,Psychology ,Audit and feedback - Abstract
Foy and colleagues summarise the challenges and opportunities for using audit and feedback to improve patient care.1 We agree that research should be embedded to improve the effect of national audits. In addition to the study designs described by Foy et al, an understanding of …
- Published
- 2020
46. Corrigendum to ‘Socioeconomic deprivation and mortality after emergency laparotomy: an observational epidemiological study’ (Br J Anaesth 2020; 124: 73–83)
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Tom Salih, I. D. Anderson, Sonia Lockwood, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Dave Murray, Emma Davies, Jose Lourtie, Carolyn Johnston, Mike G. Bassett, Natalie Eugene, C.M. Oliver, Thomas E. Poulton, Angela Kuryba, Carol J. Peden, Peter Martin, David A Cromwell, Rosalind Raine, Michael P.W. Grocott, and Kate Walker
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,business.industry ,Laparotomy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Epidemiology ,Emergency medicine ,medicine ,MEDLINE ,Observational study ,business ,Socioeconomic status - Published
- 2020
47. Hereditary and Sporadic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current Update on Genetics and Imaging
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Sireesha Yedururi, Anil K. Dasyam, Abdelrahman K Hanafy, Ajaykumar C. Morani, Nisha S. Ramani, Srinivasa R. Prasad, and Venkata S. Katabathina
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Genetics ,endocrine system diseases ,business.industry ,Genetic heterogeneity ,Review ,General Medicine ,Adenocarcinoma ,medicine.disease ,Malignancy ,digestive system diseases ,Lynch syndrome ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Germline mutation ,medicine ,Familial predisposition ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Pancreas ,business ,Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal - Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a genetically heterogeneous, biologically aggressive malignancy with a uniformly poor prognosis. While most pancreatic cancers arise sporadically, a small subset of PDACs develop in patients with hereditary and familial predisposition. Detailed studies of the rare hereditary syndromes have led to identification of specific genetic abnormalities that contribute to malignancy. For example, germline mutations involving BRCA1, BRCA2, PRSS1, and mismatch repair genes predispose patients to PDAC. While patients with Lynch syndrome develop a rare "medullary" variant of adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous tumors are observed in patients with McCune-Albright syndrome. It is now well established that PDACs originate via a multistep progression from microscopic and macroscopic precursors due to cumulative genetic abnormalities. Improved knowledge of tumor genetics and oncologic pathways has contributed to a better understanding of tumor biology with attendant implications on diagnosis, management, and prognosis. In this article, the genetic landscape of PDAC and its precursors will be described, the hereditary syndromes that predispose to PDAC will be reviewed, and the current role of imaging in screening and staging assessment, as well as the potential role of molecular tumor-targeted imaging for evaluation of patients with PDAC and its precursors, will be discussed. Keywords: Abdomen/GI, Genetic Defects, Oncology, Pancreas Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2020.
- Published
- 2020
48. Internet of Things based Remote Patients Observatory System Using Biomedical Sensors
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S. Ramani, N. Prabakaran, M. Anbarasi, S. Rajkumar, and L. Ramanathan
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Multimedia ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Keying ,computer.software_genre ,Microsoft Visual Studio ,Task (project management) ,Machine to machine ,Information and Communications Technology ,Observatory ,Component (UML) ,Health care ,business ,computer ,Mathematics - Abstract
In modern health care environment, meliorations of the IoT based information and communication technologies are broadly utilized for the contraption of licensed medical practitioner and patients. The most difficult task is patient's health issues keying out and unriddling. This is due to weak force and misfortunate mobility of the existing healthcare systems. We propose an IOT based Remote patient's observatory System using Biomedical Sensor. The biomedical component is inclusive of Temperature Sensor, Heart rate sensors and BP sensors. Here in this work a more proficient machine to machine correspondence is accomplished for medicinal services data. This proposed individuals driven detecting framework is proficient in taking care of the issues looked by patients and doctor by checking human exercises and cooperating with the living condition. In this work, three parameter viz., heart beat rate, temperature and Blood Pressure are checked and transmitted. The medicinal services framework setup is mimicked utilizing Visual Studio programming, and the parameters are seen by remote wellbeing application tolerant observing screen.
- Published
- 2019
49. Cancelled operations: a 7-day cohort study of planned adult inpatient surgery in 245 UK National Health Service hospitals
- Author
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Jennifer Morrish, Emily J Robson, Georgina Ashfield, Karuna Kotur, Jashmin Maria, Charlotte Downes, Shweta Patro, Mark Scrutton, George Gladstone, Andy Burton, Paula Mulligan, Wei Lin Allen, Michael McCusker, Dee Leonard, James Edwards, Sarah Dolling, Katherine Pass, Hywel Garrard, Francis Young, Paul Edgar, Elaine Matthews, Douglas Findlay, Helen Whittle, Aillison MacLean, Chris Levett, Claire-Marie Agius, Kim Porter, Nurse Charlotte White, Bridget Campbell, Gemma Scotland, Patrick Haywood, Liz Shenton, Tom Hatton, Laura McAffrey, Jane Hunt, Jaime Carungcong, Sara Owen, Fiona Christie, Lesley Milne, Liza Tharakan, Ruth Smith, Henry Nash, Timothy Gould, Jodie Fitzgerald, Wael Zghaibe, Mark Gaskell, Dushyanthi Jayasekera, Elana Owen, Kinga Dwornik, Amr Ali, Donna Cotterill, Martyn Cain, Peter Wicks, Daniel West, Catriona Walker, Rebecca Lee, Amanda Isaac, Naresh Rajasekar, Sally Collins, Laura Hammon, Tim Hendra, Yemi Adelaja, Mike Pollard, Ellen L. Brown, Matt Clayton, Rachel Bown, Sally Moore, Keyury Desai, Tony Kinsey, Charlotte Dunn, Li Lian Loh, Emelia Passaro, Timothy Faccini, Stephen Linter, Sumant Shanbhag, David Lee, David Restall, Angela Cook, Simon Ripoll, Rachael Bird, Vicky Murray, Alex Wollaston, Daniel Yarwood, Sonia Bhangu, Sahar Biuk, Jenny Ferry, Alexander Michael Stewart, Ceri Lynch, Lucy Sheppard, Denise Webster, Jamie Allen, Merle Cohen, James Hanison, Shilpa Rawat, Prabhakaran Premraj, Gamunu Ratnayake, Clare Bird, Lorna Filby, Clare Allcock, Babak Sedghi, Celly Weegenaar, Dawn Collier, Sreekanth Rayalu Uppugonduri, Amanda Whileman, Su Ying Ong, Jack Carmichael, Victoria O'Loughlin, Barbara Linklater-Jones, Maria Lackmann, Vitul Manhas, Albert Brennan, Alasdair Waite, Andrew Smallwood, Salvatore Bruni, Catriona Barr, Thomas Murphy, Gemma Hudson, Khalid Hasan, Alison J. Campbell, Radu Chiravasuta, Charlotte Maden, Roddy Chapman, Jon Clark, Nauman Iftikhar, Sarah Hagyard, Denis O'Leary, Steven Forde, Joanne Webb, Ryan W Haines, Andrea Galloway, Richard Siviter, Heidi Lightfoot, Hew D.T. Torrance, Christopher Smith, Hollie Robinson-Perrie, Josh Wall, Carina Cruz, Andrew Song, Stephen T. Webb, Nurse Sara-Beth Sutherland, Carol-Ann Woolley, Susan Martin, S.L.M. Walker, George Koshy, Renee Ford, Mona Mubarak, Robert Stuart, Keshava Reddy Burijinti Chenna, Rizana Ghafoor, Katie Hanlon, Fiona Faulds, Hiba Khaled, Richard Jones, Karin Duckett, Cathryn Matthews, Charles Chan, Sanjeewa Ranaweera, Nurse Rebecca Hinch, Richard Shawyer, Jo Cudlip, Marion Ashe, Steve Harris, Ravi K. Alagar, Jonathan Hetherington, Sara Churchill, Yolanda Baird, Maria Tritean, Gabriela Wong, Dermot Moloney, Lee Tbaily, Jonathan Finnity, Norbert Bokor, Peter Indoe, Lucy Stelfox, Simon Marcus, Bryony Burrill, Ellie Roderick, Carina Lilley, Alex Yusaf, Lucy Corbett, Esther Neilly, Christine Ryan, Amon Wijunamai, Katie Atterbury, Abigail Clarke, Josh Patch, Otto Mohr, Ronan Mukherjee, Asokan Krishnaier, Chen Yun-Han, Prasan Panagoda, Polly Rice, Katherine Jones, James Hudson, Sophie Uren, Peter Sutton, Evangelia Poimenidi, Tracy Marsden, Veronica Barnes, Alice Drysdale, Tara Lawrence, Lisa Sharpe, John G. Francis, N. M. Wharton, Claire Kurasz, Marina Iaverdino, Caradog Thomas, Emma Gold, Raj McNab, Tom E.F. Abbott, Claire Dowse, Jane Hamilton, Tony Sutherland, Robert P. Jones, Peter Alston, Daniel Haslam, Philippa Marshall, Bernadette Tilley, Cathleen Chabo, Adam Carpenter, Steve Cole, Nicholas Hooper, Kate Arrow, Alka Shah, Rosie Furness, Susie Chapman, Sachini Dhamaratne, Constandinos Papageorgiou, Michael Girgis, Sandra Pearson, Andrew W. Wood, Jaya Nariani, Sonia White, Christopher Godden, Mary Bellamy, Indra Chadbourn, Laura Parker, Peter Knowlden, Cat Griffiths, Jeanette Smith, David Brooks, Jonathan Smith-Williams, Elizabeth Barnes, Sunil Jamadarkhana, Andrew Feneley, Maria Croft, Tom Disney, Paramesh Kumara, Anna Warrington, Seetal Aggarwal, Zackriah Badsha, Suman Biswas, Suzanne Shuttleworth, Ben Jones, Jose Lourtie, Mark Stubbington, Asya Mussad, Patrick Johnson, Sister Amanda Cowton, James Spargo, Kelly Hard, Annette Fraine, William Weston, Farrukh Ameer, Andrew Prenter, Lisa Bacon, Sunil kumar Chaurasia, Claire Nicholas, Amy Kitching, Sneha Prasad, Catriona Ferguson, Martin P. Huntley, Claire Cameron, Hugh Cutler, Anne Harrison, Kunal Joshi, Anna Cormack, Rebecca Jones, Martin Paul, Jean Bage, Stephen Cole, Usman Razaque, Robert Lewis, David O'Callaghan, Samantha Strong, Victoria Frost, Peter Ip, Victoria Male, Mat Molyneux, Christopher Worth, Michael Brett, Megan Smith, Shayan Arshed, Timothy McMillan, Lorri James, Frances Lay, Jennifer Bennett-Britton, Patrick Colhoun, Alison Shaw, Michael Stewart, Maie Templeton, Karin Gupwell, Mujeeb Khan, Elena Stanton, Chandini Chuni, Janette Brown, Mariam Latif, Rebecca L. Wilson, Felix Fombon, Jo Novaga, Cindy Persad, Matthew Thomas, Maryna Garmash, Metod Oblak, Sarah Maher, Rahul Muddanyake, Morgan Foster, Kris Parker, Tim Sutton, Ndi Ekwere, Samuel Armanious, Mohammad Bhatti, Steve Phillips, Maria Rivero-Bosch, Nick Spittle, David Harding, Henry Hammerbeck, Rose Buckley, Jonathan Hatton, Ahmed Gilani, Ali Watts, Neeraj Bhardwaj, Lesley McShane, Simon Ridler, Martin Murphy, Vandana Goel, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Sophie Scutt, Sanniah Hussain, Hannah Donaldson, Tom Bennett, Helen Boys, David Steven Davies, Bev Hammond, Bryan Yates, Victoria Hawley, Chris Gibb, Ulrika Winstone, Keith Couper, Benedict Williams, Louise Duncan, Georgina Wilson, Anil Hormis, Emily Dana, Jens Full, Amina Chohan, Amanda Ebejer, Sian McKillop, Tomas Bakonyi, Georgina Bird, George Davies, Christina Penny, Helen Thornley, Karen Jewers, Kingsin Ang, Mishell Cunningham, Conny Blunt, Ronald Carrera, Kay Finney, Alvin Soosay, Nagaraj Rao, Jason Mann, Carol Edwards, Richard Lowe, Paul Stevens, Hilary Ashton, Rachel Codling, Rhys Davies, Muthuraj Kanakaraj, Zoe Apple, Kirsty Meats, Tammy Smith, Charmaine Beirnes, John Gardner, Peter Featherstone, Claire Williams, Rohit Mittal, Emma Shinn, Alex Moore, Michael Whitear, Hannah Rose, Paul Kelly, Megan Thomas, Matthew Gibbins, Jack Reid, Caroline Clarke, Victoria Irvine, Bhavesh Pratap, Ella Buchanan, Nurse Francesca Wright, Vatsharlan Santhirapala, Richard Gould, Dionne Dervin, Behzad Sohail, Lauren Duraman, Thecla Scully, Adnaan Qureshi, Muditha Peiris, Thomas Ratcliffe-Law, Samuel J. Clark, Ben Vowles, Sam Keable, Hoda Abou Ghoneim, Becky Morris, Aidan Hulbert, Rachael Craven, Ashish Kundu, Emma M. Casely, Maya Kommer, Tom Poulton, Greg Nussbaum, Ahmad Huda, Caroline Davis, Suzanne Gleeson, Paul Clements, Matt Willis, Isobel Amey, David J. Perry, Rachel Harford, Bianca Hulance, Kirsty Baron, Charlotte Grove, Sergio Dominguez, Susanna Richie-Mclean, John Stones, Ioana Simionescu, Khaled Razouk, Cristina Niciu, Ben Hyams, Mark Doran, Carolyn Colvin, Jonathan Rivers, Raluca Ene, Rebecca Jackson, Jonathan Edgar, Ben Robinson, Lisa Wilkinson-Guy, Aji Mathew, Christopher Patrick, Gauhar Sharih, Ismail Tariq, Andrea Kay, Joshua O'Donnell, Dafydd Watterson, Lail Zaheer, Fiona Reed, Tom Johnson, Christopher Oscier, Mirain Phillips, Edmund Gerrans, Joanna Hackney, Sally M. Dunlop, Elizabeth Willetts, Jiang Yuchen, Lizzie Ashton, Theresa Cooper, Paul W. Davies, Carly Brown, James Small, Julie Lowe, Amarjeet Patil, Filipe Helder, Joshua Cuddihy, Faisal Sheikh, Hayley Tarft, Enid Leung, Adrian Percuin, Paolo Mazzone, Rochelle Rhodes, Jane Pilsbury, Kerry Cullis, Peter Brook, Helen McNamara, Carin Swanevelder, Claire Frith, Adrian Clarke, Stuart Watson, Glenn Vetuz, Zoe Riddell, Drew Welch, Geoff Warnock, Lalani Induruwage, Paul Mallett, Elizabeth Cervi, Santinder Dalay, Supriya Antrolikar, Sinead O'Kane, Toby Hoskins, Stephen Duberley, Sophie Parcell, Jayne Sutherland, Lynn Fairless, Dave Parkinson, Matron Beryl Davis, Abigail Patrick, Jithu Jayan, Nicola Harvey, Catherine Pitman, Donata Banni, Samuel Passey, Omar Alex Pemberton, Becky Sands, Hon Sum Liu, Alexandra Mudd, Sheldon Zhang, Ange Lise John-Baptiste, Thomas Clayton, Charlotte Marriot, Tom Reevell, Nicola Mackenzie, Temitope Aiyedun, Andy Cruickshanks, Jacqueline Gunn, Alison Moss, Martyn Clark, Swetha Rambhatla, Claire Matata, Ben Cracknell, Pauline Mercer, Matthew Morgans, Catrin Williams, Shareef Madhi, Jane Montgomery, George Kohler, Yasir Hameed, Muneeba Ahmed, Glenn Saunders, Anand Kulkarni, Craig Pinner, Lauren Pearce, Vishnu Bhardwa, Judi Ramsey, Meghna Sharma, Rob Hull, Srinivasan Perumal, Julia Critchley, Stephen Hill, Bethany Fitzmaurice, Robert Crichton, Cormac O'Connor, M. Dickinson, Alison Pearce-Smith, Julie Toms, Kathleen Horan, Ammy Dodd, Rachel Crone, Graeme Finnie, Suman Shrestha, Saul Sundayi, Shamini Sivakumaran, Robert Collin, Janine Musselwhite, Yuvaraj Kummur, Mariana Bernardo, Amrinda Sayan, Gabrielle De Selincourt, Laura Bridge, Melissa Rosbergen, Philip Barclay, Garry Davenport, Daniel Murrell, Andrew Drummond, Eireann Allen, Emma Fadden, Subha Arunachalam, David Robinson, Stephanie Dukes, Catherine Jardine, Sunny Bhat, Hemantha Shiva, Amy Kerr, Henry Elms, Anam Asif, Sandra Evans, Girish Rangaswamy, Laura Thomson, Asad Javed, Jenny Shuttleworth Davies, Maren Kleine-Brueggeney, Sian Edwards, Jean-Paul Zahra, Jo simpson, Priya Verma, Bhamini Tharmalingam, Matthew Edmunds, Stephen Adshead, Hannah Luckhurst, Lara Allen, Colin Merrill, Fiona Lyle, Falguni Choksey, Mohyman El Habishi, Holly Notman, Lisa Murthen, Christiana Georgiou, Georgina Singleton, Tim Cook, Melba Knighton, Shirley Pyke, Amit Gadre, Maria Rehnstrom, Helen Hothersall, Anja Kuttler, Anita Boltres, Sarah Williams, Sarah Welch, Yamuna Madhu, Pramod Nalwaya, Alistair Coleman, Jeanie Worthington, Jasmine Samuel, Rajashekar Gowni, Karen Burt, Shamim Haque, Reynard Knoetze, Hakeem Yusuff, Tom Taylor, Val Parkinson, Sheik Pahary, Jonathan Fortune, Natalie Long, David Gilhooly, Karthick Duraisamy, Duncan Baines, Shondipon Laha, Marie Appleby, Jyothi Hosahalli, Christine Catley, Jasmine Jose, Damien Mantle, Dinkar Gowda, Permendra Singh, Ramesh Khoju, Carol Bradbury, Sarah Hazeldine, Karan Kanal, Sonal Lodhi, James Craig, Rachel Wong, Teresa Ferreira, Charis Banks, Ben Chandler, Asia Sarwar, Sivaprakash Vaitheeswaran, Sam Bews, Katie Hunter, Sohan Bisonoothan, Lauren Hunt, Melony Hayes, Nilesh Chauhan, Janet Pickett, Sharon Dealing, Jamie Plumb, Thomas Hollins, Claire Hill, Claire Hindmoor, Nicolas Hooker, Hannah Davis, Laura Mee, Elizabeth Thomas, James Self, Jenny May-Ling Cheung, Jane Varin, Manish Kakkar, Anuj Wali, Omar Siddique, Sophie Earl, Elizabeth Longdon, Alison Meadows, Shafi Ahmed, David MacPherson, Shaima Elnour, Suzi Hale, Ramez Ibrahim, Fei Long, Orlanda Allen, Alice Groves, Mohammed Wahid, Angela Stevens, Carl Ilyas, Richard Robley, Nichola Bleasby, Peter Havalda, Ursula McHugh, Judith Brade, Georgia Monantera, Stuart Younie, Brian Johnston, Jamie Brookes, Linda Park, Graeme Wilson, Mark Greasley, Lohita Nanda, Vineetha Jayakumar, Ian M. Lyons, Ayman Abdu, Paul Athanasopoulos, Justin Woods, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Diane Simpson, Georgina Williamson, Jonathan McCarter, Anil Golhar, Alicia Waite, Claire Halligan, Sarah Anne Leir, Joanne Turner, Matthew O'Meara, Claire Atkinson, Adam Yarnold, Mark Fernie, Rhiann Marie O'Shaughnessy, Jamie Elwood, Laura Harvey, Ali Atrah, Helen Terrett, Sam Scholes, Rebecca E. Saunders, Vin Vyapury, Amir Rafi, Peter Bradley, Srikant Ganesh, Zehrin Nassa, Ulf Buhmann, Laura Carrick, Natalie Rogers, Said Seifalan, Ian Ryder, Jennifer Partridge, Tim Lovell, Martin Priestley, Caroline Wrey Brown, Joanna Moore, Vidhya Nagaratnam, Saba Iqbal, Francesca Mazzola, Samantha Weller, Laura Gould, Helen Johnston, Jenny Spimpolo, Carmen Scott, Stephen J. Brett, Paul Cripps, Amit Kurani, Alexander Knight, Nirav Shah, Pushkar Patankar, Fraser Waterson, Sarah Martindale, Johannes Mellinghoff, Joanne Wootton, Sarah McCormick, Sameer Somanath, Bilal Yasin, Christopher Skeoch, Toby Jacobs, Katrina Eaton, Lynne Connell, Harry Soar, Yvonne Bramma, Tom Gately, Renjith Joseph, Anish Gupta, Lucie Hobson, Charindri Wariyapola, Maryam Zaky, Nimu Varsani, Gerhardus Van Rensberg, Jackie Evans, Rosahn Saleh, William Sutcliffe, Louise Potter, Harvey Dymond, Catherine (Katie) Patton, Andrew Selman, Stephen Traynor, Kate Tizzard, Rumyana Nyathi, Caroline Reavley, Saima Hashmi, Kerry Hughes, Isabelle Sykes, Kate Slade, Anne Troy, David Castillo, Jennifer Quinton, Anne Adams, Joanne Gresty, Stella Wright, Victoria Christenssen, Iain Mooney, Fiqry Fadhlillah, Seema Pai, Gabor Debreceni, Aleinmar Winthein, Denise Griffin, Hannah Beadle, Elisa Kam, Marie Williams, Helen Howes, Tariq Tabiner, Saxon Prentice, James Bedford, Emma Craig, Peter Standen, Stephen Petley, Janaki Pearson, Cheryl Marriott, Harry Barclay, Alexandra Matson, Michael P.W. Grocott, Alison Thorne, Joanne Humphreys, Vishal Patil, Nick Greenwood, Richard Wassall, S.K. Harris, Valpuri Luoma, Dancho Ignatov, Rebecca Fry, Anamika Sehgal, Antonio Paredes-Guerra, Manjula Yadagiri, Yuvraj Doriaswami, Benjamin O'Donovan, Adam Mounce, Stephanie Wright, Linda Webber, Tracy Hazelton, Ethan Bateson, Theresa Garrett, Chris Honstvet, John Scriven, Rahul Dimber, Phillip Lo, Jenny Stead, Catherine Plowright, Rachel Morris, Pallavbhai Desai, Nicola Johnson, Neil Muchatuta, Vijayakumar Gopal, Sherma Turner, Karina Fitzgibbon, John B. Davis, Sarah Patch, Erica Jolly, Rob Gregory, Christopher Lochrin, Geoffrey Ryder, Sam Michlig, Liana Zucco, Susan Nimmo, Jessica Whiston, Sarah Goellner, Rohan Babla, Deborah Skelton, Lucy Mcmanoman, Darcy Pearson, Diane Forrest, Sanjeev Garg, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Joel Perfitt, Danny J.N. Wong, Mike Weisz, Caroline Lowrie, Timothy Alce, Alice Michell, Charlotte Soulsby, Dominic Hayes, Arnab Mandal, Stephanie Ridgway, Angela Willberry, Alka Grover, Simran Minhas, Kerwei Tan, Sharon Jones, Sam Marcangelo, Ben Millette, Hilary Thatcher, Greg Foster, Krishna Balachandar, Megan McAtear, Richard Shellard, Chris Littler, Thunga Setty, Kavita Sasi-Kumar, Theodore Floyd, Duncan Adshead, Stephen Hickey, South Yorkshire Hospitals Audit, Amy Barker, Ewen Cameron, Dawn Trodd, Wendy Nichols, Beth Farr, Mike Salmon, Naomi Fleming, Umairali Ikram, Ben Straughan, Peter J O'Brien, Laura Purandare, Janine Thomas, Elizabeth Wood, Kate Bosworth, Stewart Mckie, Samantha Evans, Tamilselvan Rajamanickam, Srinivasan Dhileepan, Paul Hindmarch, Colin Bergin, Sange Mansoor, Lisa Armstrong, Nagendra Natarajan, Irmeet Banga, Fiona Osborne, Lynne Williams, Pieter Bothma, Jade Woolley, Joanne Finn, Bernd Oliver Rose, Shaman Jhanji, Bennur Katyayani, Gillian Robertson, Laura Bird, Pauline Fitzell, Sally Anne Smith, Serena Yen, Stuart Clelland, Thomas Urwin, Luff Delme, Rocio Ochoa Ferraro, Nurse Cheryl Padilla Harris, Asad Naqvi, Andy Cumpstey, Natalie C. Wood, Samar Al-Rawi, Pulak Padhi, Claire Botfield, Bhavesh Raithatha, Michael Briskoe, Jolyon Cohen, Ben Gibbison, John John, Stephen Washington, Jayne Foot, Karen Chadwick, Naomi Cochrane, Sophie Spencer, Alexandra Gatehouse, Susan Smolen, Aaron D'Sa, John Sturrock, Christopher P Bourdeaux, Kumud Bhandari, Neil Kellie, Elizabeth Denman, Samson Tou, Laura Kettley, Alex Eros, Stuart McLellan, Nicola Ball, Emily Kirk, Sue Smyth, Kim Gibson, Oliver Barker, Mohammad Masood, Dabeeruddeen Ahmed, Geoff Thorning, Jennifer Van Ross, Esme Elloway, Kat Rhead, Sei Nishimura, Maximiliane Kellner, Benjamin Jacobs, Sanjoy Shah, Matthew Stubbs, Faye Moore, Greg Cox, Nishita Patel, Ashok Nair, Elizabeth Hawes, A Espinosa, Kavita Wankhade, Vladimir Bashliyski, Carina Bautista, Susan Lyjko, Michelle Rowe, Nikita Whotton, Julie Temple, Inthu Kangesan, Gemma McIntosh, Samir Nazir, R. N. Kumar, Jen Warren, Alex Coombs, Marilyn Boampomaa, Kaya Jeyarajah, Heather Savill, Claudette Jones, Vinayak Vanjari, Caroline Tierney, Santhana Kannan, Jennifer Aston, Helen Melsom, Valantine Woodham, Nichola White, Niraj Barot, Paolo Perella, Mayumi Vianzon, Padmanabhan Vatsala, Claire Boynton, Alexandra Edwards, Elisa Masoni, Jayne Edwards, Julie Edwards, Thomas Garth, Amanda Skinner, Kate Blethyn, Jonathan Chambers, Katie Ramm, Rosada Jackson, Thomas Coleman, Tracey White, Emma McKenna, Kanchan Umbarje, Thomas Sheppard, Deepa Jumani, Emma Murphy, Peter Lawley, David Howe, Daisy Alston, Ania Dean, Prasun Mukerjee, Julian Hood, Mahmoud Alkholany, Sarah Goff, Gillian Rennie, Bridget Fuller, Ciara Walker, Jonathan Pipe, Alex Eeles, Wai Soon, Catherine McMillan, Martha Wrigley, Neil Brown, Peter Sandbach, Claire McCahill, Anna Wilson Charlotte Yates, Paul Sampson, Natasha Muzengi, Colum Slorach, Moyra Hynd, Arjun Ardeshna, Trish Boateng, James C. Geoghegan, Rhys Williams, Karoline Middleton, Brian Campbell, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Daniel Leslie, Sherrie Samuels, Michael Allan, Ruth Clarke, Christopher Nutt, Kirsten Reid, Hannah Smith, Surabhi Jain, Stephanie Reed, Hywel Evans, Irene Gardner, Ben Griffiths, Guy Shinner, Marek Frenkiel, Jacek Zeber, Gary Minto, Simon Parrington, Louise Harrison, Carlos Kidel, Hawa Desai, Lois Steuart, Claire Hirst, Johann Harten, Marc Slorach, Angela Christofides, Claire Macey, Helen Moore, Chantal Busby, Andrew Robertson, Leanne Milner, Catherine Chapman, Rebecca Reeves, Lawrence Wilson, Alice Aarvold, Lizzie Irvine, Narayanan Suresh, Kirsteen Brown, James Dalton, Sam Miller, Yasir Rashid, Andrew Swain, Liliana Czukowska, Natasha Permall, Carys Durie, Peter Carroll, Lauren Cooper, Prerna Mehrotra, Sarah Clayton, Martina McMonagle, Sarah Buckley, Enoch Onya, Elizabeth Perritt, Domonique Georgiou, Manjeet Save, Lauren Friedman, David W. Hewson, Katherine McAndrew, Simon Morton, James Morgan, Susan Underwood, Helen Bowyer, Avninder Chana, Lucy Sootheran, Kieron Rooney, Pooja Patel, Jessica Summers, Laura Farmer, Kiran Keshvara, Victoria Richardson, Hannah Crowther, Geejo Rappai, Adam E. Green, Sarah Willcock, Smitangshu Mukherjee, Samuel Tyrrell, Geraldine Landers, Claire McAteer, Jennifer Awolesi, Sarah Higgin, Orla O'Neill, Chrissie Chevis, Paul Winwright, Vikram Malhotra, Jonathan Ogor, Maria Muelmenstaedt, Richard Stead, Lindsay Roughley, Sara Balliston, Nevena Kalcheva, Marc Wittenberg, Adrian Taylor, Lydia Shatanda, Anjali Soodan, Angela Moon, Sarah Elgarf, Matthew Roche, Sanchita Bhatia, Clare Howcroft, Emma Butterfield, Emily Gannon, Matthew Needham, Jacqueline McCormick, Daniel Bendel, Victoria Martinson, David Hall, Richard A. Armstrong, Lara Herbert, Beverly Kilner, Kathy Dent, Victoria Thwaites, Issy Thomas, Maggie Peat, Lisa Macbeth, Alex James, Rachel Flight, Nick Black, Elizabeth Boyd, Catherine Gedling, Suzanne Body, Nadine Farrell, Samantha Clayton, Paula Hiltout, Richard Haddon, Bethany Philpott, Victoria A Burgess, John Jackson, Anita Patil, Chris Platt, Lindsey Iles, Chrissy Braybrook, Katherine Morris, Emma Karsten, Minna Meritahti, Anastasia Lynn-Smith, Dorothy Hutchinson, Rebecca Darbyshire, Joanne Riches, Astri Luoma, Andy Gibson, Dushanthi Thurairasa, Roisin Baker, Xantha Holmwood, Alda Remegoso, Trusha Mistry, Sarah Hennell, Suganthi Joachim, Stephen Harris, Sam Eggleston, Melanie Morrison, Boon Ang, Natalie Jackson, Nicola Jones, Zena Haslam, Beata Iwanicka, Laura Graham, King Dhar, Melanie Kent, Daniel Wirth, Umakanth Kempanna, Laura Troth, Robert Orme, D. Campbell, Raquel Duarte, Muzaffar Sheik, Robert Maher, Jon Bramall, Rebecca Coates, Tracey Cosier, Sarah Vest, Kajan Kamalanathan, Graeme Foggo, Amanda Mohabir, Ritoo Kapoor, Precious Basvi, Jamie McCanny, Christian Frey, Bruce Emerson, Anantharaman Venkataraman, Karen Burns, Gail Pottinger, Mohamed Elwkhiee, Farkhunda Waqas, Alison Loftus, Amanda Kirrage, Ilma Songaile, Craig Smith, Jo Mullender, Hannah McPhee, Miriam Namih, Linda Gregson, Rachel K. Walker, Iain K. Moppett, Christine Adamson, Katie Flower, Tina Stoycheva, Beena Parker, Caroline Thompson, Kootharajan Kamraj, Vignesh Ashok, Ranjit Gidda, Istvan Koczka, Sadie Perkin, Vandita Ralhan, Arun Sengottaiyans, Ruth Hodgson, Peter Valentine, David Nunn, John Hickman, Molly Waldron, Lauren Elliott, Irene Echaveznaguicni, Lisa Dunlop, Julian Sonksen, Robert Fallon, Huw Griffiths, Thoy Ruth, Olivia Clancy, Lucy Dudgeon, Alicia Rodgers, Pamela Oracki, Phoebe Syme, Maria Newton, Stuart P. D. Gill, Julie Foxton, Jane Perez, Liam Gleeson, Richard Green, Sally Beer, Rohit Juneja, Loretta Barnett, Alex Bonner, Eunice Emeakaroha, Andrew V. Bradley, Ravishankar Jakkala Saibaba, Dipali Verma, J. Joseph Kinsella, Swee Ang Tung, Anju Raina, Verity Calder, Andrea Ortu, Chris Walmsley, Suneal Sharma, Michelle Reichman, Tom Stocks, Annika Smith, Ross Cruikshank, Sharon Storton, Matyas Andorka, Abhishek Kakkar, Allison Daniels, Priya Datar, Nichola Wakeford, Sheila Black, Usman Choudhry, Stephen Hackett, Huw Wilkins, Kirtida Mukherjee, Tim Green, Rebecca Hill, Ishan Dharmarathna, Jennifer Crooks, Serah Mungai, Luisa Howlett, Niveen El-Wahab, Linda Prasad, Amy Sadler, David Sharpley, Daphne Varveris, Victoria Ashton, Rajeev Jeevananthan, Safia Begum, Helen Anderson, Katherine Nahajski, Vanessa Linnett, Laura Morland, Stephen Mowat, Nenette Abano, Kathryn James, Ian Butler, Madelaine Ocampo, D. Williams, Gabriella Frunza, Wendy Deamer, Dominic Espitalier-Noel, Sian Liddle, Jane McConniffe, Anthony E. Pickering, Lisha Aju, Catherine Morgan, Hao Ern Tan, Jemma Tate, Emma Dooks, Anna Moore, Alison Hardwick, Liam Scott, Zak Rob, Rajeev Jha, Sujesh Bansal, Lynda Connor, Seliat Sanusi, Sophie Mason, Nipun Agarwal, James Woodier, Julian Giles, Lauren Collis, Jill Brown, Natalie Constable, Nichola Cahill, Anne Cowley, Mai Wakatsuki, Kelly Mintrim, Glenn Arnold, Donna Doyle, Ryhs Millington, Richard Dobson, Monica Serrano, Saqib Naji, Walid Hammad, Jacob Osbourne-Wylde, David Rollins, Claudia Paoloni, Nathan Anderson, Rachel Ingham, Alison Whitcher, Vicky Hills, Nina Toms, Jon Witby, Amy Nash, Marcus Fletcher, Jane Gibson, Martin Warin, Katherine McDowall, William Malein, Madhurima Das, Wael Abdelrhamen, Tom Neal, Sister Jenny Ritzema, James Collins, Chandana Rao, Joyce Yeung, Nadeem Shakir, Andrea Weigert, Atideb Mitra, Hari Arunachalam, Amy Morgan, Richard J. Jackson, Julie Chadwick, Debbie Callaghan, Frank Swinton, Lorraine Lock, Rahul Wakhle, Krish Kapoor, Ryan Humphries, Sarah Beavis, John-Paul Cutts, Julie Wilson, Keith Kelly, James Gill, Angela Loughlin, Rhys Rhidian, Christopher McGovern, Tom Hickish, Rachel Campbell, James Pennington, James Tozer, Philip Coakley, Lynn Fenner, Sally Tomkins, Lester Ribeiro, Shabir Qadri, Hristina Petkova, Christina Timmons, Katy Smith, Jonathan Perry, Stephen Crotty, Tanmay Patil, Mayavan Abayalingam, Ahmed Foly, Anna Wahed, Lewys Winfield-Young, Naomi Goodwin, Mark Verlander, Clare Donovan, Milena Vannahme, David Helm, Murali Vallabhaneni, Clare Ingram, Neil Moreland, Lorraine Stephenson, Jenny Jackson, Lindsay McOwat, Sathya Visvendra, Rhiannon Jones, Sarah Bird, M. H. Nathanson, Beryl Jones, Claire Davies, Beena David, Ian Sheldrake, Jeremy Guilford, Sister Bryony Storey, Rajeev Mishra, Irina Halfacree, Kiran Rait, Sameer Ahmed, Victoria Poyntz, Pamela Birks, Tom Kennedy, Angiy Michael, Michael McEvoy, Ian Davies, James Chan, Sajjad Ahmed, Laura Sweeney, Anne Whaley, Andrew Moores, Stella Gillies, Gearoid Crosbie, Antoinette Wilson, Iain Walker, Fiona Brailsford, Virginia Solanki, Elizabeth Turnbull, Lyndon Harkett, Sarah Ramsay, Thomas Syratt, Pushpaj Gajendragadkar, Cathal Small, Joanna Poole, Annabelle Whapples, Raghavendran Krishnaiyan, Elizabeth Smee, Richard Pierson, Taslima Rabbi, Alexandra Murphy, Angela Rooney, Sarah Crawford, Peter Bamford, Stephen Worthy, Sarah Munsie, Lucy Venyo, Henry Wang, Aditya Kuravi, Dennis Barnes, Ruth Han, Benjamin Gupta, Nurse Lynn Wren, Robert Hartley, Emma Edmunds, Laura Blood, Valerie J. Page, Thomas Judd, Puvan Suppiah, Emma Jenkins, Kate Gallagher, Fionnuala Lenehen, Rashidat Adeniba, Julius Cranshaw, Julie Wollaston, Kathryn Allison, Richard Kirkdale, Samantha Griffith-Norris, Jenna Kelly, Snehasish Guha, Stefan Schraag, Joy Dearden, Elizabeth Bell, Stephen Smith, Sarah Longhurst, Elizabeth Wilby, Annaliza Sevillano, Raksha Mistry, Aalisha Mariam Karimi, Kaung Pyae, Sarang Puranik, Maggie Collingborn, Karen Cranmer, Chandrashekhar Vaidyanath, M. Chincholkar, Narendra Siddaiah, Gillian Bell, Edward Rintoul, Nicki Devooght-Johnson, Tom Lovejoy, Eleanor Roscoe, Zoe Neilson, Joanne Hill, Kamal Sharif, Sharon Meehan, Bassey Nkanang, Thomas Georgiou, Martin Goodman, Prashant Kakodkar, Rebecca Martin, Philip Roddam, Evanna McEvoy, Peter Tsim, Janakan Anandarajah, Shub Gupta, Oliver Pratt, Yang Ng, Francesca Th'ng, Linda Kent, Graham Soulsby, Danielle Kirk, Ramana Govindaraju, Rebecca McClean, Samantha Harkett, Obaid Tarin, Shalini Chinna, Susan Gallagher, Laura Gardiner, Marc Turnbull, James Briscoe, Anna McSkeane, Melanie Claridge, Gillian Fleming, Thomas Huttley, Elaine Spruce, Lianne Hufton, Susan Hendy, Adrian Barry, Jeremy Drake, Cody Allen, James Hillier, Manju Patel, C. Gray, Nasreen Iqbal, Karen Markwell, Linzi Heaton, Michelle Nicholas, Gary Lau, Laura Catchpole, Nurse Sonia Walia, Kerry Elliott, Jake Hartford-Beynon, Amee Samani, Kathryn King, José William Martínez, Skylar Paulich, Ifan Patchell, Killian McCourt, Rebekah Rodgers, Christine Wood, Richard Wan, Karan Verma, H. W. Cain, Eleonore Quinn, Lisa Richardson, Muhammad Usman Latif, Nicholas Hingley, Rajesh Gilla, Roopa McCrossan, Mayeth Recto, Russell Hedley, Lucy McClelland, Suzie Marriott, Deepak Seharawat, Gururaj Mudimadagu, Claire Jones, Michelle Yare, Sophia Henderson, Rupinder Kaur, Emily Spence, David Wright, Bhaskar Dutta, Tom Pettigrew, Vikki Atkinson, Lorna Sissons, Segun Oladele, Sue Thomas, Hani Ali, Rebecca Robson, David Buckley, Kevin Hamilton, Amanda Hall, Anaesthetic Audit, Anna Watkin, Donna Kelly, Graham White, Sarah Sanders, Henry Boyle, Joao Galente, Thomas Williams, Justin Ang, Sarah Horton, Abdelrahman Soliman, Vijay Jeganath, Kavita Upadhyaya, Plamen Stoyanov, Murray Geddes, Alan Pope, Khaled Ellisy, Thomas Walker, Emma Finlay, Penny Parsons, McDonald Mupudzi, Adam Duffen, James Goodwin, Rob Penson, Laura O'Sullivan, Vinesh Mistry, Ravindra Mallavalli, Krzysztos Guz, Deepti Bhuwanee, Eleanor Andrews, Justine Burns, Sarah Kirk, Faith Kibutu, Sam Stafford, Julia Blackburn, Joellene Mitchell, Robert Spencer, Helen Williams, Karen Riley, Gabbie Young, Tom Williams, James Wu, Emma Wheatley, Alistair Johnstone, Rachel Stoeter, Timothy Cominos, Guy Coady, Ruth Mawhinney, Sam Spinney, ruthy Arumugam, Myura Nagendram, Jason Lie, Sian Hughes, Linda Bairkdar, Peter Evans, Daniel Pygall, Graeme Brown, Susan Livingstone, Norbert Skarbit, Amit Pruthi, Zakaulla Belagodu, Ben Linton-Willoughby, Richard A Cowan, Helena Prady, Mike Raffles, Sonia Rasoli, Katherine Cullen, Jessica Lees, Peter Lax, Ashok Puttapa, Fran Millinchamp, Aneta Oborska, Benita Adams, Kathryn Newton, Mrutyunjaya Rao Rambhatla, Sunny Nayee, Madlena Ivanova Vrazhalska, Jonathan Clarke, Aariana Sohal, Siobhan King, James Bain, Jessica Wilson, Anthony Carver, Jack Davies, Lucy Connolly, Samuel Morrish, Robyn Lee, Lucia Stancombe, Satyanarayan Jakkampudi, Kath Rosedale, Philip Hopkins, Clovis Rau, Katherine Hunter, Amy Farrow, Kathleen Holding, Elizabeth Vassell, Oliver Boney, Julia Icke, Ewa Prusack, Osi Egole, Fiona Linton, Suresh Eapen, Wendy Goddard, Ayda Borjian Boroojeny, Simon J. Davies, Jackie Terry, Fiona Graham, Thomas Pratt, Hanzla Naeem, Viv Colclough, Yeng Yap, Tejuswi Patel, Susan Midgley, Mark MacGregor, Ben Marshall, Talitha Devries, Cheng Ong, Katie Molloy, Kat Walker, Katy Irwin, Abbas Majeed, Mark Pinkerton, Nicki Russell, Sibtain Anwar, Ian A Jenkins, Lucy Allen, Elaine Coulborn, Ganesh Nair, Stewart Brown, Melissa Addy, Matt Milner, Amr Hassan, Victoria Millar, Sarah Turner, Gary Baigel, Amanda Lyle, Simon Young, Kathy Malinovszky, Heather Short, Mary Newmarch, Colin McAdam, Andrew Robert Bailey, Kevin Draper, Michael Agyemang, Kieran Oglesby, Clare Mewies, Ruth Ugochukwu, Shibu Jacob, Susan O'Connell, Charlotte Topham, Xiao Zhao, Shay Willoughby, Ossian Aukland Child, Manish Torne, Ben Wetherell, Divya Veluvolu, Dominic Wu, Elizabeth Evans, Daniel Eden, Suzannah Peggler, Lucy Emmett, Romit Samanta, Ravi Parekh, Jane Hermanowski, Will Shankey-Smith, Sam Papadopoullos, Julie Camsooksai, Sara Mistry, James Wigley, Anna Todd, Bally Purewal, Natalie Baldry, Kate Wilkinson, Aalia Sange, Kirsty Baillie, Joanne Topliffe, Denise McSorland, Saheli Das, Nikki Staines, Catherine Harris, Anna-Marie Boniface, Gemma Milne, Tessa Rowlands, Leanne Quinn, Svetlana Kulikouskaya, Christopher Bull, Angus Sutherland, Mihir Desai, Hannah Goodhand, Meenal Rana, John Bugo, Maria Chazapis, Sarah Kent, Sarah Siew, Marcin Pachucki, Tim Forsyth-Jones, John McKenna, Sarah Driscoll, Laura Hunter, Penny Bedoes, Natasha Santana-Vaz, Sandra Latham, Robert Coe, Sharon Christie, Lawrence R Kidd, Katy Redington, Alastair Sawyer, Abdalla Ali, Rekha Jayapal, Manfred Staber, Emma Pearson, Stuart Reilley, Tom Bird, Kristofor Inkpin, Annette Haines, Manish Verma, Naomi Wee, Ozerah Choudhry, Daniel Tucker, Euan Campbell, Aaron Stokes, Ashley Allan, Emma Reeves, Helen Fenner, Melanie Cockroft, Tom Nicholls, Sinan Bahlool, Sharon Drake, Nalini Sethia, Lesley Jordan, Martin Northey, Paul Glyn Jones, Lara Jeanes, Emma Simpson, Julia Brown, Samantha Coetzee, James Nicholas, Adam Samways, Ritesh Ganesh, Martin Ward Platt, Mizan Khondoker, Helen Wibberley, Lauren Simmonds, Sunita Agarwal, Linda Titinchi, Fran O'Higgins, David Pritchard, Laura Beard, Yvonne Lester, Charlotte Hirst, Louise Wills, Kevin Windsor, Haren Jyothiraj, Carmela Martella, Stephanie Bell, Christopher Nwaefulu, Hemamangala Venkatesh, Camilla Stagg, Soumi Ghosh, Thomas Dawes, Jennifer Lockhart, Stavros Papadopoulos, Nanci Doyle, Gillian Whalley, Rachael Britton, James Goddin, Maggie Dawson, Carole Holder, Elaine Morsman, Rachel Lovatt, Venu Mehta, John J.B. Allen, Anna Perham, Stephanie Wallis, Dmitry Zabauski, Peter Hart, Tracy Sharp, Martin Pope, Jo Knight, Jane Wright, Nageena Hussain, Josie Snell, Thomas Knight, Philippa Hill, Nic Martins, Robin Williams, Beverley Stidolph, Beth Peers, Brian Lafferty, Alicja A'Court, Joanna Collins, Charlie Kennedy, Andy Bates, Graham Walkden, Mia Marsden, Lauren Shillito, Poonam Bopanna, Raheel Ahmed, Ada Ezihe-Ejiofor, Kate Driver, Mevan Gooneratne, Carolyn Smith, Caroline Abernethy, Kathy Shammas, Chanice Alcock, Yin Yong Choo, Mark Vertue, Ratna Makker, Victoria C. Smith, Sachin Mehta, Clare Denford, Wint Mon, Jose Miguel Sabugueiro, Liz Varghese, Mohamed Ahmed, Rebekah Chan, Alexandra Williams, Stephanie Pauling, Maria Faulkner, Ryan Wilkins, Sara Stevenson, Kathryn Simpson, Moiz Alibhai, Patricia Williams, Pascal Defeyter, Siva Sangaralingham, Lucy Evans, Shirley Cocks, Simon Dyer, William Rea, Caroline Renton, Karl Braid, Ranjit Bains, Holly Owen, Sue Brixey, Calum Taylor, Laura Coleman, Andrew Peeling, Daniel Solomon, Christopher Perman, Roisin McCallum, Helen Church, Martin Watson, Amy Bamford, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Elizabeth Turner, Owen Vale, Suneetha Ramani Moonesinghe, Preeti Mahidik, Lynsey Cubitt, Catherine Hunter, Eleanor Warwick, Sam McAleer, Suresh Singaravelu, James Hilton, Rebecca Aspinall, Icel Souleimanova, Muna Elsheikh Idris, Wei Teo, Sarah El-Sheika, Adrienne Stewart, Sadia Habib, Emily Wade, Liesl Despy, Sharmin Shohelly, Colin Williams, Louise Shaw, Shree Voralia, Dafydd Lloyd, Barbara A. Crooks, Laura D Howe, Una Gunter, Edward Hare, Louise Nimako, Ruth Young, Helen Doherty, Sock Huang Koh, Stephen Merron, Martina Coulding, Agilan Kaliappan, Clare Bolton-Hill, Jill Wain, Maria O'Callaghan, Catherine Cartmell, Nicola Pemberton, Hannah Bennett, Lynda Garcia, Riquella Abbott, Sally Jeffrey, Thomas McLoughlin, Andrew Gratrix, Christopher Harrison, Matt Mackenzie, Jayshree Gracey, Chris Moore, Benjamin Parsons, Nehal Patel, Stephanie Brooks, Catherine Riley, Jemma Gilmore, Ilya Kantsedikas, Simon Whiteley, Emily Pallister, Angie Organ, Yohinee Rajendran, Gopinath Selvraj, Priya Thorat, Ilona Schmidt, Pauline Austin, Nitin Madhukar Sadavarte, James Haddock, Alastair Duncan, Richard Bateman, Elaine Chinery, Martin Gray, Felicity Corcoran, Shanelle Tharuka Wijesuria, Bryany Bond, Charlene Otieno, Sion Lewis, Cieron Roe, Dan Freshwater-Turner, Annette Bolger, Sarah Steynberg, Louie Saclot, Charlotte Busby, Jack Roberts, Richard Dagnan, Jasna Comara, Krishnakar Melachuri, Sian Gibson, Joanne Taylor, Manju Agarwal, Mark Sheils, Matthew Bell, Rosemary Anna Lewis, Kiran Patel, Mansoor Siddiqui, Christopher J. Groves, Mini Thankachen, Sharon Turney, Viral Dalal, Pele Banugo, Andrew Baird, Euan Kerr, Simon Tomlins, Laura Osbourne, Nicola Pattison, Stuart Joy, Susan Merotra, Lorna Ryan, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Chye Siaw, Keelan Jerram, Nurse Diane Scarletta, Carole Paley, Jennie Smith, Will Gatfield, Stephen Alderson, Claire Swarbrick, Amelia van Manen, Stephan Clements, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Jake Drinkwater, John McLenachan, Lucinda Williams, Dianne Heaton, Sandor Orosz, Chloe O'Hara, Nina Barratt, Justine Elliot, Michael Gardner, Nicola Crowther, Bharati Rajdev, Linda Hall, Youssef Girgis, Michael Kinsella, Alison Potter, Matthew Martin, Rosie Reece-Anthony, Richard Pugh, Tracey Taylor, Esme Marshall, Wendy Stoker, Helen Worrell, Kay Housley, Rebecca Leslie, Helen Jewitt, Sandeep Sharma, Maire Gallagher, Jon Fenn, Jade Harrison, Hannah Watson, Natalie Morris, Lewis Schofield, Nisha Pattni, Charlotte Thomas, Eleanor Walshe, Richard Snooks, Ruth Murphy, Emily Pickford, Gnanshree Krishnamurthy, Donna McIntosh, Rachel Dolan, Emma Stoddard, Kelly Goffin, Shady Elhallous, Adrian Butler, Ildiko Nemeth, Hannah Wilson, James Sylvester, Melanie Sahni, James Wardlow, Ann Lachana, Emma Barr, Kayleigh Gilbert, Yazzim Hammoud, Peter Csabi, Maqsood Bajwa, James D Turner, Alex Hunt, Samantha Moore, Stephanie Hii, Philip Atkinson, Michelle Walter, Elizabeth Bailey, Frances Tait, Annie Newby, Jane Martin, Greg Forshaw, Bert Quartermain, Sally Humphreys, Aoife Hegarty, Caroline Bennett, Satyajeet Ghatge, Charles Prior, Kribashnie Nundlall, Priaykam Chowdhury, Jill Fitchett, Daiva Bernotaitis, Sandeep Varma, Alex Dunn, Rebecca Dooley, Mahamed Mostafa, Shelly Wood, James Humphreys, Anna Celnik, John Bailes, Mark Snazelle, Christina McCarroll, Matthew Govier, Emert White, Matthew Taylor, Alastair Rose, Brigid Hairsine, Natalie Whybro, Allen George, Robin Wilson, Filipe Vieira, Leon Cohen, Jonathan Womack, Thomas Woodward, Nimali Lochanie, Ben Howes, Joshua Nelson, Preea Gill, Gayle Clifford, Lushani Suntharanathan, Duncan Wagstaff, Steve Pryn, Lalindra Bandara, Sneh Shah, Nowfal Rahman, Iolo Roberts, Mirriam Sangombe, Shaik Subhani, Hannah Phelan, William Udall, Katy Allan, Nicola Zondo, Tim J Peters, James Roe, Catherine Addleton, Angus McKnight, James McCaul, Flora Kormendy, Anil Rao, Luke Vamplew, Andrew Rees, Jeanette Gilbert, Mandy Austin, Thomas Hunt, Sian Birch, Catherine Lloyd, Stewart D'Sylva, Jill Smith, Wendy Lum Hee, Michael Munro, Jean Denton, Julia Hindle, Alice Brown, Ursula Kirwan, Dinithi Yogya, Maria Mclaughlin, Nurse Louise Moran, Larysa Duniec, Sophie Benoliel, Gail Evans, Linda Bailey, Colin Hall, Katie Rowland, Krupali Patel, Ashwini Keshkamat, Zorba Begum, Resti Varquez, Victoria Apps, Giles Bond-Smith, Shirin Dastur, Andy Chapman, Amy Smith, Sarada Gurung, Ruth Delascasas, Nicole Issit, Pauline Sibley, Jaina Parmar, George Madden, Eveliina Nurmi, Katja van de Snepscheut-Jones, Louise Peacock, Vanja Srbljak, Kellie Allen, Andy Chamberlain, Suhail Zaidi, Andrew Boyle, Daniel Stolady, Rita Saha, Mark Clayton, Mitul Patel, Emily King, Hannah Oliver, Ewa Werpachowska, Holly Coles, John Dereix, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Clare Watkinson, David Rogerson, Laurence Inman, Jaspreet Rayet, Jenny Finch, Emma Stewart, K. E. Wilson, Emma Tyson, Asif Gani, Reni Jacob, Neil Smith, Johnny Holland, Max Richardson, Mark Chen, Richard George, Helen Laycock, Anoushka Winton, Emily Hignell, Li Fang, Emma Welfare, Rochelle Velho, Fayaz Baba, Finbar O'Sullivan, Lisa Zeidan, N. Beauchamp, Neil Rasburn, Guy Rousseau, Victoria Roberts, Hollie Bancroft, Holly Maguire, Mechele Couch-Upite, Rahul Kumar, Chandra Bhimarasetty, Matt Lovell, Sujata Anipindi, Charlotte Small, Matthew Faulds, Alex Mattin, Alice O'Donnell, James Jack, Richard Boulding, Tarek Mostafa, Rhian Bull, Corinne Pawley, Ruth Killen, Jessica Lowe, Frances Taylor, Ethel Black, Michael F. M. James, Jenny Child, Lisa Emery, Kim Hoyland, David Hay, Janet Cotta, Josephine Stewart, Sue Spearritt, Laura MacNally, Fatma Lahloub, Katie Welham, Sanjoy Bhattacharyya, Shanteela McCooty, Heena Bidd, Hugo Buckley, Ervin Shpuza, Zaid Ahmed, Emily Craven, Amanda Cook, Caroline Dixon, Tara Pauley, Tariq Azad, Helena Barcraft-Barnes, Sindy Lee, Kate Penhaligon, Bernice Dudkowsky, Karen Ellis, Laura Montague, Ching Pang, Elsie Bickmore, Veronica Marsh, Toby Winterbottom, Marta Campbell, Rhys Hughes, Issie Gardner, Elizabeth Steel, Ramai Santhirapala, Katie Sweet, Michelle Scott, John Ekpa, Bhavia Janardhana, Catriona Frankling, Julia Ottaway, Alexander Middleditch, Elna Cifre, Annabel Pearson, Amanda Cotterill, Sarah Raut, Hannah Blanshard, Sara Eddy, Garry Henry, Elizabeth Hood, Maria Loy, Matthew Campbell, Marc Gimenez, Jessica Thrush, Jeremy Henning, Vlad Kushakavsky, Nikolaos Makris, Deborah Fradkin, Karen Fan, Fiona Hammonds, Kathryn Jackson, John Hadfield, Pyda Venkatesh, David Read, Daniel Zeinali, Ryan Hynd, James Carvell, Richard McCormick, Emily Dodds, Sana Rizvi, Amelia Daniel, Dan Sellers, Thomas E. Miller, Daniel Haigh, Nicky Moss, Patrick Dill-Russell, Priya Shekar, Teresa Melody, Randeep Dhaliwal, Nigel Hollister, Andrew Burtenshaw, Adrian Wagstaff, Ben Scoones, Eduardo Osorio, Joanna Allison, Lucy Willsher, Carol McArthur, Stephan Dalchow, Elaine Winkley, Eleanor Reeves, Ben Eden Green, Andrea Ingham, Mohammad Auldin, Freda Amoakwa-Adu, Jonathan Adams, Fiona Oglesby, Charlotte Steeds, Nurse Sara Greig, Obla Suganthi, Puja Chhaniyara, Clare De'Ath, Chandrakant Gosavi, Bart Ordys, Adele Flowerdew, Doug Tunney, Rachel Alexander, Oliver Griffith, Thomas Saunders, Matthew Maton-Howarth, Gabi Metiu, Akmal Shakoor, Elizabeth Willard, Katherine Russell, Matthew Robinson, Emma O'Kane, Meera Raja, Phillippa Falkner, Kerry Colling, Natasha Joshi, Laura Pearse, Tim J. Smith, Anitha James, Mona Mohamed, Richard Kennedy, Samson Ma, Tasmeen Ghafoor, Matthew N. Davies, Henry Lewith, Samuel Mindel, Sarah-Jane Dunn, Hemangini Barot, Sadie Diamond-Fox, Jenny Macallan, Arun Menon, Helen Farrah, Emma Plunkett, Brendon Spooner, Sorana White, Katie Samuel, David Crabtree, Katherine Cheshire, Gareth Harrop, Dionne Wortley, Tim Warrener, Joanne Mullen, Peter Taysum, John Whitaker, Kathy Wilkinson, Jean Dent, Nicola Farmer, Thelma Darian, Guru Hosdurga, Phillipa Wakefield, Christopher W Horner, Julie Steen, Elena Teh, Helen Gerrish, Betty Travasso, Mhairi Jhugursing, Michelle Gardener, Alexandra Crook, Edward W. Miles, Patricia Doble, Ashok Raj, Hanna Wong, Kay Protheroe, Chiraag Talati, Banher Sandhu, Cara Marshall, Matt Holl, Julie Sheriff, Frances Forrest, Adam Mitchell, Hindusha Keerthikumar, Mohamad Mahmoud, Simon Ben-Nathan, Janice Hartley, Danielle Ormandy, Hayleigh Morris, Steven Tran, Imogen Hayes, Trudy Smith, Kirsty Duell, Jennifer Cunningham, Richard Appleton, Lucy Pippard, Debroah Beeby, Hayley Bridger, Manuel Pinto, Susan Beames, Huiqi Wang, Cain Hunter, Flora Darch, Debbie Weller, Jonathan Hulme, Jacqueline Howes, Michael Kriger, Badrinath Manikundalam, D.J.N. Wong, Tim Arnold, Belinda Wroath, Rachel McKendry, Harry Knight, Caroline Bushell, Victoria Siddons, Louise Humphries, Joanne Vere, Vinanti Cherian, Janine Birch, Kate Blyth, Tatyana Bolonenkova, Meredith Harris, Alice Sisson, Sarah Clark, Sandeep Saxena, Samira Green, Amit Ranjan, Gillian Bennett, Chris Smales, Laura Ferguson, Ash Bharti, Francisca Mautadin, Katherine Brown, Lydia Jones, Christopher Adeney, Nikkita Carden, Sanjay Behl, Sonia Sathe, Elizabeth Neale, Helen French, Charlotte Mundy, Anna Batchelor, David Morris, Nithin Roy, Evelyn Philip, P.A.-A. Marc Hastie, Andrea Cole, Edmund Quak, Claire Totten, Karen McIntosh, Fiona Davis, Søren Kudsk-Iversen, Vanessa Unsworth, Andrew McIndoe, Jeremy Bewley, Sarbpreet Sarao, Laura Wood, Elaine Walker, Egidio Da Silva, Danielle Gilmour, Richard Yardley, Zara Eagle, Vijay Ragothaman, Sean Rayappu, Moira Tait, Alex Hamilton, Chris Gillett, Adeel Majeed, John Elton, Arlo Whitehouse, Fiona Robertson, Tim Martindale, Kin So, Kathryn Dixon, Toby Shipway, Fiona Mcneela, Simon Cousins, Brian Conway, Merate Place, Phil Duggleby, Rhian Morgan, Racquel Carpio, Carina Casey, Edward Mew, Jo Han Gan, Caroline Clark, Natasha Sharma, Kay Anne Mak, Gahan Bose, Chris Ford, Ruoling Yan, Anand Sathiapillai, Panagiotis Sgardelis, Sue Redhead, Arjun Alva, Cathy Jones, Vincent Hamlyn, Gemma Squires, Karen Smallshaw, John Whitwell, Sarah Shaw, Paul Watson, Michelle Cheeseman, Kimberley Netherton, Juneenath Karattuparambil, Niyesa Ranasinghe, Jeet Patel, Rob Lyons, Gemma Bown, Helen Bromhead, Zhana Ignatova, Kudakwashe Nyangoni, Linden Baxter, Thomas Moody, Sachin Valap, Esme Sleap, Mario Fernandes, Kinga Bodo, Jane Silk, Charlie Pope, Donna Ferraioli, Chloe Billingham, Rachel Butterworth, Andrew Kelly, Lesley Hawkins, Issac Gill, Hannah Greenlee, Sue Kirby, Jessica Giles, Anna Pierson, Roxana Sandhar, Claire Smyth, Rhona Younger, Ciara Coary, Arif Qureshi, Tahir Abbas, Corinne Rimmer, James Evans, Ida Ponce, Fenner Christoper, Buzz Shephard, Sophie Tang, Lauren Milian, Joanne Hiden, Dhania Haron, Jamie Calderwood, David Freeman, Virginia McTaggart, Carla Lewis, Chai Obeysekera, Alan H. Cohen, Melvin Leong, Jenni Law, Noor Elahi, Kim Holland, Victor Maduekwe, James Garwood, Lizzie Dawson, Virginia Iqbal, Thomas J Craig, Daniel Shuttleworth, Anand Perumal, Mahmood Saad, Seema Charters, Bethany Tookey, P Gunning, Suresh Panchakshariah, I.J. Wrench, Mayur Murali, Susan McInerney, Paul Foley, Charlotte Perkins, Marie-Louise Svensson, Karen Birnie, Samantha Hagan, Emily Hetherington, Anna-Marie Love, Annette Woods, Karen Green, Steve Hillier, Hannah Conway, Rebecca Reilly, Laura Bubb, Amy Ashford, Andrew Savva, Melody MacGregor, Stephen Lord, Ahmed Hassanin, Ramdas Howard, Laura Ashton, Arihant Jain, Simon Williams, Michael Shaw, Jill Deane, Abbie Singleton, Catriona Routley, Christopher Hall, Robin Webber, Tressy Pitt-Kerby, Stuart M. White, Shannon Gawley, Nick Heseltine, Christina Lalani, Claudia Dulea, Arindam Biswas, Rebecca Harris, Aislinn Brown, Nicholas Francis, Ben Holst, Ryan Perry, Cathie Melvin, Mark Darbyshire, Stephen Mulvany, Amy Ashton, Petrus Fourie, Emma Temlett, Jason Cupitt, Vanisha Patel, Alice Trimble, Andrew Brammar, Sarah Grayland, Eleanor Pett, Tom Standley, Carly Webb, Manamohan Rangaiah, Laura Peltola, Leanne Darwin, Yvonne Grimes, Elizabeth Brodier, Scott Berwick, Adam Janeczko, Madeleine McKee, Katherine Davidson, Jan Woodward, Saurabh Mehotra, Tara Keogh, Kofi Mensah, Joyce Guy, James King, Matt Aldridge, Nicolas Price, Alaine Done, Teresa Jones, Julia Sampson, Smita Bapat, Lauren Perkins, Tamas Szelei, Ryan Kingan, Suleman Mulla, Celia Montgomery, Alex Belcher, Salma Kadiri, Bryan Singizi, Peter Chater-Lea, Jennifer Claire Taylor, Lauren Oswald, Stephanie L. Lee, Rhys Griffiths, Samuel Pestell, John Livesy, Sarah Ciechanowicz, Alexander Stephen Harrison, Richard Partridge, Alex Daniels, Beth Penhaligan, Lyndsay Bibb, Jonathan Little, Margaret Cullen, Anya Eijk, Charlotte Earnshaw, Elena Lynes, Nicholas Jenkins, Inthekab Mohammed Ali, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Vusumuzi Shabangu, Paul-Simon Whitney, Rebecca Denyer, Kathryn Potts, Andrew Ray, Jonny Guy, Mike (Stephen) Kinsella, Pearl Baker, Olga Fernandez, Julian Berry, Callum Forbes, Southcoast Peri-operative Audit, Rebecca Rice, Lisa Horner, Sally Pitts, Kirat Panesar, Joe Stevens, Timothy Molitor, Oon Chiu, Piers Murphy, Sudeshkumar Muniyappa, David George, Jonathan Veitch, Shifa Yaruk, Lynn O'Donohoe, Theresa Murray, Laura Tasker, Johanna Wales, Diane Mellers, Robert Sparrow, Olivia Ward, Emma Shacklock, Janet Middle, Sarah MacLennan, Martin Knight, Lindsay Dawson, Teodora Orasanu, Jo Fletcher, Sarah Martin, Pnt Laloë, Gregor Imrie, Harriet Pudge, Tamsin Gregory, Andrea Wood, Colin Christie, James Penketh, Mia Andrews, Nicky Ford, Ellie Fisher, Sophie Robin, Richard Stewart, Steve Williams, Harriet Gardiner, Alison Evans, Guanmei Luo, Urmila Ratnasabapathy, Ruth Joslyn, R. Sneyd, John Westwood, Naomi Cassells, Olivia Kay, Jordi Margalef, S Butler, Hari Nageswaran, Chloe Searles, Geoffrey Wright, Thomas Potter, Drew Norwood-Green, Jonathan Ramsden, Sarah Bean, Emma Sadler, Anaesthetic Trainees, Stephanie Lewis, Kevin E. Thorpe, Sarah MacLean, Paul Ogle, Mary O'Sullivan, Diane Whitehouse, Mandy Oakley, Rachel Coathup, Harisg Venkatesh, Lisa Burgess, Daniela Smith, Kimberley Plummer, Hilary Robb, Jeanette Grocott, Rebecca Mairs, Helen Gilfillan, Moira Morrison, Sharon Garner, and Tammy Towers
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,State Medicine ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,030202 anesthesiology ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Young adult ,Prospective cohort study ,health care economics and organizations ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Health Facility Size ,Postoperative Care ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Health services research ,Operating room management ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,United Kingdom ,Surgery ,Obstetrics ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Hospital Bed Capacity ,General Surgery ,Female ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,human activities ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background: cancellation of planned surgery impacts substantially on patients and health systems. This study describes the incidence and reasons for cancellation of inpatient surgery in the UK NHS. Methods: we conducted a prospective observational cohort study over 7 consecutive days in March 2017 in 245 NHS hospitals. Occurrences and reasons for previous surgical cancellations were recorded. Using multilevel logistic regression, we identified patient- and hospital-level factors associated with cancellation due to inadequate bed capacity. Results: we analysed data from 14 936 patients undergoing planned surgery. A total of 1499 patients (10.0%) reported previous cancellation for the same procedure; contemporaneous hospital census data indicated that 13.9% patients attending inpatient operations were cancelled on the day of surgery. Non-clinical reasons, predominantly inadequate bed capacity, accounted for a large proportion of previous cancellations. Independent risk factors for cancellation due to inadequate bed capacity included requirement for postoperative critical care [odds ratio (OR)=2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.12–4.02; PConclusions: a significant proportion of patients presenting for surgery have experienced a previous cancellation for the same procedure. Cancer surgery is relatively protected, but bed capacity, including postoperative critical care requirements, are significant risk factors for previous cancellations.
- Published
- 2018
50. U.S. approaches to entrepreneurship education
- Author
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George T. Solomon, Ravi S. Ramani, and Nawaf Alabduljader
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Entrepreneurship ,Business education ,business.industry ,Best practice ,Learning theory ,Social entrepreneurship ,Context (language use) ,Sociology ,Public relations ,Social issues ,business - Abstract
This chapter offers some important conceptual and theoretical background information regarding entrepreneurship education. It provides a definition of entrepreneurship education and a historical context of the growth of entrepreneurship education. The chapter explains how entrepreneurship education differs from traditional business education. It distinguishes between two major types of entrepreneurship education courses - small business management courses and new venture courses. The chapter provides an overview of learning theories relevant to entrepreneurship. It presents a brief discussion about the impact of entrepreneurship education. The chapter provides the state of the art in United States entrepreneurship education and best practices based on the 2014 National Survey of Entrepreneurship Education. Social entrepreneurship is playing a bigger role in venture success, with many millennials giving increased attention and value to the social causes behind businesses. The chapter concludes with a view of future directions and areas of improvement in entrepreneurship education.
- Published
- 2018
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