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Mortise-and-tenon joints have been widely used for thousands of years in wooden architectures in virtue of their artistic and functional performance. However, imitation of similar structural and mechanical design philosophy to construct mechanically adaptive materials at the molecular level is a challenge. Herein, we report a mortise-and-tenon joint inspired mechanically interlocked network (MIN), in which the [2]rotaxane crosslink not only mimics the joint in structure, but also reproduces its function in modifying mechanical properties of the MIN. Benefiting from the hierarchical energy dissipative ability along with the controllable intramolecular movement of the mechanically interlocked crosslink, the resultant MIN simultaneously exhibits notable mechanical adaptivity and structural stability in a single system, as manifested by decent stiffness, strength, toughness, and deformation recovery capacity.

Owing to their low density, high porosity and unique micro-nanostructures, aerogels are attractive for application in various fields; however, they suffer from shrinkage and/or cracking during preparation, mechanical brittleness, low production efficiency and non-degradation. Herein, we introduce the concept of dynamic covalent polymer chemistry to produce a new class of aerogels—referred to as DCPAs. The resulting lightweight DCPAs have the potential to be prepared on a large scale and feature high porosity (90.7%–91.3%), large degrees of compression (80% strain) and bending (diametral deflection of 30 mm) without any cracks, as well as considerable tensile properties (an elongation with a break at 32.7%). In addition, the DCPAs showcase the emergent characteristics of weldability, repairability, degradability and closed-loop recyclability that are highly desirable for providing versatile material platforms, though hardly achieved by traditional aerogels. Taking advantage of their robust porous structures, we demonstrate the potential of DCPAs for applications in thermal insulation and emulsion separation. These findings reveal that the dynamic covalent bond strategy would be generalized for the production of a new generation of aerogels with customized features for functioning in the field of intelligent and sustainable materials.

This study aims to examine the food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the students from nursing, education and medical colleges. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3454 college students in Chongqing, China in 2016. On food safety knowledge, the medical students scored the highest (10.29 ± 2.54) and the nursing students scored the lowest (8.51 ± 2.56). On food safety attitudes, the education students scored the highest (40.07 ± 5.88) and the medical students scored the lowest (39.53 ± 5.34). On food safety practices, the education students scored the highest (27.06 ± 4.59) and the nursing students scored the lowest (24.66 ± 4.82). The differences on food safety KAP scores among three school categories were all statistically significant (p

Owing to their low density, high porosity and unique micro-nanostructures, aerogels are attractive for applications in various aspects, but at the same time, suffer from shrinkage and/or cracking during preparation, mechanical brittleness, low production efficiency, and non-degradation. Herein, we introduce the concept of dynamic covalent polymer chemistry to produce a new class of aerogelsreferred to as DCPAs. The resulting light DCPAs display large-scale preparation prospect and feature high porosity (90.7-91.3%), large degrees of compression (80% strain) and bending (diametral deflection of 30 mm) without any cracks, as well as considerable tensile property (elongation at break of 32.7%). In addition, our DCPAs showcase emergent characteristics of weldability, repairability, and closed-loop recyclability that are highly desirable for affording versatile materials platforms but hardly achieved by traditional aerogels. Benefiting from the robust porous structures, we demonstrate the potential of the DCPAs for applications in thermal insulation and emulsion separation.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major health problem around the world. Two previous meta-analyses showed that the spa therapy has a positive effect on reducing pain among patients with LBP based on studies published before 2006 and studies published between 2006 and 2013. In recent years, more studies reported the effect of spa therapy on treating chronic low back pain (CLBP). Our study aimed to update the meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effect of spa therapy on treating CLBP and to examine the effect of spa therapy based on different interventions. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until May 2018 to identify RCTs about spa therapy among patients with CLBP. Summary effect estimates were calculated by using a random-effects model. The quality of each eligible study was evaluated by Jadad checklist. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and were included in meta-analysis. There was a significant decrease in pain based on visual analogue scale (VAS) (mean difference [MD] 16.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] [9.57, 22.57], P < .00001, I = 88%, n = 966), and lumbar spine function in Oswestry disability index (ODI) (MD 7.12, 95% CI [3.77, 10.47], P < .00001, I = 87%, n = 468) comparing spa therapy group to control group. Methodological assessment for included studies showed that the study's quality is associated with lacking blinding. Conclusion: This updated meta-analysis confirmed that spa therapy can benefit pain reliving and improve lumbar spine function among patients with CLBP. Physiotherapy of subgroup analysis indicated that it can improve lumbar spine function. However, these conclusions should be treated with caution due to limited studies. More high-quality RCTs with double-blind design, larger sample size, and longer follow-up should be employed to improve the validity of study results.

Health literacy is important in public health and healthcare, particularly in effective communication between patients and health professionals. Although most medical students will eventually work as health professionals after graduation, research on health literacy of medical students is scarce. This study aimed to assess the health literacy level of medical students in Chongqing, China, and its influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 1,275 participants (250 males and 1,022 females) who majored in five different disciplines were involved. The Health Literacy Questionnaire was used as the survey tool. The junior students obtained the highest scores, whereas the freshman students had the lowest scores on each scale. The average score of males was higher than that of females except in "feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers," and the average score of students who reside in urban areas was higher than that of students in rural areas. Moreover, the average score of engineering students was higher than that of medical or health sciences students. Multiple linear regression models (Radj2 = 0.435, P = 0.000) showed that the grade, socioeconomic status, and parent's highest level of education were positively correlated with health literacy. In conclusion, the health literacy levels of the medical students are insufficient and need improvement.

Background Health literacy is important in public health and health care, particularly in effective communication between patients and nurses. The aim of this study was to explore the health literacy level and its influence factors in undergraduate nursing students. Methods We did a cross-sectional study by stratified sampling of nurses studying at the medical university in Chongqing, south-western China. Nurses had to attend class, be willing to participate, and be younger than 28 years. We used the health literacy questionnaire (HLQ), which was created by Osborne and colleagues, to assess literacy. Analyses were done with χ 2 tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression models. We set the low health literacy to scores lower than 60% of the total score and the high health literacy to scores higher than 80% of the total score. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (record number 2015002). And we obtained written informed consent from all participants. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (record number 2015002). Findings Between March 23, 2015, and April 16, 2015, a total of 612 undergraduate nursing students filled the survey, 316 were in grade one, 168 in grade two, and 128 in grade three. The total score of HLQ was 40·00; the mean score of HLQ was 26·18 (SD 3·95). The mean scores of HLQ in nine scales, including (1) feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers, (2) having sufficient information to manage my health, (3) actively managing my health; (4) social support for health, (5) Appraisal of health information, (6) ability to actively engage with health-care providers, (7) navigating the health-care system, (8) ability to find good health information, and (9) understand health information well enough to know what to do were 2·16 (SD 0·57), 2·54 (0·47), 2·60 (0·49), 2·88 (0·46), 2·61 (0·46), 3·24 (0·76), 3·16 (0·69), 3·42 (0·65) and 3·56 (0·61), respectively. Participants with higher grades were more likely to have higher scores than those with lower grades in scales 1 to 9 (F=30·852, p Interpretation Our findings indicate that the health literacy levels of the undergraduate nursing students are insufficient. We suggest that school should pay more attention to cultivate nursing students' health literacy level. Funding This project was supported by the Humanity and Social Science Foundation of China's Ministry of Education (15YJA860020).

Unlike most other natural languages, Chinese language displays a considerable amount of semantic information at the character level; the case is especially true when looking at the components (radicals) comprising Chinese characters. Radicals (bushou) show important semantic impacts on Chinese characters. Most published papers have focused on word and phrase level of Chinese semantic analysis. In this paper, we study the semantics strength of Chinese radicals by comparing the radicals' semantics with the meaning of the character. We investigate on the spatial patterns of radicals and map radicals and characters' semantics to WordNet synsets hierarchy; we compare their semantics relationships and discover the semantics strength of Chinese radicals.