Author: "Rosenheim BE" / Topic: business - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

232 results on '"Rosenheim BE"'

1. Comparison of home ambulatory type 2 polysomnography with a portable monitoring device and in-laboratory type 1 polysomnography for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in children

Author: Anne Marie O'Donnell, Jennifer Maul, Andrew Wilson, Stephen M. Stick, Ellen Rosenheim, and Adelaide Withers
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Polysomnography, Gold standard, Monitoring, Ambulatory, medicine.disease, Scientific Investigations, respiratory tract diseases, Obstructive sleep apnea, Neurology, Child, Preschool, Ambulatory, Physical therapy, Humans, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Child, Laboratories, Sleep, business
Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare type 2 polysomnography (T2PSG) to the gold standard type 1 in-laboratory polysomnography (T1PSG) for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children; validate home T2PSG in children with suspected OSA. METHODS: Eighty-one participants (ages 6–18) with suspected OSA had simultaneous T1PSG and T2PSG in the sleep laboratory, 47 participants (ages 5–16) had T1PSG in the sleep laboratory and T2PSG performed at home. Sleep scientists staged and scored polysomnography data, and pediatric sleep physicians assigned a diagnosis of normal or OSA. Participant demographics, polysomnography variables, and diagnoses were compared using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests for nominal variables, t test for continuous variables and Cohen’s kappa to assess concordance. RESULTS: Acceptable recordings were obtained for every home T2PSG. When T1PSG and T2PSG were simultaneous, correlation between the number of arousals, respiratory disturbance index, and sleep stages was excellent. T2PSG at home demonstrated less stage 2 sleep, more rapid eye movement sleep, and higher sleep efficiency. Comparison of home T2PSG to T1PSG for diagnosing OSA showed a false-positive rate of 6.6% and false-negative rate of 3% for those performed at home. CONCLUSIONS: T2PSG in the home is feasible with excellent concordance with T1PSG for the purposes of diagnosing OSA in children aged 5–18 years. Home T2PSG may be more representative of a “normal” night for children and could benefit those suspected of having OSA by reducing waiting times for laboratory PSG, improving access to PSG and possibly reducing costs of investigating and treating OSA. CITATION: Withers A, Maul J, Rosenheim E, O’Donnell A, Wilson A, Stick S. Comparison of home ambulatory type 2 polysomnography with a portable monitoring device and in-laboratory type 1 polysomnography for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in children. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(2):393–402.
Published: 2022

2. A FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSDISCIPLINARY RADIOCARBON RESEARCH: USE OF NATURAL-LEVEL AND ELEVATED-LEVEL 14C IN ANTARCTIC FIELD RESEARCH

Author: Mark L. Roberts, Alan R. Gagnon, Trista J. Vick-Majors, Kathy Kasic, Wei Li, Billy Collins, Mark D. Kurz, Brad E. Rosenheim, Ryan A Venturelli, and John C. Priscu
Subjects: Protocol (science), Archeology, Research use, Research groups, Elevated level, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Isotopic tracer, Natural (archaeology), law.invention, law, Field research, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Radiocarbon dating, business
Abstract: Radiocarbon (14C) is an isotopic tracer used to address a wide range of scientific research questions. However, contamination by elevated levels of 14C is deleterious to natural-level laboratory workspaces and accelerator mass spectrometer facilities designed to precisely measure small amounts of 14C. The risk of contaminating materials and facilities intended for natural-level 14C with elevated-level 14C-labeled materials has dictated near complete separation of research groups practicing profoundly different measurements. Such separation can hinder transdisciplinary research initiatives, especially in remote and isolated field locations where both natural-level and elevated-level radiocarbon applications may be useful. This paper outlines the successful collaboration between researchers making natural-level 14C measurements and researchers using 14C-labeled materials during a subglacial drilling project in West Antarctica (SALSA 2018–2019). Our strict operating protocol allowed us to successfully carry out 14C labeling experiments within close quarters at our remote field camp without contaminating samples of sediment and water intended for natural level 14C measurements. Here we present our collaborative protocol for maintaining natural level 14C cleanliness as a framework for future transdisciplinary radiocarbon collaborations.
Published: 2021

3. Deaggregation of multi-hazard damages, losses, risks, and connectivity: an application to the joint seismic-tsunami hazard at Seaside, Oregon

Author: Nathanael Rosenheim, Sabarethinam Kameshwar, Daniel T. Cox, and Dylan R. Sanderson
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, education.field_of_study, Community resilience, Geospatial analysis, Computer science, business.industry, Population, Environmental resource management, computer.software_genre, Hazard, Natural hazard, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Damages, Water supply network, Resilience (network), education, business, computer, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: This paper presents a methodology to deaggregate the results of a multi-hazard damage analysis by extending the traditional multi-hazard damage analysis to consider both population characteristics and independent hazards. The methodology is applied to the joint seismic-tsunami hazard at Seaside, Oregon, considering four infrastructure systems: (1) buildings, (2) transportation network, (3) electric power network and (4) water supply network. Damages to all infrastructure systems are evaluated, and the networked infrastructures are used to inform parcel connectivity to critical facilities. US Census data and a probabilistic housing unit allocation method are implemented to assign detailed household demographic characteristics at the parcel level. Six dimensions of deaggregation are introduced: (1) spatial, (2) hazard type, (3) hazard intensity, (4) infrastructure system, (5) infrastructure component, and (6) housing unit characteristics. The damages, economic losses and risks, and connectivity to critical facilities are deaggregated across these six dimensions. The results show that deaggregated economic loss and risk plots can allow community resilience planners the ability to isolate high-risk events, as well as provide insights into the underlying driving forces. Geospatial representation of the results allows for the identification of both vulnerable buildings and areas within a community and is highlighted by the spatial pattern of parcel disconnection from critical facilities. The incorporation of population characteristics provides an understanding of how hazards disproportionately impact population subgroups and can aide in equitable resilience planning.
Published: 2021

4. Effect of Residential Building Wind Retrofits on Social and Economic Community-Level Resilience Metrics

Author: Wanting Wang, John W. van de Lindt, Nathanael Rosenheim, Diego Calderon, Brad Hartman, Jong Sung Lee, and Harvey Cutler
Subjects: Community resilience, Open source, Geography, business.industry, Natural hazard, Small footprint, Environmental resource management, food and beverages, Economic community, Tornado, business, Resilience (network), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Tornadoes occur at a high frequency in the United States compared with other natural hazards but have a substantially small footprint. A single high-intensity tornado can result in high cas...
Published: 2021

5. Vascular origin in acute transient visual disturbance: A prospective study

Author: Amélie Yavchitz, Rabih Hage, Olivier Gout, Cédric Lamirel, Catherine Vignal, Julien Savatovsky, Pierre Amarenco, Michael Obadia, Pierre Seners, Samuel Bidot, Elena Meseguer, Philippa C. Lavallée, Michel Rosenheim, Candice Sabben, and Kevin Zuber
Subjects: Diplopia, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Amaurosis fugax, Emergency department, Neurovascular bundle, Confidence interval, Cohort Studies, Stroke, Neurology, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Visual Disturbance, Cohort, medicine, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Prospective Studies, medicine.symptom, Prospective cohort study, business, Aged
Abstract: Background and purpose This study was undertaken to validate a clinical score of vascular origin in patients with acute transient visual disturbances (TVDs) without diplopia. Methods We conducted a prospective study in an ophthalmology emergency department and a transient ischemic attack (TIA) clinic. Patients underwent clinical evaluation including a tailored questionnaire, brain, vascular, and ophthalmologic investigations, and 3-month follow-up. TVDs were classified according to vascular or nonvascular origin by three independent experts based on all clinical, cerebrovascular, and ophthalmologic investigations, but blind to the questionnaire results. A clinical score was derived based on clinical variables independently associated with a vascular origin, and was externally validated in an independent cohort. Results An ischemic origin of TVD was found in 45% (67/149) of patients in the derivation cohort. Age and six questions were independently associated with an ischemic origin. A nine-point score (≥70 years old = 2; monocular visual loss = 2; black or white vision = 1; single episode = 1; lack of headache = 2; diffuse, constricted, altitudinal, or lateralized visual loss pattern on drawings = 1) showed good discriminative power in identifying ischemic origin (c-statistic = 0.82) and was replicated in the validation cohort (n = 130, 25% of ischemic origin, c-statistic = 0.75). With a score ≥ 4, sensitivity was 85% (95% confidence interval = 68-95) and specificity was 52% (95% confidence interval = 41-62). In both cohorts, ophthalmologic evaluation found a vascular cause in 4% and was noncontributive in 85%. After 3 months, no patients had a stroke, TIA, or retinal infarct. Conclusions Our score may assist in predicting a vascular origin of TVD. Ophthalmologic evaluation, when not readily available, should not delay the neurovascular evaluation.
Published: 2021

6. Blood transcriptional biomarkers of acute viral infection for detection of pre-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nested, case-control diagnostic accuracy study

Author: Rishi K Gupta, Joshua Rosenheim, Lucy C Bell, Aneesh Chandran, Jose A Guerra-Assuncao, Gabriele Pollara, Matthew Whelan, Jessica Artico, George Joy, Hibba Kurdi, Daniel M Altmann, Rosemary J Boyton, Mala K Maini, Aine McKnight, Jonathan Lambourne, Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas A Treibel, James C Moon, Benjamin M Chain, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Hakam Abbass, Aderonke Abiodun, Mashael Alfarih, Zoe Alldis, Oliver E Amin, Mervyn Andiapen, João B Augusto, Georgiana L Baca, Sasha NL Bailey, Anish N Bhuva, Alex Boulter, Ruth Bowles, Olivia V Bracken, Ben O'Brien, Tim Brooks, Natalie Bullock, David K Butler, Gabriella Captur, Nicola Champion, Carmen Chan, David Collier, Jorge Couto de Sousa, Xose Couto-Parada, Rhodri H Davies, Brooke Douglas, Cecilia Di Genova, Keenan Dieobi-Anene, Mariana O Diniz, Anaya Ellis, Karen Feehan, Malcolm Finlay, Marianna Fontana, Nasim Forooghi, Celia Gaier, Joseph M Gibbons, Derek Gilroy, Matt Hamblin, Gabrielle Harker, Jacqueline Hewson, Lauren M Hickling, Aroon D Hingorani, Lee Howes, Alun Hughes, Gemma Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Ivie Itua, Victor Jardim, Wing-Yiu Jason Lee, Melaniepetra Jensen, Jessica Jones, Meleri Jones, Vikas Kapil, Kai-Min Lin, Sarah Louth, Vineela Mandadapu, Áine McKnight, Katia Menacho, Celina Mfuko, Oliver Mitchelmore, Christopher Moon, Diana Munoz Sandoval, Sam M Murray, Ashley Otter, Corinna Pade, Susana Palma, Ruth Parker, Kush Patel, Babita Pawarova, Steffen E Petersen, Brian Piniera, Franziska P Pieper, Daniel Pope, Maria Prossora, Lisa Rannigan, Alicja Rapala, Catherine J Reynolds, Amy Richards, Matthew Robathan, Genine Sambile, Nathalie M Schmidt, Amanda Semper, Andreas Seraphim, Mihaela Simion, Angelique Smit, Michelle Sugimoto, Leo Swadling, Stephen Taylor, Nigel Temperton, Stephen Thomas, George D Thornton, Art Tucker, Jessry Veerapen, Mohit Vijayakumar, Sophie Welch, Theresa Wodehouse, Lucinda Wynne, Dan Zahedi, Medical Research Council (MRC), and UKRI
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Standard score, Sensitivity and Specificity, Corrections, Microbiology, Virology, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, COVIDsortium Investigators, QR355, Receiver operating characteristic, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Risk of infection, COVID-19, Gold standard (test), Articles, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Nested case-control study, Biomarker (medicine), Female, business, Viral load, Biomarkers
Abstract: Summary Background We hypothesised that host-response biomarkers of viral infections might contribute to early identification of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, which is critical to breaking the chains of transmission. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of existing candidate whole-blood transcriptomic signatures for viral infection to predict positivity of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. Methods We did a nested case-control diagnostic accuracy study among a prospective cohort of health-care workers (aged ≥18 years) at St Bartholomew's Hospital (London, UK) undergoing weekly blood and nasopharyngeal swab sampling for whole-blood RNA sequencing and SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, when fit to attend work. We identified candidate blood transcriptomic signatures for viral infection through a systematic literature search. We searched MEDLINE for articles published between database inception and Oct 12, 2020, using comprehensive MeSH and keyword terms for "viral infection", "transcriptome", "biomarker", and "blood". We reconstructed signature scores in blood RNA sequencing data and evaluated their diagnostic accuracy for contemporaneous SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared with the gold standard of SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, by quantifying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivities, and specificities at a standardised Z score of at least 2 based on the distribution of signature scores in test-negative controls. We used pairwise DeLong tests compared with the most discriminating signature to identify the subset of best performing biomarkers. We evaluated associations between signature expression, viral load (using PCR cycle thresholds), and symptom status visually and using Spearman rank correlation. The primary outcome was the AUROC for discriminating between samples from participants who tested negative throughout the study (test-negative controls) and samples from participants with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (test-positive participants) during their first week of PCR positivity. Findings We identified 20 candidate blood transcriptomic signatures of viral infection from 18 studies and evaluated their accuracy among 169 blood RNA samples from 96 participants over 24 weeks. Participants were recruited between March 23 and March 31, 2020. 114 samples were from 41 participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 55 samples were from 55 test-negative controls. The median age of participants was 36 years (IQR 27–47) and 69 (72%) of 96 were women. Signatures had little overlap of component genes, but were mostly correlated as components of type I interferon responses. A single blood transcript for IFI27 provided the highest accuracy for discriminating between test-negative controls and test-positive individuals at the time of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result, with AUROC of 0·95 (95% CI 0·91–0·99), sensitivity 0·84 (0·70–0·93), and specificity 0·95 (0·85–0·98) at a predefined threshold (Z score >2). The transcript performed equally well in individuals with and without symptoms. Three other candidate signatures (including two to 48 transcripts) had statistically equivalent discrimination to IFI27 (AUROCs 0·91–0·95). Interpretation Our findings support further urgent evaluation and development of blood IFI27 transcripts as a biomarker for early phase SARS-CoV-2 infection for screening individuals at high risk of infection, such as contacts of index cases, to facilitate early case isolation and early use of antiviral treatments as they emerge. Funding Barts Charity, Wellcome Trust, and National Institute of Health Research.
Published: 2021

7. Integration of detailed household and housing unit characteristic data with critical infrastructure for post-hazard resilience modeling

Author: Roberto Guidotti, Walter Gillis Peacock, Nathanael Rosenheim, and Paolo Gardoni
Subjects: Physical infrastructure, Community resilience, Geography, Planning and Development, Building and Construction, Environmental economics, Hazard, Critical infrastructure, Social system, Business, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Resilience (network), Spatial analysis, Social vulnerability, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: This paper presents a methodology that generates and links high-resolution spatial data on households and housing units with heterogeneous characteristics (i.e., size, tenure status, occupi...
Published: 2019

8. Probabilistic framework for evaluating food security of households in the aftermath of a disaster

Author: Maria Perez, Hussam Mahmoud, Bruce R. Ellingwood, Nathanael Rosenheim, and Saeed Nozhati
Subjects: 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Food security, Natural resource economics, Food availability, Mechanical Engineering, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, fungi, 0211 other engineering and technologies, food and beverages, 020101 civil engineering, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Critical infrastructure, 0201 civil engineering, Natural hazard, Threatened species, Income level, Business, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Probabilistic framework, Resilience (network), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: For households of all income levels, and especially for those that are food insecure, food access can be threatened by natural hazards. Extreme natural hazards can disrupt critical infrastructure s...
Published: 2019

9. Multiple sclerosis: Is there a risk of worsening after yellow fever vaccination?

Author: Catherine Goujon, C. Papeix, Catherine Lubetzki, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Bruno Stankoff, Jean-Sébastien Vidal, Elisabeth Maillart, C. Bensa, Julie Mazoyer, Odile Launay, Valérie Pourcher, Serge Mrejen, Céline Louapre, Anne-Laure Dubessy, and Michel Rosenheim
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Yellow fever vaccine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Yellow fever vaccination, Yellow Fever, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Retrospective Studies, Potential risk, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Yellow fever, Vaccination, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: Yellow fever vaccine (YFV) is not advised for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients because of the potential risk of post-vaccine relapses. Objective: To assess the risk of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) worsening after YFV. Methods: Non-interventional observational retrospective, exposed/non-exposed cohort study nested in the French national cohort including MS. Results: 128 RR-MS were included. The 1-year annualized relapse rate (ARR) following YFV did not differ between exposed: 0.219 (0.420) and non-exposed subjects: 0.208 (0.521) ( p = 0.92). Time to first relapse was not different between groups (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53–3.30, p = 0.54). Conclusion: These results suggest that YFV does not worsen the course of RR-MS.
Published: 2021

10. Community resilience assessment of an EF-5 tornado using the IN-CORE modeling environment

Author: Harvey Cutler, Maria Koliou, Jong Lee, Nathanael Rosenheim, Diego Calderon, J. W. van de Lindt, and Wanting Wang
Subjects: Computable general equilibrium, education.field_of_study, Community resilience, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Population, Fragility, Geography, Natural hazard, Household income, Tornado, Resilience (network), business, education
Abstract: Tornadoes occur at a high frequency in the United States compared with other natural hazards but have a substantially smaller footprint. Even a single high-intensity tornado can result in high casualty rates and associated catastrophic economic losses as well as social consequences, particularly for small to medium communities. The city of Joplin, Missouri, USA, was hit by an EF-5 tornado on May 22, 2011. The Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning simulated this event for buildings and the electrical power network of Joplin in an open source computational environment called IN-CORE. The initial damage prediction utilized the tornado path, tornado fragility curves representative of a 19-archetype building dataset, and EPN datasets. The functionality of the infrastructure was linked with a computable general equilibrium (CGE) economics model that computes household income, employment, and domestic supply before and after the tornado event occurrence. Detailed demographic data was allocated to each structure to provide resilience metrics related to population impacts such as population dislocation as a function of tenure status of households. This example demonstrates how users interact with the IN-CORE computational environment.
Published: 2021

11. Evaluating the Quality of Ecoinformatics Data Derived From Commercial Agriculture: A Repeatability Analysis of Pest Density Estimates

Author: Jay A. Rosenheim
Subjects: Integrated pest management, Data collection, Insecta, Ecology, business.industry, Big data, Reproducibility of Results, Context (language use), Agriculture, General Medicine, Biology, Data set, Heteroptera, Ecoinformatics, Insect Science, Data quality, Statistics, Animals, Pest Control, business, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract: Each year, consultants and field scouts working in commercial agriculture undertake a massive, decentralized data collection effort as they monitor insect populations to make real-time pest management decisions. These data, if integrated into a database, offer rich opportunities for applying big data or ecoinformatics methods in agricultural entomology research. However, questions have been raised about whether or not the underlying quality of these data is sufficiently high to be a foundation for robust research. Here I suggest that repeatability analysis can be used to quantify the quality of data collected from commercial field scouting, without requiring any additional data gathering by researchers. In this context, repeatability quantifies the proportion of total variance across all insect density estimates that is explained by differences across populations and is thus a measure of the underlying reliability of observations. Repeatability was moderately high for cotton fields scouted commercially for total Lygus hesperus Knight densities (R = 0.631) and further improved by accounting for observer effects (R = 0.697). Repeatabilities appeared to be somewhat lower than those computed for a comparable, but much smaller, researcher-generated data set. In general, the much larger sizes of ecoinformatics data sets are likely to more than compensate for modest reductions in measurement precision. Tools for evaluating data quality are important for building confidence in the growing applications of ecoinformatics methods.
Published: 2021

12. Blood transcriptional biomarkers of acute viral infection for detection of pre-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author: Hibba Kurdi, Matthew Whelan, Gabriele Pollara, Jonathan Lambourne, James C. Moon, Rosemary J. Boyton, José Afonso Guerra-Assunção, Jessica Artico, Joshua Rosenheim, Daniel M. Altmann, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Thomas A. Treibel, Aneesh Chandran, Charlotte Manisty, Mala K. Maini, Lucy C K Bell, George Joy, Rishi K Gupta, Áine McKnight, and Benjamin M. Chain
Subjects: Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Convalescence, media_common.quotation_subject, Confidence interval, Virus, Immunology, Biomarker (medicine), Medicine, Prospective cohort study, business, Viral load, media_common
Abstract: We hypothesised that host-response biomarkers of viral infections may contribute to early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, critical to breaking chains of transmission. We identified 20 candidate blood transcriptomic signatures of viral infection by systematic review and evaluated their ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to the gold-standard of virus PCR tests, among a prospective cohort of 400 hospital staff subjected to weekly testing when fit to attend work. The transcriptional signatures had limited overlap, but were mostly co-correlated as components of type 1 interferon responses. We reconstructed each signature score in blood RNA sequencing data from 41 individuals over sequential weeks spanning a first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR, and after 6-month convalescence. A single blood transcript for IFI27 provided the highest accuracy for discriminating individuals at the time of their first positive viral PCR result from uninfected controls, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.91–0.99), sensitivity 0.84 (0.7–0.93) and specificity 0.95 (0.85–0.98) at a predefined test threshold. The test performed equally well in individuals with and without symptoms, correlated with viral load, and identified incident infections one week before the first positive viral PCR with sensitivity 0.4 (0.17–0.69) and specificity 0.95 (0.85–0.98). Our findings strongly support further urgent evaluation and development of blood IFI27 transcripts as a biomarker for early phase SARS-CoV-2 infection, for screening individuals such as contacts of index cases, in order to facilitate early case isolation and early antiviral treatments as they emerge.
Published: 2021

13. Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

Author: Writing Group (denotes joint first author) James, C Glasbey (UK), Dmitri Nepogodiev (UK), Joana FF Simoes (Portugal), Omar Omar (UK), Elizabeth Li (UK), Mary, L Venn (UK), Mohammad Abou Chaar (Jordan), Vita Capizzi (Italy), Daoud Chaudhry (UK), Anant Desai (UK), Jonathan, G Edwards (UK), Jonathan, P Evans (UK), Marco Fiore (Italy), Jose Flavio Videria (Portugal), Samuel, J Ford (UK), Ian Ganyli (USA), Ewen, A Griffiths (UK), Rohan, R Gujjuri (UK), Angelos, G Kolias (UK), Haytham MA Kaafarani (USA), Ana Minaya-Bravo (Spain), Siobhan, C McKay (UK), Helen, M Mohan (Ireland), Keith Roberts (UK), Carlos San Miguel-M&#233, ndez (Spain), Peter Pockney (Australia), Richard Shaw (UK), Neil, J Smart (UK), Grant, D Stewart (UK), Sudha Sundar (UK), Raghavan Vidya (UK), Aneel, A Bhangu (UK, Statistical analysis Glasbey JC, Overall guarantor)., Omar, O (Lead statistician), Bhangu, A CovidSurg Operations Committee Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Ruth, A Benson, Edward, Bywater, Daoud, Chaudhry, Brett, E Dawson, Jonathan, P Evans, James, C Glasbey, Rohan, R Gujjuri, Emily, Heritage, Conor, S Jones, Sivesh, K Kamarajah, Chetan, Khatri, Rachel, A Khaw, James, M Keatley, Andrew, Knight, Samuel, Lawday, Elizabeth, Li, Harvinder, S Mann, Ella, J Marson, Kenneth, A McLean, Siobhan, C Mckay, Emily, C Mills, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Gianluca, Pellino, Maria, Picciochi, Elliott, H Taylor, Abhinav, Tiwari, Joana FF Simoes, Isobel, M Trout, Mary, L Venn, Richard JW Wilkin, International Cancer Leads (denotes specialty Principal Investigators) James C Glasbey (Chair), Aneel Bhangu., Colorectal: Neil, J Smart, Ana, Minaya-Bravo, Susan, Moug, Dale, Vimalchandran, Abigail, Vallance, Peter, Pockney, Oesophagogastric: Ewen, A Griffiths, Richard PT Evans, Philip, Townend, Hepatopancreatobilary: Keith Roberts, Siobhan, McKay, John, Isaac, Sohei, Satoi, Thoracic: John Edwards, Aman, S Coonar, Adrian, Marchbank, Edward, J Caruana, Georgia, R Layton, Akshay, Patel, Alessandro, Brunelli, Sarcoma: Samuel Ford, Anant, Desai, Alessandro, Gronchi, Marco, Fiore, Max, Almond, Fabio, Tirotta, Sinziana, Dumitra, Neurosurgery: Angelos Kolias, Stephen, J Price, Daniel, M Fountain, Michael, D Jenkinson, Peter, Hutchinson, Hani, J Marcus, Rory, J Piper, Laura, Lippa, Franco, Servadei, Ignatius, Esene, Christian, Freyschlag, Iuri, Neville, Gail, Rosseau, Karl, Schaller, Andreas, K Demetriades, Faith, Robertson, Alex, Alamri, Head and neck: Richard Shaw, Andrew, G Schache, Stuart, C Winter, Michael, Ho, Paul, Nankivell, Juan Rey Biel, Martin, Batstone, Ian, Ganly, Breast: Raghavan Vidya, Alex, Wilkins, Jagdeep, K Singh, Dinesh, Thekinkattil, Gynaecology: Sudha Sundar, Christina, Fotopoulou, Elaine, Leung, Tabassum, Khan, Luis, Chiva, Jalid, Sehouli, Anna, Fagotti, Paul, Cohen, Murat, Gutelkin, Rahel, Ghebre, Thomas, Konney, Rene, Pareja, Rob, Bristow, Sean, Dowdy, Shylasree TS Rajkumar, Joe, Ng, Keiiji, Fujiwara, Urology: Grant, D Stewart, Benjamin, Lamb, Krishna, Narahari, Alan, McNeill, Alexandra, Colquhoun, John, McGrath, Steve, Bromage, Ravi, Barod, Veeru, Kasivisvanathan, Dissemination Committee Joana FF Simoes (Chair), Tobias Klatte., Tom EF Abbott, Michel, Adamina, Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Arnav, Agarwal, Ehab, Alameer, Derek, Alderson, Felix, Alakaloko, Markus, Albertsmeiers, Osaid, Alser, Muhammad, Alshaar, Sattar, Alshryda, Alexis, P Arnaud, Knut Magne Augestad, Faris, Ayasra, Jos&#233, Azevedo, Brittany, K Bankhead-Kendall, Emma, Barlow, Ruth, Blanco-Colino, Amanpreet, Brar, Kerry, A Breen, Chris, Bretherton, Igor Lima Buarque, Joshua, Burke, Mohammad, Chaar, Sohini, Chakrabortee, Peter, Christensen, Daniel, Cox, Moises, Cukier, Miguel, F Cunha, Giana, H Davidson, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas, M Drake, John, G Edwards, Muhammed, Elhadi, Sameh, Emile, Shebani, Farik, J Edward Fitzgerald, Samuel, Ford, Tatiana, Garmanova, Gaetano, Gallo, Dhruv, Ghosh, Gustavo Mendon&#231, a Ata&#237, de Gomes, Gustavo, Grecinos, Ewen, A Griffiths, Madalegna, Gr&#252, ndl, Constantine, Halkias, Ewen, M Harrison, Intisar, Hisham, Peter, J Hutchinson, Shelley, Hwang, Arda, Isik, Pascal, Jonker, Haytham MA Kaafarani, Angelos, Kolias, Schelto, Kruijff, Ismail, Lawani, Hans, Lederhuber, Sezai, Leventoglu, Andrey, Litvin, Andrew, Loehrer, Markus, W L&#246, ffler, Maria Aguilera Lorena, Maria Marta Madolo, Piotr, Major, Janet, Martin, Hassan, N Mashbari, Dennis, Mazingi, Symeon, Metallidis, Helen, M Mohan, Rachel, Moore, David, Moszkowicz, Joshua, S Ng-Kamstra, Mayaba, Maimbo, Milagros, Niquen, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Maricarmen, Olivos, Kacimi, Oussama, Oumaima, Outani, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalanm, Francesco, Pata, Carlos Jose Perez Rivera, Thomas, D Pinkney, Willemijn van der Plas, Ahmad, Qureshi, Dejan, Radenkovic, Antonio Ramos- De la Medina, Keith, Roberts, April, C Roslani, Martin, Ruteg&#229, Ir&#232, ne, Santos, Raza, Sayyed, Andrew, Schache, Andreas, A Schnitzbauer, Seyi-Olajide, Justina O., Neil, Sharma, Richard, Shaw, Sebastian, Shu, Kjetil, Soreide, Antonino, Spinelli, Grant, D Stewart, Malin, Sund, Sudha, Sundar, Stephen, Tabiri, Georgios, Tsoulfas, Gabrielle, H van Ramshorst, Raghavan, Vidya, Dale, Vimalachandran, Oliver, J Warren, Duane, Wedderburn, Naomi, Wright, EuroSurg, European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP), Global Initiative for Children&#8217, s Surgery (GICS), GlobalSurg, GlobalPaedSurg, ItSURG, PTSurg, SpainSurg, Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR), Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT), Irish Surgical Research Collaborative (ISRC), Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG), Collaborators (denotes Site Principal Investigators) Argentina: Allemand C, Italian Society of Surgical Oncology (SICO)., Boccalatte, L, Figari, M, Lamm, M, Larra&#241, aga, J, Marchitelli, C, Noll, F, Odetto, D, Perrotta, M, Saadi, J, Zamora, L (Hospital Italiano De Buenos Aires), Alurralde, C, Caram, El, Eskinazi, D, Mendoza, Jp, Usandivaras M (Sanatorio, 9 De Julio Sa), Badra, R, Esteban, A, Garc&#237, a, Js, a, Pm, Gerchunoff, Ji, Lucchini, Sm, NIgra, Ma, Armenia: Hovhannisyan T, Vargas L (Sanatorio Allende)., Australia: Gould T, Stepanyan A (Nairi Medical Center)., Gourlay, R, Griffiths, B (Calvary Mater Newcastle), Gananadha S, McLaren M (Canberra Hospital), Cecire, J, Joshi, N, Salindera, S, Sutherland, A (Coffs Harbour Health Campus), Ahn, Jh, Charlton, G, Chen, S, Gauri, N, Hayhurst, R, Jang, S, Jia, F, Mulligan, C, Yang, W, Ye, G, Zhang, H (Concord Repatriation General Hospital), Ballal, M, Gibson, D, Hayne, D, Moss, J, Richards, T, Viswambaram, P, Vo UG (Fiona Stanley Hospital), Bennetts, J, Bright, T, Brooke-Smith, M, Fong, R, Gricks, B, Lam, Yh, Ong, Bs, Szpytma, M, Watson, D (Flinders Medical Centre), Bagraith, K, Caird, S, Chan, E, Dawson, C, Ho, D, Jeyarajan, E, Jordan, S, Lim, A, Nolan, Gj, Oar, A, Parker, D, Puhalla, H, Quennell, A, Rutherford, L, Townend, P, Von Papen, M, Wullschleger, M (Gold Coast University Hospital), Blatt, A, Cope, D, Egoroff, N, Fenton, M, Gani, J, Lott, N, Pockney, P, Shugg, N (John Hunter Hospital), Elliott M, Phung D (Lifehouse), Phan D, Townend D (Lismore Base Hospital), Bong C, Gundara J (Logan Hospital), Frankel, A (Princess Alexandra Hospital), Bowman S, Guerra GR (Queen Elizabeth Ii Jubilee Hospital), Bolt, J, Buddingh, K, Dudi-Venkata, Nn, Jog, S, Kroon, Hm, Sammour, T, Smith, R, Stranz, C (Royal Adelaide Hospital), Batstone, M, Lah, K, McGahan, W, Mitchell, D, Morton, A, Pearce, A, Roberts, M, Sheahan, G, Swinson, B (Royal Brisbane And Women&#8217, s Hospital), Alam, N, Banting, S, Chong, L, Choong, P, Clatworthy, S, Foley, D, Fox, A, Hii, Mw, Knowles, B, Mack, J, Read, M, Rowcroft, A, Ward, S, Austria: Lanner M (Kardinal Schwarzenberg Klinikum), Wright G (St Vincent&#8217, s Hospital)., K&#246, nigsrainer, I (Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch), Bauer, M, Freyschlag, C, Kafka, M, Messner, F, 214, fner, D, Tsibulak, I (Medical University Of Innsbruck), Emmanuel, K, Grechenig, M, Gruber, R, Harald, M, hlberger, L, Presl, J, Azerbaijan: Namazov &#304, Wimmer A (Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg)., Barbados: Barker D, Samadov E (Leyla Medical Centerl)., Boyce, R, Corbin, S, Doyle, A, Eastmond, A, Gill, R, Haynes, A, Millar, S, O&#8217, Shea, M, Padmore, G, Paquette, N, Phillips, E, John S, St., Belgium: Flamey N, Walkes K (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Pattyn, P (Az Delta), Oosterlinck, W, Van den Eynde, J, Brazil: Gatti A, Van den Eynde R (Uz Leuven)., Nardi, C, Oliva, R (Hospital Geral De Pirajussara), De Cicco, R (Instituto De C&#226, ncer Dr Arnaldo Vieira De Carvalho), Cecconello, I, Gregorio, P, Pontual Lima, L, Ribeiro Junior, U, Takeda, F, Canada: Kidane B, Terra RM (Instituto Do C&#226, ncer De Estado De S&#227, o Paulo). Bulgaria: Sokolov M (University Hospital Alexandrovska)., Srinathan, S (Health Sciences Centre), Boutros, M, Caminsky, N, Ghitulescu, G, Jamjoum, G, Moon, J, Pelletier, J, Vanounou, T, Wong, S (Jewish General Hospital), Dumitra, S, Kouyoumdjian, A (Mcgill University Health Center), Johnston B, Russell C (Saint John Regional Hospital), Demyttenaere, S, Mary&#8217, s Hospital), Garfinkle R (St., Abou-Khalil, J, Nessim, C, Colombia: Almeciga A, Stevenson J (The Ottawa Hospital). Chile: Heredia F (Cl&#237, nica Universitaria De Concepci&#243, n)., Fletcher, A, Merchan A (Centro De Investigaciones Oncol&#243, gicas Cl&#237, nica San Diego, - Ciosad), Puentes LO (Hospital San Jos&#233, Croatia: Ba&#269, i&#263, G, Mendoza Quevedo J (Subred Sur Occidente De Kennedy (Hospital De Kennedy))., Karlovi&#263, D, Kr&#353, ul, D, Zeli&#263, M (University Hospital Center Rijeka), Luksic I, Mamic M (University Hospital Dubrava), Bakmaz, B, 262, oza, I, Dijan, E, Katusic, Z, Mihanovic, J, Cyprus: Frantzeskou K, Rakvin I (Zadar General Hospital)., Gouvas, N, Kokkinos, G, Papatheodorou, P, Pozotou, I, Stavrinidou, O, Czechia: Martinek L, Yiallourou A (Nicosia General Hospital)., Skrovina, M, Szubota, I (Hospital &amp, amp, Oncological Centre Novy Jicin), 381, ateck&#253, J (Slezsk&#225, Nemocnice V Opav&#283, P. o. ), Javurkova, V, Denmark: Avlund T, Klat J (University Hospital Ostrava)., Christensen, P, Harbjerg, Jl, Iversen, Lh, Kjaer, Dw, Kristensen, H&#248, Mekhael, M (Aarhus University Hospital), Ebbeh&#248, j, Al, Krarup, P, Schlesinger, N, Egypt: Abdelsamed A, Smith H (Bispebjerg Hospital)., Azzam, Ay, Salem, H, Seleim, A (Al Azhar University Hospitals), Abdelmajeed, A, Abdou, M, Abosamak, Ne, AL Sayed, M, Ashoush, F, Atta, R, Elazzazy, E, Elhoseiny, M, Elnemr, M, Elqasabi, Ms, Elsayed Hewalla ME, Elsherbini, I, Essam, E, Eweda, M, Ghallab, I, Hassan, E, Ibrahim, M, Metwalli, M, Mourad, M, Qatora, Ms, Ragab, M, Sabry, A, Saifeldin, H, Saleh Mesbah Mohamed Elkaffas, M, Samih, A, Samir Abdelaal, A, Shehata, S, Shenit, K (Alexandria Main University Hospital), Attia, D, Kamal, N, Osman, N (Alexandria Medical Research Institute), Abbas, Am, Abd Elazeem HAS, Abdelkarem, Mm, Alaa, S, Ali, Ak, Ayman, A, Azizeldine, Mg, Elkhayat, H, elghazaly S, M., Monib, Fa, Nageh, Ma, Saad, Mm, Salah, M, Shahine, M, Yousof, Ea, Youssef, A (Assiut University Hospital), Eldaly, A (El-Menshawy Hospital), ElFiky, M, Nabil, A (Kasr Alainy Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo, University), Amira, G, Sallam, I, Sherief, M, Sherif, A (Misr Cancer Center), Abdelrahman, A, Aboulkassem, H, Ghaly, G, Hamdy, R, Morsi, A, Sherif, G (National Cancer Institute), Abdeldayem, H, Abdelkader Salama, I, Balabel, M, Fayed, Y, Sherif AE (National Liver Institute, Finland: Kauppila J, Menoufia University). Ethiopia: Bekele D (Maddawalabu University Goba Referral Hospital)., Sarjanoja, E (L&#228, nsi-Pohja Central Hospital), Helminen, O, Huhta, H, France: Beyrne C, Kauppila JH (Oulu University Hospital)., Jouffret, L, Lugans, L, Marie-Macron, L (Centre Hospitalier Avignon), Chouillard E, De Simone B (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Poissy Saint Germain En Laye), Bettoni, J, Dakp&#233, S, Devauchelle, B, Lavagen, N, Testelin, S (Chu Amiens), Boucher, S, Breheret, R, Gueutier, A, Kahn, A, K&#252, n-Darbois, J (Chu Angers), Barrabe, A, Lakkis, Z, Louvrier, A, Manfredelli, S, Mathieu, P (Chu Besan&#231, on), Chebaro, A, Drubay, V, El amrani, M, Eveno, C, Lecolle, K, Legault, G, Martin, L, Piessen, G, Pruvot, Fr, Truant, S, Zerbib, P (Chu Lille), Ballouhey, Q, Barrat, B, Laloze, J, Salle, H, Taibi, A, Usseglio, J (Chu Limoges), Bergeat D, Merdrignac A (Chu Rennes - General Surgery), Le Roy, B, Perotto, Lo, Scalabre, A (Chu Saint Etienne), Aim&#233, A, Ezanno, A, Malgras, B (Hia Begin), Bouche P, Tzedakis S (H&#244, pital Cochin - Aphp), Cotte, E, Glehen, O, Lifante, J (Hopital Lyon Sud), D&#8217, Urso, A, Felli, E, Mutter, D, Pessaux, P, Seeliger, B (Hus, Pole H&#233, pato-Digestif, / Ihu- Strasbourg), Bardet, J, Berry, R, Boddaert, G, Bonnet, S, Brian, E, Denet, C, Fuks, D, Gossot, D, Grigoroiu, M, Laforest, A, Levy-Zauberman, Y, Louis-Sylvestre, C, Moumen, A, Pourcher, G, Seguin-givelet, A, Tribillon, E (Institut Mutualiste Montsouris), Duchalais, E, Espitalier, F, Ferron, C, Germany: Bork U, Malard O (Nantes University Hospital)., Distler, M, Fritzmann, J, Kirchberg, J, Praetorius, C, Riediger, C, Weitz, J, Welsch, T, Wimberger, P (Carl-Gustav-Carus University, Dresden), Tu, Beyer, K, Kamphues, C, Lauscher, J, Loch, Fn, Schineis, C (Charit&#233, University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin), Albertsmeier, M, Angele, M, Kappenberger, A, Niess, H, Schiergens, T, Werner, J (Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universitat Munich), Becker R, Jonescheit J (Heilig-Geist Hospital Bensheim), Pergolini I, Reim D (Klinikum Rechts Der Isar Tum School Of Medicine), Boeker, C, Hakami, I, Mall, J (Krh Nordstadt-Siloah Hospitals), Liokatis P, Smolka W (LMU Klinikum Campus Innenstadt), Nowak K, Reinhard T (Romed Klinikum Rosenheim), H&#246, lzle, F, Modabber, A, Winnand, P (University Hospital Aachen), Knitschke, M (University Hospital Giessen And Marburg), Kauffmann P, Wolfer S (University Hospital Goettingen / Universit&#228, tsmedizin Goettingen), Kleeff, J, Lorenz, K, Michalski, C, Ronellenfitsch, U, Schneider, R (University Hospital Halle (Saale)), Bertolani, E, nigsrainer, A, L&#246, ffler, Mw, Quante, M, Steidle, C, 220, berr&#252, ck, L, Yurttas, C (University Hospital Tuebingen), Betz, Cs, Bewarder, J, B&#246, ttcher, A, Burg, S, Busch, C, Gosau, M, Heuer, A, Izbicki, J, Klatte, To, Koenig, D, Moeckelmann, N, Nitschke, C, Priemel, M, Smeets, R, Speth, U, Thole, S, Uzunoglu, Fg, Vollkommer, T, Zeller, N (University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf), Battista, Mj, Gillen, K, Hasenburg, A, Krajnak, S, Linz, V, Schwab, R (University Of Mainz, Greece: Angelou K, Department Of Gynaecology And Obstetrics)., Haidopoulos, D, Rodolakis, A (Alexandra General Hospital), Antonakis, P, Bramis, K, Chardalias, L, Contis, I, Dafnios, N, Dellaportas, D, Fragulidis, G, Gklavas, A, Konstadoulakis, M, Memos, N, Papaconstantinou, I, Polydorou, A, Theodosopoulos, T, Vezakis, A (Aretaieion Hospital), Antonopoulou, Mi, Manatakis, Dk, Tasis, N (Athens Naval And Veterans Hospital), Arkadopoulos, N, Danias, N, Economopoulou, P, Kokoropoulos, P, Larentzakis, A, Michalopoulos, N, Selmani, J, Sidiropoulos, T, Tsaousis, V, Vassiliu, P (Attikon University General Hospital), Bouchagier, K, Klimopoulos, S, Paspaliari, D, Stylianidis, G (Evaggelismos General Hospital), Baxevanidou, K, Bouliaris, K, Chatzikomnitsa, P, Efthimiou, M, Giaglaras, A, Kalfountzos, C, Koukoulis, G, Ntziovara, Am, Petropoulos, K, Soulikia, K, Tsiamalou, I, Zervas, K, Zourntou, S (General Hospital Of Larissa &#8220, Koutlimpaneio And Triantafylleio&#8221, Baloyiannis, I, Diamantis, A, Gkrinia, E, Hajiioannou, J, Korais, C, Koukoura, O, Perivoliotis, K, Saratziotis, A, Skoulakis, C, Symeonidis, D, Tepetes, K, Tzovaras, G, Zacharoulis, D (General University Hospital Of Larissa), Alexoudi, V, Antoniades, K, Astreidis, I, Christidis, P, Deligiannidis, D, Grivas, T, Ioannidis, O, Kalaitsidou, I, Loutzidou, L, Mantevas, A, Michailidou, D, Paraskevopoulos, K, Politis, S, Stavroglou, A, Tatsis, D, Tilaveridis, I, Vahtsevanos, K, Venetis, G (George Papanikolaou General Hospital Of Thessaloniki), Karaitianos I, Tsirlis T (Henry Dunant Hospital Center), Charalabopoulos, A, Liakakos, T, Mpaili, E, Schizas, D, Spartalis, E, Syllaios, A, Zografos, C (Laiko University Hospital), Anthoulakis, C, Christou, C, Papadopoulos, V, Tooulias, A, Tsolakidis, D, Tsoulfas, G, Zouzoulas, D (Papageorgiou General Hospital), Athanasakis, E, Chrysos, E, Tsiaousis, J, Xenaki, S, Hong Kong: Futaba K, Xynos E (University Hospital Of Heraklion Crete And Interclinic Hospital Of Crete)., Ho, Mf, Hon, Sf, Mak, Twc, Ng SSM (Prince Of Wales Hospital), Hungary: Banky B, Foo CC (Queen Mary Hospital)., Ireland: Aremu M, Suszt&#225, k N (Szent Borb&#225, la K&#243, rh&#225, z)., Canas-Martinez, A, Cullivan, O, Murphy, C, Owens, P, Pickett, L (Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown), Akmenkalne, L, Byrne, J, Corrigan, M, Cullinane, C, Daly, A, Fleming, C, Jordan, P, Killeen, S, Lynch, N, McCarthy, A, Mustafa, H, Brien, S, Leary, P, Syed, Was, Vernon, L (Cork University Hospital), Callanan, D, Huang, L, Ionescu, A, Sheahan, P (South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital), Balasubramanian, I, Boland, M, Conlon, K, Evoy, D, Fearon, N, Gallagher, T, Geraghty, J, Heneghan, H, Kennedy, N, Maguire, D, McCartan, D, McDermott, Ew, Prichard, Rs, Winter, D (St Vincent&#8217, s University Hospital), Alazawi, D, Barry, C, Boyle, T, Butt, W, Connolly, Em, Donlon, N, Donohue, C, Fahey, Ba, Farrell, R, Fitzgerald, C, Kinsella, J, Larkin, Jo, Lennon, P, Maguire, Pj, Mccormick, P, Mehigan, Bj, Mohan, H, Nugent, T, Sullivan, H, Ravi, N, Reynolds, Jv, Rogers, A, Shokuhi, P, Smith, J, Smith, La, James&#8217, s Hospital), Timon C (St., Bashir, Y, Bass, G, Connelly, T, Earley, H, Elliott, Ja, Gillis, A, Kavanagh, D, Neary, P, riordan, J, Reynolds, Is, Rice, D, Ridgway, P, Umair, M, Whelan, M (Tallaght Hospital), Carroll, P, Collins, C, Corless, K, Finnegan, L, Fowler, A, Hogan, A, Kerin, M, Lowery, A, McAnena, P, McKevitt, K, Nizami, K, Ryan, &#201, Samy, A (University Hospital Galway), Coffey, Jc, Cunningham, R, Devine, M, Nally, D, Peirce, C, Tormey, S (University Hospital Limerick), Hardy, N, Malley, S, Italy: Macina S (Asst Mantua), Ryan M (University Hospital Waterford/University College Cork)., Mariani, Nm, Opocher, E, Pisani Ceretti A (Asst Santi Paolo, E Carlo), Ferrari, F, Odicino, F, Sartori, E (Asst Spedali Civili, Ospedale Di Brescia), Cotsoglou C, Granieri S (Asst Vimercate), Bianco, F, Camillo&#8217, Colledan, M, Tornese, S, Zambelli MF (Asst-Papa Giovanni Xxiii- Bergamo), Bissolotti, G, Fusetti, S, Lemma, F (Azienda Ospedaliera Di Padova), Marino, M, Mirabella, A, Vaccarella, G (Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo), Agostini, C, Alemanno, G, Bartolini, I, Bergamini, C, Bruscino, A, Checcucci, C, De Vincenti, R, Di Bella, A, Fambrini, M, Fortuna, L, Maltinti, G, Muiesan, P, Petraglia, F, Prosperi, P, Ringressi, Mn, Risaliti, M, Sorbi, F, Taddei, A, Tucci, R (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Bassi, C, Campagnaro, T, Casetti, L, De Pastena, M, Esposito, A, Fontana, M, Guglielmi, A, Landoni, L, Malleo, G, Marchegiani, G, Nobile, S, Paiella, S, Pedrazzani, C, Rattizzato, S, Ruzzenente, A, Salvia, R, Turri, G, Tuveri, M (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Di Verona), Bellora, P, Aloisio, G, Ferrari, M, Francone, E, Gentilli, S, Nikaj, H (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore Della Carit&#224, Bianchini, M, Chiarugi, M, Coccolini, F, Di Franco, G, Furbetta, N, Gianardi, D, Guadagni, S, Morelli, L, Palmeri, M, Tartaglia, D (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana), Anania, G, Carcoforo, P, Chiozza, M, De Troia, A, Koleva Radica, M, Portinari, M, Sibilla, Mg, Urbani, A (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant&#8217, anna), Fabbri, N, Feo, Cv, Gennari, S, Parini, S, Righini E (Azienda Unit&#224, Sanitaria Locale di Ferrara, - University of Ferrara), Ampollini, L, Bellanti, L, Bergonzani, M, Bertoli, G, Bocchialini, G, Angelo, G, Lanfranco, D, Musini, L, Poli, T, Santoro, Gp, Varazzani, A (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma), Aguzzoli, L, Borgonovo, G, Castro Ruiz, C, Coiro, S, Falco, G, Mandato, Vd, Mastrofilippo, V, Montella, Mt, Annessi, V, Zizzo M (Azienda Unit&#224, Sanitaria Locale, - Irccs Di Reggio Emilia), Grossi, U, Novello, S, Romano, M, Rossi, S, Zanus, G (Ca&#8217, Foncello Treviso-DISCOG-Universit Di Padova), Esposito, G, Frongia, F, Pisanu, A, Podda, M (Cagliari University Hospital), Belluco, C, Lauretta, A, Montori, G, Moras, L, Olivieri, M (Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (Cro) Irccs), Bussu, F, Carta, Ag, Cossu, Ml, Cottu, P, Fancellu, A, Feo, Cf, Ginesu, Gc, Giuliani, G, Madonia, M, Perra, T, Piras, A, Porcu, A, Rizzo, D, Scanu, Am, Tedde, A, Tedde, M (Cliniche San Pietro, Sassari), A. o. u., Delrio, P, Rega D (Colorectal Surgical Oncology Unit, - Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione, Pascale-I. r. c. c. s., ), Badalamenti, G, Campisi, G, Cordova, A, Franza, M, Maniaci, G, Rinaldi, G, Toia, F (Department Of Surgical, University Of Palermo), Oncological And Oral Sciences., Calabr&#242, M, Farnesi, F, Lunghi, Eg, Muratore, A, Pipitone Federico NS (Edoardo Agnelli), B&#224, mbina, F, Andrea, G, Familiari, P, Picotti, V (Fabrizio Spaziani), De Palma, G, Luglio, G, Pagano, G, Tropeano FP (Federico Ii University Hospital), Baldari, L, Beltramini, Ga, Boni, L, Cassinotti, E, Gianni&#8217, Pignataro, L, Torretta S (Fondazione Irccs Ca&#8217, Granda, - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico), Abatini, C, Baia, M, Biasoni, D, Bogani, G, Cadenelli, P, Capizzi, V, Cioffi, Spb, Citterio, D, Comini, Lv, Cosimelli, M, Fiore, M, Folli, S, Gennaro, M, Giannini, L, Gronchi, A, Guaglio, M, Macchi, A, Martinelli, F, Mazzaferro, V, Mosca, A, Pasquali, S, Piazza, C, Raspagliesi, F, Rolli, L, Salvioni, R, Sarpietro, G, Sarre, C, Sorrentino, L (Fondazione Irccs Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano), Agnes, A, Alfieri, S, Belia, F, Biondi, A, Cozza, V, Amore, A, Ugo, D, De Simone, V, Fagotti, A, Gasparini, G, Gordini, L, Litta, F, Lombardi, Cp, Lorenzon, L, Marra, Aa, Marzi, F, Moro, A, Parello, A, Perrone, E, Persiani, R, Ratto, C, Rosa, F, Saponaro, G, Scambia, G, Scrima, O, Sganga, G, Tudisco, R (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli), Belli, A, Granata, V, Izzo, F, Palaia, R, Patrone R (Hpb Surgical Oncology Unit, - Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione, Pascale- I. r. c. c. s., ), Carrano, Fm, Carvello, Mm, De Virgilio, A, Di Candido, F, Ferreli, F, Gaino, F, Mercante, G, Rossi, V, Spinelli, A, Spriano, G (Humanitas Clinical And Research Center Irccs, Rozzano (Mi) &amp, Humanitas, University, Department Of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele (Mi)), Donati, Dm, Frisoni, T, Palmerini, E (Irccs Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli), Aprile, A, Barra, F, Batistotti, P, Ferrero, S, Fregatti, P, Scabini, S, Sparavigna, M (Irccs Ospedale Policlinico San Martino), Asti, E, Bernardi, D, Bonavina, L, Lovece, A (University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato), Adamoli, L, Ansarin, M, Cenciarelli, S, Chu, F, De Berardinis, R, Fumagalli Romario, U, Mastrilli, F, Pietrobon, G, Tagliabue M (Istituto Europeo Di Oncologia, - Irccs -Milano), Badellino, E, Ferrero, A, Massobrio, R (Mauriziano Hospital Torino, Italy), De Manzoni Garberini, A (Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo), Federico, P, Maida, P, Marra, E, Marte, G, Petrillo, A, Tammaro, T, Tufo, A (Ospedale Del Mare), Berselli, M, Borroni, G, Cocozza, E, Conti, L, Desio, M, Livraghi, L, Quintodei, V, Rizzi, A, Zullo A (Ospedale Di Circolo, E Fondazione Macchi (Varese)), Baldi, C, Corbellini, C, Sampietro GM (Ospedale Di Rho, - Asst Rhodense), Cellerino P (Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, E Oftalmico), Baldini, E, Capelli, P, Isolani, Sm, Ribolla, M (Ospedale Guglielmo Da Saliceto Piacenza), Bondurri, A, Colombo, F, Ferrario, L, Guerci, C, Maffioli, A (Ospedale Luigi Sacco Milano), Armao, T, Ballabio, M, Bisagni, P, Gagliano, A, Longhi, M, Madonini, M, Pizzini, P (Ospedale Maggiore Di Lodi), Baietti, Am, Biasini, M, Maremonti, P, Neri, F, Prucher, Gm, Ricci, S, Ruggiero, F, Zarabini AG (Ospedale Maggiore/Bellaria Carlo Alberto Pizzardi Ausl Bologna), Barmasse, R, Mochet, S, Usai, A (Ospedale Regionale Umberto Parini), Leonardo - Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Incollingo P (Ospedale S., Castellammare Di Stabia), Mancini, S, Marino Cosentino, L, Sagnotta, A (Ospedale San Filippo Neri), Fruscio, R, Grassi, T, Nespoli, Lc, Tamini, N (Ospedale San Gerardo), Anastasi, A, Bartalucci, B, Bellacci, A, Canonico, G, Capezzuoli, L, Di Martino, C, Ipponi, P, Linari, C, Montelatici, M, Nelli, T, Spagni, G, Tirloni, L, Vitali, A (Ospedale San Giovanni Di Dio), Abate, E, Casati, M, Casiraghi, T, Laface, L, Schiavo M (Ospedale Vittorio Emanuele Iii, - Carate Brianza), Arminio, A, Cotoia, A, Lizzi, V, Vovola, F (Ospedali Riuniti Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Foggia), Vergari, R (Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona), Ugo, S, Depalma, N, 8220, Vito Fazzi&#8221, Spampinato MG (P. o., Bartolucci, P, Brachini, G, Bruzzaniti, P, Chiappini, A, Chiarella, V, Ciccarone, F, Cicerchia, Pm, Cirillo, B, De Toma, G, Di bartolomeo, A, Fiori, E, Fonsi, Gb, Franco, G, Frati, A, Giugliano, M, Iannone, I, La Torre, F, Lapolla, P, Leonardo, C, Marruzzo, G, Meneghini, S, Mingoli, A, Ribuffo, D, Salvati, M, Santoro, A, Sapienza, P, Scafa, Ak, Simonelli, L, Zambon M (Policlinico Umberto, I Sapienza University Of Rome), Capolupo, Gt, Carannante, F, Caricato, M, Mascian&#224, G, Mazzotta, E (Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico Of Rome), Gattolin, A, Migliore, M, Rimonda, R, Sasia, D, Travaglio, E (Regina Montis Regalis Hospital, Mondov&#236, Cervellera, M, Gori, A, Sartarelli, L, orsola-Malpighi Hospital), Tonini V (S., Giacometti, M, Zonta, S (Ospedale San Biagio, Asl, VCO), Chessa, A, Fiorini, A, Norcini, C (San Giovanni Di Dio), Colletti, G, Confalonieri, M, Costanzi, A, Frattaruolo, C, Mari, G, Monteleone, M (San Leopoldo Mandic), Bandiera, A, Bocciolone, L, Bonavina, G, Candiani, M, De Nardi, P, Gagliardi, F, Medone, M, Mortini, P, Negri, G, Ottolina, J, Parise, P, Piloni, M, Sileri, P, Vignali, A (San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan), Belvedere, A, Bernante, P, Bertoglio, P, Boussedra, S, Brunocilla, E, Cipriani, R, Cisternino, G, De Crescenzo, E, De Iaco, P, Dondi, G, Frio, F, Jovine, E, Mineo Bianchi, F, Neri, J, Parlanti, D, Perrone, Am, Pezzuto, Ap, Pignatti, M, Pinto, V, Poggioli, G, Ravaioli, M, Rottoli, M, Schiavina, R, Serenari, M, Serra, M, Solli, P, Taffurelli, M, Tanzanu, M, Tesei, M, Violante, T, Zanotti, S (Sant&#8217, orsola Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University Of Bologna, Borghi, F, Cianflocca, D, Di Maria Grimaldi, S, Donati, D, Gelarda, E, Geretto, P, Giraudo, G, Giuffrida, Mc, Marano, A, Palagi, S, Pellegrino, L, Peluso, C, Testa V (Santa Croce, E Carle Hospital, Cuneo), Agresta, F, Prando, D, Zese M (Santa Maria Degli Angeli Hospital Ulss5, - Adria), Aquila, F, Gambacciani, C, Lippa, L, Pieri, F, Santonocito OS (Spedali Riuniti Di Livorno), Armatura, G, Bertelli, G, Frena, A, Marinello, P, Notte, F, Patauner, S, Moritz Hospital), Scotton G (St., Fulginiti, Sf, Gallo, G, Sammarco, G, Vescio, G (University &#8216, Magna Graecia&#8217, Of Catanzaro), Balercia, P, Catarzi, L, Consorti G (University Hospital Umberto, I Ancona), Di Marzo, F (Valtiberina), Japan: Daiko H, Fontana T (Vittorio Emanuele)., Ishikawa, M, Ishiyama, K, Iwata, S, Kanematsu, K, Kanemitsu, Y, Kato, T, Kawai, A, Kobayashi, E, Kobayashi Kato, M, Moritani, K, Nakatani, F, Oguma, J, Tanase, Y, Jordan: Al Abdallah M, Uno M (National Cancer Center Hospital)., Ayasra, F, Ayasra, Y, Qasem, A (Al-Basheer Hospital), Abu Za&#8217, nouneh FJ, Fahmawee, T, Hmedat, A, Ibrahim, A, Obeidat, K (King Abdullah University Hospital), Abdel Al, S, Abdel Jalil, R, Abou Chaar MK, Al-Masri, M, Al-Najjar, H, Alawneh, F, Alsaraireh, O, Elayyan, M, Ghanem, R, Libya: Alkadeeki G (Al-Jalaa Hospital), Lataifeh I (King Hussein Cancer Center)., Aldokali, N, Senossi, O, Subhi MT (Alkhadra Hospital), Burgan, D, Kamoka, E, Kilani, Ai, Salamah, A, Salem, M, Shuwayyah, A (National Cancer Institute, Sabratha, - Libya), Abdulwahed, E, Alshareea, E, Aribi, N, Aribi, S, Biala, M, Ghamgh, R, Morgom, M (Tripoli Central Hospital), Aldayri, Z, Ellojli, I, Lithuania: Bradulskis S, Kredan A (Tripoli University Hospital)., Dainius, E, Kubiliute, E, Kutkevi&#269, ius, J, Parseliunas, A, Subocius, A, Madagascar: Rasoaherinomenjanahary F, Venskutonis D (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinical Hospital)., Razafindrahita, Jb, Malaysia: Ong EC (Bintulu), Samison LH (Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital)., Hamdan, Kh, Ibrahim, Mr, Tan, Ja, Thanapal MR (Hospital Kuala Lumpur), Amin Sahid, N, Hayati, F, Jayasilan, J, Sriram, Rk, Subramaniam, S (Queen Elizabeth Hospital &amp, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota, Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia), Che Jusoh, A, Hussain, Ah, Mohamed Sidek AS, Mohd Yunus MF, Soh, Jy, Wong, Mpk, Zakaria, Ad, Zakaria, Z (School Of Medical Sciences &amp, Hospital, Universiti Sains Malaysia), Fadzli, A, Fathi, Nq, Koh, Ps, Liew, Yt, Roslani, Ac, Tang, Cy, Teoh, Ly, Wong, Wj, Mexico: Alvarez MR, Yahaya AS (University Malaya Medical Centre)., Arrangoiz, R, Cordera, F, De la Rosa Abaroa MA, G&#243, mez-Pedraza, A, Hernandez, R, Maffuz-Aziz, A, Posada JA (Abc Medical Center), Becerra Garc&#237, a FC (Hospital San &#193, ngel Inn Chapultepec), Alfaro-Goldaracena, A, Buerba, Ga, Castillejos- Molina RA, Chan, C, Dominguez-Rosado, I, Medina-Franco, H, Mercado, M&#225, Oropeza- Aguilar, M, Pe&#241, a G&#243, mez Portugal, E, Posadas-Trujillo, Oe, Rodriguez-Covarrubias, F, Salgado-Nesme, N, Morocco: Arkha Y, Vilatoba M (Instituto Nacional De Ciencias M&#233, dicas Y Nutrici&#243, n &#8220, Salvador Zubir&#225, n&#8221, Bechri, H, El Ouahabi, A, Oudrhiri MY (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina Rabat), Derkaoui hassani F, El abbadi N (Cheikh Zaid International University Hospital), Amrani, L, Belkhadir, Zh, Benkabbou, A, Chakib, O, El Ahmadi, B, El Bouazizi, Y, Essangri, H, Ghannam, A, Majbar, Am, Mohsine, R, Netherlands: Hompes R, Souadka A (Institut National D&#8217, oncologie)., Meima-van Praag, E, Pronk, Ajm, Sharabiany, S (Amsterdam Umc, University Of Amsterdam), Grotenhuis, B, Hartveld, L, Reijers, S, Van Houdt, W (Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis), Baaij, J, Bolster-van Eenennaam, M, De Graaff, M, Sloothaak, D, Van Duijvendijk, P (Gelre Ziekenhuis), Posma-Bouman, L (Slingeland Ziekenhuis), Derksen, T, Franken, J, Oosterling, S (Spaarne Gasthuis), De Bree, R (University Medical Center Utrecht), Konsten, J, Nigeria: Fidelis L, Van Heinsbergen M (Viecuri Medisch Centrum)., Sholadoye, Tt, Tolani, M (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital), Olaogun, J (Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital), Egbuchulem, Ik, Lawal, Ta, Ogundoyin, O, Olulana DI (University College Hospital), Abdur-Rahman, L, Adeyeye, A, Aremu, I, Bello, J, Olasehinde, O, Oman: Massoud J, Popoola A (University Of Ilorin Teaching Hospital)., Massoud, R, Pakistan: Jamal A, Sorour TM (Khoula Hospital)., Kerawala AA (Cancer Foundation Hospital), Memon, As, Nafees Ahmed, R, Pfau Civil Hospital), Rai L (Dr Ruth K. m., Ayub, B, Hassan, N, Martins, Rs, Ramesh, P, Sayyed, R (Patel Hospital), Butt, U, Kashif, M, Khan, Wh, Qureshi, A, Umar, M, Waris Farooka, M, Wasim, T (Services Hospital Lahore), Ayubi, A, Rashid, I, Peru: Falcon GM, Waqar SH (The Pakistan Institute Of Medical Sciences)., Philippines: Jocson R, Robles R (Instituto Regional De Enfermedades Neopl&#225, sicas Del Sur)., Teh, C (National Kidney &amp, Poland: Major P (Jagiellonian University Medical College), Transplant Institute)., Bobi&#324, ski, M, Kotarski, J, Rasoul-Peli&#324, ska, K (Medical University Of Lublin, Portugal: Azevedo C, Chair And Department Of Gynaecological Oncology And Gynaecology)., Machado, D, Mendes, F (Centro Hospitalar Cova Da Beira), De Sousa, X (Centro Hospitalar De Set&#250, bal), Fernandes, U, Ferreira, C, Guidi, G, Leal, C, Mar&#231, al, A, Marques, R, Martins, D, Melo, A, Tenreiro, N, Vaz Pereira, R, Vieira B (Centro Hospitalar De Tr&#225, s-Os-Montes, E Alto Douro, E. p. e., ), Almeida, Ji, Correia de S&#225, T, Costa, Mjma, Fernandes, V, Ferraz, I, Gil, Cg, Lima da Silva, C, Lopes, L, Machado, N, Marialva, J, Nunes Coelho, M, Pedro, J, Pereira, C, Reis, R, Ribeiro, A, Santos, R, Saraiva, P, Silva, R, Tavares, F, Teixeira M (Centro Hospitalar Do Tamega, E Sousa), Almeida, Ac, Amaral, Mj, Andrade, R, Athayde Nem&#233, sio, R, Breda, D, Camacho, C, Canhoto, C, Colino, M, Correia, S, Costa, M, De Barros, J, De Oliveira L&#243, pez AL, Duque, M, Garrido, S, Guerreiro, P, Guimar&#227, es, A, L&#225, zaro, A, Lopes, C, Martins, R, Nogueira, O, Oliveira, A, Oliveira, Jm, Rodrigues, M, Ruivo, A, Santos, E, Silva, M, Sim&#245, es, J, Valente da Costa A (Centro Hospitalar, E Universit&#225, rio De Coimbra), Almeida, A, Cavaleiro, S, Devezas, V, Faria, Cs, J&#225, come, F, Magalh&#227, es Maia, M, Nogueiro, J, Pereira, A, Pereira-Neves, A, Pina-Vaz, T, Santos-Sousa, H, Silveira, H, Vaz, S, Vieira P (Centro Hospitalar, E Universit&#225, rio De S&#227, o Jo&#227, Gomes da Costa A, Lobo Antunes I (Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte), Pinto J, Tojal A (Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu), Cardoso, N, Cardoso, P, Domingues, Jc, Henriques, P, Manso, Mi, Martins dos Santos, G, Morais, H, Pereira, R, Revez, T, Ribeiro, R, Ribeiro, Vi, Soares, A, Sousa, S, Teixeira J (Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225, rio Do Algarve, - Unidade De Faro), Amorim, E, Baptista, Vh, Cunha, Mf, Dias, B, Fazenda, A, Melo Neves JP, Policarpo, F, Sampaio da N&#243, voa Gomes Miguel II, Veiga D (Centro Hospitalar Universitario Do Algarve, - Unidade De Portim&#227, Andrade, Ak, Bandovas, Jp, Borges, N, Branquinho, A, Chumbinho, B, Correia, J, Fidalgo, H, Figueiredo de Barros, I, Frade, S, Gomes, J, Maciel, J, Pina, S, Rodrigues, A, Silva, N, Silveira Nunes, I, Sousa, R (Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225, rio Lisboa Central), Ascens&#227, o, J, Azevedo, P, Costeira, B, Cunha, C, Garrido, R, Gomes, H, Louren&#231, o, I, Mendinhos, G, Miranda, P, Nobre Pinto, A, Peralta Ferreira, M, Ribeiro, J, Rio Rodrigues, L, Sousa Fernandes, M (Hospital Beatriz Angelo), Azevedo J (Hospital Da Horta, E. p. e. ), Galv&#227, o, D, Soares, Ac, Vieira, A, Vieira, B (Hospital De Santo Espirito Da Ilha Terceira), Patr&#237, cio, B, Santos, Pmdd, Vieira Paiva Lopes AC (Hospital De Torres Vedras, - Centro Hospitalar Do Oeste), Cunha, R, Faustino, A, Freitas, A, Martins, Ab, Mendes, Jr, Parreira, R, Rosa, J, Teves, M (Hospital Do Divino Esp&#237, rito Santo), Abreu da Silva, A, Claro, M, Costa Santos, D, Deus, Ac, Grilo JV (Hospital Do Litoral Alentejano), Borges, F, Corte Real, J, Henriques, S, Lima, Mj, Matos Costa, P (Hospital Garcia De Orta), Brito da Silva, F, Caiado, A, Fonseca, F (Instituto Portugu&#234, s De Oncologia De Lisboa Francisco Gentil), 194, ngelo, M, Baiao, Jm, Martins Jord&#227, Vieira Caro&#231, o, T (Ipo Coimbra), Messias, J, Millan, A, Salgado, I, Santos, P (Ipo Lisboa), Ba&#237, a, C, Canotilho, R, Correia, Am, Ferreira Pinto AP, Peyroteo, M, Puerto Rico: Escobar P, Videira JF (Ipo Porto)., R&#233, union: Kassir R, Maldonado Santiago M (Instituto Gineco Oncologico)., Romania: Bezede C, Sauvat F (Chu Reunion)., Chitul, A, Ciofic, E, Cristian, D, Grama, F (Coltea Clinical Hospital), Pirtea L, Secosan C (Emergency Clinical City Hospital), Bonci, E, Gata, V, Ion Chiricuta Institute Of Oncology), Titu S (Prof. Dr., Ginghina, O, Iordache, N, Russia: Garmanova T, Iosifescu RV (Saint John Emergency Hospital)., Kazachenko, E, Markaryan, D, Rodimov, S, Tsarkov, P, Tulina, I (Clinic Of Coloproctology And Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sechenov Medical State University), Litvina, Y, Provozina, A (Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital), Agapov, M, Galliamov, E, Kakotkin, V, Kubyshkin, V, 1050, 1072, 1084, 1083, 1086, 1074, &#1040, (Moscow Research And Educational Center, Saudi Arabia: Alshahrani M, Lomonosov Moscow State University)., Alsharif, F, Eskander, M (Aseer Central Hospital), Al Raddadi, R, Majrashi, S, Mashat, A (East Jeddah General Hospital), Akeel, N, Alharthi, M, Aljiffry, M, Basendowah, M, Farsi, A, Ghunaim, M, Khoja, A, Maghrabi, A, Malibary, N, Nassif, M, Nawawi, A, Saleem, A, Samkari, A, Trabulsi, N (King Abdulaziz University Hospital), Al Awwad, S, Alghamdi, M, Alnumani, T, Nasser, M, Said bayazeed, A (King Fahad General Hospital), Alhefdhi, A, Almalik, O, Alomair, A, Alotaibi, N, Alresaini, F, Alsalamah, R, Alsobhi, S, Mahasin, Z, Othman, E, Velagapudi, S (King Faisal Specialist Hospital), Al Habes, H, Alamri, A, Alkarak, S, Alqannas, M, Alyami, M, Alzamanan, M, Cort&#233, s Guiral, D, Elawad, A (King Khalid Hospital), AlAamer, O, Alriyees, L, Alselaim, N (King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry Of National Guard, Health, Affairs, General Surgery Department., ), Abdulkareem, A, Ajlan, A, Akkour, K, Al-Habib, A, Al-Khayal, K, Alatar, A, Alburakan, A, Alhalal, H, Alhassan, B, Alhassan, N, Alobeed, O, Alsaif, A, Alsaif, F, Alshammari, S, Alshaygy, I, Barry, M, Bin Nasser, A, Bin Traiki, T, Bokhari, A, Elwatidy, S, Helmi, H, Madkhali, A, Nouh, T, Rabah, Pd, Serbia: Paunovic I, Zubaidi A (King Saud University)., Slijepcevic, N (Centre For Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Centre Of Serbia), Aleksi&#263, L, Antic, A, Barisic, G, Ceranic, M, Galun, D, Gruba&#269, &#381, Jelenkovic, J, Kecmanovi&#263, Kmezi&#263, Knezevic, D, Krivokapic, Z, Latin&#269, Markovic, V, Mati&#263, Miladinov, M, Pavlov, M, Pejovic, I, Radenkovic, D, Tadic, B, Vasljevi&#263, J, Velickovic, D, Zivanovic, M (Clinic For Digestive Surgery, Perovic M, Srbinovic L (Clinic For Gynecology And Obstetrics Narodni Front), Andrijasevic, S, Bozanovic, T, Cerovic Popovic, R, Dokic, M, Janjic, T, Jeremic, K, Kadija, S, Ladjevic Likic, I, Mirkovic, L, Pantovic, S, Pilic, I, Radojevic, M, Stefanovic, A, Vidakovic, S, Vilendecic, Z (Clinic For Gynecology And Obstetrics, Clinical Center Of Serbia), Antic, S, Dun&#273, erovi&#263, Jelovac, D, Jezdic, Z, Konstantinovic, V, Kotlar, B, Kuzmanovic, C, Lazi&#263, Petrovic, M, Popovic, F, Pucar, A, Romic, M, Sumrak, S, Vujanac, V (Clinic For Maxillofacial Surgery, School Of Dental Medicine, University Of Belgrade), Bascarevic, V, Bogdanovi&#263, I, Gruji&#269, Ilic, R, Mili&#263, evi&#263, Milisavljevi&#263, F, Miljkovi&#263, Paunovic, A, 352, 263, epanovi&#263, V, Stanimirovic, A, Todorovic, M (Clinic For Neurosurgery, Jotic, A, Milovanovic, J, Trivic, A (Clinic For Otorhinolaryngology And Maxillofacial Surgery, Bumbasirevic, U, Dzamic, Z, Kajmakovi&#263, B, Prijovi&#263, N, Zivkovic, M (Clinic Of Urology, Buta, M, Cvetkovic, A, Djurisic, I, Gacic, S, Goran, M, Inic, Z, Jeftic, N, Jevric, M, Jokic, V, Markovic, I, Milanovi&#263, Nikolic, S, Pejnovic, L, Savkovi&#263, Spurnic, I, Stevic, D, Stojiljkovic, D, Vucic, N, Zegarac, M (Institute For Oncology And Radiology Of Serbia), Karamarkovic, A, Kenic, M, Kovacevic, B, Krdzic, I, Singapore: Chan CW, Milutinovi&#263, V (Zvezdara University Medical Center)., Slovakia: G&#225, lis B, Lieske B (National University Hospital)., South Africa: Almgla N, &#352, imko K (University Hospital Bratislava)., Bernon, M, Boutall, A, Cairncross, L, Herman, A, Hilton, T, Jonas, E, Kloppers, C, Malherbe, F, Mugla, W, Nel, D, Rayamajhi, S, Van Wyngaard, T, Spain: Casta&#241, o-Leon AM, Vogel J (Groote Schuur Hospital)., Delgado Fernandez, J, Eiriz Fernandez, C, Espino Segura-Illa, M, Esteban Sinovas, O, Garcia Perez, D, Gomez, P, Jimenez-Roldan, L, Lagares, A, Moreno- Gomez, L, Paredes, I, P&#233, rez N&#250, 241, ez, A, S&#225, nchez Aniceto, G, Santas, M (12 De Octubre University Hospital), Fern&#225, ndez Rodr&#237, guez, P, Paniagua Garc&#237, a Se&#241, orans, M, Sanchez- Santos, R, Vigorita, V (&#193, lvaro Cunqueiro Hospital), Acrich, E, Baena Sanfeliu, E, Barrios, O, Golda, T, Santanach, C, Serrano-Navidad, M, Sorribas Grifell, M, Vives RV (Bellvitge University Hospital), Escol&#224, D, Jim&#233, nez A (Comarcal Alt Pened&#233, Cayetano Paniagua L, G&#243, mez Fern&#225, ndez L (Consorci Sanitari De Terrassa), Artigues, E, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Jc, Catal&#225, Bauset JC (Consorcio Hospital General Universitario), Collera, P, Diaz Del Gobbo, R, Farre Font, R, Flores Clotet, R, mez D&#237, az CJ, Gu&#224, rdia, N, Guariglia, Ca, Osorio, A, Sanchez Jimenez, R, Sanchon, L, Soto Montesinos C (Fundaci&#243, Althaia, - Xarxa Assistencial Universit&#224, ria De Manresa), Albi Martin B, Garc&#237, a Villayz&#225, n JE (Fundaci&#243, n Jimenez Diaz University Hospital), Alonso-Lamberti, L, Assaf, M, Baeza Pintado, N, Carabias, A, a-Quijada, J, Huertas Fernandez MA, Jimenez Miram&#243, n, J, Jimenez, V, Jover, Jm, Landeo Ag&#252, ero SA, Leon, R, Mart&#237, n Salamanca MB, rez Sim&#243, n, V, Ponce, S, Rodriguez, Jl, Salazar, A, Valle Rubio, A (Getafe University Hospital), Aguado, H (Hell&#237, n Hospital), Aldecoa Ansorregui, I, Bravo Infante, R, De Lacy FB, Di Somma, A, D&#237, az-Feijoo, B, Ense&#241, at Nora, J, Fabregas, N, Ferr&#233, s, A, Gil Iba&#241, ez, B, Gonzalez Sanchez JJ, Gracia, I, Hoyos Castro JA, Lacy, Am, Langdon, C, Mombl&#225, n, D, Morales, X, Oleaga, L, Otero, A, Pedrosa, L, Poblete Carrizo, J, Reyes Figueroa LA, Roldan Ramos, P, Rumia-Arboix, J, Tercero-Uribe, Ai, Topczewski, Te, Torales, J, Torne, A, Torn&#233, R, Turrado-Rodriguez, V, Valero, R, Valverde, S (Hospital Clinic Barcelona), Anula, R, Cano-Valderrama, O, Del Campo Mart&#237, n, M, ez-Valladares, L, Dom&#237, nguez, I, Dziakova, J, a Alonso, M, a Romero, E, mez Latorre, L, Muguerza, Jm, Pizarro, Mj, Saez Carlin, P, nchez del Pueblo, C, nchez-Pernaute, A, Sanz Ortega, G, Sanz-Lopez, R, Torres, A (Hospital Cl&#237, nico De Madrid), Garc&#233, s-Albir, M, Lopez, F, n-Ar&#233, valo, J, Moro-Valdezate, D, Pla-Marti, V (Hospital Cl&#237, nico Universitario De Valencia), Beltr&#225, n de Heredia, J, De Andr&#233, s Asenjo, B, mez Sanz, T, Jezieniecki, C, Nu&#241, ez Del Barrio, H, Ortiz de Sol&#243, rzano Aurusa FJ, Romero de Diego, A, Ruiz Soriano, M, Trujillo D&#237, az, J, Vazquez fernandez, A (Hospital Cl&#237, nico Universitario De Valladolid), Lora-Cumplido P, Sosa MV (Hospital De Cabue&#241, es), Gonzalez-Gonzalez E, Minaya Bravo AM (Hospital Del Henares), Alonso de la Fuente, N, Cazador Labat, M, Cecchini, L, Espinosa, Ca, Jimenez Toscano, M, L&#243, pez Campillo, A, Mancebo, G, Martorell, P, Munarriz, M (Hospital Del Mar), Grau-Talens EJ, Martin-Perez B (Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva), Benavides Buleje JA, Carrasco Prats, M, ndez, Pv, ndez-L&#243, pez, A, a Escudero, D, a Porcel VJ, Garcia Soria, V, Gim&#233, nez Franc&#233, s, C, Gonz&#225, lez Valverde FM, Gurrea, E, pez-Morales, P, Marco Garrido, A, nez Alonso JA, Medina, E, Mu&#241, oz Camarena JM, Parra Ba&#241, os PA, a Ros, E, Ramirez Faraco, M, Ruiz-Mar&#237, Sanchez Rodriguez, C, Valero Soriano, M (Hospital General Reina Sof&#237, Estaire G&#243, mez, M, ndez Camu&#241, as, &#193, Garcia Santos EP, Jimenez Higuera, E, nez-Pinedo, C, oz-Atienza, V, Padilla-Valverde, D, Pic&#243, n Rodr&#237, guez, R, Redondo Calvo FJ, nchez-Garc&#237, a, S, Sanchez-Pelaez, D (Hospital General Universitario De Ciudad Real), Colombari, Rc, Del valle, E, ndez, M, Lozano Lominchar, P, n, L, Rey Valcarcel, C, Steiner, Ma, Tudela, M, Zorrilla Ort&#250, zar, J (Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara&#241, 243, Alcaide Matas, F, a P&#233, rez JM, Troncoso Pereira, P (Hospital Mateu Orfila), Mora-Guzm&#225, n, I (Hospital Santa B&#225, rbara), Abell&#225, Achalandabaso Boira, M, Jorba, R, Memba Ikuga, R, Olona, C, Sales Mallafr&#233, R (Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan Xxiii), Cavall&#233, Busquets, P, Gavalda Pellice MGP, Salinas Pe&#241, a, J (Hospital Universitari Sant Joan), Aragon Achig EJ, Barbier, L, Caja Vivancos, P, Gainza, A, a Gutierrez JJ, Mallabiabarrena Ormaechea, G, Mar&#237, n, H, Martin Playa, P, Melchor Corc&#243, stegui, I, Prieto Calvo, M, Rodriguez Fraga, A, Villalabeitia Ateca, I (Hospital Universitario Cruces), De Andres Olabarria, U, Dur&#225, n Ballesteros, M, ndez Pablos FJ, Ib&#225, ez-Aguirre, Fj, Sanz Larrainzar, A, Ugarte-Sierra, B (Hospital Universitario De Galdakao), De la Hoz Rodr&#237, guez, &#193, Di Martino, M, a Septiem, J, Martin-Perez, E, oz de Nova JL (Hospital Universitario De La Princesa), Calvo Espino P, Guillamot Ruano P (Hospital Universitario De M&#243, stoles), Colao Garc&#237, a, L, az P&#233, rez, D, Esteban Agust&#237, E, Galindo Jara, P, Gutierrez Samaniego, M, Hernandez Bartolome MA, Serrano Gonz&#225, lez, J (Hospital Universitario De Torrej&#243, n De Ardoz), Alonso Poza, A, Di&#233, guez, B, a-Conde, M, Hern&#225, ndez-Garc&#237, a, M, Losada, M (Hospital Universitario Del Sureste), Chiesa-Estomba, Cm, lez Garc&#237, a J&#193, Larruscain, E, Sistiaga-Su&#225, rez JA (Hospital Universitario Donostia), Alvarez, E, Chavarrias, N, Fr&#237, as, L, a Pineda, V, Geg&#250, ndez Sim&#243, n, A, Gort&#225, zar, S, Gracia, M, Guevara, J, ndez Gutierrez, A, Loayza, A, a Dolores DT, C, Melendez, M, Moreno-Palacios, E, Perez, Y, Prieto Nieto MI, Ramos- Mart&#237, n, P, Rubio-Perez, I, Saavedra, J, Sanchez-Mendez, Ji, Siegrist Ridruejo, J, Urbieta, A, Zapardiel, I (Hospital Universitario La Paz), Cantalejo diaz, M, De Miguel Ardevines MDC, Duque-Mall&#233, Gascon Ferrer, I, lez-Nicol&#225, s Tr&#233, bol MT, Gracia-Roche, C, Herrero Lopez, M, Jariod Ferrer UM, Lanzon, A, Martinez German, A, Matute, M, Redondo, C, nchez Fuentes, N, nchez-Rubio, M, Santero-Ramirez, Ms, Saud&#237, Sim&#243, n Sanz MV, Uson-Bouthelier, T (Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet), Blazquez Martin, A, Diez Alonso, M, a Rico, E, Garcia-Loarte Gomez, E, Garcia-Moreno Nisa, F, Gutierrez Calvo, A, Hernandez, P, Lasa, I, Mendoza-Moreno, F, Morales Palacios, N, Ovejero Merino, E, Vera Mansilla, C (Hospital Universitario Principe De Asturias), Acebes Garc&#237, a, F, Bail&#243, Bueno Ca&#241, ones AD, Choolani Bhojwani, E, Marcos-Santos, P, Miguel, T, Pacheco S&#225, nchez, D, rez-Saborido, B, Sanchez Gonzalez, J, Tejero-Pintor FJ (Hospital Universitario R&#237, o Hortega), Alconchel, F, Conesa, A, Gil Mart&#237, nez, J, Guti&#233, rrez Fern&#225, ndez AI, Lopez Abad, A, Nicol&#225, s-L&#243, pez, T, Ramirez Romero, P, Roca Calvo MJ, Rodrigues, K, Ruiz Manzanera JJ, Soriano AI (Hospital Universitario Virgen De La Arrixaca), Cano, A, Capitan-Morales, L, Cintas Catena, J, Gomez-Rosado, J, Oliva Mompean, F, rez S&#225, nchez MA, R&#237, o Lafuente FD, Torres Arcos, C, Valdes-Hernandez, J (Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena), Cholewa, H, Domingo, S, Frasson, M, Lago, V, Marina Martin, T, nez Chicote, C, Sancho-Muriel J (Hospital Universitario, Y Polit&#233, cnico La Fe), Landaluce-olavarria A, Lecumberri D (Hospital Urduliz), Abad Gurumeta, A, Abad-Motos, A, nez-Hurtado, E, Ripoll&#233, s-Melchor, J, Ruiz Escobar, A (Infanta Leonor University Hospital), Cuadrado- Garc&#237, a, A, Garcia-Sancho Tellez, L, Heras Aznar, J, Mat&#233, P, Ortega V&#225, zquez, I, Picardo, Al, Rojo L&#243, pez JA, Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera, F, Serralta de Colsa, D (Infanta Sof&#237, a University Hospital), Anchuelo Latorre, J, Cagigas Fernandez, C, Cai&#241, a Ruiz, R, Gomez Ruiz, M, Hernanz, F, Jimeno Fraile, J, nez-P&#233, rez, P, Poch, C, Santarrufina Martinez, S, Valbuena Jabares, V (Marqu&#233, s De Valdecilla University Hospital), Moliner-S&#225, nchez, C, Pingarron-Martin, L, Rey-Biel, J, Ruiz Martin, I (Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital), Blas Laina JL, Cros, B, Escartin, J, Garcia Egea, J, Nogu&#233, Talal El-Abur, I, Y&#225, nez, C (Royo Villanova), Cagigal Ortega EP, Cervera, I, az Pe&#241, a, P, Elena, Gdcr, Enjuto, D, ndez Bernab&#233, s Garc&#237, a, R, Gonzalez, J, ndez, I, Herrera-Merino, N, Marqueta De Salas, M, Martinez Pascual, P, Perez Gonzalez, M, Ramos Bonilla, A, Rodr&#237, guez G&#243, mez, L (Severo Ochoa University Hospital), Besc&#243, Blanco-Colino, R, Brana, I, Caimari, B, De Pablo Garc&#237, a-Cuenca, A, Duran-Valles, F, Espin-Basany, E, Giralt L&#243, pez de Sagredo, J, Pamias, J, Pellino, G, Prat, N, Pujol Pina, R, Sri Lanka: Arulanantham A, Saez barba M (Vall D&#8217, hebron University Hospital)., Bandara, Gbk, Jayarajah, U, Ravindrakumar, S, Rodrigo VS (District General Hospital Chilaw), Srishankar S (Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura). Sudan: Ali karar AA (Al-Rajhi). Sweden: Elbe P, Lindqvist EK (Karolinska University Hospital), Taflin, H (Sahlgrenska University Hospital), 196, lg&#229, Heinius, G, Nordberg, M, Pieniowski, E (South General Hospital), Gkekas, I, fgren, N, Ruteg&#229, rd, M, Switzerland: Arigoni M, Sund M (Umea University Hospital)., Bernasconi, M, Christoforidis, D, Di Giuseppe, M, La Regina, D, Mongelli, F (Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale), Chevallay, M, Dwidar, O, Gialamas, E, Sauvain, M (Hopital De Pourtales), Klenke, F, Koll&#224, r, A, Kurze, C (Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Of Bern), Adamina, M, B&#228, chler, T, Crugnale, As, Giardini, M, Guglielmetti, L, Peros, G, Turkey: Aghayeva A, Solimene F (Kantonsspital Winterthur)., Hamzaoglu, I, Sahin, I (Acibadem Altunizade Hospital), Akaydin, E, Aliyeva, Z, Aytac, E, Baca, B, D&#252, lgero&#287, lu, O, Ozben, V, Ozmen, Bb, Uras, C (Acibadem Atakent Hospital), Arikan, Ae, Bilgin, Ia, Bozk&#305, rl&#305, Ceyhan, Go, Kara, H, Karahasano&#287, lu, T, Uras, C (Acibadem Maslak Hospital), Celik, H (Adana Baskent University), Meydanli MM (Ankara City Hospital), Akilli, H, Ayhan, A, Kuscu, E (Baskent University), Onan MA (Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital), Akgor, U, Dincer, Ha, Erol, T, Gultekin, M, Orhan, N, Ozgul, N, Salman, Mc, Soyak, B (Hacettepe University Hospital), Alhamed, A, Erg&#252, n, S, OZcel&#305, k, Mf, Sanli, An, Uluda&#287, Velidedeoglu, M, Zengin AK (Istanbul Universty, - Cerrahpa&#351, a Medical Faculty), Bozkurt, Ma, Kara, Y, Kocata&#351, A (Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training And Research Hospital), Cimenoglu, B, Demirhan, R, Lutfi Kirdar Training And Research Hospital), Saracoglu K (Kartal Dr., Azamat, I&#775, f, Balik, E, Bu&#287, ra, D, Giray, B, Kulle, Cb, Taskiran, C, Vatansever, D (Ko&#231, University Medical School), G&#246, zal, K, G&#252, ler, Sa, ken, H, Tatar, Oc, Utkan, Nz, Y&#305, ld&#305, r&#305, m, A, Y&#252, ksel, E (Kocaeli University Teaching Hospital), Akin, E, Altintoprak, F, Bayhan, Z, Cakmak, G, 199, apo&#287, lu, R, elebi, F, Demir, H, Dikicier, E, Firat, N, n&#252, ll&#252, Kamburo&#287, lu, Mb, Kocer, B, 231, 252, k, If, Mantoglu, B (Sakarya University Faculty Of Medicine), olak, E, Kucuk, Go, Uyanik MS (Samsun Training And Research Hospital), 304, lhan Varank Training And Research Hospital), G&#246, ksoy B (Sehit Prof. dr., Bozkurt, E, Citgez, B, Mihmanli, M, Tanal, M, Yetkin, G (Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training And Research Hospital), Akalin, M, Arican, C, Avci, Ek, Aydin, C, Demirli At&#305, c&#305, Emiroglu, M, Kaya, T, Kebab&#231, 305, Kilinc, G, Kirmizi, Y, 287, c&#252, H, Salimo&#287, lu, S, Sert, I&#775, Tugmen, C, Tuncer, K, Uslu, G, Ye&#351, ilyurt, D (University Of Health Sciences Tepecik Training And Research Hospital), Karaman, E, Kolusar&#305, A (Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical, Faculty), Uganda: Benson O, Yildiz A (Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training And Research Hospital)., United Kingdom: Agilinko J, Lule H (Kampala International University Teaching Hospital)., Ahmeidat, A, Barabasz, M, Bekheit, M, Cheung, Lk, Colloc, T, Cymes, W, Elhusseini, M, Gradinariu, G, Hannah, A, Kamera, Bs, Mignot, G, Shaikh, S, Sharma, P (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Abu-Nayla, I, Agrawal, A, Al-Mohammad, A, Ali, S, Ashcroft, J, Azizi, A, Baker, O, Balakrishnan, A, Byrne, M, Colquhoun, A, Cotter, A, Coughlin, P, Davies, Rj, Durrani, A, Elshaer, M, Fordington, S, Forouhi, P, Georgiades, F, Grimes, H, Habeeb, A, Hudson, V, Hutchinson, P, Irune, E, Jah, A, Khan, Dz, Kolias, A, Kyriacou, H, Lamb, B, Liau, S, Luke, L, Mahmoud, R, Mannion, R, Masterson, L, Mitrofan, Cg, Mohan, M, Morris, A, Murphy, S, Neill, R, Price, S, Pushpa-rajah, J, Raby-Smith, W, Ramzi, J, Rooney, S, Santarius, T, Singh, A, Stewart, Gd, Tan, Xs, Townson, A, Tweedle, E, Walker, C, Waseem, S, Yordanov, S (Addenbrooke&#8217, Jones, T, Kattakayam, A, Loh, C, Lunevicius, R, Pringle, S, Schache, A, Shaw, R, Sheel, A (Aintree University Hospital), Rossborough, C (Altnagelvin Area Hospital), Angelou, D, Choynowski, M, McAree, B, McCanny, A, Neely, D (Antrim Area Hospital- Northern Health And Social Care Trust), Tutoveanu, G (Barnsley Hospital Nhs Foundation Trust), Ahad, S, De La Cruz Monroy MFI, Mosley, F, Oktseloglou, V (Bradford Royal Infirmary), Alanbuki, A, Patel, M, Shabana, A (Brighton And Sussex Nhs Trust, Princess Royal Hospital), Perera, E, Raveendran, D, Ravi- Shankar, K, Thiruchelvam, J (Broomfield Hospital), Arrowsmith L, Campbell W (Causeway Hospital), Grove, T, Kontovounisios, C, Warren, O (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Rolland, P (Cheltenham General Hospital), Aggarwal, A, Brown, S, Jelley, C, Neal, N (Churchill Hospital), Clifford, R, Eardley, N, Krishnan, E, Manu, N, Martin, E, Roy Mahapatra, S, Serevina, Ol, Smith, C, Vimalachandran, D (Countess Of Chester Hospital), Bordenave, M, Houston, R, Putnam, G, Robson, A, Tustin, H (Cumberland Infirmary), Emslie, K, Labib, Pl, Marchbank, A, Miller, D, Minto, G, Natale, J, Nwinee, H, Panahi, P, Rogers, L (Derriford Hospital), Abubakar, A, Akhter Rahman MM, Kyk, Ko, Brien, H, Sasapu, K, Woodun, H (Diana Princess Of Wales Hospital Grimsby), Inglis R, Ng HJ (Dumfries And Galloway Royal Infirmary), De Gea Rico, A, Ghazali, N, Lambert, J, Markose, G, Math, S, Sarantitis, I, Shrestha, D, Sultana, A, Taggarsi, M, Timbrell, S, Vaz, Op, Vitone, L (East Lancashire Hospitals Nhs Trust), Day, A, Dent, H, Fahim, M, Waheed, S (East Surrey Hospital), Hunt A, Laskar N (East Sussex Healthcare (Conquest Hospital And Eastbourne District General Hospital)), Gupta, A, Steinke, J, Thrumurthy, S (Epsom &amp, St Helier University Hospitals Nhs Trust), Massie, E, McGivern, K, Rutherford, D, Wilson, M (Forth Valley Royal Hospital), Hardie J, Kazzaz S (Frimley Health Nhs Ft - Frimley Park), Handa, S, Kaushal, M, Kler, A, Patel, P, Redfern, J, Tezas, S (Furness General Hospital), Aawsaj, Y, Amonkar, S, Blackwell, L, Blake, D, Carter, J, Emerson, H, Fisher, A, Katory, M, Korompelis, P, McCormick, W, Mustafa, A, Pearce, L, Ratnavelu, N, Reehal, R (Gateshead Health Nhs Foundation Trust), Kretzmer, L, Lalou, L, Manku, B, Parwaiz, I, Stafford, J (George Eliot Hospital), Abdelkarim, M, Asqalan, A, Gala, T, Ibrahim, S, Maw, A, Mithany, R, Morgan, R, Sundaram Venkatesan, G (Glan Clwyd Hospital), Ang, K, Caruana, Ej, Chowdhry, Mf, Mohammad, A, Nakas, A, Rathinam, S (Glenfield Hospital), Boal, M, Brown, O, Dwerryhouse, S, Higgs, S, Vallance, A (Gloucestershire Royal Hospital), Boyd, E, Irvine, V, Kirk, A (Golden Jubilee National Hospital), Bakolas, G, Boulton, A, Chandock, A, Khan, T, Kumar, M (Good Hope Hospital), Agoston, P, Bill&#232, Challacombe, B, Fraser, S, Harrison-Phipps, K, King, J, Mehra, G, Mills, L, Najdy, M, Nath, R, Okiror, L, Pilling, J, Rizzo, V, Routledge, T, Sayasneh, A, Stroman, L, Wali, A (Guy&#8217, Fehervari, M, Fotopoulou, C, Habib, N, Hamrang-Yousefi, S, Jawad, Z, Jiao, L, Pai, M, Ploski, J, Rajagopal, P, Saso, S, Sodergren, M, Spalding, D (Hammersmith Hospital), Laws, S (Hampshire Hospitals Nhs Trust), Hardie C, McNaught C (Harrogate District Hospital), Alam, R, Budacan, A, Cahill, J, Kalkat, M, Karandikar, S, Kenyon, L, Naumann, D, Patel, A (Heartlands Hospital), Ayorinde, J, Chase, T, Cuming, T, Ghanbari, A, Humphreys, L, Tayeh, S (Homerton University Hospital), Aboelkassem Ibrahim, A, Bichoo, R, Cao, H, Chai, Akw, Choudhury, J, Evans, C, Fitzjohn, H, Ikram, H, Langstroth, M, Loubani, M, McMillan, A, Nazir, S, Qadri, Ssa, Robinson, A, Ross, E, Sehgal, T, Wilkins, A (Hull University Teaching Hospitals Nhs Trust), Dixon, J, Dunning, J, Freystaetter, K, Jha, M, Lester, S, Madhavan, A, Thulasiraman, Sv, Viswanath, Y (James Cook University Hospital), Curl-Roper, T, Delimpalta, C, Liao, Ccl, Velchuru, V, Westwood, E (James Paget Univeristy Nhs Foundation Trust Hospital), Belcher, E, Bond-Smith, G, Chidambaram, S, Di Chiara, F, Fasanmade, K, Fraser, L, Fu, H, Ganau, M, Gore, S, Graystone, J, Jeyaretna, D, Khatkar, H, Lami, M, Maher, M, Mastoridis, S, Mihai, R, Piper, R, Prabhu, S, Risk, Obf, Selbong, U, Shah, K, Smillie, R, Soleymani majd, H, Sravanam, S, Stavroulias, D, Tebala, Gd, Vatish, M, Verberne, C, Wallwork, K, Winter, S (John Radcliffe Hospital), Bhatti, Mi, Boyd-Carson, H, Elsey, E, Gemmill, E, Herrod, P, Jibreel, M, Lenzi, E, Saafan, T, Sapre, D, Sian, T, Watson, N (King&#8217, s Mill Hospital), Athanasiou, A, Bourke, G, Bradshaw, L, Brunelli, A, Burke, J, Coe, P, Costigan, F, Elkadi, H, Ho, M, Johnstone, J, Kanatas, A, Kantola, V, Kaufmann, A, Laios, A, Lam, S, MacInnes, E, Munot, S, Nahm, C, Otify, M, Pompili, C, Smith, I, Theophilou, G, Toogood, G, Wade, R, Ward, D, West, C (Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust), Annamalai, S, Ashmore, C, Boddy, A, Hossain, T, Kourdouli, A (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Gvaramadze, A, Jibril, A, Prusty, L, Thekkinkattil, D (Lincoln County Hospital), Harky A, Shackcloth M (Liverpool Heart And Chest Hospital), Askari, A, Cirocchi, N, Kudchadkar, S, Patel, K, Sagar, J, Shaw, S, Talwar, R (Luton And Dunstable University Hospital), Abdalla, M, Edmondson, R, Ismail, O, Jones, D, Newton, K, Stylianides, N (Manchester Royal Infirmary), Aderombi, A, Andaleeb, U, Bajomo, O, Beatson, K, Garrett, W, Mehmood, M, V (Medway Hospital), Ng, Al-Habsi, R, Divya, Gs, Keeler, B (Milton Keynes University Hospital), Al- Sarireh, B, Egan, R, Harries, R, Henry, A, Kittur, M, Li, Z, Parkins, K, Soliman, F, Spencer, N, Thompson, D (Morriston Hospital Swansea), Burgess, C, Gemmell, C, Grieco, C, Hollyman, M, Hunt, L, Morrison, J, Ojha, S, Ryan, N (Musgrove Park Hospital), Abbadessa, F, Barnard, S, Dawe, N, Hammond, J, Mahmoud Ali, F, McPherson, I, Mellor, C, Moir, J, Pandanaboyana, S, Powell, J, Rai, B, Roy, C, Sachdeva, A, Saleh, C, Tingle, S, Williams T (Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust., ), Manickavasagam, J, McDonald, C, McGrath, N, McSorley, N, Ragupathy, K, Ramsay, L, Solth, A (Ninewells Hospital), Kakisi, O, Seebah, K, Shaikh, I, Sreedharan, L, Youssef, M (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), Shah, J (North Manchester General Hospital), Ameerally, P (Northampton General Hospital), McLarty, N, Mills, S, Shenfine, A (Northumbria Nhs Hospital Trust), Sahnan, K (Northwick Park Hospital), Abu, J, Addae-Boateng, E, Bratt, D, Brock, L, Burnside, N, Cadwell-Sneath, S, Gajjar, K, Gan, C, Grundy, C, Hallam, K, Hassell, K, Hawari, M, Joshi, A, Khout, H, Konstantinidi, K, Lee, Rxn, Nunns, D, Schiemer, R, Walton, T, Weaver, H, Whisker, L, Williamson, K (Nottingham City Hospital), McVeigh, J, Myatt, R, Williams MA (Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre), Kaur, R, Leung, E, Sundar, S (Pan- Birmingham Gynaecological Cancer Centre), Michel, M, Patil, S, Ravindran, S, Sarveswaran, J, Scott, L (Pinderfields Hospital), Edmond M, King E (Poole Hospital), Almond, M, Bhangu, A, Breik, O, Cato, Ld, Desai, A, Ford, S, Griffiths, E, Idle, M, Kamal, M, Kisiel, A, Kulkarni, R, Mak, Jkc, Martin, T, Nankivell, P, Parente, A, Parmar, S, Pathanki, Am, Phelan, L, Praveen, P, Saeed, S, Sharma, N, Singh, J, Tirotta, F, Vijayan, D (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham), Geddes, A, McCaul, J, McMahon, J (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital), Khan, Ah, Khan, F, Mansuri, A, Mukherjee, S, Sarigul, M, Singh, S, Tan, Kl, Woodham, A (Queen&#8217, s Hospital Romford), Adiamah, A, Brewer, H, Chowdhury, A, Evans, J, Humes, D, Jackman, J, Koh, A, Lewis-Lloyd, C, Oyende, O, Reilly, J, Worku, D (Queens Medical Centre), Cool, P, Cribb, G, Shepherd, K (Robert Jones And Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital), Bisset C, Moug S (Royal Alexandra Hospital), Elson, N, Faulkner, G, Saleh, P, Underwood, C (Royal Bolton Hospital), Brixton, G, Findlay, L, Klatte, T, Majkowska, A, Manson, J, Potter, R (Royal Bournemouth Hospital), Bhalla, A, Chia, Z, Daliya, P, Goyal, A, Grimley, E, Hamad, A, Kumar, A, Malcolm, Fl, Theophilidou, E (Royal Derby Hospital), Bowden, J, Campain, N, Daniels, I, Fowler, G, John, J, Massey, L, McDermott, F, McGrath, J, McLennan, A, Ng, M, Pascoe, J, Rajaretnam, N (Royal Devon 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C., Banky, B., Susztak, N., Aremu, M., Canas-Martinez, A., Cullivan, O., Murphy, C., Owens, P., Pickett, L., Akmenkalne, L., Byrne, J., Corrigan, M., Cullinane, C., Daly, A., Fleming, C., Jordan, P., Killeen, S., Lynch, N., Mccarthy, A., Mustafa, H., O'Brien, S., O'Leary, P., Syed, W. A. S., Vernon, L., Callanan, D., Huang, L., Ionescu, A., Sheahan, P., Balasubramanian, I., Boland, M., Conlon, K., Evoy, D., Fearon, N., Gallagher, T., Geraghty, J., Heneghan, H., Kennedy, N., Maguire, D., Mccartan, D., Mcdermott, E. W., Prichard, R. S., Winter, D., Alazawi, D., Barry, C., Boyle, T., Butt, W., Connolly, E. M., Donlon, N., Donohue, C., Fahey, B. A., Farrell, R., Fitzgerald, C., Kinsella, J., Larkin, J. O., Lennon, P., Maguire, P. J., Mccormick, P., Mehigan, B. J., Nugent, T., O'Sullivan, H., Ravi, N., Reynolds, J. V., Rogers, A., Shokuhi, P., Smith, J., Smith, L. A., Timon, C., Bashir, Y., Bass, G., Connelly, T., Creavin, B., Earley, H., Elliott, J. A., Gillis, A., Kavanagh, D., Neary, P., O'Riordan, J., Reynolds, I. S., Rice, D., Ridgway, P., Umair, M., Whelan, M., Carroll, P., Collins, C., Corless, K., Finnegan, L., Fowler, A., Hogan, A., Kerin, M., Lowery, A., Mcanena, P., Mckevitt, K., Nizami, K., Ryan, E., Samy, A., Coffey, J. C., Cunningham, R., Devine, M., Nally, D., Peirce, C., Tormey, S., Hardy, N., O'Malley, S., Ryan, M., Macina, S., Mariani, N. M., Opocher, E., Pisani Ceretti, A., Ferrari, F., Odicino, F., Sartori, E., Cotsoglou, C., Granieri, S., Bianco, F., Camillo, A., Colledan, M., Tornese, S., Zambelli, M. F., Bissolotti, G., Fusetti, S., Lemma, F., Marino, M. V., Mirabella, A., Vaccarella, G., Agostini, C., Alemanno, G., Bartolini, I., Bergamini, C., Bruscino, A., Checcucci, C., De Vincenti, R., Di Bella, A., Fambrini, M., Fortuna, L., Maltinti, G., Muiesan, P., Petraglia, F., Prosperi, P., Ringressi, M. N., Risaliti, M., Sorbi, F., Taddei, A., Tucci, R., Bassi, C., Bortolasi, L., Campagnaro, T., Casetti, L., De Pastena, M., Esposito, A., Fontana, M., Guglielmi, A., Landoni, L., Malleo, G., Marchegiani, G., Nobile, S., Paiella, S., Pedrazzani, C., Rattizzato, S., Ruzzenente, A., Salvia, R., Turri, G., Tuveri, M., Bellora, P., D'Aloisio, G., Ferrari, M., Francone, E., Gentilli, S., Nikaj, H., Bianchini, M., Chiarugi, M., Coccolini, F., Di Franco, G., Furbetta, N., Gianardi, D., Guadagni, S., Morelli, L., Palmeri, M., Tartaglia, D., Anania, G., Carcoforo, P., Chiozza, M., De Troia, A., Koleva Radica, M., Portinari, M., Sibilla, M. G., Urbani, A., Fabbri, N., Feo, C. V., Gennari, S., Parini, S., Righini, E., Ampollini, L., Bellanti, L., Bergonzani, M., Bertoli, G., Bocchialini, G., D'Angelo, G., Lanfranco, D., Musini, L., Poli, T., Santoro, G. P., Varazzani, A., Aguzzoli, L., Borgonovo, G., Castro Ruiz, C., Coiro, S., Falco, G., Mandato, V. D., Mastrofilippo, V., Montella, M. T., Annessi, V., Zizzo, M., Grossi, U., Novello, S., Romano, M., Rossi, S., Zanus, G., Esposito, G., Frongia, F., Pisanu, A., Podda, M., Belluco, C., Lauretta, A., Montori, G., Moras, L., Olivieri, M., Bussu, F., Carta, A. G., Cossu, M. L., Cottu, P., Fancellu, A., Feo, C. F., Ginesu, G. C., Giuliani, G., Madonia, M., Perra, T., Piras, A., Porcu, A., Rizzo, D., Scanu, A. M., Tedde, A., Tedde, M., Delrio, P., Rega, D., Badalamenti, G., Campisi, G., Cordova, A., Franza, M., Maniaci, G., Rinaldi, G., Toia, F., Calabro, M., Farnesi, F., Lunghi, E. G., Muratore, A., Pipitone Federico, N. S., Bambina, F., D'Andrea, G., Familiari, P., Picotti, V., De Palma, G., Luglio, G., Pagano, G., Tropeano, F. P., Baldari, L., Beltramini, G. A., Boni, L., Cassinotti, E., Gianni, A., Pignataro, L., Torretta, S., Abatini, C., Baia, M., Biasoni, D., Bogani, G., Cadenelli, P., Cioffi, S. P. B., Citterio, D., Comini, L. V., Cosimelli, M., Folli, S., Gennaro, M., Giannini, L., Gronchi, A., Guaglio, M., Macchi, A., Martinelli, F., Mazzaferro, V., Mosca, A., Pasquali, S., Piazza, C., Raspagliesi, F., Rolli, L., Salvioni, R., Sarpietro, G., Sarre, C., Sorrentino, L., Agnes, A., Alfieri, S., Belia, F., Biondi, A., Cozza, V., D'Amore, A., D'Ugo, D., De Simone, V., Fagotti, A., Gasparini, G., Gordini, L., Litta, F., Lombardi, C. P., Lorenzon, L., Marra, A. A., Marzi, F., Moro, A., Parello, A., Perrone, E., Persiani, R., Ratto, C., Rosa, F., Saponaro, G., Scambia, G., Scrima, O., Sganga, G., Tudisco, R., Belli, A., Granata, V., Izzo, F., Palaia, R., Patrone, R., Carrano, F. M., Carvello, M. M., De Virgilio, A., Di Candido, F., Ferreli, F., Gaino, F., Mercante, G., Rossi, V., Spinelli, A., Spriano, G., Donati, D. M., Frisoni, T., Palmerini, E., Aprile, A., Barra, F., Batistotti, P., Ferrero, S., Fregatti, P., Scabini, S., Sparavigna, M., Asti, E., Bernardi, D., Bonavina, L., Lovece, A., Adamoli, L., Ansarin, M., Cenciarelli, S., Chu, F., De Berardinis, R., Fumagalli Romario, U., Mastrilli, F., Pietrobon, G., Tagliabue, M., Badellino, E., Ferrero, A., Massobrio, R., De Manzoni Garberini, A., Federico, P., Maida, P., Marra, E., Marte, G., Petrillo, A., Tammaro, T., Tufo, A., Berselli, M., Borroni, G., Cocozza, E., Conti, L., Desio, M., Livraghi, L., Quintodei, V., Rizzi, A., Zullo, A., Baldi, C., Corbellini, C., Sampietro, G. M., Cellerino, P., Baldini, E., Capelli, P., Isolani, S. M., Ribolla, M., Bondurri, A., Colombo, F., Ferrario, L., Guerci, C., Maffioli, A., Armao, T., Ballabio, M., Bisagni, P., Gagliano, A., Longhi, M., Madonini, M., Pizzini, P., Baietti, A. M., Biasini, M., Maremonti, P., Neri, F., Prucher, G. M., Ricci, S., Ruggiero, F., Zarabini, A. G., Barmasse, R., Mochet, S., Usai, A., Incollingo, P., Mancini, S., Marino Cosentino, L., Sagnotta, A., Fruscio, R., Grassi, T., Nespoli, L. C., Tamini, N., Anastasi, A., Bartalucci, B., Bellacci, A., Canonico, G., Capezzuoli, L., Di Martino, C., Ipponi, P., Linari, C., Montelatici, M., Nelli, T., Spagni, G., Tirloni, L., Vitali, A., Abate, E., Casati, M., Casiraghi, T., Laface, L., Schiavo, M., Arminio, A., Cotoia, A., Lizzi, V., Vovola, F., Vergari, R., D'Ugo, S., Depalma, N., Spampinato, M. G., Bartolucci, P., Brachini, G., Bruzzaniti, P., Chiappini, A., Chiarella, V., Ciccarone, F., Cicerchia, P. M., Cirillo, B., De Toma, G., Di bartolomeo, A., Fiori, E., Fonsi, G. B., Franco, G., Frati, A., Giugliano, M., Iannone, I., La Torre, F., Lapolla, P., Leonardo, C., Marruzzo, G., Meneghini, S., Mingoli, A., Ribuffo, D., Salvati, M., Santoro, A., Sapienza, P., Scafa, A. K., Simonelli, L., Zambon, M., Capolupo, G. T., Carannante, F., Caricato, M., Masciana, G., Mazzotta, E., Gattolin, A., Migliore, M., Rimonda, R., Sasia, D., Travaglio, E., Cervellera, M., Gori, A., Sartarelli, L., Tonini, V., Giacometti, M., Zonta, S., Chessa, A., Fiorini, A., Norcini, C., Colletti, G., Confalonieri, M., Costanzi, A., Frattaruolo, C., Mari, G., Monteleone, M., Bandiera, A., Bocciolone, L., Bonavina, G., Candiani, M., Candotti, G., De Nardi, P., Gagliardi, F., Medone, M., Mortini, P., Negri, G., Parise, P., Piloni, M., Sileri, P., Vignali, A., Belvedere, A., Bernante, P., Bertoglio, P., Boussedra, S., Brunocilla, E., Cipriani, R., Cisternino, G., De Crescenzo, E., De Iaco, P., Dondi, G., Frio, F., Jovine, E., Mineo Bianchi, F., Neri, J., Parlanti, D., Perrone, A. M., Pezzuto, A. P., Pignatti, M., Pinto, V., Poggioli, G., Ravaioli, M., Rottoli, M., Schiavina, R., Serenari, M., Serra, M., Solli, P., Taffurelli, M., Tanzanu, M., Tesei, M., Violante, T., Zanotti, S., Borghi, F., Cianflocca, D., Di Maria Grimaldi, S., Gelarda, E., Geretto, P., Giraudo, G., Giuffrida, M. C., Marano, A., Palagi, S., Pellegrino, L., Peluso, C., Testa, V., Agresta, F., Prando, D., Zese, M., Aquila, F., Gambacciani, C., Lippa, L., Pieri, F., Santonocito, O. S., Armatura, G., Bertelli, G., Frena, A., Marinello, P., Notte, F., Patauner, S., Scotton, G., Fulginiti, S. F., Gallo, G., Sammarco, G., Vescio, G., Balercia, P., Catarzi, L., Consorti, G., Di Marzo, F., Fontana, T., Daiko, H., Ishikawa, M., Ishiyama, K., Iwata, S., Kanematsu, K., Kanemitsu, Y., Kato, T., Kawai, A., Kobayashi, E., Kobayashi Kato, M., Moritani, K., Nakatani, F., Oguma, J., Tanase, Y., Uno, M., Al Abdallah, M., Ayasra, F., Ayasra, Y., Qasem, A., Abu Za'nouneh, F. J., Fahmawee, T., Hmedat, A., Ibrahim, A., Obeidat, K., Abdel Al, S., Abdel Jalil, R., Abou Chaar, M. K., Al-Masri, M., Al-Najjar, H., Alawneh, F., Alsaraireh, O., Elayyan, M., Ghanem, R., Lataifeh, I., Alkadeeki, G. Z., Al Maadany, F. S., Aldokali, N., Senossi, O., Subhi, M. T., Burgan, D., Kamoka, E., Kilani, A. I., Salamah, A., Salem, M., Shuwayyah, A., Abdulwahed, E., Alshareea, E., Aribi, N., Aribi, S., Biala, M., Ghamgh, R., Morgom, M., Aldayri, Z., Ellojli, I., Kredan, A., Bradulskis, S., Dainius, E., Kubiliute, E., Kutkevicius, J., Parseliunas, A., Subocius, A., Venskutonis, D., Rasoaherinomenjanahary, F., Razafindrahita, J. B., Samison, L. H., Ong, E. C., Hamdan, K. H., Ibrahim, M. R., Tan, J. A., Thanapal, M. R., Amin Sahid, N., Hayati, F., Jayasilan, J., Sriram, R. K., Subramaniam, S., Che Jusoh, A., Hussain, A. H., Mohamed Sidek, A. S., Mohd Yunus, M. F., Soh, J. Y., Wong, M. P. K., Zakaria, A. D., Zakaria, Z., Fadzli, A., Fathi, N. Q., Koh, P. S., Liew, Y. T., Roslani, A. C., Tang, C. Y., Teoh, L. Y., Wong, W. J., Yahaya, A. S., Alvarez, M. R., Arrangoiz, R., Cordera, F., De La Rosa Abaroa, M. A., Gomez-Pedraza, A., Hernandez, R., Maffuz-Aziz, A., Posada, J. A., Becerra Garcia, F. C., Alfaro-Goldaracena, A., Buerba, G. A., Castillejos-Molina, R. A., Chan, C., Dominguez-Rosado, I., Medina-Franco, H., Mercado, M. A., Oropeza-Aguilar, M., Pena Gomez Portugal, E., Posadas-Trujillo, O. E., Rodriguez-Covarrubias, F., Salgado-Nesme, N., Vilatoba, M., Arkha, Y., Bechri, H., El Ouahabi, A., Oudrhiri, M. Y., Derkaoui hassani, F., El Abbadi, N., Amrani, L., Belkhadir, Z. H., Benkabbou, A., Chakib, O., El Ahmadi, B., El Bouazizi, Y., Essangri, H., Ghannam, A., Majbar, A. M., Mohsine, R., Souadka, A., Hompes, R., Meima-Van Praag, E. M., Pronk, A. J. M., Sharabiany, S., Grotenhuis, B., Hartveld, L., Reijers, S., Van Houdt, W., Baaij, J., Bolster-Van Eenennaam, M., De Graaff, M., Sloothaak, D., Van Duijvendijk, P., Posma-Bouman, L., Derksen, T., Franken, J., Oosterling, S., De Bree, R., Konsten, J., Van Heinsbergen, M., Fidelis, L., Sholadoye, T. T., Tolani, M. A., Olaogun, J., Egbuchulem, I. K., Lawal, T. A., Ogundoyin, O., Olulana, D. I., Abdur-Rahman, L., Adeyeye, A., Aremu, I., Bello, J., Olasehinde, O., Popoola, A., Massoud, J., Massoud, R., Sorour, T. M., Jamal, A., Kerawala, A. A., Memon, A. S., Nafees Ahmed, R., Rai, L., Ayub, B., Hassan, N., Martins, R. S., Ramesh, P., Sayyed, R., Butt, U., Kashif, M., Khan, W. H., Qureshi, A., Umar, M., Waris Farooka, M., Wasim, T., Ayubi, A., Rashid, I., Waqar, S. H., Falcon, G. M., Robles, R., Jocson, R., Teh, C., Major, P., Bobinski, M., Kotarski, J., Rasoul-Pelinska, K., Azevedo, C., Machado, D., Mendes, F., De Sousa, X., Fernandes, U., Ferreira, C., Guidi, G., Leal, C., Marcal, A., Marques, R., Martins, D., Melo, A., Tenreiro, N., Vaz Pereira, R., Vieira, B., Almeida, J. I., Correia de Sa, T., Costa, M. J. M. A., Fernandes, V., Ferraz, I., Gil, C. G., Lima Da Silva, C., Lopes, L., Machado, N., Marialva, J., Nunes Coelho, M., Pedro, J., Pereira, C., Reis, R., Ribeiro, A., Santos, R., Saraiva, P., Silva, R., Tavares, F., Teixeira, M., Almeida, A. C., Amaral, M. J., Andrade, R., Athayde Nemesio, R., Breda, D., Camacho, C., Canhoto, C., Colino, M., Correia, S., De Barros, J., De Oliveira Lopez, A. L., Duque, M., Garrido, S., Guerreiro, P., Guimaraes, A., Lazaro, A., Lopes, C., Nogueira, O., Oliveira, A., Oliveira, J. M., Rodrigues, M., Ruivo, A., Santos, E., Silva, M., Simoes, J., Valente Da Costa, A., Almeida, A., Cavaleiro, S., Devezas, V., Faria, C. S., Jacome, F., Magalhaes Maia, M., Nogueiro, J., Pereira, A., Pereira-Neves, A., Pina-Vaz, T., Santos-Sousa, H., Silveira, H., Vaz, S., Vieira, P., Gomes Da Costa, A., Lobo Antunes, I., Pinto, J., Tojal, A., Cardoso, N., Cardoso, P., Domingues, J. C., Henriques, P., Manso, M. I., Martins Dos Santos, G., Morais, H., Pereira, R., Revez, T., Ribeiro, R., Ribeiro, V. I., Sousa, S., Teixeira, J., Amorim, E., Baptista, V. H., Cunha, M. F., Dias, B., Fazenda, A., Melo Neves, J. P., Policarpo, F., Sampaio Da Novoa Gomes Miguel, I. I., Veiga, D., Andrade, A. K., Bandovas, J. P., Borges, N., Branquinho, A., Chumbinho, B., Correia, J., Fidalgo, H., Figueiredo De Barros, I., Frade, S., Gomes, J., Maciel, J., Pina, S., Rodrigues, A., Silva, N., Silveira Nunes, I., Sousa, R., Ascensao, J., Azevedo, P., Costeira, B., Cunha, C., Garrido, R., Gomes, H., Lourenco, I., Mendinhos, G., Miranda, P., Nobre Pinto, A., Peralta Ferreira, M., Ribeiro, J., Rio Rodrigues, L., Sousa Fernandes, M., Azevedo, J., Galvao, D., Soares, A. C., Vieira, A., Patricio, B., Santos, P. M. D. D., Vieira Paiva Lopes, A. C., Cunha, R., Faustino, A., Freitas, A., Martins, A. B., Mendes, J. R., Parreira, R., Rosa, J., Teves, M., Abreu Da Silva, A., Claro, M., Costa Santos, D., Deus, A. C., Grilo, J. V., Borges, F., Corte Real, J., Henriques, S., Lima, M. J., Matos Costa, P., Brito da Silva, F., Caiado, A., Fonseca, F., Angelo, M., Baiao, J. M., Martins Jordao, D., Vieira Caroco, T., Messias, J., Millan, A., Salgado, I., Baia, C., Canotilho, R., Correia, A. M., Ferreira Pinto, A. P., Peyroteo, M., Videira, J. F., Escobar, P., Maldonado Santiago, M., Kassir, R., Sauvat, F., Bezede, C., Chitul, A., Ciofic, E., Cristian, D., Grama, F., Pirtea, L., Secosan, C., Bonci, E., Gata, V., Titu, S., Ginghina, O., Iordache, N., Iosifescu, R. V., Garmanova, T., Kazachenko, E., Markaryan, D., Rodimov, S., Tsarkov, P., Tulina, I., Litvina, Y., Provozina, A., Agapov, M., Galliamov, E., Kakotkin, V., Kubyshkin, V., Alshahrani, M., Alsharif, F., Eskander, M., Al Raddadi, R., Majrashi, S., Mashat, A., Akeel, N., Alharthi, M., Aljiffry, M., Basendowah, M., Farsi, A., Ghunaim, M., Khoja, A., Maghrabi, A., Malibary, N., Nassif, M., Nawawi, A., Saleem, A., Samkari, A., Trabulsi, N., Al Awwad, S., Alghamdi, M., Alnumani, T., Nasser, M., Said bayazeed, A., Alhefdhi, A., Almalik, O., Alomair, A., Alotaibi, N., Alresaini, F., Alsalamah, R., Alsobhi, S., Mahasin, Z., Othman, E., Velagapudi, S., Ghedan, S., Alharthi, R., Awad, S., Sharara, M., Abdelrahman, S., Althobaiti, W., Al Habes, H., Alamri, A., Alkarak, S., Alqannas, M., Alyami, M., Alzamanan, M., Cortes Guiral, D., Elawad, A., Alaamer, O., Alriyees, L., Alselaim, N., Abdulkareem, A., Ajlan, A., Akkour, K., Al-Habib, A., Al-Khayal, K., Alatar, A., Alburakan, A., Alhalal, H., Alhassan, B., Alhassan, N., Alobeed, O., Alsaif, A., Alsaif, F., Alshammari, S., Alshaygy, I., Barry, M., Bin Nasser, A., Bin Traiki, T., Bokhari, A., Elwatidy, S., Helmi, H., Madkhali, A., Nouh, T., Rabah, P. D., Zubaidi, A., Paunovic, I., Slijepcevic, N., Aleksic, L., Antic, A., Barisic, G., Ceranic, M., Galun, D., Grubac, Z., Jelenkovic, J., Kecmanovic, D., Kmezic, S., Knezevic, D., Krivokapic, Z., Latincic, S., Markovic, V., Matic, S., Miladinov, M., Pavlov, M., Pejovic, I., Radenkovic, D., Tadic, B., Vasljevic, J., Velickovic, D., Zivanovic, M., Perovic, M., Srbinovic, L., Andrijasevic, S., Bozanovic, T., Cerovic Popovic, R., Dokic, M., Janjic, T., Jeremic, K., Kadija, S., Ladjevic Likic, I., Mirkovic, L., Pantovic, S., Pilic, I., Radojevic, M., Stefanovic, A., Vidakovic, S., Vilendecic, Z., Antic, S., Dunderovic, D., Jelovac, D., Jezdic, Z., Konstantinovic, V., Kotlar, B., Kuzmanovic, C., Lazic, M., Petrovic, M., Popovic, F., Pucar, A., Romic, M., Sumrak, S., Vujanac, V., Bascarevic, V., Bogdanovic, I., Grujicic, D., Ilic, R., Milicevic, M., Milisavljevic, F., Miljkovic, A., Paunovic, A., Scepanovic, V., Stanimirovic, A., Todorovic, M., Jotic, A., Milovanovic, J., Trivic, A., Bumbasirevic, U., Dzamic, Z., Kajmakovic, B., Prijovic, N., Zivkovic, M., Buta, M., Cvetkovic, A., Djurisic, I., Gacic, S., Goran, M., Inic, Z., Jeftic, N., Jevric, M., Jokic, V., Markovic, I., Milanovic, M., Nikolic, S., Pejnovic, L., Savkovic, N., Spurnic, I., Stevic, D., Stojiljkovic, D., Vucic, N., Zegarac, M., Karamarkovic, A., Kenic, M., Kovacevic, B., Krdzic, I., Milutinovic, V., Lieske, B., Galis, B., Simko, K., Almgla, N., Bernon, M., Boutall, A., Cairncross, L., Herman, A., Hilton, T., Jonas, E., Kloppers, C., Malherbe, F., Mugla, W., Nel, D., Rayamajhi, S., Van Wyngaard, T., Vogel, J., Castano-Leon, A. M., Delgado Fernandez, J., Eiriz Fernandez, C., Espino Segura-Illa, M., Esteban Sinovas, O., Garcia Perez, D., Gomez, P., Jimenez-Roldan, L., Lagares, A., Moreno-Gomez, L., Paredes, I., Perez Nunez, A., Sanchez Aniceto, G., Santas, M., Fernandez Rodriguez, P., Paniagua Garcia Senorans, M., Sanchez-Santos, R., Vigorita, V., Acrich, E., Baena Sanfeliu, E., Barrios, O., Golda, T., Santanach, C., Serrano-Navidad, M., Sorribas Grifell, M., Vives, R. V., Escola, D., Jimenez, A., Cayetano Paniagua, L., Gomez Fernandez, L., Artigues, E., Bernal-Sprekelsen, J. C., Catala Bauset, J. C., Collera, P., Diaz Del Gobbo, R., Farre Font, R., Flores Clotet, R., Gomez Diaz, C. J., Guardia, N., Guariglia, C. A., Osorio, A., Sanchez Jimenez, R., Sanchon, L., Soto Montesinos, C., Albi Martin, B., Garcia Villayzan, J. E., Alonso-Lamberti, L., Assaf, M., Baeza Pintado, N., Carabias, A., Garcia-Quijada, J., Huertas Fernandez, M. A., Jimenez Miramon, J., Jimenez, V., Jover, J. M., Landeo Aguero, S. A., Leon, R., Martin Salamanca, M. B., Perez Simon, V., Ponce, S., Rodriguez, J. L., Salazar, A., Valle Rubio, A., Aguado, H., Aldecoa Ansorregui, I., Bravo Infante, R., De Lacy, F. B., Di Somma, A., Diaz-Feijoo, B., Ensenat Nora, J., Fabregas, N., Ferres, A., Gil Ibanez, B., Gonzalez Sanchez, J. J., Gracia, I., Hoyos Castro, J. A., Lacy, A. M., Langdon, C., Momblan, D., Morales, X., Oleaga, L., Otero, A., Pedrosa, L., Poblete Carrizo, J., Reyes Figueroa, L. A., Roldan Ramos, P., Rumia-Arboix, J., Tercero-Uribe, A. I., Topczewski, T. E., Torales, J., Torne, A., Torne, R., Turrado-Rodriguez, V., Valero, R., Valverde, S., Anula, R., Cano-Valderrama, O., Del Campo Martin, M., Diez-Valladares, L., Dominguez, I., Dziakova, J., Garcia Alonso, M., Garcia Romero, E., Gomez Latorre, L., Muguerza, J. M., Pizarro, M. J., Saez Carlin, P., Sanchez Del Pueblo, C., Sanchez-Pernaute, A., Sanz Ortega, G., Sanz-Lopez, R., Torres, A., Garces-Albir, M., Lopez, F., Martin-Arevalo, J., Moro-Valdezate, D., Pla-Marti, V., Beltran De Heredia, J., De Andres Asenjo, B., Gomez Sanz, T., Jezieniecki, C., Nunez Del Barrio, H., Ortiz De Solorzano Aurusa, F. J., Romero De Diego, A., Ruiz Soriano, M., Trujillo Diaz, J., Vazquez Fernandez, A., Lora-Cumplido, P., Sosa, M. V., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E., Minaya Bravo, A. M., Alonso de la Fuente, N., Cazador Labat, M., Cecchini, L., Espinosa, C. A., Jimenez Toscano, M., Lopez Campillo, A., Mancebo, G., Martorell, P., Munarriz, M., Grau-Talens, E. J., Martin-Perez, B., Benavides Buleje, J. A., Carrasco Prats, M., Fernandez, P. V., Fernandez-Lopez, A., Garcia Escudero, D., Garcia Porcel, V. J., Garcia Soria, V., Gimenez Frances, C., Gonzalez Valverde, F. M., Gurrea, E., Lopez-Morales, P., Marco Garrido, A., Martinez Alonso, J. A., Medina, E., Munoz Camarena, J. M., Parra Banos, P. A., Pena Ros, E., Ramirez Faraco, M., Ruiz-Marin, M., Sanchez Rodriguez, C., Valero Soriano, M., Estaire Gomez, M., Fernandez Camunas, A., Garcia Santos, E. P., Jimenez Higuera, E., Martinez-Pinedo, C., Munoz-Atienza, V., Padilla-Valverde, D., Picon Rodriguez, R., Redondo Calvo, F. J., Sanchez-Garcia, S., Sanchez-Pelaez, D., Colombari, R. C., Del valle, E., Fernandez, M., Lozano Lominchar, P., Rey Valcarcel, C., Steiner, M. A., Tudela, M., Zorrilla Ortuzar, J., Alcaide Matas, F., Garcia Perez, J. M., Troncoso Pereira, P., Mora-Guzman, I., Abellan, M., Achalandabaso Boira, M., Jorba, R., Memba Ikuga, R., Olona, C., Sales Mallafre, R., Cavalle Busquets, P., Gavalda Pellice, M. G. P., Salinas Pena, J., Aragon Achig, E. J., Barbier, L., Caja Vivancos, P., Gainza, A., Garcia Gutierrez, J. J., Mallabiabarrena Ormaechea, G., Marin, H., Martin Playa, P., Melchor Corcostegui, I., Prieto Calvo, M., Rodriguez Fraga, A., Villalabeitia Ateca, I., De Andres Olabarria, U., Duran Ballesteros, M., Fernandez Pablos, F. J., Ibanez-Aguirre, F. J., Sanz Larrainzar, A., Ugarte-Sierra, B., De La Hoz Rodriguez, A., Di Martino, M., Garcia Septiem, J., Martin-Perez, E., Munoz De Nova, J. L., Calvo Espino, P., Guillamot Ruano, P., Colao Garcia, L., Diaz Perez, D., Esteban Agusti, E., Galindo Jara, P., Gutierrez Samaniego, M., Hernandez Bartolome, M. A., Serrano Gonzalez, J., Alonso Poza, A., Dieguez, B., Garcia-Conde, M., Hernandez-Garcia, M., Losada, M., Chiesa-Estomba, C. M., Gonzalez Garcia, J. A., Larruscain, E., Sistiaga-Suarez, J. A., Alvarez, E., Chavarrias, N., Frias, L., Garcia Pineda, V., Gegundez Simon, A., Gortazar, S., Gracia, M., Guevara, J., Hernandez Gutierrez, A., Loayza, A., Maria Dolores, D. T., Marti, C., Melendez, M., Moreno-Palacios, E., Perez, Y., Prieto Nieto, M. I., Ramos-Martin, P., Rubio-Perez, I., Saavedra, J., Sanchez-Mendez, J. I., Siegrist Ridruejo, J., Urbieta, A., Zapardiel, I., Cantalejo diaz, M., De Miguel Ardevines, M. D. C., Duque-Mallen, V., Gascon Ferrer, I., Gonzalez-Nicolas Trebol, M. T., Gracia-Roche, C., Herrero Lopez, M., Jariod Ferrer, U. M., Lanzon, A., Martinez German, A., Matute, M., Redondo, C., Sanchez Fuentes, N., Sanchez-Rubio, M., Santero-Ramirez, M. S., Saudi, S., Simon Sanz, M. V., Uson-Bouthelier, T., Blazquez Martin, A., Diez Alonso, M., Garcia Rico, E., Garcia-Loarte Gomez, E., Garcia-Moreno Nisa, F., Gutierrez Calvo, A., Hernandez, P., Lasa, I., Mendoza-Moreno, F., Morales Palacios, N., Ovejero Merino, E., Vera Mansilla, C., Acebes Garcia, F., Bailon, M., Bueno Canones, A. D., Choolani Bhojwani, E., Marcos-Santos, P., Miguel, T., Pacheco Sanchez, D., Perez-Saborido, B., Sanchez Gonzalez, J., Tejero-Pintor, F. J., Alconchel, F., Conesa, A., Gil Martinez, J., Gutierrez Fernandez, A. I., Lopez Abad, A., Nicolas-Lopez, T., Ramirez Romero, P., Roca Calvo, M. J., Rodrigues, K., Ruiz Manzanera, J. J., Soriano, A. I., Cano, A., Capitan-Morales, L., Cintas Catena, J., Gomez-Rosado, J., Oliva Mompean, F., Perez Sanchez, M. A., Rio Lafuente, F. D., Torres Arcos, C., Valdes-Hernandez, J., Cholewa, H., Domingo, S., Frasson, M., Lago, V., Marina Martin, T., Martinez Chicote, C., Sancho-Muriel, J., Landaluce-Olavarria, A., Lecumberri, D., Abad Gurumeta, A., Abad-Motos, A., Martinez-Hurtado, E., Ripolles-Melchor, J., Ruiz Escobar, A., Cuadrado-Garcia, A., Garcia-Sancho Tellez, L., Heras Aznar, J., Mate, P., Ortega Vazquez, I., Picardo, A. L., Rojo Lopez, J. A., Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera, F., Serralta De Colsa, D., Anchuelo Latorre, J., Cagigas Fernandez, C., Caina Ruiz, R., Gomez Ruiz, M., Hernanz, F., Jimeno Fraile, J., Martinez-Perez, P., Poch, C., Santarrufina Martinez, S., Valbuena Jabares, V., Moliner-Sanchez, C., Pingarron-Martin, L., Rey-Biel, J., Ruiz Martin, I., Blas Laina, J. L., Cros, B., Escartin, J., Garcia Egea, J., Nogues, A., Talal El-Abur, I., Yanez, C., Cagigal Ortega, E. P., Cervera, I., Diaz Pena, P., Elena, G. D. C. R., Enjuto, D., Fernandez Bernabe, P., Garces Garcia, R., Gonzalez, J., Hernandez, I., Herrera-Merino, N., Marqueta De Salas, M., Martinez Pascual, P., Perez Gonzalez, M., Ramos Bonilla, A., Rodriguez Gomez, L., Bescos, C., Blanco-Colino, R., Brana, I., Caimari, B., De Pablo Garcia-Cuenca, A., Duran-Valles, F., Espin-Basany, E., Giralt Lopez De Sagredo, J., Pamias, J., Pellino, G., Prat, N., Pujol Pina, R., Saez Barba, M., Arulanantham, A., Bandara, G. B. K., Jayarajah, U., Ravindrakumar, S., Rodrigo, V. S., Srishankar, S., Ali Karar, A. A., Elbe, P., Lindqvist, E. K., Taflin, H., Alga, A., Heinius, G., Nordberg, M., Pieniowski, E., Gkekas, I., Lofgren, N., Rutegard, M., Sund, M., Arigoni, M., Bernasconi, M., Christoforidis, D., Di Giuseppe, M., La Regina, D., Mongelli, F., Chevallay, M., Dwidar, O., Gialamas, E., Sauvain, M., Klenke, F., Kollar, A., Kurze, C., Adamina, M., Bachler, T., Crugnale, A. S., Giardini, M., Guglielmetti, L., Peros, G., Solimene, F., Aghayeva, A., Hamzaoglu, I., Sahin, I., Akaydin, E., Aliyeva, Z., Aytac, E., Baca, B., Dulgeroglu, O., Ozben, V., Ozmen, B. B., Uras, C., Arikan, A. E., Bilgin, I. A., Bozkirli, B., Ceyhan, G. O., Kara, H., Karahasanoglu, T., Celik, H., Meydanli, M. M., Akilli, H., Ayhan, A., Kuscu, E., Onan, M. A., Akgor, U., Dincer, H. A., Erol, T., Gultekin, M., Orhan, N., Ozgul, N., Salman, M. C., Soyak, B., Alhamed, A., Ergun, S., Ozcelik, M. F., Sanli, A. N., Uludag, S. S., Velidedeoglu, M., Zengin, A. K., Bozkurt, M. A., Kara, Y., Kocatas, A., Cimenoglu, B., Demirhan, R., Saracoglu, K., Azamat, I. F., Balik, E., Bugra, D., Giray, B., Kulle, C. B., Taskiran, C., Vatansever, D., Gozal, K., Guler, S. A., Koken, H., Tatar, O. C., Utkan, N. Z., Yildirim, A., Yuksel, E., Akin, E., Altintoprak, F., Bayhan, Z., Cakmak, G., Capoglu, R., Celebi, F., Demir, H., Dikicier, E., Firat, N., Gonullu, E., Kamburoglu, M. B., Kocer, B., Kucuk, I. F., Mantoglu, B., Colak, E., Kucuk, G. O., Uyanik, M. S., Goksoy, B., Bozkurt, E., Citgez, B., Mihmanli, M., Tanal, M., Yetkin, G., Akalin, M., Arican, C., Avci, E. K., Aydin, C., Demirli Atici, S., Emiroglu, M., Kaya, T., Kebabci, E., Kilinc, G., Kirmizi, Y., Ogucu, H., Salimoglu, S., Sert, I., Tugmen, C., Tuncer, K., Uslu, G., Yesilyurt, D., Karaman, E., Kolusari, A., Yildiz, A., Benson, O., Lule, H., Agilinko, J., Ahmeidat, A., Barabasz, M., Bekheit, M., Cheung, L. K., Colloc, T., Cymes, W., Elhusseini, M., Gradinariu, G., Hannah, A., Kamera, B. S., Mignot, G., Shaikh, S., Sharma, P., Abu-Nayla, I., Agrawal, A., Al-Mohammad, A., Ali, S., Ashcroft, J., Azizi, A., Baker, O., Balakrishnan, A., Byrne, M., Colquhoun, A., Cotter, A., Coughlin, P., Davies, R. J., Durrani, A., Elshaer, M., Fordington, S., Forouhi, P., Georgiades, F., Grimes, H., Habeeb, A., Hudson, V., Hutchinson, P., Irune, E., Jah, A., Khan, D. Z., Kyriacou, H., Lamb, B., Liau, S., Luke, L., Mahmoud, R., Mannion, R., Masterson, L., Mitrofan, C. G., Mohan, M., Morris, A., Murphy, S., O'Neill, R., Price, S., Pushpa-Rajah, J., Raby-Smith, W., Ramzi, J., Rooney, S., Santarius, T., Singh, A., Tan, X. S., Townson, A., Tweedle, E., Walker, C., Waseem, S., Yordanov, S., Jones, T., Kattakayam, A., Loh, C., Lunevicius, R., Pringle, S., Schache, A., Sheel, A., Rossborough, C., Angelou, D., Choynowski, M., Mcaree, B., Mccanny, A., Neely, D., Tutoveanu, G., Ahad, S., De La Cruz Monroy, M. F. I., Mosley, F., Oktseloglou, V., Alanbuki, A., Patel, M., Shabana, A., Perera, E., Raveendran, D., Ravi-Shankar, K., Thiruchelvam, J., Arrowsmith, L., Campbell, W., Grove, T., Kontovounisios, C., Warren, O., Rolland, P., Aggarwal, A., Brown, S., Jelley, C., Neal, N., Clifford, R., Eardley, N., Krishnan, E., Manu, N., Martin, E., Roy Mahapatra, S., Serevina, O. L., Smith, C., Vimalachandran, D., Bordenave, M., Houston, R., Putnam, G., Robson, A., Tustin, H., Emslie, K., Labib, P. L., Marchbank, A., Miller, D., Minto, G., Natale, J., Nwinee, H., Panahi, P., Rogers, L., Abubakar, A., Akhter Rahman, M. M., Ko, K. Y. K., O'Brien, H., Sasapu, K., Woodun, H., Inglis, R., Ng, H. J., De Gea Rico, A., Ghazali, N., Lambert, J., Markose, G., Math, S., Sarantitis, I., Shrestha, D., Sultana, A., Taggarsi, M., Timbrell, S., Vaz, O. P., Vitone, L., Day, A., Dent, H., Fahim, M., Waheed, S., Hunt, A., Laskar, N., Gupta, A., Steinke, J., Thrumurthy, S., Massie, E., Mcgivern, K., Rutherford, D., Wilson, M., Hardie, J., Kazzaz, S., Handa, S., Kaushal, M., Kler, A., Patel, P., Redfern, J., Tezas, S., Aawsaj, Y., Amonkar, S., Blackwell, L., Blake, D., Carter, J., Emerson, H., Fisher, A., Katory, M., Korompelis, P., Mccormick, W., Mustafa, A., Pearce, L., Ratnavelu, N., Reehal, R., Kretzmer, L., Lalou, L., Manku, B., Parwaiz, I., Stafford, J., Abdelkarim, M., Asqalan, A., Gala, T., Ibrahim, S., Maw, A., Mithany, R., Morgan, R., Sundaram Venkatesan, G., Ang, K., Caruana, E. J., Chowdhry, M. F., Mohammad, A., Nakas, A., Rathinam, S., Boal, M., Brown, O., Dwerryhouse, S., Higgs, S., Vallance, A., Boyd, E., Irvine, V., Kirk, A., Bakolas, G., Boulton, A., Chandock, A., Khan, T., Kumar, M., Agoston, P., Bille, A., Challacombe, B., Fraser, S., Harrison-Phipps, K., King, J., Mehra, G., Mills, L., Najdy, M., Nath, R., Okiror, L., Pilling, J., Rizzo, V., Routledge, T., Sayasneh, A., Stroman, L., Wali, A., Fehervari, M., Fotopoulou, C., Habib, N., Hamrang-Yousefi, S., Jawad, Z., Jiao, L., Pai, M., Ploski, J., Rajagopal, P., Saso, S., Sodergren, M., Spalding, D., Laws, S., Hardie, C., Mcnaught, C., Alam, R., Budacan, A., Cahill, J., Kalkat, M., Karandikar, S., Kenyon, L., Naumann, D., Patel, A., Ayorinde, J., Chase, T., Cuming, T., Ghanbari, A., Humphreys, L., Tayeh, S., Aboelkassem Ibrahim, A., Bichoo, R., Cao, H., Chai, A. K. W., Choudhury, J., Evans, C., Fitzjohn, H., Ikram, H., Langstroth, M., Loubani, M., Mcmillan, A., Nazir, S., Qadri, S. S. A., Robinson, A., Ross, E., Sehgal, T., Wilkins, A., Dixon, J., Dunning, J., Freystaetter, K., Jha, M., Lester, S., Madhavan, A., Thulasiraman, S. V., Viswanath, Y., Curl-Roper, T., Delimpalta, C., Liao, C. C. L., Velchuru, V., Westwood, E., Belcher, E., Bond-Smith, G., Chidambaram, S., Di Chiara, F., Fasanmade, K., Fraser, L., Fu, H., Ganau, M., Gore, S., Graystone, J., Jeyaretna, D., Khatkar, H., Lami, M., Maher, M., Mastoridis, S., Mihai, R., Piper, R., Prabhu, S., Risk, O. B. F., Selbong, U., Shah, K., Smillie, R., Soleymani majd, H., Sravanam, S., Stavroulias, D., Tebala, G. D., Vatish, M., Verberne, C., Wallwork, K., Winter, S., Bhatti, M. I., Boyd-Carson, H., Elsey, E., Gemmill, E., Herrod, P., Jibreel, M., Lenzi, E., Saafan, T., Sapre, D., Sian, T., Watson, N., Athanasiou, A., Bourke, G., Bradshaw, L., Brunelli, A., Burke, J., Coe, P., Costigan, F., Elkadi, H., Johnstone, J., Kanatas, A., Kantola, V., Kaufmann, A., Laios, A., Lam, S., Macinnes, E., Munot, S., Nahm, C., Otify, M., Pompili, C., Smith, I., Theophilou, G., Toogood, G., Wade, R., Ward, D., West, C., Annamalai, S., Ashmore, C., Boddy, A., Hossain, T., Kourdouli, A., Gvaramadze, A., Jibril, A., Prusty, L., Thekkinkattil, D., Harky, A., Shackcloth, M., Askari, A., Cirocchi, N., Kudchadkar, S., Patel, K., Sagar, J., Shaw, S., Talwar, R., Abdalla, M., Edmondson, R., Ismail, O., Jones, D., Newton, K., Stylianides, N., Aderombi, A., Andaleeb, U., Bajomo, O., Beatson, K., Garrett, W., Mehmood, M., Ng, V., Al-Habsi, R., Divya, G. S., Keeler, B., Al-Sarireh, B., Egan, R., Harries, R., Henry, A., Kittur, M., Li, Z., Parkins, K., Soliman, F., Spencer, N., Thompson, D., Burgess, C., Gemmell, C., Grieco, C., Hollyman, M., Hunt, L., Morrison, J., Ojha, S., Ryan, N., Abbadessa, F., Barnard, S., Dawe, N., Hammond, J., Mahmoud Ali, F., Mcpherson, I., Mellor, C., Moir, J., Pandanaboyana, S., Powell, J., Rai, B., Roy, C., Sachdeva, A., Saleh, C., Tingle, S., Williams, T., Manickavasagam, J., Mcdonald, C., Mcgrath, N., Mcsorley, N., Ragupathy, K., Ramsay, L., Solth, A., Kakisi, O., Seebah, K., Shaikh, I., Sreedharan, L., Youssef, M., Shah, J., Ameerally, P., Mclarty, N., Mills, S., Shenfine, A., Sahnan, K., Abu, J., Addae-Boateng, E., Bratt, D., Brock, L., Burnside, N., Cadwell-Sneath, S., Gajjar, K., Gan, C., Grundy, C., Hallam, K., Hassell, K., Hawari, M., Joshi, A., Khout, H., Konstantinidi, K., Lee, R. X. N., Nunns, D., Schiemer, R., Walton, T., Weaver, H., Whisker, L., Williamson, K., Mcveigh, J., Myatt, R., Williams, M. A., Kaur, R., Leung, E., Michel, M., Patil, S., Ravindran, S., Sarveswaran, J., Scott, L., Edmond, M., King, E., Almond, M., Breik, O., Cato, L. D., Idle, M., Kamal, M., Kisiel, A., Kulkarni, R., Mak, J. K. C., Martin, T., Nankivell, P., Parente, A., Parmar, S., Pathanki, A. M., Phelan, L., Praveen, P., Saeed, S., Sharma, N., Singh, J., Tirotta, F., Vijayan, D., Geddes, A., Mccaul, J., Mcmahon, J., Khan, A. H., Khan, F., Mansuri, A., Mukherjee, S., Sarigul, M., Singh, S., Tan, K. L., Woodham, A., Adiamah, A., Brewer, H., Chowdhury, A., Evans, J., Humes, D., Jackman, J., Koh, A., Lewis-Lloyd, C., Oyende, O., Reilly, J., Worku, D., Cool, P., Cribb, G., Shepherd, K., Bisset, C., Moug, S., Elson, N., Faulkner, G., Saleh, P., Underwood, C., Brixton, G., Findlay, L., Majkowska, A., Manson, J., Potter, R., Bhalla, A., Chia, Z., Daliya, P., Goyal, A., Grimley, E., Hamad, A., Kumar, A., Malcolm, F. L., Theophilidou, E., Bowden, J., Campain, N., Daniels, I., Fowler, G., John, J., Massey, L., Mcdermott, F., Mcgrath, J., Mclennan, A., Ng, M., Pascoe, J., Rajaretnam, N., Bulathsinhala, S., Davidson, B., Fusai, G., Hidalgo Salinas, C., Machairas, N., Pissanou, T., Pollok, J. M., Raptis, D. A., Soggiu, F., Tzerbinis, H., Xyda, S. E., Beamish, A., Davies, E., Foulkes, R., Magowan, D., Nassa, H., Ooi, R., Price, C., Solari, F., Tang, A., Williams, G., Al-Tamimi, Y., Bacon, A., Beasley, N., Chew, D., Crank, M., Ilenkovan, N., Macdonald, M., Narice, B., Rominiyi, O., Thompson, A., Varley, I., Drake, T., Harrison, E., Linder, G., Mayes, J., Mcgregor, R., Skipworth, R., Zamvar, V., Hawkin, P., Raymond, T., Ryska, O., Baron, R., Dunne, D., Gahunia, S., Halloran, C., Howes, N., Mckinney, R., Mcnicol, F., Russ, J., Szatmary, P., Tan, J. R., Thomas, A., Whelan, P., Anzak, A., Banerjee, A., Fuwa, O., Hughes, F., Jayasinghe, J. D., Knowles, C., Kocher, H., Leal Silva, I., Ledesma, F. S., Minicozzi, A., Navaratne, L., Rahman, R., Ramamoorthy, R., Sohrabi, C., Thaha, M., Thakur, B., Yip, V., Baumber, R., Parry, J., Evans, S., Jeys, L., Morris, G., Parry, M., Ahmadi, N., Aresu, G., Barrett-Brown, Z. M., Coonar, A. S., Durio Yates, H., Gearon, D., Hogan, J., King, M., Peryt, A., Pradeep, I. 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Macdonald, M, Narice, B, Rominiyi, O, Thompson, A, Varley, I, Drake, T, Harrison, E, Linder, G, Mayes, J, Mcgregor, R, Skipworth, R, Zamvar, V, Hawkin, P, Raymond, T, Ryska, O, Baron, R, Dunne, D, Gahunia, S, Halloran, C, Howes, N, Mckinney, R, Mcnicol, F, Russ, J, Szatmary, P, R Tan, J, Thomas, A, Whelan, P, Anzak, A, Banerjee, A, Fuwa, O, Hughes, F, D Jayasinghe, J, Knowles, C, Kocher, H, Leal Silva, I, S Ledesma, F, Minicozzi, A, Navaratne, L, Rahman, R, Ramamoorthy, R, Sohrabi, C, Thaha, M, Thakur, B, Venn, M, Yip, V, Baumber, R, Parry, J, Evans, S, Jeys, L, Morris, G, Parry, M, Ahmadi, N, Aresu, G, M Barrett-Brown, Z, S Coonar, A, Durio Yates, H, Gearon, D, Hogan, J, King, M, Peryt, A, S Pradeep, I, Adishesh, M, Atherton, R, Baxter, K, Brocklehurst, M, Chaudhury, M, Krishnamohan, N, Mcaleer, J, Owens, G, Parkin, E, Patkar, P, Phang, I, Aladeojebi, A, Ali, M, Barmayehvar, B, Gaunt, A, Gowda, M, Halliday, E, Kitchen, M, Mansour, F, Thomas, M, Zakai, D, Abbassi-Ghadi, N, Assalaarachchi, H, Currie, A, Flavin, M, Frampton, A, Hague, M, Hammer, C, Hopper, J, Horsnell, J, Humphries, S, Kamocka, A, K Madhuri, T, Preston, S, Singh, P, Stebbing, J, Tailor, A, Walker, D, Aljanadi, F, Jones, M, Mhandu, P, O'Donnell, C, Turkington, R, Al-Ishaq, Z, Bhasin, S, S Bodla, A, Burahee, A, Crichton, A, Fossett, R, Pigadas, N, Pickford, S, Rahman, E, Snee, D, Vidya, R, Yassin, N, Fountain, D, T Hasan, M, Karabatsou, K, Laurente, R, Pathmanaban, O, Al-Mukhtar, A, Edwards, J, Giblin, A, Kelty, C, Lee, M, Lye, G, Newman, T, Sharkey, A, Steele, C, Sureshkumar Shah, N, Whitehall, E, Athwal, R, Baker, A, Jones, L, Konstantinou, C, Ramcharan, S, Vatish, J, Wilkin, R, Ethunandan, M, K Sekhon, G, Shields, H, Singh, R, Wensley, F, Lawday, S, Lyons, A, Abbott, T, Anwar, S, Ghufoor, K, Chung, E, Hagger, R, Hainsworth, A, Karim, A, Owen, H, Ramwell, A, Williams, K, Baker, C, Davies, A, Gossage, J, Kelly, M, Knight, W, Hall, J, Harris, G, James, G, Kang, C, J Lin, D, D Rajgor, A, Royle, T, Scurrah, R, Steel, B, J Watson, L, Choi, D, Hutchison, R, Jain, A, Luoma, V, Marcus, H, May, R, Menon, A, Pramodana, B, Webber, L, A Aneke, I, Asaad, P, Brown, B, Collis, J, Duff, S, Khan, A, Moura, F, Wadham, B, Warburton, H, Elmoslemany, T, Jenkinson, M, Millward, C, Zakaria, R, Mccluney, S, Parmar, C, Shah, S, Allison, J, S Babar, M, Collard, B, Goodrum, S, Lau, K, Scott, R, Thomas, E, Whitmore, H, Balasubramaniam, D, Jayasankar, B, Kapoor, S, Ramachandran, A, Elhamshary, A, Imam, Smb, Kapriniotis, K, Kasivisvanathan, V, Lindsay, J, Rakhshani-Moghadam, S, Beech, N, Chand, M, Green, L, Kalavrezos, N, Kiconco, H, Mcewen, R, Schilling, C, Sinha, D, Pereca, J, Chopra, S, Egbeare, D, Thomas, R, Combellack, T, Jones, Sef, Kornaszewska, M, Mohammed, M, Sharma, A, Tahhan, G, Valtzoglou, V, Williams, J, Eskander, P, Gash, K, Gourbault, L, Hanna, M, Maccabe, T, Newton, C, Olivier, J, Rozwadowski, S, Teh, E, West, D, Al-Omishy, H, Baig, M, Bates, H, Di Taranto, G, Dickson, K, Dunne, N, Gill, C, Howe, D, Jeevan, D, Khajuria, A, Martin-Ucar AMcEvoy, K, Naredla, P, Robertson, S, Sait, M, R Sarma, D, Shanbhag, S, Shortland, T, Simmonds, S, Skillman, J, Tewari, N, Walton, G, A Akhtar, M, Brunt, A, Mcintyre, J, Milne, K, M Rashid, M, Sgro, A, E Stewart, K, Turnbull, A, Aguilar Gonzalez, M, Talukder, S, Boyle, C, Fernando, D, Gallagher, K, Laird, A, Tham, D, Bath, M, Patki, P, Tanabalan, C, Arif, T, Magee, C, Nambirajan, T, Powell, S, Vinayagam, R, Flindall, I, Hanson, A, Mahendran, V, Green, S, Lim, M, Macdonald, L, Miu, V, Onos, L, Sheridan, K, Young, R, Alam, F, Griffiths, O, Houlden, C, Jones, R, S Kolli, V, K Lala, A, Leeson, S, Peevor, R, Seymour, Z, Chen, L, Henderson, E, Loehrer, A, Brown, K, Fleming, D, Heron, C, Hill, C, Kay, H, Leede, E, Mcelhinney, K, Olson, K, C Osterberg, E, Riley, C, Srikanth, P, Thornhill, M, Blazer, D, Dilalla, G, S Hwang, E, Lee, W, Lidsky, M, Plichta, J, Rosenberger, L, Scheri, R, Turnage, K, Visgauss, J, Zani, S, Farma, J, Clark, J, Kwon, D, Etchill, E, E Gabre-Kidan AJenny, H, Kent, A, Ladd, M, Long, C, Malapati, H, Margalit, A, Rapaport, S, Rose, J, Stevens, K, Tsai, L, Vervoort, D, Yesantharao, P, Dehal, A, Klaristenfeld, D, Huynh, K, Brown, L, Ganly, I, Mullinax, J, Gusani, N, Hazelton, J, Maines, J, S Oh, J, Ssentongo, A, Ssentongo, P, Azam, M, Choudhry, A, Marx, W, Fleming, J, Fuson, A, Gigliotti, J, Ovaitt, A, Ying, Y, K Abel, M, Andaya, V, Bigay, K, A Boeck, M, Chern, H, Corvera, C, El-Sayed, I, Glencer, A, Ha, P, Hamilton, Bc, Heaton, C, Hirose, K, M Jablons, D, Kirkwood, K, Z Kornblith, L, R Kratz, J, Lee, R, N Miller, P, Nakakura, E, Nunez-Garcia, B, O'Donnell, R, Ozgediz, D, Park, P, Robinson, B, Sarin, A, Sheu, B, Varma, M, Wai, K, Wustrack, R, J Xu, M, Beswick, D, Goddard, J, Manor, J, Song, J, Fullmer, T, Gaskill, C, Gross, N, Kiong, K, L Roland, C, N Zafar, S, Abdallah, M, Abouassi, A, Almasri, M, Kulkarni, G, Marwan, H, Mehdi, M, Aoun, S, S Ban, V, H Batjer, H, Caruso, J, Abbott, D, Acher, A, Aiken, T, Barrett, J, Foley, E, Schwartz, P, Hawkins, A, Maiga, A, Laufer, J, Scasso, S, Surgery, Graduate School, Glasbey, J, Nepogodiev, D, Simoes, J, Omar, O, Li, E, Abou Chaar, M, Chaudhry, D, Videria, J, Gujjuri, R, Kaafarani, H, Minaya-Bravo, A, Mckay, S, Roberts, K, Miguel-Mendez, C, Smart, N, Stewart, G, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques (IVH), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COVIDSurg Collaborative, Kolias, Angelos [0000-0003-3992-0587], Stewart, Grant [0000-0003-3188-9140], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Glasbey JC, Nepogodiev D, Simoes JFF, Omar O, Li E, Venn ML, Pgdme, Abou Chaar MK, Capizzi V, Chaudhry D, Desai A, Edwards JG, Evans JP, Fiore M, Videria JF, Ford SJ, Ganly I, Griffiths EA, Gujjuri RR, Kolias AG, Kaafarani HMA, Minaya-Bravo A, McKay SC, Mohan HM, Roberts KJ, San Miguel-Méndez C, Pockney P, Shaw R, Smart NJ, Stewart GD, Sundar Mrcog S, Vidya R, Bhangu AA, COVIDSurg Collaborative, Palmerini Emanuela, Frisoni Tommaso, Donati Davide, A Belvedere, P Bernante, P Bertoglio, S Boussedra, E Brunocilla, R Cipriani, G Cisternino, E De Crescenzo, P De Iaco, G Dondi, F Frio, E Jovine, F Mineo Bianchi, J Neri, D Parlanti, A M Perrone, A P Pezzuto, M Pignatti, V Pinto, G Poggioli, M Ravaioli, M Rottoli, R Schiavina, M Serenari, M Serra, P Solli, M Taffurelli, M Tanzanu, M Tesei, T Violante, S Zanotti, V Tonini, M Cervellera, A Gori, L Sartarelli, Glasbey, James C, Simoes, Joana F F, Venn, Mary L, Pgdme, null, Abou Chaar, Mohammad K, Edwards, Jonathan G, Evans, Jonathan P, Videria, Jose Flavio, Ford, Samuel J, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Kolias, Angelos G, Kaafarani, Haytham M A, McKay, Siobhan C, Mohan, Helen M, Roberts, Keith J, Smart, Neil J, Stewart, Grant D, Sundar Mrcog, Sudha, and Bhangu, Aneel A, Toia, F
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Outcome Assessment, International Cooperation, Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, Settore MED/19 - Chirurgia Plastica, 030230 surgery, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19, Cohort Studies, Critical Care, Elective Surgical Procedures, Epidemics, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Postoperative Complications, SARS-CoV-2, 0302 clinical medicine, Operating theater, cohort studies, Health care, middle aged, 80 and over, Medicine, Lung, Cancer, COVID-19/epidemiology, OUTCOMES, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Pulmonary Complication, ORIGINAL REPORTS, aged, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pneumonia & Influenza, Patient Safety, Elective Surgical Procedure, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 6.4 Surgery, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, elective surgical procedures/methods, Logistic Model, Health Care, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Epidemic, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, cancer surgery, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, epidemics, COVIDSurg Collaborative, NO, outcome assessment, health care/methods, 03 medical and health sciences, male, Settore MED/28 - Malattie Odontostomatologiche, Clinical Research, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Elective surgery, Elective Cancer Surgery in SARS-CoV-2, Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19, covid 19, sars-cov-2, Science & Technology, business.industry, Prevention, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Pneumonia, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Good Health and Well Being, neoplasms/surgery, critical care/methods, Emergency medicine, postoperative complications/prevention & control, Neoplasm, Postoperative Complication, Cohort Studie, business, aged, 80 and over, SARS-CoV-2/physiology, logistic models
Abstract: PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. Copyright © 2020 American Society of Clinical Oncology. All rights reserved. Bowel and Cancer Research; Sarcoma UK; Yorkshire Cancer Research; European Society of Coloproctology; National Institute for Health Research: 16.136.79; Bowel Disease Research Foundation; Urology Foundation Supported by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Unit grant (NIHR 16.136.79) using UK aid from the UK government to support global health research, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel & Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research. The funders had no role in the study design; data collection, analysis, and interpretation; or writing of this report. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, NIHR, or UK Department of Health and Social Care.
Published: 2021

14. Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author: Jessica Jones, Leo Swadling, Charlotte Manisty, Joshua Rosenheim, Jonathan Lambourne, Wing-Yiu Jason Lee, Aneesh Chandran, Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Áine McKnight, Ben O’Brien, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Joseph M Gibbons, Rosemary J. Boyton, James C. Moon, Nigel J. Temperton, Catherine J. Reynolds, Tim Brooks, COVIDsortium Investigators, David Butler, Mervyn Andiapen, Meleri Jones, Corinna Pade, Sasha N. L. Bailey, Nathalie M. Schmidt, Sam M. Murray, Oliver E. Amin, Mariana O. Diniz, Daniel M. Altmann, Benjamin M. Chain, Thomas A. Treibel, Angelique Smit, Mala K. Maini, Stephen Taylor, George Joy, Cecilia Di Genova, Franziska P Pieper, Marianna Fontana, Melanie Jensen, and Amanda Semper
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, T cell, T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, Antibodies, Viral, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Immunity, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neutralizing antibody, Asymptomatic Infections, COVIDsortium investigators, Research Articles, QR355, biology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, R-Articles, Case-control study, COVID-19, General Medicine, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Coronavirus, Titer, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, COVIDsortium immune correlates network, Antibody, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 of whom had mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present in 89% of previously infected HCW. T cell responses tended to be lower following asymptomatic infection than in those reporting case-definition symptoms of COVID-19, while nAb titers were maintained irrespective of symptoms. T cell and antibody responses were sometimes discordant. Eleven percent lacked nAb and had undetectable T cell responses to spike protein but had T cells reactive with other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our findings suggest that the majority of individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection carry nAb complemented by multispecific T cell responses at 16-18 weeks after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection., Uncoupling of neutralizing antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens occurs in some mild or asymptomatic cases of COVID-19.
Published: 2020

15. Healthcare workers with mild / asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection show T cell responses and neutralising antibodies after the first wave

Author: Jonathan Lambourne, Catherine J. Reynolds, Angelique Smit, Amanda Semper, Wing-Yiu Jason Lee, Nathalie M. Schmidt, Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Charlotte Manisty, Rosemary J. Boyton, Marianna Fontana, Mala K. Mani, Stephen Talyor, Tim Brooks, COVIDsortium Investigators, James C. Moon, Joseph M Gibbons, Joshua Rosenheim, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Jessica Jones, Leo Swadling, Daniel M. Altmann, Corinna Pade, Mariana O. Diniz, Melanie Jensen, David Butler, Sasha N. L. Bailey, Aneesh Chandran, Meleri Jones, Áine McKnight, Mervyn Andiapen, Nigel J. Temperton, Oliver E. Amin, Thomas A. Treibel, George Joy, Benjamin M. Chain, Cecilia Di Genova, and Ben O’Brien
Subjects: biology, business.industry, T cell, Acquired immune system, Asymptomatic, Serology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunity, Cohort, Immunology, Pandemic, biology.protein, Medicine, Antibody, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Studies of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 include characterisation of lethal, severe and mild cases1-8. Understanding how long immunity lasts in people who have had mild or asymptomatic infection is crucial. Healthcare worker (HCW) cohorts exposed to and infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the early stages of the pandemic are an invaluable resource to study this question9-14. The UK COVIDsortium is a longitudinal, London hospital HCW cohort, followed from the time of UK lockdown9,10 ; weekly PCR, serology and symptom diaries allowed capture of asymptomatic infection around the time of onset, so duration of immunity could be tracked. Here, we conduct a cross-sectional, case-control, sub-study of 136 HCW at 16-18 weeks after UK lockdown, with 76 having had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 mild or asymptomatic infection. Neutralising antibodies (nAb) were present in 90% of infected HCW sampled after the first wave; titres, likely to correlate with functional protection, were present in 66% at 16-18 weeks. T cell responses tended to be lower in asymptomatic infected HCW than those reporting case-definition symptoms of COVID-19, while nAb titres were maintained irrespective of symptoms. T cell and antibody responses were discordant. HCW lacking nAb also showed undetectable T cells to Spike protein but had T cells of other specificities. Our findings suggest that the majority of HCW with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection carry nAb complemented by multi-specific T cell responses for at least 4 months after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Published: 2020

16. Aggregating fields of annual crops to form larger-scale monocultures can suppress dispersal-limited herbivores

Author: Moran Segoli, Collin B. Edwards, and Jay A. Rosenheim
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Herbivore, education.field_of_study, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Foraging, Population, Pest control, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Spatial heterogeneity, Biological dispersal, PEST analysis, Landscape ecology, education, business
Abstract: An important part of landscape ecology is determining how the arrangement (aggregation or fragmentation) of patches in space influences the population dynamics of foraging organisms. One hypothesis in agricultural ecology is that fine-grain spatial heterogeneity in cropping (many small agricultural fields) should provide better pest control than coarse-grain heterogeneity (few large agricultural fields); this hypothesis has been proposed as an explanation for the increased pest abundance associated with agricultural intensification. However, empirical studies have found mixed support for this hypothesis, and some, surprisingly, demonstrate a strong decrease in pest abundance with increased crop aggregation. We developed a spatially explicit simulation model of pest movement across an agricultural landscape to uncover basic processes that could reduce pest abundance in landscapes with fewer, larger fields. This model focuses on herbivore movement and does not include predation effects or other biological interactions. We found that field aggregation in the model led to severely reduced pest densities and further discovered that this relationship was due to an increased distance between fields and a decreased “target area” in more aggregated landscapes. The features that create a negative relationship between aggregation and pest densities rely on crop rotation and limited dispersal capabilities of the pests. These findings help to explain seemingly counter-intuitive empirical studies and provide an expectation for when field aggregation may reduce pest populations in agro-ecosystems.
Published: 2018

17. Petroleum hydrocarbon persistence following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill as a function of shoreline energy

Author: Brad E. Rosenheim, Zhanfei Liu, Meredith Evans, Hernando P. Bacosa, and Jiqing Liu
Subjects: Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Disasters, chemistry.chemical_compound, Petroleum Pollution, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, Gulf of Mexico, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Fossil fuel, Environmental engineering, Sediment, Louisiana, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, Petroleum industry, Salt marsh, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Petroleum, business, Bay, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: An important aspect of oil spill science is understanding how the compounds within spilled oil, especially toxic components, change with weathering. In this study we follow the evolution of petroleum hydrocarbons, including n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs, on a Louisiana beach and salt marsh for three years following the Deepwater Horizon spill. Relative to source oil, we report overall depletion of low molecular weight n-alkanes and PAHs in all locations with time. The magnitude of depletion, however, depends on the sampling location, whereby sites with highest wave energy have highest compound depletion. Oiled sediment from an enclosed bay shows high enrichment of high molecular weight PAHs relative to 17α(H),21β(H)-hopane, suggesting the contribution from sources other than the Deepwater Horizon spill, such as fossil fuel burning. This insight into hydrocarbon persistence as a function of hydrography and hydrocarbon source can inform policy and response for future spills.
Published: 2017

18. Ecoinformatics (Big Data) for Agricultural Entomology: Pitfalls, Progress, and Promise

Author: Claudio Gratton and Jay A. Rosenheim
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, business.industry, Best practice, Ecology (disciplines), Big data, Computational Biology, Agriculture, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Data science, Experimental research, 010602 entomology, Ecoinformatics, Insect Science, Temporal scales, business, Entomology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Strengths and weaknesses
Abstract: Ecoinformatics, as defined in this review, is the use of preexisting data sets to address questions in ecology. We provide the first review of ecoinformatics methods in agricultural entomology. Ecoinformatics methods have been used to address the full range of questions studied by agricultural entomologists, enabled by the special opportunities associated with data sets, nearly all of which have been observational, that are larger and more diverse and that embrace larger spatial and temporal scales than most experimental studies do. We argue that ecoinformatics research methods and traditional, experimental research methods have strengths and weaknesses that are largely complementary. We address the important interpretational challenges associated with observational data sets, highlight common pitfalls, and propose some best practices for researchers using these methods. Ecoinformatics methods hold great promise as a vehicle for capitalizing on the explosion of data emanating from farmers, researchers, and the public, as novel sampling and sensing techniques are developed and digital data sharing becomes more widespread.
Published: 2017

19. The Senecan Tragedy of Feste in Twelfth Night

Author: Judith Rosenheim
Subjects: Literature, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Tragedy (event), Art, business, media_common
Published: 2019

20. Measuring What Matters: Actionable Information for Conservation Biocontrol in Multifunctional Landscapes

Author: Teja Tscharntke, Wei Zhang, Megan E. O'Rourke, Daniel S. Karp, Brian E. Robinson, Claudio Gratton, Nancy A. Schellhorn, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, and Jay A. Rosenheim
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Decision support system, Land management, Behavioural sciences, lcsh:TX341-641, Horticulture, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, natural enemies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, stakeholders, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, Mainstream, Natural enemies, Environmental planning, Risk management, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, decision-support, Ecology, lcsh:TP368-456, business.industry, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Food processing and manufacture, 13. Climate action, Business, ecosystem services, Agronomy and Crop Science, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, pest control, Food Science
Abstract: Despite decades of study, conservation biocontrol via manipulation of landscape elements has not become a mainstream strategy for pest control. Meanwhile, conservation groups and governments rarely consider the impacts of land management on pest control, and growers can even fear that conservation biocontrol strategies may exacerbate pest problems. By finding leverage points among these actors, there may be opportunities to align them to promote more widespread adoption of conservation biological control at the landscape-scale. But are ecologists measuring the right things and presenting the right evidence to enable such alignment? We articulate key concerns of growers, conservation groups, and governments with regards to implementing conservation biological control at the landscape scale and argue that if ecologists want to gain more traction, we need to reconsider what we measure, for what goals, and for which audiences. A wider set of landscape objectives that ecologists should consider in our measurements include risk management for growers and co-benefits of multifunctional landscapes for public actors. Ecologists need to shift our paradigm toward longer-term, dynamic measurements, and build cross-disciplinary understanding with socioeconomic and behavioral sciences, to enable better integration of the objectives of these diverse actors that will be necessary for landscape management for conservation biocontrol to achieve its full potential.
Published: 2019

21. Impacts of Fruit-Feeding Arthropod Pests on Oranges and Mandarins in California

Author: Jay A. Rosenheim, Bodil N. Cass, Lindsey M Hack, and Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Integrated pest management, Citrus, 01 natural sciences, California, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Arthropods, Ecology, biology, Thrips, business.industry, Thysanoptera, Pest control, General Medicine, Thripidae, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, Fruit abscission, Agriculture, Insect Science, Fruit, PEST analysis, business, Citrus × sinensis, Citrus sinensis
Abstract: One of the major challenges facing citrus integrated pest management (IPM) in California is the recent, sharp increase in the acreage of mandarins being planted. The current citrus IPM guidelines have been established from years of experiments and experience in oranges, with no specific guidelines for mandarins. In the absence of research into key arthropod pest effects in mandarins, the assumption that the pest management practices for oranges appropriately transfer for optimal production in mandarins has not been tested. We used a data mining or ‘ecoinformatics’ approach in which we compiled and analyzed production records collected by growers and pest control advisors to gain an overview of direct pest densities and their relationships with fruit damage for 202 commercial groves, each surveyed for 1–10 yr in the main production region of California. Pest densities were different among four commonly grown species of citrus marketed as mandarins (Citrus reticulata, C. clementina, C. unshiu, and C. tangelo) compared with the standard Citrus sinensis sweet oranges, for fork-tailed bush katydids (Scudderia furcata Brunner von Wattenwyl [Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae]), and citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri Moulton [Thysanoptera: Thripidae]). Citrus reticulata had notably low levels of fruit damage, suggesting they have natural resistance to direct pests, especially fork-tailed bush katydids. These results suggest that mandarin-specific research and recommendations would improve citrus IPM. More broadly, this is an example of how an ecoinformatics approach can serve as a complement to traditional experimental methods to raise new and unexpected hypotheses that expand our understanding of agricultural systems.
Published: 2019

22. A common language? How British books translate for American readers

Author: Rosenheim, Andrew
Subjects: Americans, Book publishing, English language in the United States, British, Advertising, marketing and public relations, Business, Publishing industry
Abstract: At first glance, Ian McEwan seems an unlikely representative of the multiracial, multicultural Britain that's emerged in the last 20 years. He's white, middle-aged and studied writing under Malcolm Bradbury [...]
Published: 2005

23. Landscape crop composition effects on cotton yield,Lygus hesperusdensities and pesticide use

Author: Tania Zaviezo, Jay A. Rosenheim, and Matthew H. Meisner
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, business.industry, Crop yield, fungi, Pest control, food and beverages, General Medicine, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Crop, 010602 entomology, Agronomy, Lygus hesperus, Agriculture, Insect Science, Yield (wine), PEST analysis, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND Landscape crop composition surrounding agricultural fields is known to affect the density of crop pests, but quantifying these effects, as well as measuring how they translate to changes in yield, is difficult. Using a large dataset consisting of 1498 records of commercial cotton production in California between 1997 and 2008, we explored the relationship between landscape composition and cotton yield, the density of Lygus hesperus (a key cotton pest) at field-level and within-field spatial scales and pesticide use. RESULTS We found that the crop composition immediately adjacent to a cotton field was associated with substantial differences in cotton yield, L. hesperus density and pesticide use. Furthermore, crops that tended to be associated with increased L. hesperus density also tended to be associated with increased pesticide use and decreased cotton yield. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a possible mechanism by which landscape composition can affect cotton yield: by increasing the density of pests which in turn damage cotton plants. Our quantification of how surrounding crops affect pest densities, and in turn yield, in cotton fields has significant impacts for cotton farmers, who can use this information to help optimize crop selection and ranch layout. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Published: 2016

24. Variation in pesticide use across crops in California agriculture: Economic and ecological drivers

Author: Hanna M Kahl, Jay A. Rosenheim, Kimberly Steinmann, and Bodil N. Cass
Subjects: Integrated pest management, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Perennial plant, business.industry, Ecology, fungi, Pest control, food and beverages, 010501 environmental sciences, Pesticide, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Crop, Pesticide use, Agriculture, Environmental Chemistry, PEST analysis, business, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Pesticide use is a key component of efficient crop production, but is associated with a suite of costs. Understanding the main drivers of pesticide use will help us target research to develop effective alternatives. Although economic models predict, and empirical tests confirm, that the value of the crop being protected is an important determinant of between-crop variation in pesticide use, previous tests of this prediction have examined only modest numbers of crops and have not assessed the relative importance of crop value versus ecological determinants of pesticide use. Here we analyze variation in pesticide use across 93 crops grown in California, USA. We examine the joint roles of crop value and ecological determinants of pesticide use, including (i) the number of pest species associated with each crop; (ii) the distinction between annual vs. perennial crops; and (iii) the distinction between unprocessed vs. processed crops. As predicted, crop value was the dominant driver of the use of pesticides directed at arthropods and at plant pathogens, explaining 52.7% and 54.6% of total deviance, respectively. Ecological determinants of pesticide use were, however, also detected. Pesticide use was greater on crops that hosted a larger number of arthropod pest species (r = 0.32) or plant pathogen species (r = 0.29); for these pest groups, we saw no differences in pesticide use between annual vs. perennial crops, or processed vs. unprocessed crops. Perhaps surprisingly, crop value failed to explain the substantial between-crop variation in use of pesticides targeting weeds (1.7% of deviance explained, n.s.). Instead, an ecological factor, whether the crop was an annual versus a perennial plant, was the most important predictor of pesticide use against weeds, with more frequent applications on perennial crops. We conclude that both economic and ecological drivers influence the magnitude of potential crop losses, thereby shaping farmer pest control practices.
Published: 2020

25. Risk Management in Maldives Sharing Practical Experience and Lessons Learned

Author: Salvador Duart, Roble Poe Velasco-Rosenheim, and Aileen Pangilinan
Subjects: Trade facilitation, business.industry, Cross border trade, Business, International trade, Risk management
Published: 2018

26. Disaster impacts on cost and utilization of Medicare

Author: Nathanael Rosenheim, Jennifer A. Horney, and Shannon C. Grabich
Subjects: Male, Health Services for the Aged, Frail Elderly, Administrative data, Poison control, Eligibility Determination, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Determinants of health, Medicare, Occupational safety and health, Health administration, Disasters, 03 medical and health sciences, Access / demand / utilization, Insurance Claim Review, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Per capita, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Natural disaster, Aged, Emergency management, business.industry, Aging / older adults, Health Policy, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:RA1-1270, Hazard, United States, Female, Health Services Research, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background To estimate changes in the cost and utilization of Medicare among beneficiaries over age 65 who have been impacted by a natural disaster, we merged publically available county-level Medicare claims for the years 2008–2012 with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data related to disasters in each U.S. County from 2007 to 2012. Methods Fixed-effects generalized linear models were used to calculate change in per capita costs standardized by region and utilization per 1000 beneficiaries at the county level. Aggregate county demographic characteristics of Medicare participants were included as predictors of change in county-level utilization and cost. FEMA data was used to determine counties that experienced no, some, high, and extreme hazard exposure. FEMA data was merged with claims data to create a balanced panel dataset from 2008 to 2012. Results In general, both cost and utilization of Medicare services were higher in counties with more hazard exposure. However, utilization of home health services was lower in counties with more hazard exposure. Conclusions Additional research using individual-level data is needed to address limitations and determine the impacts of the substitution of services (e.g., inpatient rehabilitation for home health) that may be occurring in disaster affected areas during the post-disaster period.
Published: 2018

27. Hindcasting Validation of a Resilience Computational Environment Architecture: Community Level Damage Assessment following the 2011 Joplin, Missouri Tornado

Author: Navid Attary, Stephanie F. Pilkington, Sammy Zahran, Jong Sung Lee, Maria Koliou, Christopher M. Navarro, Harvey Cutler, Nathanael Rosenheim, Walter Gillis Peacock, Yong Wook Kim, Hussam Mahmoud, and John W. van de Lindt
Subjects: Community level, Computer science, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Hindcast, Computational environment, Architecture, Tornado, Resilience (network), business
Published: 2018

28. PNAS

Author: Miriam Kishinevsky, Lucie Raymond, Aldo De la Mora, Örjan Östman, Haijun Xiao, Linda J. Thomson, David J. Perović, F. J. Frank van Veen, Richard F. Pywell, Bea Maas, Noelline Tsafack, George E. Heimpel, Ricardo Perez-Alvarez, Fabrice DeClerck, Ben P. Werling, Jennifer B. Wickens, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Daniel S. Karp, Riccardo Bommarco, Ignazio Graziosi, Pierre Franck, Teja Tscharntke, J.M. Baveco, Carsten F. Dormann, Christof Schüepp, Claire Lavigne, Henrik G. Smith, James O. Eckberg, Sonja Stutz, Heidi Liere, Philippe Menozzi, Julia Saulais, Aaron L. Iverson, Tadashi Miyashita, Megan E. O'Rourke, Diego J. Inclán, Milan Plećaš, Timothy D. Meehan, Felix J.J.A. Bianchi, Michael J. Brewer, Gudrun Schneider, Katja Jacot, Muriel Valantin-Morison, Soroush Parsa, Nicolas Desneux, Lynn S. Adler, Gonzalo Alberto Roman Molina, Yves Carrière, Adrien Rusch, Vesna Gagic, Marco A. Molina-Montenegro, Luis Cayuela, Zsofia Szendrei, Mattias Jonsson, Ariane Chabert, Peter B. Goodell, Ben A. Woodcock, Daniel Paredes, Deborah K. Letourneau, Kaitlin Stack Whitney, Dominic C. Henri, Therese Pluess, Nancy A. Schellhorn, Gregg A. Johnson, Douglas A. Landis, Lorenzo Marini, Matthias Albrecht, Yael Lubin, Eric Bohnenblust, Kevi Mace, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Anne-Marie Cortesero, Mary Centrella, Chris Sargent, Marina Kaiser, Simon G. Potts, Benoit Ricci, Giovanni Tamburini, Audrey Alignier, Filipe Madeira, Wei Zhang, Akira Yoshioka, Berta Caballero-López, Mai van Trinh, Matthew G. E. Mitchell, Eva Diehl, Aleksandar Ćetković, Hazel R. Parry, Daniela Fiedler, Jessica Schäckermann, Matthias Tschumi, Mika Yasuda, Tatyana A. Rand, Anders S. Huseth, Yann Tricault, Geoff M. Gurr, Michael A. Nash, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Damie Pak, Heather Grab, Xavier Pons, Klaus Birkhofer, Itai Opatovsky, Manuel Plantegenest, Stephen D. Wratten, Sebaastian Ortiz-Martinez, Joop de Kraker, N. Schmidt, Debissa Lemessa, Michael P.D. Garratt, Tamar Keasar, Lauren Hunt, Tim Diekötter, Viktoria Mader, John D. Herrmann, Alejandro C. Costamagna, Kerri T. Vierling, Luísa G. Carvalheiro, Hisatomo Taki, Thomas Frank, Sandrine Petit, David W. Ragsdale, Holly M. Martinson, Jay A. Rosenheim, Anne Le Ralec, Annie Ouin, Yanhui Lu, Tania N. Kim, Yi Zou, Wopke van der Werf, Victoria J. Wickens, Blas Lavandero, Awraris Getachew, Zachary Hajian-Forooshani, Adam J. Ingrao, Alejandra Martínez-Salinas, David J. Gonthier, Phirun, Ashley E. Larsen, Laura E. Jones, Péter Batáry, Julie A. Peterson, Muhammad Zubair Anjum, Frances S. Sivakoff, Claudio Gratton, Eliana Martínez, Mayura B. Takada, Gina M. Angelella, Tim Luttermoser, Martin H. Entling, Stacy M. Philpott, Matthew E. O'Neal, Jacques Avelino, Russell L. Groves, Joe M. Kaser, Katja Poveda, Emily A. Martin, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department Science, RS-Research Line Learning (part of LIRS program), National Science Foundation (US), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Karp, Daniel S.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Ecosytem services, Biodiversity, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Models, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Biological Sciences, PE&RC, PNAS Plus, Habitat, Biological control, agroecology, biodiversity, biological control, ecosytem services, natural enemies, Crop and Weed Ecology, Crops, Agricultural, Conservation of Natural Resources, Life on Land, Natural enemies, Crops, Biology, Sustainability Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, Ecology and Environment, Biodiversity and Ecology, Sylviculture, foresterie, Agroecology, Animals, Ecosystem, Pest Control, Biological, Commentaries, CONFIGURATION, Ecologie, Environnement, Agricultural, Agricultural/growth & development, business.industry, Habitat conservation, Pest control, Farm Systems Ecology Group, 15. Life on land, SIMPLIFICATION, Biological, 010602 entomology, Crops, Agricultural/growth & development, IPM, Species richness, Pest Control, Landscape ecology, business
Abstract: The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies., This work was supported through the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) National Science Foundation Award DBI-1052875 for the project “Evidence and Decision-Support Tools for Controlling Agricultural Pests with Conservation Interventions” organized by D.S.K. and R.C.-K
Published: 2018

29. The impact of natural disasters on medicare costs in U.S. gulf coast states

Author: Tiffany A. Radcliff, Nathanael Rosenheim, Hongwei Zhao, and Jennifer A. Horney
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Natural Disasters, utilization, Observational Study, Medicare, disasters, 03 medical and health sciences, Mississippi, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, cost, Health care, Humans, Medicine, National Health Interview Survey, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Natural disaster, Health policy, Emergency management, business.industry, Public health, Health Care Costs, General Medicine, Louisiana, Texas, Hazard, United States, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Alabama, Florida, Rural area, business, Research Article
Abstract: Medicare utilization and costs for residents of the U.S. Gulf Coast, who are highly vulnerable to natural disasters, may be impacted by their disaster exposure. To estimate differences in healthcare utilization by disaster exposure, we calculated Medicare expenditures among residents of U.S. Gulf States and compared them with expenditures among residents of other regions of the U.S. Panel models were used to calculate changes in overall Medicare expenditures, inpatient expenditures, and home health expenditures for 32,819 Medicare beneficiaries. Individual demographic characteristics were included as predictors of change in expenditures. Medicare beneficiaries with National Health Interview Survey participation were identified and Part A claims were linked. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data was used to determine counties that experienced no, some, high, and extreme hazard exposure. FEMA data was merged with Medicare claims data to create a panel dataset from 2001 to 2007. Medicare Part A claims for the years 2001 to 2007 were merged with FEMA data related to disasters in each U.S. County. Overall Medicare costs, as well as costs for inpatient and home health care for residents of states located along the U.S. Gulf Coast (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida) were compared to costs for residents of the rest of the U.S. Expenditures among residents of U.S. Gulf States decreased with increased hazard exposure. Decreases in inpatient expenditures persisted in the years following a disaster. The use of beneficiary-level data highlights the potential for natural hazards to impact health care costs. This study demonstrates the possibility that exposure to more severe disasters may limit access to health care and therefore reduce expenditures. Additional research is needed to determine if there is a substitution of services (e.g., inpatient rehabilitation for home health) in disaster-affected areas during the post-disaster period.
Published: 2019

30. Spatial and temporal variation in sugar availability for insect parasitoids in agricultural fields and consequences for reproductive success

Author: Jay A. Rosenheim and Michal Segoli
Subjects: biology, Reproductive success, business.industry, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, fungi, Foraging, Pest control, Biological pest control, Longevity, biology.organism_classification, Parasitoid, Toxicology, Insect Science, Nectar, business, Sugar, Agronomy and Crop Science, media_common
Abstract: highlights Feeding on honey enhanced the longevity of Anagrus parasitoids in the laboratory. Feeding rates and survival of Anagrus parasitoids in the field were low, suggesting many die of starvation. Feeding rates differed among field sites and decreased as the season progressed. Feeding rates had a weak positive effect on the reproductive success of Anagrus females in the field. graphical a bstract abstract Our ability to improve biological control of insect pests depends on our understanding of factors that limit the reproductive success of their natural enemies in the field. Pest control by parasitoids in agricultural fields can be compromised by the availability of sugar resources. We studied sugar availability for Anagrus parasitoids that parasitize the eggs of leafhopper pests (genus Erythroneura) in vineyards in northern Cal- ifornia. Laboratory assays indicated that parasitoids survive less than a day on average without feeding, and 3 days when supplied with honey. We captured foraging parasitoids in five unsprayed vineyards in north- ern California and applied a simple chemical test to assay the presence of sugar in their abdomen. Parasitoid abundance decreased throughout the day (08:00-16:00 h), suggesting that many parasitoids survive less than a day in the field. The proportion of feeding (sugar-positive) individuals was generally low (10% on average); it varied among field sites and decreased as the season progressed (from July to October). Par- asitoids captured in the afternoon were more often found with sugar in their guts compared to those cap- tured in the morning hours. This may be explained by a direct positive effect of sugar on parasitoid survival, but may also result from longer-lived parasitoids simply having more time to locate scarce sugar resources. The egg loads of female parasitoids were negatively related to sugar availability, suggesting that sugar increases oviposition success, although we could not rule out a causal role for other site-date specific fac- tors. Overall, our results suggest that Anagrus parasitoids in vineyards may be limited by sugar availability, and that adding sugar resources such as flowering cover crops, especially towards the end of the season, could potentially improve their efficacy as biological control agents. However, this is only likely to be suc- cessful in combination with the elimination of other factors that compromise parasitoid success.
Published: 2013

31. Costs of Lygus Herbivory on Cotton Associated With Farmer Decision-Making: An Ecoinformatics Approach

Author: Jay A. Rosenheim
Subjects: Integrated pest management, Herbivore, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Defoliant, food and beverages, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Abscission, chemistry, Lygus hesperus, Agronomy, Agriculture, Ecoinformatics, Insect Science, Lygus, business
Abstract: Because the farmer is typically excluded from the experimental research setting, experimental research may face challenges in evaluating pest management tactics whose costs and benefits hinge on farmer decision-making. In these cases an ecoinformatics approach, in which observational data collected from the commercial farming setting are “mined” to quantify both biological variables and farmer behavior, can complement experimentation as a useful research tool. Here I analyze such an observational data set to characterize associations between early- (June) and mid-season (July) Lygus hesperus Knight populations and farmer decisions to apply plant growth regulators and defoliants. Previous experimental work suggested the hypothesis that Lygus herbivory, by inducing abscission of young flower buds, might generate increased use of plant growth regulators and defoliants. Cotton's ability to compensate for loss of flower buds may, however, increase as plants grow. On upland cotton, June Lygus populations were associated with increased use of plant growth regulators, as expected, but this relationship was not observed for July Lygus populations. June Lygus populations were not associated with the use of defoliants, whereas, surprisingly, July Lygus populations were associated with decreases in defoliant use. In contrast to these positive and negative associations observed on upland cotton, on Pima cotton Lygus populations exhibited no associations with use of either plant growth regulators or defoliants. These results suggest that cotton responses to Lygus herbivory, as demonstrated in previously published experimental studies, can translate into economically meaningful changes in farmer decisions to apply agricultural chemicals.
Published: 2013

32. When natural habitat fails to enhance biological pest control – Five hypotheses

Author: Anthony R. Ives, Claudio Gratton, Mattias Jonsson, Nancy A. Schellhorn, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Adrien Rusch, Thomas C. Wanger, Teja Tscharntke, Fabrice DeClerck, Megan E. O'Rourke, Jay A. Rosenheim, Lauren Hunt, Alejandra Martínez-Salinas, Daniel S. Karp, Péter Batáry, Katja Poveda, Emily A. Martin, Ashley E. Larsen, Wei Zhang, Timothy D. Meehan, Stephen D. Wratten, Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia (UBC), Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University [Stanford], Biodiversity International, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Department of Entomology, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Zoology, Auburn University (AU), Department of Ecology, University of Warsaw (UW), Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter Am Hubland, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], National Ecological Observatory Network, Science Office (NEON), Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Bio-Protection Research Centre, International Food Policy Research Institute, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Stanford University, Department of Ecology [Warsaw], Institute of Zoology [Warsaw], Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), International Food Policy Research Institute [Washington] (IFPRI), and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, predators, spillover, agricultural management, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Land management, habitat naturel, lutte biologique, natural enemies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, écosystème, Ecosystem services, gestion agricole, Agricultural productivity, landscape structure, parasitoid, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, ecosystem, parasitoïde, business.industry, Ecology, insecte ravageur, Pest control, Habitat conservation, 15. Life on land, parasitoids, 010602 entomology, Habitat destruction, Geography, ennemi naturel, Habitat, pest regulation, régulation agroécologique, business, ecosystem services
Abstract: Ecologists and farmers often have contrasting perceptions about the value of natural habitat in agricultural production landscapes, which so far has been little acknowledged in ecology and conservation. Ecologists and conservationists often appreciate the contribution of natural habitat to biodiversity and potential ecosystem services such as biological pest control, whereas many farmers see habitat remnants as a waste of cropland or source of pests. While natural habitat has been shown to increase pest control in many systems, we here identify five hypotheses for when and why natural habitat can fail to support biological pest control, and illustrate each with case studies from the literature: (1) pest populations have no effective natural enemies in the region, (2) natural habitat is a greater source of pests than natural enemies, (3) crops provide more resources for natural enemies than does natural habitat, (4) natural habitat is insufficient in amount, proximity, composition, or configuration to provide large enough enemy populations needed for pest control, and (5) agricultural practices counteract enemy establishment and biocontrol provided by natural habitat. In conclusion, we show that the relative importance of natural habitat for biocontrol can vary dramatically depending on type of crop, pest, predator, land management, and landscape structure. This variation needs to be considered when designing measures aimed at enhancing biocontrol services through restoring or maintaining natural habitat.
Published: 2016

33. Quantifying the Health Impacts of Disasters on Medicare Beneficiaries

Author: Nathanae Rosenheim, Jennifer A. Horney, and Shannon C. Grabich
Subjects: Emergency management, business.industry, Medical record, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Beneficiary, Hazard, Environmental health, Exposure factor, Medicine, Psychological resilience, business, Natural disaster, media_common
Abstract: The growing Medicare population remains disproportionately vulnerable to health effects from natural disasters. While case studies have characterized impacts of individual disasters, comparative data using common measurements over time and across locations are not available. County-level Medicare claims for beneficiaries in the 48 contiguous U.S. States for 2008-2012 were merged with Federal Emergency Management Agency data for each U.S. county from 2007-2012 to create a balanced panel dataset. To estimate average annual within-county change in the percent of Medicare beneficiaries with health conditions, exposure to a disaster declaration and a hazard factor variable were compared using fixed-effects regression models adjusted for Medicaid eligibility and beneficiary age, gender, and race. Using the disaster declaration exposure we found significant negative (diabetes, high cholesterol) changes for counties with declared disasters. Using the hazard exposure factor variable resulted in significant positive (heart attack, diabetes, arthritis) and negative (diabetes, high cholesterol) changes in disaster exposed counties. Associations between disaster exposure and health outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries are mixed and should be explored further. This can inform the development of innovative and timely pre-disaster interventions, as well as contribute to enhanced disaster resilience among beneficiaries and the Medicare system.
Published: 2016

34. Should increasing the field size of monocultural crops be expected to exacerbate pest damage?

Author: Jay A. Rosenheim and Moran Segoli
Subjects: Integrated pest management, Herbivore, Ecology, business.industry, Biological pest control, Biology, Crop, Agriculture, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, PEST analysis, Monoculture, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: a b s t r a c t The intensification of agriculture, including the increase in the spatial extent of monocultures, is widely expected to result in an increase in crop damage by herbivorous pests. The theoretical basis for this expectation is, however, unclear. We used a simulation model to explore the relationship between the field size of monocultural crops and season-long mean expected pest densities. We investigated how the underlying relationship between field size and pest densities might be influenced by the presence/absence of an effective natural enemy; by the relative dispersal abilities of the pest and natural enemy; by the ability of the pest and natural enemy to overwinter within the crop habitat; and by the pest’s rate of reproduction in the crop. Our model predicts that the relationship between field size and pest densities may, under commonly satisfied conditions, assume any of several forms (positive, negative, hump-shaped, or essentially constant), depending on the biology of the organisms. Each of the underlying relationships between field size of monocultural crops and expected pest densities may motivate adoption of a different set of pest management tactics. Whereas positive relationships motivate tactics that facilitate early natural enemy colonization of the interior of large monocultures (e.g., by supplementing food resources within the crop), negative relationships may instead motivate a suite of farm-design approaches that reduce pest colonization of crop interiors by achieving larger functional field sizes (e.g., aggregating multiple fields of the same crop).
Published: 2012

35. Quantifying secondary pest outbreaks in cotton and their monetary cost with causal-inference statistics

Author: Kevin Gross and Jay A. Rosenheim
Subjects: Integrated pest management, Gossypium, Insecticides, Insecta, Models, Statistical, Ecology, business.industry, fungi, Pest control, Outbreak, Agriculture, Biology, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, Insect Control, Models, Biological, Ecosystem services, Animals, PEST analysis, Lygus, Population Growth, business, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Secondary pest outbreaks occur when the use of a pesticide to reduce densities of an unwanted target pest species triggers subsequent outbreaks of other pest species. Although secondary pest outbreaks are thought to be familiar in agriculture, their rigorous documentation is made difficult by the challenges of performing randomized experiments at suitable scales. Here, we quantify the frequency and monetary cost of secondary pest outbreaks elicited by early-season applications of broad-spectrum insecticides to control the plant bug Lygus spp. (primarily L. hesperus) in cotton grown in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. We do so by analyzing pest-control management practices for 969 cotton fields spanning nine years and 11 private ranches. Our analysis uses statistical methods to draw formal causal inferences from nonexperimental data that have become popular in public health and economics, but that are not yet widely known in ecology or agriculture. We find that, in fields that received an early-season broad-spectrum insecticide treatment for Lygus, 20.2% +/- 4.4% (mean +/- SE) of late-season pesticide costs were attributable to secondary pest outbreaks elicited by the early-season insecticide application for Lygus. In 2010 U.S. dollars, this equates to an additional $6.00 +/- $1.30 (mean +/- SE) per acre in management costs. To the extent that secondary pest outbreaks may be driven by eliminating pests' natural enemies, these figures place a lower bound on the monetary value of ecosystem services provided by native communities of arthropod predators and parasitoids in this agricultural system.
Published: 2011

36. Resource concentration dilutes a key pest in indigenous potato agriculture

Author: Jay A. Rosenheim, Soroush Parsa, and Raul Ccanto
Subjects: Population Density, Insecticides, Resource (biology), Ecology, Agroforestry, business.industry, Subsistence agriculture, Agriculture, Biology, Crop, Habitat, Agronomy, Animals, Weevils, Ecosystem, PEST analysis, Monoculture, business, Solanum tuberosum
Abstract: Modern restructuring of agricultural landscapes, due to the expansion of monocultures and the resulting elimination of non-crop habitat, is routinely blamed for rising populations of agricultural insect pests. However, landscape studies demonstrating a positive correlation between pest densities and the spatial extent of crop monocultures are rare. We test this hypothesis with a data set from 140 subsistence farms in the Andes and find the inverse correlation. Infestations by the Andean potato weevil (Premnotrypes spp.), the most important pest in Andean potato agriculture, decrease with increasing amounts of potato in the landscape. A statistical model predicts that aggregating potato fields may outperform the management of Andean potato weevils by IPM and chemical control. We speculate that the strong pest suppression generated by aggregating potato fields may partly explain why indigenous potato farmers cluster their potato fields under a traditional rotation system common in Andean agriculture (i.e., "sectoral fallow"). Our results suggest that some agricultural pests may also respond negatively to the expansion of monocultures, and that manipulating the spatial arrangement of host crops may offer an important tool for some IPM programs.
Published: 2011

37. Echinococcosis, toxocarosis and toxoplasmosis screening in a rural community in eastern Kazakhstan

Author: Aizhan Rysmukhambetova, Paul R. Torgerson, B. S. Shaikenov, I. Tanner, Matthias Brunner, Kathy Rosenheim, Peter Deplazes, Sholpan Shaiken, Felix Grimm, and Iskender Ziadinov
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Population, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Helminthiasis, Echinococcus multilocularis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Echinococcosis, Toxoplasmosis, Infectious Diseases, Echinococcus, parasitic diseases, medicine, Parasitology, Echinococcus granulosus, education, business, Toxocara canis
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of carnivore-transmitted parasitic zoonoses in a community in eastern Kazakhstan, a region where cystic echinococcosis (CE) re-emerged in recent years. METHODS Cross sectional ultrasound study of 3126 human subjects to determine the extent of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Blood samples were taken from each subject and analysed for antibodies against Echinococcus, Toxocara and Toxoplasma spp. Each subject was questioned about possible risk factors that might be associated with zoonotic transmission. Analysis employed a mixed modelling approach based on the results of the ultrasound study, the serological results and the results of the questionnaire. Bayesian techniques were employed to estimate diagnostic performance. A helminthological study of the local dog population was also undertaken. RESULTS A total of 23 subjects tested positive for CE on ultrasound and a further three individuals had strong serological evidence of infection. Another 24 reported treatment for CE. Ultrasound lesions or treatment for CE were associated with poverty. No ultrasound evidence of AE was found, but one individual had strong serological evidence of exposure to Echinococcus multilocularis. Toxoplasma seropositivity (16%; 504 individuals) increased with age. Household level Toxoplasma-seropositivity was associated with unsafe drinking water. Toxocara seropositivity (11%; 349 individuals) was more frequent in children and in individuals who disposed of dog faeces on the vegetable garden. A purgation study of dogs indicated that 13% of dogs in the community were infected with Echinococcus granulosus, 5% with E. multilocularis and 2% with Toxocara canis respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is significant transmission of E. granulosus to humans in this community. Transmission may be associated with poverty. There is little evidence of E. multilocularis transmission to humans, despite the presence in the parasite in the domestic dog population. Toxoplasma is actively transmitted and there is evidence for transmission by the water supply. Children are at highest risk of exposure to Toxocara.
Published: 2009

38. Candidoses invasives en réanimation : analyse des traitements antifongiques au cours de l’enquête française AmarCand

Author: Bernard Regnier, Jean Carlet, Jean-Pierre Sollet, Olivier Leroy, François Gouin, Jean-Paul Mira, J.-P. Gangneux, Philippe Montravers, J. Reynes, Michel Rosenheim, and Olivier Lortholary
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, Intensive care, medicine, General Medicine, business
Abstract: Resume Objectif Analyse de la conformite des traitements antifongiques instaures au cours de candidoses invasives en milieu de reanimation par rapport aux recommandations consensuelles francaises. Type d’etude Prospective, observationnelle, multicentrique francaise (octobre 2005–mai 2006). Patients et methodes Selection des patients presentant une candidose invasive au cours de laquelle la sensibilite des Candida sp. a ete documentee. Les traitements empiriques instaures avant la connaissance des donnees mycologiques et curatifs prescrits apres leur connaissance ont ete colliges. Leur conformite par rapport aux recommandations de la conference de consensus de 2004 sur le traitement des candidoses invasives de l’adulte a ete evaluee. Resultats Cent quatre-vingt-six patients ont ete etudies. Une candidose invasive liee a une ou plusieurs souches de Candida sp. resistant ou de sensibilite diminuee au fluconazole est retrouvee chez 18,3 % des patients, sans influence significative d’une exposition anterieure aux azoles. Les traitements etaient totalement conformes aux recommandations dans 47 % des cas. Les principales deviations etaient observees lorsque le traitement preconise etait l’amphotericine B qui a quasiment disparu de l’arsenal therapeutique en reanimation. Enfin, dans 16,9 % des episodes de candidoses pour lesquels le fluconazole etait le traitement empirique recommande, au moins une souche de Candida resistant ou de sensibilite diminuee a ce traitement etait isolee. Conclusion L’adhesion des reanimateurs aux recommandations de la conference de consensus de 2004 sur la prise en charge des candidoses invasives de l’adulte a ete observee pour 47 % des patients. La non-utilisation de l’amphotericine B quelle que soit sa forme galenique doit etre soulignee. L’observation d’une incidence non negligeable d’isolats de Candida de sensibilite diminuee ou resistant au fluconazole, en particulier chez les patients naifs de toute exposition anterieure aux azoles et l’impossibilite de la predire devraient conduire a envisager une actualisation des recommandations de 2004.
Published: 2008

39. Software development for continuous-gas-flow AMS

Author: Robert J. Schneider, K.F. von Reden, Mark L. Roberts, Ann P. McNichol, Brad E. Rosenheim, and William J. Jenkins
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Signal processing, Computer simulation, business.industry, Computer science, Software development, Data acquisition, Software, Synchronization (computer science), business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware, Computer Automated Measurement and Control, Accelerator mass spectrometry
Abstract: The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is presently completing installation of a novel continuous-flow AMS system. A multi-year development of an AMS microwave gas ion source in collaboration with Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL), Chalk River, has preceded this final step of an implementation that is expected to add a new dimension to 14C AMS. National Instruments, NIM, and CAMAC modules have been programmed with LabVIEW on a Windows XP platform to form the basis for data acquisition. In this paper we discuss possible applications and include simulations of expected data acquisition scenarios like real-time AMS analysis of chromatograms. Particular attention will have to be given to issues of synchronization between rapidly changing input amplitudes and signal processing cycles in hardware and software.
Published: 2008

40. Modelling Pesticide Treatment Effects on Lygus hesperus in Cotton Fields

Author: Kristen Tillman, Harvey Thomas Banks, John E. Banks, Jay A. Rosenheim, Neha Murad, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), California State University [Northridge] (CSUN), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Lorena Bociu, Jean-Antoine Désidéri, Abderrahmane Habbal, and TC 7
Subjects: Inverse problems, Population, Context (language use), Residual plots, Model selection, Hemiptera, Piecewise linear splines, Statistics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Herbivory, education, Mathematics, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Pest control, Statistical model, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, Lygus hesperus, Generalized least squares, Information content, PEST analysis, business
Abstract: International audience; We continue our efforts on modeling of the population dynamics of herbivorous insects in order to develop and implement effective pest control protocols. In the context of inverse problems, we explore the dynamic effects of pesticide treatments on Lygus hesperus, a common pest of cotton in the western United States. Fitting models to field data, we consider model selection for an appropriate mathematical model and corresponding statistical models, and use techniques to compare models. We address the question of whether data, as it is currently collected, can support time-dependent (as opposed to constant) parameter estimates.
Published: 2015

41. Estimating the Impact of Lygus hesperus on Cotton: The Insect, Plant, and Human Observer as Sources of Variability

Author: Andrew G. Zink, Jay A. Rosenheim, Gail A. Langellotto, and Kimberly P. Steinmann
Subjects: Integrated pest management, Herbivore, Ecology, business.industry, Pest control, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Petiole (botany), Crop, Abscission, Agronomy, Lygus hesperus, Insect Science, Botany, Tarnished plant bug, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Unexplained variation in the relationship between herbivore densities and the short- term appearance of crop damage is sometimes observed in pest management. Here we used a Þeld survey of commercial cotton Þelds and a linked questionnaire for cooperating pest control advisors to document the existence of such unexplained variation in the impact of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus, on upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. L. hesperus feeds preferentially on sower buds ("squares"), and the plant may respond to this damage with abscission of the square. We explored four classes of factors that might contribute to unexplained variation in square abscission. First, misperceptions by the human observer (i.e., sampling problems) may play a role, because commercial Þeld scouts signiÞcantly underestimate densities of L. hesperus nymphs. Second, we found no support for the hypothesis that variable behavior expressed byL.hesperus contributes to unexplained variation in square abscission. L. hesperus seems to generate relatively predictable levels of square feeding damage; the variation that was observed was unrelated to grower categorization of Þelds as exhibiting normal versus unexpectedly high or low levels of square abscission. Third, variable plant responses to damage may instead be the key source of unexplained square abscission. Younger plants and plants with higher petiole phosphate concentrations expressed increased sensitivity to L. hesperus feeding; these correlations must, however, be tested experimentally before deÞnitive conclusions are drawn. Fourth, another arthropod might be generating damage that was erroneously being attributed to L. hesperus. The omnivoreGeocoris pallens was a candidate agent of cryptic damage to squares; however, an experiment showed thatG.pallens generated only trivial square damage and no detectable increase in square abscission. Thus, this study has focused our attention away from the arthropod side of the interaction and toward the host plant as the primary source of greater than expected square abscission generated by L. hesperus.
Published: 2006

42. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers (HCWs): guidelines for prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV from HCW to patients

Author: A de Schryver, H Zaaijer, Johan Struwe, Puro, William F. Carman, Dominique Valla, M Alter, Rui Tato Marinho, D Reynders, M Rosenheim, D Tsantoulas, Richard S. Tedder, Eirini I. Rigopoulou, Wolfram H. Gerlich, H Nicholas, Daniel Shouval, Michael Roggendorf, Jeff Connell, R.N. Gunson, H Holzmann, Celia Aitken, Solko W. Schalm, University of Groningen, European Consensus Group, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: SURFACE-ANTIGEN, Hepatitis B virus, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Personnel, Hepatitis C virus, Hepacivirus, education, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL, virus, medicine.disease_cause, THERAPY, Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient, prevention, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Virology, MANAGEMENT, medicine, Humans, hepatitis, guidelines, Hepatitis B Antibodies, Hepatitis, biology, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C Antibodies, Hepatitis B, SURGEON, CARRIERS, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, RECOMBINANT INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B, PREVALENCE, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, ANTIBODIES, DNA, Viral, HCW, Human medicine, OCCUPATIONAL RISK, business, Viral hepatitis
Abstract: The transmission of viral hepatitis from health care workers (HCW) to patients is of worldwide concern. Since the introduction of serologic testing in the 1970s there have been over 45 reports of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from HCW to patients, which have resulted in more than 400 infected patients. In addition there are six published reports of transmissions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from HCW to patients resulting in the infection of 14 patients. Additional HCV cases are known of in the US and UK, but unpublished. At present the guidelines for preventing HCW to patient transmission of viral hepatitis vary greatly between countries. It was our aim to reach a Europe-wide consensus on this issue. In order to do this, experts in blood-borne infection, from 16 countries, were questioned on their national protocols. The replies given by participating countries formed the basis of a discussion document. This paper was then discussed at a meeting with each of the participating countries in order to reach a Europe-wide consensus on the identification of infected HCWs, protection of susceptible HCWs, management and treatment options for the infected HCW. The results of that process are discussed and recommendations formed. The guidelines produced aim to reduce the risk of transmission from infected HCWs to patients. The document is designed to complement existing guidelines or form the basis for the development of new guidelines. This guidance is applicable to all HCWs who perform EPP, whether newly appointed or already in post. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2003

43. Exendin-4 Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats

Author: Jonathan P. Miller, Katharine Eakin, Nigel H. Greig, Barry J. Hoffer, Hilary Rosenheim, Yazhou Li, and Yung Hsiao Chiang
Subjects: Male, Traumatic brain injury, Morris water navigation task, lcsh:Medicine, Brain damage, Pharmacology, Neuroprotection, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Cognition, Cell Line, Tumor, Receptors, Glucagon, Medicine, Animals, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, lcsh:Science, Neurons, Multidisciplinary, biology, Cell Death, business.industry, Venoms, Neurodegeneration, lcsh:R, Glutamate receptor, Drug Repositioning, medicine.disease, Rats, Traumatic injury, Neuroprotective Agents, Anesthesia, Brain Injuries, biology.protein, Exenatide, lcsh:Q, medicine.symptom, business, Peptides, Neurotrophin, Research Article, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury represents a major public health issue that affects 1.7 million Americans each year and is a primary contributing factor (30.5%) of all injury-related deaths in the United States. The occurrence of traumatic brain injury is likely underestimated and thus has been termed “a silent epidemic”. Exendin-4 is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that not only effectively induces glucose-dependent insulin secretion to regulate blood glucose levels but also reduces apoptotic cell death of pancreatic β-cells. Accumulating evidence also supports a neurotrophic and neuroprotective role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in an array of cellular and animal neurodegeneration models. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of Exendin-4 using a glutamate toxicity model in vitro and fluid percussion injury in vivo. We found neuroprotective effects of Exendin-4 both in vitro, using markers of cell death, and in vivo, using markers of cognitive function, as assessed by Morris Water Maze. In combination with the reported benefits of ex-4 in other TBI models, these data support repositioning of Exendin-4 as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury.
Published: 2013

44. Cotton aphid emerges as major pest in SJV cotton

Author: Jay A. Rosenheim, Larry D. Godfrey, and Peter B. Goodell
Subjects: Integrated pest management, Aphid, biology, business.industry, fungi, General Engineering, Biological pest control, Pest control, lcsh:S, Growing season, food and beverages, Pesticide, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:S1-972, lcsh:Agriculture, Agronomy, Aphis gossypii, PEST analysis, lcsh:Agriculture (General), business
Abstract: During the 1990s, the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) escalated from an occasional pest to an annual, severe pest of San Joaquin Valley (SJV) cotton. Although the cotton aphid is not a new insect in the SJV, the change in the bionomics of this pest dictated that new research efforts be directed toward its biology, damage thresholds and management. The 1980s saw major shifts in agronomic practices. For example, the introduction of a plant growth regulator allowed growers to promote vigorous plant growth, rather than limiting growth and yield potential through the practice of water and nitrogen stress. Recent field research has shown that applying high rates of nitrogen to cotton plants increases cotton aphid reproductive rates and can create conditions favorable to aphid outbreaks. The new practice of promoting vigorous growth may have created an optimal host plant environment for cotton aphid reproduction and survival. In addition, the shift to using pyrethroids to control other arthropod pests has enhanced the buildup of cotton aphid populations. The severe aphid outbreak during the 1995 cotton growing season served as a focal point to bring the industry together to discuss the status of cotton integrated pest management and to plan future directions. Results of this effort include increased awareness, greater understanding of cotton aphid biology and improved pest management decisions.
Published: 2000

45. Hepatitis virus infections in heart transplant recipients: Epidemiology, natural history, characteristics, and impact on survival

Author: Christopher Payan, Jean–Jacques Ghoussoub, Richard Dorent, Michèle Perrin, B Bernard, Pierre Opolon, Michel Rosenheim, Françoise Lunel, Jean Marie Huraux, Bruno Dumont, Vincent Di Martino, C. Fretz, Iranj Gandjbachkh, Lieven Stuyver, and Jean François Cadranel
Subjects: Adult, Male, Hepatitis B virus, Paris, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Hepatitis C virus, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Hepatitis B, Chronic, Postoperative Complications, Internal medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Hepatitis, Hepatology, business.industry, virus diseases, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Hepatitis C, digestive system diseases, Survival Rate, Transplantation, HBeAg, Immunology, Disease Progression, Coinfection, Heart Transplantation, Female, business, Viral hepatitis
Abstract: Background & Aims: We have observed a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in heart transplant recipients (HTRs). The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology, natural history, and clinical and biological characteristics of viral hepatitis in HTRs. Methods: From 1983 to 1992, 874 patients underwent heart transplantation at the Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France, 459 of whom qualified for analysis. A total of 140 patients had posttransplantation hepatitis B, C, or non–A-E. Sixty-nine patients developed HBV infection, 49 HCV infection, 11 HBV-HCV coinfection, and 11 non–A-E hepatitis. Results HBV was transmitted nosocomially from patient to patient, most likely during endomyocardial biopsies. HCV was mainly transmitted through blood transfusions or the transplanted organ. Clinical and biological findings after 2 years of follow-up showed that 3 patients with an HBV genotype A precore mutant had severe or subfulminant hepatitis and that patients with HBV and HCV infection always progressed to chronicity. In general, patients had mild alanine aminotransferase level increases, a high level of viral replication, and few severe histologic lesions, except for patients infected by precore HBV mutants. Patients coinfected by HBV and HCV tended to have more severe liver lesions. The survival rate 5 years after transplantation in patients with viral hepatitis (HBV, 81%; HCV, 89%; HBV and HCV coinfection, 100%; non–A-E hepatitis, 73%) was similar to that in patients without liver test abnormalities (76%). The actuarial survival curve was also similar in patients with or without liver test abnormalities. Conclusions: In our experience, histologic liver lesions do not progress rapidly in patients with post–heart transplant infection caused by HBV or HCV. HBV or HCV infection seems to have little impact on the 5-year survival rate of HTRs. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000;119:1064-1074
Published: 2000

46. DISCUSSIONS ON HYPERTENSION

Author: M. L. Rosenheim
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business
Published: 2009

47. Der gustatorische Riechtest in der Technik nach Güttich: Eine Überprüfung der klinischen Wertigkeit

Author: Thomas Hummel, D. Mürbe, K. Rosenheim, Stefan Heilmann, Michael Knecht, and Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink
Subjects: Olfactory system, medicine.medical_specialty, Olfactory evoked potentials, business.industry, Anecdotal report, Anosmia, Neurological disorder, Olfaction, Audiology, medicine.disease, Test (assessment), Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, Hyposmia, medicine, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND Testing of retronasal olfactory sensitivity is routinely performed in many ENT-departments in German speaking countries. One of the most popular tests relates to an anecdotal report by Guttich [1]. In this test, liquids are placed on the patient's tongue; the patient is then asked to describe the aroma. Assuming that anosmic patients should not use other descriptors than "sweet," "sour," "salty," and "bitter", this test design is frequently applied in disability compensation settings. Surprisingly though, so far there are no studies regarding the sensitivity or specificity of this test in terms of the differentiation between hyposmic and anosmic patients. METHODS The present investigation was performed in 50 anosmics, 42 hyposmics, and 13 normosmics. The diagnosis "hyposmia" or "anosmia" was based on 1. the patients' history, 2. psychophysical tests using an established test of olfactory function, the "Sniffin' Sticks," and 3. the recording of olfactory evoked potentials. RESULTS We obtained the following major results: 1. In comparison to hyposmis and normosmics, anosmic patients had greater difficulty identifying the aromas. However, correct identification was not always possible for normosmics. 2. Regarding the differentiation between anosmic and hyposmic patients, the test's sensitivity was 86% with a specificity of 62%. This clearly limits routine clinical application of this test. CONCLUSIONS Retronasal testing appears to be an elegant and simple means in order to screen olfactory function. However, the presently investigated approach is limited with regard to the discrimination between anosmic and hyposmic patients.
Published: 1999

48. Pest-Centric versus Process-Centric Research Approaches in Agricultural Entomology

Author: Moshe Coll and Jay A. Rosenheim
Subjects: Entomology, business.industry, Process (engineering), Agriculture, Insect Science, Environmental resource management, PEST analysis, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Agricultural economics
Published: 2008

49. Ecoinformatics Can Reveal Yield Gaps Associated with Crop-Pest Interactions: A Proof-of-Concept

Author: Jay A. Rosenheim and Matthew H. Meisner
Subjects: Integrated pest management, Crops, Agricultural, Informatics, lcsh:Medicine, Agricultural engineering, Ecoinformatics, Animals, Herbivory, Agricultural productivity, lcsh:Science, Mathematics, Population Density, Multidisciplinary, Models, Statistical, biology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Pest control, Agriculture, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Lygus hesperus, Data quality, Host-Pathogen Interactions, lcsh:Q, Pest Control, business, Cropping, Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract: Farmers and private consultants execute a vast, decentralized data collection effort with each cropping cycle, as they gather pest density data to make real-time pest management decisions. Here we present a proof of concept for an ecoinformatics approach to pest management research, which attempts to harness these data to answer questions about pest-crop interactions. The impact of herbivory by Lygus hesperus on cotton is explored as a case study. Consultant-derived data satisfied a 'positive control' test for data quality by clearly resolving the expected negative relationship between L. hesperus density and retention of flower buds. The enhanced statistical power afforded by the large ecoinformatics dataset revealed an early-season window of crop sensitivity, during which L. hesperus densities as low as 1-2 per sample were associated with yield loss. In contrast, during the mid-season insecticide use by farmers was often unnecessary, as cotton compensated fully for moderate L. hesperus densities. Because the dataset emerged from the commercial production setting, it also revealed the limited degree to which farmers were willing to delay crop harvest to provide opportunities for compensatory fruiting. Observational approaches to pest management research have strengths and weaknesses that complement those of traditional, experimental approaches; combining these methods can contribute to enhanced agricultural productivity.
Published: 2013

50. How can the quality of medical data in pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiology and clinical studies be guaranteed?

Author: Myriam Rosilio, François Alla, Nadine Weisslinger-Darmon, Olivier Chassany, Philippe Barthélémy, Hakima Hannachi, Christophe Misse, Philippe Lechat, Michel Rosenheim, Jean-Paul Demarez, Antoine Pariente, Vincent Diebolt, Michel Lièvre, Alain Francillon, Sophie Brisset, Marina Nguon, Christian Funck-Brentano, Dominic Cellier, Laetitia Gambotti, and François Lemaire
Subjects: Clinical Trials as Topic, Source data, Data collection, Databases, Factual, Quality Assurance, Health Care, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Data Collection, Pharmacoepidemiology, Pharmacovigilance, Risk analysis (engineering), Research Design, Data quality, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Medicine, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Quality (business), Source document, business, Quality assurance, media_common
Abstract: The development of medicinal products is subject to quality standards aimed at guaranteeing that database contents accurately reflect the source documents. Paradoxically, these standards hardly address the quality of the source data itself. The objective of this work was to propose recommendations to improve data quality in three fields (pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiology and clinical studies). The analysis was focused on the data and on the critical stages presenting critical quality problems, for which the current guidelines are insufficiently detailed, unsuitable and/or poorly applied. Finally, recommendations have been proposed, mainly focused on the origin of the data and its transcription.
Published: 2013

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