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Many believe employee retention as connecting to the efforts by which employer’s put efforts to retain the employees in their workforce. Employee Retention turns out to be tactic rather than result. It is essential to initially pinpoint the main driver of the maintenance issue before actualizing a program to address it. When distinguished, a program can be custom fitted to meet the special needs of the association. It is significant for representatives to comprehend their vocation way inside an association to spur them to stay in the association to accomplish their own vocation objectives. Through reviews, conversation and study hall guidance, representatives can all the more likely comprehend their objectives for self-improvement. Executive instructing can be utilized to construct skills in pioneers inside an association. Training can be valuable in the midst of hierarchical change, to build a pioneer's adequacy or to urge directors to execute instructing systems with peers and direct reports

El consumidor sufre cambios de manera constante, debido a factores del entorno que influyen en su comportamiento de compra, por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio se centra en analizar el comportamiento de compra del consumidor retail frente al uso de herramientas digitales en la ciudad de Machala durante la pandemia COVID-19. Dado que la presente investigación es de carácter cualitativa, se aplicó como herramienta de recolección de datos la técnica del grupo focal, además del análisis e interpretación de fuentes secundarias. La sesión se llevó a cabo de manera on line y estuvo conformada por consumidores de la ciudad de Machala del sector retail, con un rango de edad entre 26 y 45 años pertenecientes al género masculino y femenino. Como resultado, se determinó que para los clientes del sector retail, el uso de medios digitales tomó importancia durante la crisis sanitaria, lo que influyó a la aceleración del e-commerce, es así, que dichas plataformas se convirtieron en los principales medios para mantener la relación de compra y venta entre el cliente y la empresa. De este modo se concluye, que el comportamiento de compra del consumidor mediante estos procesos fue en base al miedo de contagio y la agilidad de compra en las aplicaciones.

The checkout phase in the large-scale retail sector is one of the critical points of the physical shopping experience. Cashierless payment technologies are expected to play a fundamental role in th...

As of 2020, the retail sector faced an existential challenge with rapid changes as one of the many sectors. The recent impact was noted due to the present COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world. Most customers have moved on with e-commerce platforms, while traditional customers still struggle with in-store shopping. This study was specifically aimed at the conventional customers who do in-store shopping in complexes. The objective of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of the demographic factors on post-purchase regret at malls. Two factors affecting post-purchase regret, namely, the number of alternatives forgone and the return process experience, were considered. Accordingly, the moderating effects of demographic factors of consumers who have purchased something from a shopping mall during the past two years were targeted for this. By conducting an online survey using a structured questionnaire, 383 responses were collected. Through the moderation effect analysis, the consumer career was identified as moderating variable for this relationship. The rest of the demographic factors considered for this study did not significantly moderate this relationship. The findings suggest that the number of alternatives in showcase must be limited with a sense of marketing. Further, the staff at the shop must provide proper guidance on the return process and related service by identifying loyal and non-loyal customers’ careers and lifestyles.

Although online retailing has expanded dramatically over the past decade, research on the topic by economic geographers remains sparse. One recent hitherto unstudied trend has seen online retailers establishing physical grocery store networks in the Chinese market. This paper utilizes a case study of Alibaba’s Hema grocery store chain to identify and analyze the distinctive and innovative methods that online retailers are adopting in the Chinese food retail market in the context of developing physical stores. Four aspects of innovation are examined, namely: format innovation involving the store as a local fulfillment centre providing efficient last-mile delivery; developing a more consumer-centric retail model; transforming domestic supply networks; and sourcing live seafood globally. These developments are all achieved and facilitated by the strong data-driven capabilities of Hema in the context of the wider Alibaba platform ecosystem. Overall, the paper demonstrates how the digital data capabilities of online retailers embedded in wider platform business groups are rapidly altering the competitive landscape of the food retail sector in China.

The growing digital footprint in emerging markets has bolstered the demand for quality and real-time customer experience through multiple retail platforms. Retail markets in emerging economies are ...

Retailers can play an important role in facilitating a transition to sustainable diets in the UK. They have been implementing strategies aimed at helping customers make healthier choices and are now considering how to broaden this to include sustainability, which is a live discussion in the UK retail sector. Focusing on ‘less and better’ meat and dairy as a core component of sustainable diets, this study investigates retailer perceptions of sustainable diets and their strategies and challenges to provide and promote customer purchasing of ‘less and better’ meat and dairy. Results from a series of semi-structured interviews with senior health and sustainability professionals within the UK retail sector indicate that retailers have a diverse understanding of sustainable diets that seldom includes ‘less and better’ meat and dairy. Retailers are adopting a range of different strategies linked to ‘less and better’ meat and dairy – from improving the sustainability of their meat and dairy supply chains to influencing customer purchasing through ‘nudge’ interventions. While strategies related to ‘better’ meat and dairy are being adopted, no retailer is implementing interventions focused on reducing purchasing of meat products. The promotion of sustainable diets is seen by some retailers as a way of positively engaging with customers and improving brand loyalty, but there are external barriers to reducing purchasing of meat and dairy products that are beyond the direct control of the retailer.

Social networks provide companies with great opportunities to build relationships with consumers. Currently, almost every company has their own brand page in social networks and is trying to enhance consumer engagement. Company posts are shown to brand community members. Most researchers believe that the brand community consists only of consumers. However, based on the service-dominant logic of marketing, the brand enters into relations not only with consumers, but also with other stakeholders, including employees of the company, who can be members of the brand community in the social networks. In this research, we focus on FMCG retailers brand community. The algorithm of Facebook social network ensures the dependence of consumer engagement on employee brand engagement. Retail marketers need to use content to influence not only consumer engagement, but also employee brand engagement, expressed in likes, comments and shares. The author analyzes 460 Facebook posts made by 5 Russian FMCG retailers’ brands during a 6-month period. A theory-based typology of content characteristics was made and it covers of what brands say and how they say it. This research sheds light on how content influence consumer and employee brand engagement in social networks.

The Covid-19 has shifted the face of many markets including e-commerce and online business with many bottlenecks to be cleared. The last-mile delivery project has the greatest effect on all types of e-commerce companies because it has many consumer touchpoints as well as the Covid-19 pain points. Due to these interconnected issues, the delivery projects itself requires modern solutions. The purpose of this paper is to identify, analyse and categorize the major factors that affect the last mile delivery projects in e-commerce, food sector, retail sector and so on using total interpretive structural modelling approach during the Covid-19. Ten major factors are identified from literature review, and expert opinions are collected from multiple organizations that are involved in the last mile delivery projects. The results indicate that types of goods, achieving routing efficiency and meeting fulfilment timeline are the key factors for last mile delivery projects during the time of Covid-19. This study helps the managers to identify the key factors and to focus on these factors for the successful implementation of last mile delivery project.

We argue that employers subject workers to time theft by controlling workers’ time—both on and off the clock. Time theft considers employer control of workers’ time without the promise of pay through unstable scheduling practices as well as beyond their scheduled work hours. We develop a typology of time theft through a discussion of survey and workshop data with retail workers in Los Angeles. We underscore how federal labor law is inadequate to address unstable scheduling and we discuss retail worker organizing and the implications of time theft for labor policy and worker movements.

Organised retail sector is booming in metros, cities and now even in small towns; and organised food retailing is one of the fastest growing sector among them. The different types of food retail formats have its own characteristics, focus and target market. The customer or consumer has their own criteria to select a particular food retail format. The selection is based on the attitude of the customer or consumer towards the attribute of the retail format. There are many model to find the attitude of customer or consumer towards any product, service and brands. This study is an attempt to find out the customer's or consumer's attitude towards three major food retailing formats i.e Big Bazaar, a hypermarket; Reliance Fresh, a convenience store and Suvidha, a supermarket.

Retailing concept has fundamentally changed the business, and the customers at present have the ability to use and access to the variety of products offered with the help of retail outlets in many forms. In order to compete with the global market and business needs and as well as for better growth, retail companies are using marketing strategies based on the aspect of data. This has made a way for companies in retailing where data being a major source to understand the timely needs of customers and in the prediction of the buying behaviour of the customers. Retail companies are finding different ways to extract meaningful information from large data sets through different sources, and in various formats. Big data is one of the technologies in present days which are helping the retail industries. Companies are trying to understand how big data and analytics can empower them to take right decisions. In this study it tells about how big data analytics impacts retail sector.

Many global retailers in mature markets employ mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as an essential strategic tool to expand into foreign markets. Given the substantial presence of financial constraints...

The Covid-19 pandemic precipitated an ‘existential crisis’ in the global fashion industry. The effects of the crisis on the retail sector resulted in many brands deferring or cancelling orders from...

In this paper, we study the impact of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the retail sector in Russia. The study is based on a series of interviews with representatives of the sector and macro industry statistics. The crisis has exacerbated the problems that have long been observed in the sector and accelerated its transformation, including the formation of new formats of retail and business models. We show that the greatest changes occurred in the food segment, which was less affected by the lockdowns and could adapt to new conditions faster. The ongoing changes have exposed the lagging regulation in the industry, demonstrated a high dependence on consumer sentiments and business sensitivity to regional conditions, the blurring of retail boundaries associated with the entry of companies from related industries (e.g. IT sector, banks) into the industry, as well as the ongoing digital transformation of the industry. The sector's development prospects will be largely determined by the need to find conceptually new approaches to trade regulation, the availability of digital technologies and human capital to transform the industry.

The Indian retail sector is poised for tremendous growth and thus provides ample opportunities for local and global retailers. Building store equity will not only be a challenge but also be a prerequisite for surviving in the highly competitive market. The objective of the current study is to understand the role of store image, consumer satisfaction, and store loyalty in building retail store equity in the Indian retail market. The study employed exploratory factor analysis for reducing the number of items and linear regression for hypothesis testing. A total of 210 actual patrons evaluated different retail stores. The empirical findings suggest that store image, consumer satisfaction, and store loyalty play a direct, positive, and significant role in building retail store equity in the Indian retail market. Store image was found to have the strongest impact on store loyalty, followed by customer satisfaction on store loyalty, customer satisfaction on store equity, and store loyalty on store equity. This study will add value to literature on store image, consumer satisfaction, store loyalty, and store equity. The study concludes with strategic implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

Research Summary This study develops a framework providing guidance in examining when exit decisions might be driven by resource redeployment versus divestment. Exploratory analyses of the global retail sector show patterns largely consistent with conventional explanations of exit through divestment. We also provide the first large‐scale empirical evidence consistent with redeployment motives of exit. In particular, by focusing on the potential for redeployment of fixed assets (i.e., physical stores) across portfolio businesses, results show that market exit is more likely when there are combinations of lower resource adjustment costs, higher external transaction costs, and positive inducements. Under the same conditions, we also document a strong correlation between the number of fixed assets of an exiting business and the growth in fixed assets of its surviving siblings. Managerial Summary It is increasingly recognized that multibusiness firms have flexibility advantages over single‐business rivals, because they have the option to redeploy resources across businesses. This flexibility is purported to inspire quicker exit from markets, even if empirical evidence is lacking. We test this conjecture on 3,082 retail chains across 106 countries and find evidence consistent with this view—each additional related sibling in a country raises the hazard of country exit by 11% relative to retail chains without siblings. Since it is difficult to distinguish whether exit occurs through resource redeployment or divestment, we identify a set of unique determinants for each exit mode. Our theoretical framework and empirical findings help managers reconcile when to exit using internal resource markets versus external markets.

In this paper the authors explore the implications for higher education of the disruptions caused by changes in the retail sector resulting from rapid developments in technology. Industry 4.0 technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, blockchain, automation, robotics, artificial intelligence and virtual reality are increasingly evident in the retail sector. While predictions vary as to the extent of the disruption, retailers agree that embracing technology is now a necessity. The evidence in the paper is taken from a diverse sample of 60 senior managers across 24 retail companies in Ireland. The authors adopt a mixed-methods approach to data collection. They report that the skills required to perform in retail now and in the future will be a combination of human, digital and traditional skills. What emerges from the study is that advances in technology necessitate the provision of new hard skills, but importantly reinforce the necessity for soft skills so that the potential of the new technology can be fully understood and utilised. Helping retail employees upskill and future proof is a major challenge for higher education. Retailers need to proactively develop their employees by identifying clear progression pathways and promoting careers in retail.

Retailing is a development of communicating the end customers complete the average of goods and facilities taking aids of the several channel of supply for the generation of revenue and consequently occupies a main place in the field of business. The nations that consume liked the extreme financial and common development consume remained persons with a secure retail sector. Sellers achieve detailed events, such as anticipating buyers’ requirements, emerging collections of goods, obtaining marketplace material, and financing. Organized sellers are individuals who are approved for exchange actions and listed to pay duties to the administration. The present study is to identify Customer’s Buying Behaviour Towards Organised Retail Stores in Thoothukudi City.

We investigate incumbent brands’ response to entry and increased competition in a large retail setting. We extend the nonprice competition and manufacturer stocking literatures by examining if incumbent brands increase quality, specifically increasing the number of varieties (product-line length), in response to entry of a new local brand in the ice cream market. We use the entry of a new, local, super-premium ice cream brand in a large supermarket chain as a quasi-natural experiment and empirically examine if incumbent ice cream brands increased the product-line length in stores carrying the new brand. Using Poisson difference-in-differences estimators, we find that incumbent brands increased the number of varieties offered by 0.9 (3 percent) after the new brand's entry, with most of the responses coming from super-premium ice cream, which increased the number of varieties offered by 2.9 (12 percent) product choices. These findings contribute new insights into quality changes, manufacturer stocking decisions, and nonprice competition associated with entry of a local brand into the food retail sector.

The retailing sector is evolving, not only as a result of technological advances, but also because of concerns about climate change and new demands from governments and customers for ethical and sustainable products. Customers’ purchase intentions are crucial for the successful implementation of circular business models. However, few studies focus on the role of customers in enabling circular business models. This study fills this research gap by identifying the critical factors that impact customers’ ethical purchase intentions for circular business models in the retail sector. Based on macro-theories of human behaviour, this study proposes a theoretical model that can holistically consider the critical factors and variables that determine customers’ ethical purchase intentions towards the circular business model. The paper contributes to the body of literature on circular business models in the retail sector by exploring the issue from the customers’ perspective.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether switching to a CEO of the opposite sex affects the tax aggressiveness of firms.Design/methodology/approachRegression analysis using a difference in difference approach and propensity score matching on a dataset of 8,798 firms from 2007 to 2017.FindingsThe authors find evidence that switching to a female CEO reduces the effective tax rate paid, implying a higher level of tax aggressiveness.Social implicationsThe findings contradict the narrative that female CEOs are less tax aggressive.Originality/valueThe authors are the first (to the best of the authors' knowledge) to specifically investigate if changing the CEO gender has an impact on the effective tax rate paid by the firm.

Purpose: This study is to determine the impact of supply chain integration and trust on supply chain performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted empirically on supply chain activities at Indomaret outlets in Indonesia and as a representative of outlets with a total sample of 145 outlets. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression using the SPSS program with version 25 for data analysis. Findings: The finding of this study reveals that all variables of supply chain integration are supplier integration (SI), customer integration (CI), process integration (PI), and trust (TR), both partially and simultaneously are stated to have a significant effect on supply chain performance (SCP). Practical Implications: Based on the results the suggestion is the company must integrate the internal processes and continue by integrating with external companies, namely supplier integration and customer integration or distributor. Original/value: Find novelty of this study is implementing supply chain collaboration for development in the business retail sector, especially in Indonesia. Secondly, this study shows collaboration as a communication aspect like formal and informal contact.

Background Approximately 70% of Kenya’s population is at risk for malaria. The core vector control methods in Kenya are insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying, with supplementary larval source management. In 2015, 21% of ITNs were accessed through the private retail sector. Despite the private sector role in supplying mosquito control products (MCPs), there is little evidence on the availability, sales trends, and consumer preferences for MCPs other than ITNs. This study, a component of a larger research programme focused on evaluating a spatial repellent intervention class for mosquito-borne disease control, addressed this evidence gap on the role of the private sector in supplying MCPs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was deployed in a range of retail outlets in Busia County to characterize MCP availability, sales trends, and distribution channels. The questionnaire included 32 closed-ended and four open-ended questions with short answer responses. Descriptive analysis of frequency counts and percentages was carried out to glean insights about commercially available MCPs and the weighted average rank was used to determine consumer preferences for MCPs. Open-ended data was analysed thematically. Results Retail outlets that stocked MCPs commonly stocked mosquito coils (73.0%), topical repellents (38.1%), aerosol insecticide sprays (23.8%) and ITNs (14.3%). Overall, retailers reported the profits from selling MCPs were adequate and they overwhelmingly planned to continue stocking the products. Of respondents who stocked MCPs, 96.8% responded that sales increased during long rains and 36.5% that sales also surged during short rains. ITNs and baby-size nets were often delivered by the wholesaler. Retailers of aerosol sprays, mosquito coils, and topical repellents either collected stock from the wholesaler or products were delivered to them. Other commercially available MCPs included insecticide incense sticks, electric mosquito strikers, insecticide soaps, electrically heated insecticide mats, and electric insecticide emanators, indicating a well-established market. Conclusions The wide range of MCPs in local retail outlets within the study area suggests the need and demand for mosquito control tools, in addition to ITNs, that are affordable, easy to use and effective. The presence of a wide range of MCPs, is a promising sign for the introduction of a spatial repellent intervention class of products that meets consumer needs and preferences.

What is the relationship between the rate at which firms accumulate their stock of demand over time and the prices that they set for their products? This paper analyzes the implications of customer capital accumulation for pricing behavior and firm dynamics. We build a tractable directed search model of the product market in which firms are ex-post heterogeneous in their customer base and commit to the prices they post. The model features dynamic contracts with endogenous customer reallocation, endogenous entry and exit of firms, and allows for a tractable characterization of the firm distribution. In equilibrium, there is price rigidity at the firm level, and price dispersion in the cross-section because firms of different sizes use different pricing strategies to strike a balance between attracting new customers and retaining incumbent ones. We show that our mechanism can generate realistic firm dynamics, a right-skewed firm size distribution, and various predictions on the cross-sectional distribution of prices, markups, and the rate and frequency of price changes.

İşletmelerin dönemsel olarak faaliyet sonuçları ve dolayısıyla bu sonuçlara bağlı finansal performansları, “işletmenin çıkar grupları ya da menfaat sahipleri” olarak adlandırılan çok geniş bir kesimi ilgilendirmektedir. İşletmelerin, yoğun rekabetin olduğu dinamik bir çevrede başarılı bir şekilde faaliyette bulunmaları ve sonsuz kabul edilen ömürlerini sürdürebilmeleri, sürekli olarak faaliyet sonuçlarını kontrol etmelerini ve performans ölçümü yapmalarını gerekli kılmaktadır. Finansal performans ölçümü genel kabul görmüş finansal oranlar ile yapılmaktadır. Ancak çok sayıda finansal oran kullanılarak yapılan ölçümler zaman, maliyet ve etkililik bakımından kısıtlara sahiptir. Bu kısıtlar nedeniyle daha az oran kullanılarak aynı başarı düzeyini sağlayan pek çok Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Tekniği geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, hisse senetleri Borsa İstanbul (BİST) perakende sektöründe işlem gören ve faaliyet alanları itibariyle benzer 7 firmanın 2017 - 2019 dönemi finansal performansları; genel kabul görmüş 10 finansal oran kullanılarak, çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden sezgisel bulanık EDAS (SB-EDAS) yöntemi ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, 2-3 yıllık bir zaman aralığındaki az sayıda oran ile etkili bir performans ölçümü yapılabileceğini göstermektedir.

This study examined the relationship between the level of logistics service quality, relationship quality, and repurchase intention in the e-retail sector of Pakistan. Logistics service quality LSQ was integrated into the step-by-step purchasing process including pre-purchase, purchase, and post-purchase factors. This research is unique from existing research work as it validated a holistic model by examining the role of customer’s perception of LSQ in strengthening their RQ and subsequent purchase intentions in the e-retail logistics sector of Pakistan and draw important suggestions to enhance the competitiveness of logistics services of domestic e-retail logistic firms. A survey strategy using self-administered questionnaires was employed from customers of departmental stores, large discount stores, shopping malls & retail outlets. A total of n=241 based on a cluster of conventional retail consumers across Pakistan was drawn. The study results provide a quality framework for the management of logistics service providers working in Pakistan's e-retail industry to evaluate the strengths and limitations of their service provision and then identify areas where improvements might be needed.

Inventory management has become a key factor in today's world of uncertainty, particularly in the retail sector. Accordingly, there is a high requirement of managing and controlling the inventory with appropriate policies to elevate the organization's performance. In fact, a proper system has to be implemented for monitoring customer demand. This system will, in turn, assist in maintaining the right level of inventory. In this direction, the present research focuses on a retail store and explores a solution for an inventory-related problem experienced by the firm. A simulation model is developed and run for particular merchandise using Arena simulation software. Rigorous experimentation is conducted with the model by altering the inputs/model characteristics, and a more effective system is proposed. Compared with the existing traditional inventory management system, the proposed system will reduce the inventory level by 40% and lost sales by 87%. Furthermore, the proposed system is optimized using the OptQuest module in Arena simulation software. As a result, the inventory level is further reduced by 73% compared to the existing system. Store managers in various organizations may utilize the proposed methodology for improving their inventory management system.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of religiosity level on the shopping orientation and behavior of Muslim customers and how to store image moderates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a positive approach and partial least square analysis technique on samples of Muslim customers in major cities in Indonesia, who have purchased products in the Syariah supermarket such as Sakinah Supermarket and 212 supermarkets at least twice within the past three months. The sampling method used in this study is convenience sampling, with a total of 117 respondents. Findings The results reveal that religiosity level significantly affects the Muslim customers’ shopping orientation subsequently impacts consumer shopping behavior. The result is in line with the rising trend by a society that begins to define successful businesses that touch upon the spiritual aspects of the shoppers. Customers with higher religiosity prefer higher quality products and customers who have lesser levels of religiosity establish different shopping characteristics and behavior. This eventually forms an orientation in shopping behavior. Furthermore, it is found that the store image significantly strengthens the influence of the impact of shopping orientations on Muslim customers’ behavior. Practical implications Marketers can increase the image of Islamic stores by implementing the principle of a smile, greeting, address to every customer who shops, managing the cashier queue to prevent ikhtilath (meeting between men and women) and adding decorations and calligraphy ornaments. Marketers can create membership cards, posters or billboards about the products that are being discounted or promoted to increase customer numbers image enhancement. Originality/value This study used specific variables that represent religiosity in the retail sector. It offers an analysis of how Muslim customers’ religiosity can affect their shopping orientation and behavior. The study is conducted in Indonesia, where research on this topic is still limited.

The objective of this research is to know the relationship between quality of work life (QWL) and Burnout syndrome (BOS) in employees in the Retail sector of Metropoli-tan Lima. The type of research was descriptive correlational and the purpose was not experimental and transectional, in a non-probabilistic and intentional sample of 129 the employee’s collaborations between men and women with a minimum of six months of experience in face to face contact with the client in the sale of Retail products. The results of our observation indicate that there is a significant and negative association between quality of work life and Burnout Syndrome. An analysis of the QWL with the dimensions of the BOS shows us that there is a significant and inverse relationship between quality of work life and overwhelming exhaustion and depersonalization; instead the association with personal development is significant and positive.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Aster Retail (AR), UAE, handled career plateau challenge by adopting multiple strategies and earning employee commitment and motivation for business growth. Design/methodology/approach The organization addressed two types of plateaus – structural and content by creating both vertical and lateral opportunities/options for employees, and supporting them with resources to build required capabilities, and managing their career aspirations. The strategies also helped AR to remain true to the organization’s philosophy, “We will treat you well.” Findings The study enunciates how HR initiatives can add value by converting the negative phenomenon of plateau, into an opportunity for employees to grow. Originality/value The study has three contributions: How in a retail organization with strong promoter principles and values, both structural and content plateau are addressed, and linked with business strategies? The study sheds light on how organizational and HR support for career management addresses employee plateau, particularly for solid citizens. makes the employees feel “not plateaued” at all; and in the long run, why and how HR managers should focus more on proactively addressing content plateau than structural plateau.

Este caso relata la crisis financiera de AD Retail, un holding que operaba en el sector del retail chileno. El holding AD Retail ha mostrado un deterioro en sus indicadores financieros desde finales del 2015, pero la situación se agudizó entre el 2017 y el 2018. Las consecuencias del estallido social que se detonó en octubre del 2019 en Chile intensificaron los problemas financieros de la compañía. El estallido social afectó los márgenes de la empresa y generó menores niveles de recaudación, lo que se tradujo en una liquidez insuficiente para cumplir con sus obligaciones de pago. Esto llevó al Directorio, el 24 de diciembre del 2019, a tomar la decisión de someterse de forma voluntaria a la ley de quiebras e iniciar una reestructuración de sus pasivos y activos, lo que permitiera la viabilidad de la compañía. Tras esta decisión, Pablo Turner, presidente del Directorio de AD Retail, percibía que acogerse a la ley de quiebras cambiaría el plan estratégico 2020-2022 que había sido aprobado en septiembre del 2019 y cuyo objetivo era volver a tener utilidades en el 2020. En particular, Turner se preguntaba, ¿por qué Dijon no había generado el valor corporativo esperado tras su adquisición en el 2013?, ¿por qué el holding no pudo hacer frente a los efectos causados por el estallido social?, ¿era el plan estratégico 2020-2022 acorde a la situación que estaba atravesando la compañía?, ¿qué alternativas tenía AD Retail para salir de la crisis financiera? Aunque su mayor preocupación era si el estallido social se extendería durante el 2020 y sus posibles consecuencias para la economía chilena, lo que llevó a preguntarse a Turner: ¿es la hora del cierre definitivo de AD Retail?.

Purpose of Research: The present paper studies the effectiveness of the factors in motivating the employees working in the retail industry. It also analyses the perception of the employees about the effectiveness of the factors influencing staff motivation and the difficulties faced by them in their workplace and their opinions on being better off. This study is very crucial in present day context as competition in retailing is getting steeper. Particularly after the economic slowdown in a highly volatile economic environment, retailers must analyse the factors affecting their employee motivation. Methodology: In this study, the researchers have tended to highlight the positivist philosophical approach. The research has been carried through the survey done on the staffs of operations and sales team of some top organised retailers in Kolkata by a standardised questionnaire, blended with open ended and close ended questions. It also delves into the effect of demographics and psychology of the staffs and their perception about the factors influences their motivation level in the workplace, by using various statistical tools like Chi-Square Test, Cronbach’s Alpha and Factor Analysis in the study. Findings: Reward and Recognition structure and Cash Benefit structures are the most influential factors in motivating the staffs to work in retail sector, closely followed by Career growth opportunities. Again, the Incentive structure influences the staff motivation to perform better in sales. Practical Implications and Conclusions: The components give an unadulterated and fulfilling experience to the staffs which makes them feel good about their work and also make them feel hopeful in order to make betterment in their career. These leads to positively influencing the motivation level of the staffs in the retail industry. This leads to better performance from the staffs in both quality and quantity. This also reduces employee turnover. This helps in maintaining a healthy environment work balance with a healthy relationship between the staffs and the management, in the retail sector. This in turn helps the retail sector to grow and prosper.

The government-guided establishment and incubation of the retail sector in Taiwan has achieved striking success and generated high consumption. This success was even more striking because when the increase of consumption began, the country had not enough retail shopping centers and it was to accept some foreign retail investments. Originally there were no Taiwanese retail firms with deep technological roots and managerial skills. Yet government decision-makers recognized the challenges of upgrading the nation’s economy basing and formulating a strategy that entailed the creation of high-level economic growth which serve as vehicles to stimulate the consumption. Beyond a comprehensive review on Taiwan’s retail sector, the main objective is to analyse the role and the influence of the sector in the Taiwanese macroeconomy. The first issue is getting a picture in Asia (special in Asia – Pacific region) of retail trends. To examine this issue, the authors have done some comparisons between Asia and Europe and apart from the obvious similarities, number of significant differences have been found. The research objective is to provide an effective introduction to the business context of consumption in Taiwan.

Retail centres are important tools for understanding the distribution and evolution of the retail sector at varying geographical scales. This paper presents a framework through which formal definitions and typologies of retail centres, such as those in the UK, can be extended to the US. Using Chicago as a case study and data from SafeGraph, we present a retail centre delineation method that combines Hierarchical-DBSCAN with ‘H3’, and demonstrate the usefulness of a non-hierarchical approach to retail classification. In addition, we show that the dynamicity and comprehensibility of retail centres make them an effective tool through which to better understand the impacts of COVID-19 on retail centre ‘health’, demonstrating significant scope for a comprehensive delineation of the scale, extent and characteristics of American retail centre agglomerations, providing a tool through which to monitor the evolution of American retail.