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Infrastructure is one of the most crucial pillars of productivity in any economy. Pushing infrastructure development and particularly organizing funds for infrastructure projects have been the biggest challenge in developing nations. The present study was taken up to review the infrastructure development and its financing in India. The study intended to (1) study the infrastructure development in India in the 11th and 12th Five Year Plan, (2) examine the sources used for infrastructure financing in India, (3) assess the actions taken by government to facilitate infrastructure financing and (4) propose measures to augment infrastructure financing to overcome infrastructure deficit in the country. It was found that though Government of India and Reserve Bank of India have taken several initiatives to facilitate infrastructure financing, there still exists a vast gap between supply side and the demand side. Some of the recommendations given in the paper include the need to evolve innovative business models and mitigate administrative glitches to ensure larger private participation; exploit the untapped potential of diaspora; revisit the statutory liquidity ratio norms for banks; evolve the municipal bond market; boost regional integration and improved connectivity through creation of corridors between sub-continental regions, which would not only bridge the finance gap but also the knowledge gap, etc.

Corporate governance is a significant tool to build strong and long relationships among various stakeholders in kinds of business organizations. Family businesses are not an exception to this. Like any other businesses, family businesses also need to have governance in place and practice to achieve the business strategies and to have long-term succession. Family-owned businesses are the backbone of many countries' economies in the world contributing substantial portion of GDP. Considering these, it is important to know the best practices of governance in family owned business organizations and the role played by governance to improve the strengths of these businesses. The chapter throws light on family business governance and explores various important practices highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in detail.

The last few decades have witnessed serious sustainability challenges such as economic uncertainty, depletion ozone layer, increase in pollution, urban decay, overpopulation, degradation, and shortage of natural resources, etc. The increasing pace of change and rising competition has posed unknown challenges and unparalleled pressure on the corporates not only to prosper, but also to sustain in future. With customers, investors, and other stakeholders becoming increasing aware and critical about sustainable practices, the companies are forced to think past short term monetary gains. As there exists an interdependence, integration, and co-creation among the three basic tenets of sustainability-people, planet, and profits. There is a global call on companies to pursue socially responsible conduct and adopt innovative practices which create value for people, planet, as well as economy.

In recent years, many organizations have incorporated corporate social responsibility (CSR) as part of their vision and mission statements. There are many evidences demonstrates the positive results after implementation of CSR. Now, the question is, what are the contributions of CSR towards sustainable development of society and growth? The current study shows the association between CSR and sustainable growth. Real-time analysis of relevant studies of organizations who initiated CSR strategies towards sustainable development and growth are incorporated in the present chapter.

The present study was taken up to review the initiatives taken by the present government to further consolidate the efforts to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth in India and to sustain the existing growth. The intent of the study was to explore the measures taken by the government to enhance: (a) infrastructure development, (b) financial inclusion, (c) growth in agriculture and rural sector, (d) social inclusion, (e) good governance and policy reforms and (f) expertise development and job creation in the country. The aim was also to evaluate the impact of these initiatives on the economy, find the gaps, if any, and suggest measures to complement the on-going efforts.

The part that Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play, both in developed and developing countries, cannot be over emphasized and therefore their existence and survival is a matter of concern not only for the policy makers but also for the researchers. Large number of MSMEs die the same year that they are established. The current research was taken up to understand how MSMEs manage their risk and whether enterprise risk management is essential for survival and sustainable development of MSMEs. The objective of the research was to (1) understand the peculiar nature of the MSMEs which make them vulnerable, (2) explore the various risks confronted by MSMEs, (3) understand how the MSMEs manage their risk, (4) understand 'Enterprise Risk Management' and its components and (5) explore the relevance of 'Enterprise Risk Management' for the survival and sustainable development of MSMEs. The results show that MSMEs by virtue of their size, inadequate resources and restricted know-how generally confront wide-ranging risks. In MSMEs the management of risk is concentrated in the hands of the owner-managers and there are no systemic linkages between the planning and risk management. Therefore, this study stresses the need for integrating an effective enterprise risk management system with planning and administration within the MSMEs, to avoid fatal consequences.

INTRODUCTION: The cervical vertebrae are seven in number. They are the smallest of the vertebrae and can be identified by the presence of a foramen in each transverse process. The dorsal and ventral roots terminate laterally as dorsal and ventral tubercles. The roots are connected lateral to the foramen by an intertubercular lamella. The vertebral artery which arises from the superoposterior aspect of the first part of the subclavian artery, passes through the foramina in the transverse processes of all of the cervical vertebrae except the seventh. It then curves medially behind the lateral mass of the atlas and enters the cranium through the foramen magnum 1 . The vertebral vein begins in suboccipital venous plexus and descends in foramen transversarium (FT). At the lower end the plexus unites into a single vein, which lies in front of the vertebral artery and terminates into the posterior surface of the first part of Brachiocephalic vein, or lower end of internal jugular vein2. Thus FT transmits the second part of vertebral artery with its accompanying veins and a sympathetic plexus from the lower cervical ganglion. The seventh foramen transmits a vein and a grey ramus from the lower ganglion running up to join the seventh nerve. The ganglion is situated beside the vertebral artery below the level of the seventh costal process, so that its filament to the eighth nerve reaches it directly, but that for the seventh must ascend through the foramen3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During inspection of 72 cervical vertebrae housed in the Department of Anatomy, Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, divided foramen transversarium was noticed in four vertebrae, which were photographed. The length of bony bars and the diameters of the foramina were measured by digital vernier caliper.

Atlas is the first cervical vertebra with a groove for the vertebral artery on the posterior arch. We found an abnormal foramina on the posterior arch. The size of the foramina were measured by sliding caliper. The vertebral artery is vulnerable to compression in its course between foramen transversarium and the foramen magnum during extreme rotation of the head and neck. This situation may be aggravated by the presence of posterior or lateral bridge of the Atlas and result in compromised blood flow. The incidence of the bony ring formed by posterior bridging has been demonstrated in Atlases of various races across the world, which varies between 1.875% to 29.2%. In an examination of twenty eight South Indian Atlases it was found in 10.7% of the cases. The presence of this bony bridging should be taken in to account during a surgical manipulation of the cervical spine.