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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a free-floating plant, which grows up to three feet in height. It has thick, waxy, rounded, glossy leaves, which rise well above the water surface on stalks. Water hyacinth is among the major problems currently facing lake Victoria which is the second-largest freshwater lake in the world by area and directly supports a population of more than 40 million East Africa’s (Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) inhabitants. In addition to that, the lake is source of the river Nile. Navigation, eco system, fishing industry, tourism, crop production, and livestock keeping are among the socio-economic impacts resulting from invasion of water hyacinth on lake Victoria. In this paper, a manual water hyacinth harvester is constructed, tested, and analysis.

The primary objective of this study is to analyse the electrical power output generated from water flow in pipelines by using a suitable method to carry out the experiment. Hydroelectric power generation is widely used in Malaysian to generate electricity for consumer. As it comes with the function of a dam that collects water and the water flows from high level to low level that passes through turbine to generate electricity based on their capacity. For ship usage itself, the electricity is generated using diesel generators. If one applies the principle of hydroelectric power generation on ship, one can reduce the fuel consumption and dependency toward the generator. As pipelines are widely used in ship systems, there is always pressure in it no matter type of fluid in it. Moreover, only little alteration must be made to the system when applied by ship owners. The system consists of a turbine inside the pipeline connected to the shaft that rotates the rotor to generate electricity that can be stored using batteries or distributed for ship usage.

Once an oil spill incident happens, it produces serious long-term effects on environmental, social, economics, marine ecosystems, coastal communities, and human life. Thus, this paper reviews the challenges on the oil spill incidents in Malaysia faced by main government agencies such as the Marine Department, Department of Environment, and a key player private organization named PIMMAG. The reviews are from related journal, articles, and other online references, respectively. It is vital to analyze the challenges in the oil spill management as Malaysia is facing oil spill cases. The findings disclosed that the main challenges are human mobility, miscommunication, insufficient equipment, and unknown sources of the oil spill incidents.