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The pandemic recession of 2020 was unusual not only for its cause and severity, but also for the disproportional impact that it had on women's employment. Figure 1 displays the [...]

Rule evasion by companies is a major driver of change in contemporary market societies. Recent research holds that periods of market instability offer opportunities to bring rule evasion under control because crises expose hidden market practices. Based on original archival evidence from the financial crisis of 1974, this article shows that rule evasion is disclosed not automatically, but strategically and selectively. To explain the ensuing dynamics, the article develops a Goffmanian framework in which regulators learn of a crisis of rule evasion backstage (in their interactions with companies) but use a conventional definition of the situation frontstage (in their presentations to the public). In an as yet unrecognized outcome, the regulators may find themselves caught between frontstage and backstage: their communications to the public limit their room for maneuver against the companies backstage, forcing them to repurpose their extant crisis-management tools. Because regulators publicly pretend to stay within their mandate, this form of crisis response renders re-regulation of rule evasion less likely. The finding contributes a new explanation for a central puzzle in the burgeoning sociology of crises: why periods of instability so rarely lead to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global economic growth prospects are facing ups and downs, the rise of interest rates to contain inflation, especially after the lingering effects of the pandemic and supply chain disruptions, recession and geopolitical tensions are obstacles for the world economy. The research question is what are the reasons for the recent global economic recession and what challenges could have on business and markets? As a methodology of research, we focused on a literature review of the existing literature and data analysis. Various economic recessions could happen from time to time and several have happened throughout history affecting the financial levels of businesses and profits. The economy bases as well on the degree of production, services, goods, consumer confidence and market trends. So, the stability of companies and countries depend a lot on these things. The results show that advanced economies raise interest rates to combat inflation, financial conditions are tightening, especially for emerging market economies. In conclusion, with cautious policy action, new strategies of negotiations and joint multilateral efforts, the world could move towards stronger and more inclusive growth. Strengthening global cooperation remains the best way to improve economic prospects. Fostering emotional intelligence in business is important. Mainly it is better to avoid? Decrease or deal with inflation rates first then with the recession since inflation is one of the main indicators and drivers to and in a recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that we are talking about how to survive recession for the second time in two years is a timely reminder that we must not take our clients or our businesses for granted. This article describes the key aspects of your business to think about and some simple marketing plans to put in place that will help you to win customers and survive this current storm in the best financial shape possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the lives of people with disabilities (PWD). How the pandemic affects the employment of PWD and employers has yet to be determined. We aimed to investigate the employment consequences of the pandemic as experienced by PWD and employers. The research questions were: (1) What employment effects do PWD experience, and what business changes do employers encounter as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) What challenges have PWD encountered during the pandemic? Methods Cross-sectional online surveys of 733 PWD and 67 employers in the Midwestern United States. Results Compared to non-disabled peers, PWD encountered more challenges in employment during the pandemic. We found high percentages of both employers and PWD experiencing employment changes and business shutdown during the pandemic. For PWD whose employment was not affected, 14.6% of the participants (n = 107) expected a loss of income and worried about the economic uncertainty of the pandemic. Unemployment for PWD is high due to illness or disability, being laid-off or furloughed, business reductions, and not feeling safe to work. However, only about 18.6% of unemployed PWD (n = 16) received pay or benefits for the time they were not working even though more than half filed for unemployment benefits. Conclusions The pandemic adversely affected employment of PWD as reported by workers and employers. Findings parallel the experience of the non-disabled workforce, but reveal vulnerabilities that reflect disability consequences and the need for job accommodations. Results reveal emergent needs for policy supports to reduce the disparities experienced by PWD in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article identifies economic shocks that accompanied previous pandemics and the features of the 2020 recession. An analytical review of typical measures for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating its economic consequences allowed the authors to identify problems common to all countries and specific challenges for groups of countries. The research made it possible to conclude that in 2020 the vector of support in Russia coincides with the directions of support in most countries, while in the past crises Russia has gone its own way. The authors justify, that applying a network approach to government anti-crisis programs may largely increase their success.

A steady and consistent national and local government leadership is crucial in times of crisis. The trust in government – which can be so fragile – was strong in Eldoret town, a large municipal in western Kenya widely known for ethnic conflicts. In our interviews with 20 business people and 30 community members from Eldoret town, we found that the trust built early in the pandemic was broken due to individual leaders who eventually dismissed public health promotion and engaged in politics and corruption of funds for COVID-19 relief. When leadership was strong, locals in Eldoret town (and especially business owners) engaged in public health prevention measures for the greater good. But when leadership slipped, people complained and eventually ignored public health prevention measures at home, on the bus, and in businesses around town, causing the intensification of outbreaks. This was most common among those engaged in the formal economy as those in the informal economy were more likely to mistrust the government altogether. We show who falls through the cracks when government policy targets viral threats and suggest how local government and public health agencies might work to control COVID-19 infections while ensuring that all Eldoret residents are cared for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clementine Rees Brown sits down with Justin Leigh to discuss his career from a dental technician to business leader and bestselling author, and the new course Focus4Growth is offering for dental professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the extent to which respondents are interested in being able to continue to survive or start a new business through a digital platform which is currently one of the solutions to the economic downturn due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is a quantitative descriptive analysis survey using validity and reliability tests to measure the effectiveness of digital marketing workshop activities that are seen based on the extent of the respondents' interest and understanding. The sample in this study were all participants of a workshop related to digital marketing held at Widyatama University. The results of this study indicate that the Q9 questionnaire question item produces the highest rating value of 4.40 which means it is included in the "Strongly Agree" category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge governments and policymakers worldwide. They have rightfully prioritised reducing the spread of the virus through social distancing interventions. However, shuttered business and widespread restrictions on travel and mobility have led to an economic collapse with increasing uncertainty of how quickly recovery will be achieved. Methods The authors carried out a review of publicly available information on the economic intervention's countries have put in place to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19. Results The strategies and scale of economic interventions have been broad, ranging from 2.5% to a reported 50% of Gross Domestic Product. Conclusions Numerous countries are beginning to ease lockdown restrictions and restart economies in different ways. There is therefore evolving, real-world data that should be used dynamically by governments and policymakers. The strategies on restarting the economy must be balanced against the uncertainty of a possible second wave of COVID-19. A nuanced approach to easing restrictions needs to take into account not only immediate risk to life but longer-term risks of widening inequalities and falling life expectancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late September 2010, I had the great fortune of joining the APHSA team as its executive director. It's amazing to me that 10 years have passed. In many ways, [...]

The share of unemployed individuals who are 'long-term unemployed'--that is, unemployed for 26 weeks or longer--surged to record highs in the United States during the Great Recession. Figure 1 decomposes [...]

Abstract The United States has now experienced three major wealth bubbles since 1945. The first two peaked in 1999 and 2006, followed by crash and recession. By 2018, peaks were [...]

Despite the international status of China and India rising dramatically in the previous decades, trade between the two countries did not grow accordingly. This paper investigates the determinants of the [...]

In this paper, we analyze fiscal redistribution after the Great Recession. Are welfare states still effective in reducing income inequality? We use recent microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study to examine redistribution from transfers and income taxes, and the several underlying social programs that drive the changes in 31 countries. On average, we find that social transfers and income taxes reduce the Gini by 31%. In most countries, pensions are a dominant factor. After performing a number of sensitivity analyses, we conclude that the redistributive impact of the welfare state is still substantial. Keywords Welfare states * Social income transfers * Inequality * Gini coefficient JEL Classification H53 * H55 * 132, Introduction The overall tendency over the past two or three decades has been for an increase in income inequality in the large majority of rich nations. In OECD countries, the [...]

This paper examines the effect of state default on political regime and shows that state defaults are associated with autocratic polity changes. Using a dataset of 105 countries from 1824 to 2004, we find that a state default leads to a statistically significant decline in the level of democracy, as measured by the Polity IV index. To deal with endogeneity, we use an instrumental variables fixed effects estimator along with a semiparametric propensity score weighting estimator to correct for democratic dynamics prior to the default. Keywords State default * Regime Transition * Democracy * Autocracy JEL Classification F34 * P16 017, Introduction Since the outset of the global economic crisis, there have been concerns about the effects of recession on political stability worldwide. For example, the Washington Post reported on February [...]

The aim of this article is to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the income models of the Spanish general interest press through an in-depth analysis of the case of ‘El Mundo’. This article shows data about the decline in advertising, both in printed and digital formats, during the first quarter of 2020 and, more specifically, during March. It also reveals that the media platforms with a previously implemented subscription system have gained a significant number of new registrations. Not only is ‘El Mundo’ an example of this trend, but also other newspapers such as ‘Eldiario.es’, ‘Ara’, ‘La Razón’ or ‘La Voz de Galicia’. The reader becomes an alternative to lessen advertising losses at a time of global transformation of the industry towards reader-revenue models. Long-term consequences of a probable economic recession once the pandemic effects are reduced are also considered in the analysis. The article also outlines some key points to ensure the viability of newspaper publishers, such as investing in journalists with relevant sources or profiles that know how to manage new digital businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the income models of the Spanish general interest press through an in-depth analysis of the case of 'El Mundo'. This article shows data about the decline in advertising, both in printed and digital formats, during the first quarter of 2020 and, more specifically, during March. It also reveals that the media platforms with a previously implemented subscription system have gained a significant number of new registrations. Not only is 'El Mundo' an example of this trend, but also other newspapers such as 'Eldiario.es', 'Ara', 'La Razón' or 'La Voz de Galicia'. The reader becomes an alternative to lessen advertising losses at a time of global transformation of the industry towards reader-revenue models. Long-term consequences of a probable economic recession once the pandemic effects are reduced are also considered in the analysis. The article also outlines some key points to ensure the viability of newspaper publishers, such as investing in journalists with relevant sources or profiles that know how to manage new digital businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]