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The role of a combustion chamber in a turbocharger test rig is to generate the hot gas. The generated gas should be stable with uniform mass flow as well as required thermodynamic properties. It is done by using wide range of air-fuel (AF) ratio at constant pressure process like a fuel burner. Hence, it is required to design the combustion chamber with suitable empirically derived formulas during the preliminary design stage. Thus the present study addresses the design procedure involved in development of a combustion chamber for a test rig based on the required inlet mass flow rate and temperature for the test section. The reference characteristics (reference area and reference velocity) of the combustor are considered in calculating other dimensions of the combustor. Then, the design data obtained through the formula is validated through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation. The simulation results showed that, the total pressure drop across the combustor was 0.017 against the assumed ratio of 0.07 at the design stage. It means that the total pressure is almost recovered. The recirculation flow in primary zone and jets of corresponding secondary and dilution zones were also observed. The suggested design procedure can be used to design the combustor.

Adriamycin (ADR), which is widely used in the treatment of various neoplastic conditions, exerts toxic effects in many organs. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of lipoic acid (LA) against acute ADR induced peroxidative damages in rat kidney. The study was carried out with adult male albino rats of Wistar strain, which comprised of one control and three experimental groups. Group I rats served as controls. Group II rats received ADR (7.5mg/kg body weight) intravenously through the tail vein. Group III rats were given LA (75 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. Group IV rats were given LA one day before the administration of ADR. Rats subjected to ADR administration showed a decline in the thiol capacity of the cell accompanied by high malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with lowered activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) glutathione (GSH) and GSH metabolizing enzymes (glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)). However no significant change was observed in the activity of glutathione-S-transferees (GST). Pretreatment with LA showed considerable changes over oxidative stress parameters. Nephrotoxic damage was evident from the decrease in the activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-GLU), which were reverted upon LA pretreatment.This study has highlighted the beneficial effects of LA pretreatment in reversing the damages caused by ADR, by bringing about an improvement in the reductive status of the cell.