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This article presents the immediate results of the treatment of patients with locaiiy advanced cancer of the oropharyngeal region, using the new puncture cryodestruction technique and standard surgical treatment. The overall and one-year disease-free survival rates of patients with locally advanced cancer of the oropharyngeal region were evaluated. The analysis of disease progression data in the main and in the control groups was carried out.

The features of 10-keV electron propagation through a cylindrical channel made of borosilicate glass are experimentally studied. Experimental results indicate that a fast electron beam can be controlled using tapered capillaries fabricated from the given material. The charge distribution formed inside the channel provides conditions under which no less than 20% of beam electrons pass through the channel without considerable energy losses even if the inclination angles exceed the geometric angle of transmission.

Introduction . Currently thyroid nodules are a widespread problem in clinical oncology and head and neck cancer, malignant focal lesions constitute more than 15–20 %. Accurate diagnosis is very important and determines treatment, as well as the volume of surgical intervention. Objective – determination of the diagnostic value of the method of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Reference materials were the results of the histological study of surgical specimens. Method. Performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of 42 patients who underwent surgery at the surgical department of head and neck tumors on the verified thyroid cancer in the N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology at the Ministry of Health of Russia. The number of female patients was 36 persons (85.5 %), the number of men was 6 people (14.5 %). The average age of patients among men was 55.5 years, women – 46 years. All patients underwent surgical treatment in the amount of extirpation of the thyroid gland – 16 patients (37.5 %), hemithyroidectomy – 26 patients (62.5 %). Results. The sensitivity of ultrasound with contrast in the diagnosis of cancer of the thyroid gland was 94.11 %, specificity was 87.5 %, diagnostic accuracy – 92.8 %. Conclusions. The technique of ultrasound nodules thyroid with intravenous contrast enhancement has an excellent diagnostic properties, allowing to identify and verify thyroid cancer is 8 % more accurately in comparison with standard ultrasound technique.

A series of experiments is carried out to study the passage of electrons with an energy of 10 keV through glass macrocapillaries of tapered shape with an input—output diameter ratio of 1 : 10 and 1 : 5. Experiments are performed for different tilt angles of the capillaries with respect to the incident-beam axis. The results demonstrate a significant increase in the current density of a beam passed through the capillaries.

The results of an investigation of the passage of 10-keV electron beam through dielectric channels fabricated from ceramic (zirconium dioxide) and pyroelectric crystals (lithium niobate) are presented. The angle of deflection of the electron beam by the channels was measured as a function of the angle of interaction of the beam with the internal walls of the channels. The obtained results indicate the possible prospects of using dielectric surfaces as effective deflectors of accelerated charged particles.

Despite the low incidence of nasopharyngeal tumors, the treatment of patients with this disease remains an important and intricate issue. Its risk factors include smoking and alcoholism. About 60% of nasopharyngeal cancer cases are detected at Stages III–IV due to the fact that the early disease stages are latent. The diagnosis of the disease is difficult because of the specific features of the anatomy of the nasopharynx and physicians’ errors. Chemotherapy can relieve pain in patients and considerably improve their quality of life. Chemoradiation therapy is a main treatment option for locally advanced forms. The now range of choice of chemopreparations is narrow so data on successful chemotherapy are particularly valuable. The effectiveness of therapy depends on a patient’s general health state and comorbid condition. The frequency of complications after chemotherapy is high. Some patients are at risk for febrile neutropenia. The risk factors include over 65 years of age; hyponutrition; previous aggressive chemotherapy; the presence of open wounds; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and low hemoglobin levels. It is necessary to thoroughly control clinical blood tests, to alleviate the manifestations of mucositis, to evaluate the effect of performed therapy after each even cycle, and to perform computed tomography of the chest and abdomen and spiral computed tomography of the head and neck. In the absence of contraindications to radiotherapy, this technique should be considered during treatment planning. In patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, the efficiency of performed chemoradiation treatment is higher than that of chemotherapy only.

The role of real-time elastography or sonoelastography has been widely discussed recently. However, there are practically no publications which showed the influence of endocrine status in the process for improving of diagnostic value of this method; this issue was the aim of our study. 128 patients (31 – benign adenomas and 97 – thyroid cancer: 13 – follicular and 84 – papillary) were evaluated prospectively. Mean age was 48.3 ± 15.9 years. It was confirmed that the blue colour or 4–5 elastotype of sonoelastography was mainly discovered in thyroid cancer vs adenoma (73.2 % vs 25.8 %, χ2 = 18.96, р = 0.0001). Parameters of the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were equal 90.7 %, 54.8 % and 82.0 % for sonoelastography, and 95.9 %, 45.2 % and 83.6 % for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, respectively. The combination of sonoelastography with fine-needle aspiration biopsy or with body mass index, presurgical glucose or thyroid-stimulating hormone level increased specificity of sonoelastography by 65.0 %, 70.0 %, 64.7 % and 63.2 %, respectively. Thus, sonoelastography had the same diagnostic accuracy as fine-needle aspiration biopsy in predicting of thyroid cancer. The specificity of sonoelastography could be increased by combination with fine-needle aspiration biopsy as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone or glucose level and body mass index value.

Diagnostics of thyroid cancer (TC) remains a challenging issue due to the high incidence of asymptomatic thyroid nodular pathologies and absence of non-invasive methods of their assessment. Thyroid tumors are classified as benign and malignant with incidence ration approximated as 9:1. Correct and timely differential diagnosis is the basis for correctly choosing a treatment policy and hence determines treatment results. Methods for molecular genetic analysis are being recently developed and introduced into clinical practice, enabling the diagnostic process to be optimized. Analysis of the intracellular and secreted (exosomal) fractions of small regulatory RNAs (microRNAs) is one of the most promising methods for the diagnosis of cancers, including TC. The stability of extracellular microRNA is determined by bonds to proteins, lipoproteins, or its encapsulation into the membrane microvesicles – exosomes. There is reason for suggesting that exosomes with the specific composition of microRNA are a result of the process of active and biologically important secretion while release of other microRNA forms accompanies apoptotic or necrotic cell death. This determines the special diagnostic value of the exosomal fraction of circulating microRNAs, which may reflect the presence and clinically relevant properties of a tumor. This paper discusses the state of the problem and presents methods and preliminary results of the studies conducted by the authors to develop a novel method for diagnosing and monitoring TC. Thus, level of plasma exosomal miR-21 was shown to distinguish patients with benign tumor and follicular CT, while miR-31 can help to distinguish patients with benign tumor and papillary TC. Moreover, reciprocal character of miR-21 and miR-181a concentration in plasma exosomes was detected by comparison of patient with papillary and follicular TC.

A set of experiments to study the guiding of 10 keV electrons by tapered glass capillaries was performed. It is shown that the 10 keV electron beam can be tightly focused by the tapered macrocapillaries. The charge/discharge processes of the capillary inlet are shown and discussed. The guiding effect was obtained for 10 keV electrons by a tapered glass capillary of a simple shape. The electron beam transmission was measured for several angles.

Issues of tissue defects replacement after radical surgery for tumors of the head and neck do not lose their relevance. The article presents the results of plastics and replacement of the perforating combined defects of the floor of the mouth, portion of the upper and lower lips, the angle of the mouth, cheeks, neck lateral parts with simultaneous reduction of the configuration and function of the operated organs. Depending on the depth and nature of the existing tissue defect various methods of plastics were applied using arterialized flaps on the vascular pedicle in a free and non-free version. Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were achieved in patients allowing to improve life quality and to adapt socially.

The effect of guiding a 10-keV electron beam using dielectric plates is studied. It is shown that the electron beam after interaction with the insulator surface is deflected by this surface in different ways depending on a variety of grounding schemes of the front and back sides of plexiglass and aluminum-oxide plates. The dependence of the deflection of the beam from the plexiglass plates at different angle positions on the incident electron-beam current value is studied.

In the treatment of many unresolved issues, indicating the need for research aimed at finding more effective treatment approaches. The aim of the study is to analyze the results of combined treatment of patients with widespread forms of cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx with the application of surgical treatment in the amount of pharyngolaryngitis with single-step plastic of the defect. A retrospective analysis of results of combined treatment of 28 patients with a verified diagnosis of cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx. Combined treatment of patients with cancer of the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx included the following treatments: induction chemoradiotherapy according to the scheme cisplatin/5-fluorouracil, external beam radiation therapy 65 Gy, brachytherapy (7 Gy 1 time per week, 3 sessions), surgical treatment with one-stage plastic of the esophagus. In 7 patients (25 %) was achieved complete regression on the background of induction chemo-therapy, 21 patients (75 %) received the treatment in full. Postoperative mortality rate was of 9.52 %, post-operative complications such as anastomosis dehiscence – 19 %.

The possibility of using PZT-19 ceramic in a pyroelectric x-ray generator is investigated experimentally. Measurements of the x-ray spectra showed the possibility of obtaining on a ceramic surface in vacuum potentials up to 7 kV, which is very low compared with typical similar values for pyroelectric crystals of lithium niobate and tantalate. This feature is due to the significant permittivity of the ceramic. It is shown that the main criterion for picking a ceramic for a pyroelectric x-ray generation could be the maximum value of the ratio of the pyroelectric constant to the permittivity.

OBJECTIVE To improve the algorithm of differential diagnosis and complex treatment of patients with CR. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-two patients with CR were divided into 2 groups. Patients of the first group (n=21) received basic treatment (NSAID, myorelaxants, local injections with glucocorticoids (on demand), B vitamins and non-pharmacological methods) and the anticholinesterase drug ipidacrine. The second group (n=21) had only basic treatment. The total duration of the study was 45 days. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated with VAS, NDI, GROC and total duration of disability period. RESULTS A battery of tests for the diagnosis of CR that included Spurling test, motor strength deficiency, ULTT, pain pattern, shoulder adduction test (diagnostic complex SPASIBO), has been developed. A positive result of all 5 tests guarantees the 94.7% accuracy of CR diagnosis. The application of ipidacrine has allowed a significant (p

The grazing incidence interaction of a 10-keV electron beam with a planar surface of plexiglass is studied experimentally. Moreover, the electron passage through flat channels formed by such surfaces is investigated. The experiments reveal the presence of a guiding effect of the electron passage as in the case of a glass surface. However, there are some features, such as the existence of an initial elevation angle for the case of negative inclination angles of the plate. The formation of self-consistent charge on the surface of the plexiglass and its drain when the current is turned off occur more slowly than on the glass surface. This fact points to the difference in the surface conductivity of insulators.

The effect of the contactless transmission (guiding) of 10 keV electrons through cylindrical dielectric channels and planar channels formed by glass plates is studied. The capture and propagation of an electron beam along the channel axis, usual in these cases, are observed in the experiments with two plates. The deviation of the reflection angle from the specular angle and its dependence on the plate length and beamcurrent value under beam reflection from a single plate are investigated.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for treatment of pain, fever and inflammatory diseases. However, along with a high rate of efficacy, NSAIDs have been associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular complications related to the inhibition of the enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 and 2. The review addresses contemporary mechanisms of NSAID's side-effects and analyzes clinical trials of the efficacy and tolerability of aceclofenac, which is the most frequently prescribed NSAID, as in its traditional release form (100 mg 2 times a day) as well as in the controlled-release (200 mg a day) form.Нестероидные противовоспалительные средства (НПВС) широко используются во всем мире в лечении боли, гипертермии и воспаления. Однако наряду с высокой эффективностью применение НПВС ассоциировано с увеличением рисков гастроинтестинальных и кардиоваскулярных побочных эффектов в несколько раз, что связано с ингибированием активности циклооксигеназы 1-го и 2-го типа. В обзоре рассматриваются современные механизмы развития побочных эффектов на фоне приема НПВС, анализируются данные клинических исследований, в которых изучали эффективность и переносимость одного из наиболее распространенных препаратов из данной группы - ацеклофенака, используемого как в традиционной форме выпуска (100 мг 2 раза в день), так и в форме с контролируемым высвобождением действующего вещества (200 мг 1 раз в день).

A multi-wirescanner for diagnostics of ionizing particle beams (e.g. both non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic charged particles; X-ray and gamma photons) is proposed and discussed in the paper. The scanner is based on measurement of yield of characteristic X-rays generated during the particle interaction with the wires made of different materials. The proposed scanner is developed and tested on the beam of electrons with energy of 40 keV . The quasimonochromatic characteristic X-rays and continuous background are clearly identified. The results of measurements of the transverse size, emittance, position and direction of beam propagation are presented and discussed.

Experimental study of electron beam reflection from a single planar surface of Plexiglas was made. The distinct guiding effect for the part of the beam was observed for 10 keV electrons within angles of incidence from 0 to +3 degrees. The experiments using Poly plates showed a number of features of the process such as the dependence of the reflection on the plate surface quality and material of the surfaces, the divisions of the beam into two parts with different behaviour depend on tilt angle and the beam current value, the effect of an elevation angle of the beam in compare with initial beam trace at negative and zero tilt angles of the plate.