Search

In this article the author writes of having had the pleasure of meeting Datin Goh Suet Lan and one of the key members of her team, Mr. Murali, in the Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia with three colleagues, Associate Professor Dr. Shamala Paramasivam (who initiated this meeting), Dr. Ilyana Binti Jalaluddin, and Dr. Ramiza Binti Darmi. At the end of this meeting, Datin graciously accepted the invitation for an E-mail interview, which is the result of what is presented here. The interview will show how it is possible to educate women who are the bread-winners of poverty stricken families to work more wisely for a better living. In this interview, Datin, who is the president of an non governmental organization (NGO) called Women of Will (www.womenofwill.org.my), shares the insightful experiences she and her team have reaped in their journey of making a meaningful difference in their community.

This article presents a systematic review of the ways in which inequality is featured within New Zealand's secondary curriculum and Ministry of Education-supported Te Kete Ipurangi online teaching resources. Despite an increasing awareness of global inequality, there is minimal research on how inequality is represented within "The New Zealand Curriculum" and its implications for teaching and learning. The article draws attention to several insights: a general superficial level of engagement with inequality within the curriculum that was largely concentrated in the social sciences over other subject areas; an alternative emphasis on financial capability and students' personal financial responsibility for their financial wellbeing; and underlying social, cultural, and neoliberal undertones associated with the individual financial responsibility narrative within the curriculum and Ministry of Education teaching support resources.

This study was guided by the desire to advance whether concerted effort could enhance the creativity and innovations of women towards empowerment. Other purposes include: establishing the level of empowerment towards attaining good growth in building the informal sector economy and enhancing the status of women in Oke Ogun zone of Nigeria; determining the problems facing the creative abilities of women in improving their knowledge and skills through training. This study adopted descriptive survey design of ex-post facto type. Proportionate and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 128 women entrepreneurs as participants from four (4) purposively selected skills. Women Creativity and Innovations for Empowerment Questionnaire with reliability co-efficient of 0.86 was used as the main instrument to elicit responses from participants while 4 Focus Group Discussion sessions (FGDs) complemented the Questionnaire. The study indicated that there is a significant combined effect of women's socio-empowerment and women's economic empowerment on women's creativity and innovations (F (2,111) = 3.349; R = 239, R[superscript 2] = 0.057, Adj. R[superscript 2] = 0.040; P = 0.05). However, the Nigerian government is yet to advance a committed political will towards enhancing the efforts of women through the creation of good supportive measures, and an enabling environment to reduce poverty, create job opportunities and develop her human resources. It is recommended that the Nigerian government should demonstrate a good political will in poverty alleviation programmes, women's social groups and business organizations should be geared towards pulling labour and resources together to maximize labour productivity, information and social network which will lead to good growth of the informal sector.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how a new entrepreneurship education (EE) intervention offered at conflict-ridden Maiduguri, Nigeria, is having transformative impacts through new venture creation and poverty reduction. Design/methodology/approach: The paper adopts a single case study approach, drawing from in-depth interviews of participants, experts, and facilitators of the entrepreneurship training, in addition to relevant memos and documents. Findings: The findings indicate that the EE programme is, by generating awareness and facilitating skill development, contributing to new venture creation, poverty reduction, and positive change in mindset. However, the impact is limited by inadequate support through venture capital and limited facilities for business incubation. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited in its focus on EE provided for university undergraduates and graduates. Further research should explore interventions aimed at less-educated youth in the region, and in other conflict contexts. Social implications: The study suggests that EE facilitates youth empowerment through venture creation, in the process transforming them from aggrieved outsiders to active stakeholders in societal peace and national prosperity. Originality/value: The nascent theory of transformative entrepreneuring identifies poverty reduction and conflict resolution as the main mechanisms. This paper focuses on how EE triggers new venture creation, which in turn contributes to poverty reduction and overall change in mindset of otherwise unemployed and aggrieved youths.

While the conventional education system with different forms of E-learning and rigid academic instructive curriculum could not bring desired changes in specified timeframe work at rural level in the targeted communities and groups, a multipronged sociological approach with a sociable and flexible curriculum in new E-Learning programs becomes need of hour. The impact of socializing influence of these E-Learning programs should be properly exploited to motivate and inspire the rural target groups. The benefits of E-learning then become extensive and soon integrate with the needs of the lower strata of the society in order for achieving a rapid social transformation in the lives of the farmers, vocational groups, artisans and small income self help groups comprising women, girls and physically challenged. The paper suggests a number of new generation E-Learning programs as strategies of development communication with a promise of high returns for the industry for its investment in these programs with socially relevant messages and media convergence.

Criticism of the public schools has been unrelenting since "A Nation at Risk" was published in 1983. From that pivotal moment to the present the business community has played a crucial role in setting the parameters of the critique of the schools and shaping the reform agendas that have been proposed and implemented. However, this author has found the criticisms of student achievement leveled by the business community to reveal tremendous ignorance of the complexity of schools, of the challenges facing children and teachers everyday in classes across the nation, of the nature of the work of teaching and learning. Many of the reform proposals put forth as the "best new thing," often proposed or supported by the business sector and with little or no teacher input, have been either irrelevant or counterproductive to the work that needs to be done with the flesh and blood children in her classroom. It is as though the people creating these proposals are living and working in a parallel universe that never intersects with the realities of her work in education. Yet it is these very criticisms and policy recommendations that dominate the discussion on education reform today. The author believes that this is a mistake; an expensive and time-consuming diversion from the important work of making schools better and helping children get the most from what schools have to offer. In this article, the author describes the effects of the business community's significant and well orchestrated efforts to alter education in the U.S. today, and how these efforts influence life in school for teachers and students. She also proposes a three-pronged reform strategy that business leaders should embrace: (1) Base school organization and curricula on what scientific research has revealed about how children learn; not only healthy, advantaged children, but children who suffer from learning differences, personal loss, and the social pathologies related to living in poverty; (2) Make teachinga more attractive career option for the best and the brightest among college students; and (3) Address the problems associated with childhood poverty. (Contains 27 notes.)

This article describes findings from a research survey that measured agreement with items that concerned financial morality. The authors analyzed the responses of 382 teacher education majors and finance majors at a Midwestern institution of higher learning in the USA. The study found highest agreement with items measuring business responsibilities, and lowest agreement with items related to wealth distribution. It noted significant differences and varying effect sizes among education and finance majors' interpretation of items concerning business responsibility and wealth distribution. The authors recommend additional research to interpret the concept of financial morality and provide suggestions for related study.

For 15 years the millennium development goals (MDGs) were a guiding force for many issues affecting the lives of children and young people around the world. Agreed by UN member states in 2001, the eight MDGs were designed as a framework around which states were expected to develop policy priorities and shape their overseas aid spending plans. The goals provided a focus for donors, international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) around an overarching ambition to reduce global poverty and its worst effects. Over this time, through a combination of economic growth, more targeted development spending, technical progress and improved cooperation, life certainly has improved for millions of children. Tremendous progress has been made in reducing preventable child deaths, getting more girls and boys into school, reducing extreme poverty and ensuring more people have access to safe water and nutritious food. However, although astonishing improvements have been made on many "averages" across the goals, progress has been extremely uneven. Once you begin to disaggregate the data and break down those averages it soon becomes clear that there are still thousands who have been left behind. Too many children and young people--especially the very poorest, the most marginalized and those in most danger--did not escape poverty, get a quality education or receive protection from violence.

Some literature on World Bank education policies after 1999 tries to project a shift away of the Bank from its 1980s neoliberal mandate. This article argues that the shift is only in the form of rhetoric, which facilitates a hidden agenda of creating a worldwide higher education market, leaving the poor with primary education only. At the rhetorical level there is a greater concern for poverty and equity, showing the importance of primary education for the poor, but at an operational level the policies still are conducive to a market-driven approach to higher education.

A full understanding of disability recognizes that it has a powerful human rights dimension and is often associated with social exclusion, and increased exposure and vulnerability to poverty. Disability is a human rights issue. The World Bank (1999) report points out that one in five of the world's poorest are disabled, for whom access to basic rights is a daily struggle. Though arising from physical or intellectual impairment, disability has social implications as well as health ones. In most countries, government services for disabled people are still small-scale rehabilitation projects separated from the rest of the community. People with disabilities are amongst the poorest of the poor. Barriers built by disability and poverty can only be removed by the concerted and integrated effort of the government, NGOs, corporates, movie mughals and educational institutions. It is the duty of the rest of society to acknowledge the rights of the poor and the disabled. This can no longer be treated as philanthropy but is a responsibility.

This study examines the density of lottery outlets within ethnically concentrated neighborhoods in Middlesex County, New Jersey, using geospatial statistical analyses. No prior studies have empirically examined the relationship between lottery outlet density and population demographics. Results indicate that lottery outlets were not randomly dispersed across the county but rather were significantly clustered in some census tracts. Using geospatial statistical analysis, percent poverty was found to be negatively related to the density of lottery outlets, while percent commercial use was highly positively related. Percent Hispanic was strongly significant in all the models predicting lottery outlet density and had the highest explanatory power other than percent commercial. Other independent variables, including median household income and race (African American and White) were not found to be significant predictors of lottery outlet density. Implications for policy and research are discussed. (Contains 3 tables and 3 figures.)

The importance and potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to develop economies has been demonstrated through various studies around the globe. For the Pacific, especially Fiji, where development is hampered by dispersed populations, small sizes and vast ocean distances, ICT can help overcome these restrictive circumstances, of digital divide within society, by empowering the poor. An attempt is made to illustrate that, despite various initiatives and strategies designed by the governments in power, poverty in Fiji is still daunting and has in fact increased by almost 33% over the last 10 years. Therefore, it becomes prudent to look at government policies and e-governance initiatives in Fiji and analyze the reasons as to why results are not being achieved at the grass-roots level. Based on findings from a rapid appraisal among various stakeholders, the article highlights that e-governance initiative thus far could not be largely effective due to lack of participatory processes in e-governance and ICT practices. Community perception of e-governance and understanding of the issue are explored and it is argued that public awareness of e-governance is critical for projects to work. Along with this, some critical constraints facing e-governance in Fiji, with an emphasis on the role of community involvement to reduce poverty at the grass-roots level, are discussed. Solutions of citizen-centered e-governance are stressed and a down-to-earth approach to poverty is highlighted. This article asks for paradigm shifts in government's perception to see society as partners of governance and not merely recipients of state policies and service delivery systems. It raises the issue of community involvement in dialogue and decision making at the public policy and practice levels by making government departments reachable to stakeholders by harnessing the potential of ICT, new technologies and media. It also talks about the need to bridge information-data gaps and lapses which lead to inappropriate planning and decision making divorced from sharable scientific statistical data amongst the government departments and planning agencies. It emphasizes shared visions for strategies both at horizontal and vertical levels of planning and management in e-governance. (Contains 18 notes, 3 tables, and 3 figures.)

If the nation's economy over the past 10 years can be described as a roller coaster, North Carolina was riding in the first car. The 1990s offered the promise of North Carolina's moving to the forefront of the nation's prosperity, since it outranked most states on many positive indices and outranked other southern states on most of them. North Carolina's jobless rate hovered around 4 percent throughout most of the decade, and real personal income grew from $23,600 to $27,935 (in 2001 dollars), an 18 percent increase. However, the state's rising prosperity hid some significant threats, just as it did in the nation as a whole. During the same decade, poverty in North Carolina increased by over 15 percent, more than twice the rate of the rest of the country. Just as state leaders were starting to recognize that North Carolina could be defined as two states--an urban/suburban state with rapidly expanding economies, as well as a rural state with lagging economies--everything went downhill at the turn of the 21st century. In 1999, North Carolina had the 12th lowest unemployment rate in the country. By the end of 2002, it had the 5th highest. The state was hit particularly hard by the loss of jobs to offshore companies, but it was also hit by a series of devastating hurricanes. Hurricanes Fran and Floyd alone caused $12 billion in losses to state businesses and agriculture. The state's system of community colleges was created in the late 1950s and early 1960s to help North Carolina transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy. However, never in the history of these colleges has their impact been felt more strongly than in the last several years as community colleges struggled with their respective communities to deal with this reversal of fortune. This article discusses how North Carolina's rural community colleges use innovative practices to enrich and contribute to the state's faltering economy.

Shows how inequities in energy costs, whereby businesses pay relatively little, and poor, residential customers pay high prices, help to perpetuate social and economic stratification in the South. Links the struggle for Black political liberation to the struggle for equitable energy prices. (GC)

As corporate social responsibility research increasingly focuses on the role of grassroots organizations in challenging business practices, there remains a gap in understanding how these organizations prefigure alternatives to the prevailing business status quo. This study addresses this gap by developing a framework of prefigurative imaginaries, drawing from a qualitative study of a grassroots organization confronting the social irresponsibility of the Kenyan banking system in serving the poor. The framework captures how grassroots organizations use imaginaries to prefigure an alternative community currency system for enacting and foreshadowing social change. However, when attempts were made to scale up the system, these actions became disjointed, resulting in cracks within the imaginaries and the eventual abandonment of the system. Our study contributes to corporate social responsibility research by broadening its scope to include grassroots organizations and unveiling how they prefigure social change in marginalized contexts. By highlighting the significant influence of imaginaries on experiences and practices, this study underscores their role in shaping the acceptance or rejection of grassroots initiatives by the communities they aim to serve. It has implications for scholars and practitioners interested in understanding the role of imaginaries in shaping community-driven initiatives and advancing social change agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study investigates the relationship among trade openness, poverty, and human capital development in the pursuit of sustainable development across a panel of ten ECOWAS economies over a 34-year period (1987–2020). Specifically, it examines the roles of trade openness, poverty, and human capital development in sustainable development, while also exploring the moderating role of trade openness on the poverty-sustainable development relationship within the ECOWAS region. To conduct this analysis, the study employs panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) using both the Pool Mean Group (PMG) estimator and Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) techniques, taking into account cross-sectional dependence, cointegration, and other relevant diagnostic tests. The findings indicate that poverty has a consistent negative long-run impact on sustainable development, while human capital is positively associated with sustainability over the long term. Trade openness lacks a significant relationship with sustainability in both the short and long run. Inflation is insignificantly related to sustainability. Exchange rates demonstrate mixed effects. In terms of moderation, trade openness positively and significantly moderates the poverty-sustainability relationship in the long run but not the short run. Robustness testing using the AMG and P-OLS models further validates the significant positive impact of human capital and the insignificant effect of trade openness on sustainable development. Given poverty’s significant negative association and human capital’s positive link with sustainable development, the findings suggest the need for integrated policy mixes prioritizing multidimensional poverty reduction and human capability enhancement to promote sustainability objectives across both short- and long-term horizons in ECOWAS countries. Furthermore, prudent management of exchange rates and well-designed trade policies should complement these efforts to mitigate potential risks and harness any benefits for sustainability.

The development of community-based tourism has seen many communities in rural areas take control of their economic well-being, social justice issues, and environmental integrity. In many quarters, this kind of freedom has been attributed to the availability of competent leadership that can mobilise the community and the resources endowed to the community. This study investigated the role of community leadership in the development of sustainable community based tourism. The study assumed a qualitative research approach that followed an exploratory design. The chosen approach employed semi-structured interviews of 15 respondents through a non-probability sampling technique to solicit data. The collected data was analysed using NVivo software version 12, producing a comprehensive observation report accompanied by word trees, word clouds, cluster analysis, and tree maps. The study's findings produced themes indicative of the community’s views concerning the role played by community leaders in the development of sustainable community-based tourism. These findings presented orations by respondents indicating contributions of community leaders in the development of sustainable community based tourism together with the shortcomings in terms of the leaders’ capacity and skills required to lead a community away from poverty and vulnerability.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of people’s credit banks (BPRs), a predominant form of microfinance in Indonesia, in mitigating poverty. Using panel data from 31 provinces in Indonesia, this study employs static panel and panel models with instrument variables. Our findings substantiate that BPR credit significantly contributes to poverty reduction across various indices, including headcount poverty, poverty gap, and poverty severity measures. The empirical results offer valuable insights into the efficacy of targeted microfinance as a potent tool for poverty alleviation in developing economies.

This study investigates the effects of remittances on poverty and economic growth in Jordan from 1970 to 2022. The study makes use of the augmented autoregressive distrib­uted lag (AARDL) cointegration method to investigate the relationships between remittances, poverty, and economic growth. The study also incorporates control variables including for­eign direct investment, inflation, interest rates, government expenditures, and the composite trade index to take into consideration their potential impact on the outcomes. The findings support remittances’ role as an economic development accelerator by demonstrating their strong positive impact on Jordan’s economic growth. Remittances have a detrimental im­pact on poverty as well, suggesting a potential role for them in efforts to eradicate it. The research also confirms the anticipated impacts of the control variables, indicating that while inflation, interest rates, and the composite trade index have favourable effects on poverty, government expenditures and foreign direct investment have negative consequences. The policymakers and stakeholders in Jordan will need to consider the implications of these findings carefully. Policymakers can create measures to draw in and successfully channel remittance flows by recognising the beneficial effects of remittances on economic growth and poverty alleviation. The findings also highlight how important it is to encourage foreign direct investment, control inflation and interest rates, and facilitate trade diversification in order to boost economic growth and lower poverty. First published online 28 August 2024

The article empirically examines the impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation in the SAARC region. The study uses panel data from 2000 to 2019 for five selected SAARC countries. The proxy variable for microfinance is gross loan portfolio per capita, and poverty is measured by household consumption expenditure per capita. The other variables are the percentage of active borrowers to the total population, government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, and credit to the private sector by banks as a percentage of GDP. The panel data regression model is used to explain the relationship among the variables. Hausman Test suggests the use of the Fixed Effect Model. The results of the Fixed Effect Model reveal that by controlling other variables, the countries having higher Gross Loan Portfolio per capita have higher household consumption expenditure per capita and thus have lower incidences of poverty. R2 value concludes that the concerned variables explain 94.1% of variations in household consumption expenditure per capita.

Purpose – The COVID-19 pandemic has wrought havoc on economies around the world. The purpose of this study is to learn about the distributional impacts of the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach – The authors contribute new theoretical and empirical evidence on the distributional impacts of the pandemic on different income groups in a multicountry setting. The authors analyze rich individual-level survey data covering 6,082 respondents from China, Italy, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States. The results are robust to various econometric models, including ordinary least squares (OLS), Tobit and ordered probit models with country-fixed effects. Findings – The authors find that while the outbreak has no impact on household income losses, it results in a 63% reduction in the expected own labor income for the second-poorest income quintile. The pandemic impacts are most noticeable for savings, with all the four poorer income quintiles suffering reduced savings ranging between 5 and 7% compared to the richest income quintile. The poor are also less likely to change their behaviors regarding immediate prevention measures against COVID-19 and healthy activities. The authors also found countries to exhibit heterogeneous impacts. Social implications – Designing tailor-made social protection and health policies to support the poorer income groups in richer and poorer countries can generate multiple positive impacts that help minimize the negative and inequality-enhancing pandemic consequences. These findings are relevant not only for COVID-19 but also for future pandemics. Originality/value – The authors theoretically and empirically investigate the impacts of the pandemic on poorer income groups, while previous studies mostly offer empirical analyses and focus on other sociodemographic factors. The authors offer a new multicountry analysis of several prevention measures against COVID-19 and specific health activities.

Background: The participation of female labour is essential for promoting industrialisation. North African economies are plagued by low levels of female labour force participation (FLP) and high gender inequality gaps. Low levels of FLP are detrimental to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, such as gender equality, decent work, and economic growth, as well as reduced inequalities. Aim: This research aimed to establish the determinants of FLP in North Africa. Setting: North Africa. Method: The research adopted the Panel Auto Regressive Distributed Lag. Data were sourced from the World Bank for the period 1991–2021. Results: The empirical findings showed that the lack of gender-sensitive policies, limited investment in education and institutional barriers limit the capacity of women to participate in the labour market. Primary research findings depicted that the Human Development Index (HDI), fertility rate and life expectancy had a positive impact on FLP in the long run. Economic growth had a positive effect on FLP in the short run. Conclusion: It was concluded that North African governments need to develop policies that advance the interests of women, as well as the implementation of women empowerment programmes. Contribution: The findings of the study imply that addressing FLP requires collaborative efforts from the governments and other stakeholders and this helps in reducing gender inequality.

The social phenomena of poverty and social exclusion are widely studied by various disciplines. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted both social problems, due to the strong impact that the health situation has had on economies and their populations. Studies before and after the pandemic have shown some confusion in the treatment of the terms of poverty and social exclusion. However, these are not synonymous but refer to different social problems, with different characteristics and consequences for the society that suffers from them. This paper presents a theoretical discussion on poverty and social exclusion and, in turn, due to their shared origin, tries to measure the multidimensional deprivations in Argentina before and after the measure of Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation established in the framework of the health crisis. To fulfill the objective, an exhaustive conceptual-theoretical review is outlined and the aggregate multidimensional deprivation indicator proposed by Ibáñez Martín (2018) is estimated for the years 2019 and 2021. The preliminary results allow us to argue that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated deprivation situations in Argentina in multiple spheres. In turn, this crisis has deepened the differences between social groups with relations of domination.

Natural woodlands provide a myriad of products and services that support community rural livelihoods through improving household income, food security, safety net, health and nutrition, leisure, ecotourism and outdoor recreation. This is more often realized among women in remote or rural areas, who for most of the time, live in poverty. This study is aligned with the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1 (No poverty) and 12 (responsible consumption and production). Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the potential and constraints of using Sclerocarya birrea kernels (morula) as a source of ecotourism to support livelihoods for members of a community-based Trust (CBO) in rural Botswana. The study was carried out in two villages of Seolwane and Matlhako in the central district of Botswana. Data for the study was collected from 102 members of the Trust using a semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide for key informants. Additional information was gathered through participant observation during field work. The harvesters and producers comprised mostly of elderly women with an average age of 64 years. The net margin for kernel production for an average producer was profitable, and an ecotourism potential for morula project was rated high. Challenges facing production of morula kernels include but not limited to lack of market, lower prices, primitive production technology associated with health injuries and poor marketing. Erratic rainfall and recurring dry spells were perceived to be affecting fruiting and production of morula. The study recommends the development of an improved or modern technology in the production of kernels, listing morula tree under protected tree species in Botswana as well as encouraging and supporting its planting around the country.

Poverty is a complex and multidimensional problem occurring in various countries, one of which is Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the effect of GRDP, education, and the Gender Empowerment Index (GEI) on poverty in five regencies in Central Java from 2010 - 2021. The Central Bureau of Statistics provided secondary data for this descriptive quantitative research. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression with panel data. The results showed that GRDP and education had a negative and significant effect on poverty. Gender Empowerment Index had no effect on poverty due to gender inequality. The implications of this research were the regional governments of Kebumen, Brebes, Pemalang, Banjarnegara, and Banyumas Regencies need to continue exploring and managing the potential of existing resources to encourage an increase in GRDP in the five regencies. In addition, the governments in those regions must make education more easily accessible, enhance their educational initiatives, and consistently assess how successfully they are reaching their intended audiences in order to reduce poverty.

This study provides empirical perspectives on the catalysts of economic welfare in Africa, drawing inference from macroeconomic and non-macroeconomic factors. Leveraging a sample of a balanced panel dataset of 35 countries across Africa, this study provides novel applications of the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag methodology to economic welfare analysis in Africa. Issues of cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity were accounted for whilst establishing causal relationships between economic welfare proxied by the Human Development Index and macroeconomic and non-macroeconomic drivers of welfare. Based on cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag estimation results, a 1% increase in economic growth was shown to account for a 0.233 percent and 0.253 percent increase in economic welfare in the long run and short run respectively. In addition, technology accounted for a 1.81 percent increase in economic welfare in the long run. The outcome of the Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test demonstrated causality between trade openness, government effectiveness, economic growth, and economic welfare.

To explore individuals' personal narratives of perceived betrayals and injustices committed by institutions, their representatives, or other authority figures and discern in what spheres of life they commonly manifest. 157 adults from largely rural, low-income communities in southern Appalachia participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews that asked them to describe key points in their life experiences, including high points, low points, and turning points. These were reviewed for episodes of institutional betrayals. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded thematic analysis. Participants mentioned numerous instances of betrayals that occurred from interactions with institutions or their representatives. These were grouped into four categories: professional betrayals involving mistreatment from an employer, health care provider, or other authority figure; professional-organizational betrayals where a professional perpetrator was able to get support from a problematic organizational culture; corporate malfeasance involving misdeeds by business entities; and systemic injustices involving the sociopolitical architecture of society. The findings identified a range of institutional betrayal experiences that were unnecessary, unwanted, intentional, and harmful. They could be distinguished by the type of perpetrators and often led to notable harms, including unwanted system involvement and unemployment. Although participants seldom explicitly mentioned the rural setting in their descriptions of institutional betrayal, it is likely that limited options for health care providers, schools, and other institutions exacerbated some harms. Institutional betrayals need to be considered in people's trauma dosage, their cumulative lifetime burden of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer behavior in disposing of products has substantial consequences for the environment that affect all of us. Waste management is a major challenge faced by many developing countries, underlining the relevance of this literature review. Even when academia tries to shed light on this field, it often fails to consider that waste management must be approached differently in less developed countries, which differ dramatically from advanced countries, especially with regard to consumers’ behavioral characteristics. Further, limited effort has been made to systematize the existing literature by highlighting areas of interest in the scholarly discussion. This literature review contributes to the field by illuminating focal points in scholarly research on the background of solid waste management and the disposal behavior of people living at the base of the pyramid. It explores how scholarly research results can guide scholars and practitioners who are contributing to a positive shift in waste management practices. Its novelty arises from annotating scholarly theories and managerial approaches that promise to advance the understanding of sustainable waste management in developing countries. Additionally, the utilization of VOSviewer’s network visualization involving cluster building and keyword occurrences, contributes to the methodological originality of the study. Selective keyword research in the Web of Science database identified 124 pertinent articles for review. This underscores the importance of this literature review, especially in light of the significant increase in publications in this research domain, with approximately 70% (87 of 124 articles) published since 2019. The results show that knowledge, participation, and the active involvement of the local communities are key components in achieving sustainable waste management. Shaping individuals’ attitudes and awareness is vital for promoting pro-environmental behaviors in developing countries. The results also show a prominent focus on recycling behavior and an extensive use of the theory of planned behavior.

The Sustainable Development Goals are in line with Indonesia's vision and mission. One of the 17 SDGs, is zero poverty. Poverty gets the most attention because all the SDGs are some kind of effort to achieve the goal of "no poverty". With the help of this research, it is helpful that the realization of the success factors of the sustainable development goals without poverty can be known as the critical success factors. Data on the unemployment rate, Human Development Index, inflation, and poverty are collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The official website was used to collect data covering six provinces in Java Island for ten years. Panel data regression analysis is the analysis method used in this study. In every province in Java, one of the most influential factors in reducing poverty is the Human Development Index or the quality of each individual.

This study aims to examine the relationship between poverty variables to economic growth, the relationship between natural disaster variables to economic growth, moderation of philanthropic variables on the relationship between poverty and economic growth, and moderation of philanthropic variables on the relationship between natural disasters and economic growth. The object of research is the member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The type of research is quantitative research. Data collection methods with secondary data collection. The population in this study were 57 OIC member countries. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample of 7 OIC member countries. The data used is panel data processed using Eviews 10. The model chosen is the random effect model. The results showed that poverty has a negative but insignificant effect on economic growth. In addition, the natural disaster variable has a positive but insignificant effect on economic growth. The moderating variable of philanthropy proved to be able to moderate the effect of poverty and natural disasters on economic growth.