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With one of the greatest turmoil in the world of work that has wreaked havoc on companies small and large, the global pandemic COVID‐19 is penning a new normative. Amidst such disruptions, employees are found to be floundering with tears, boredom, annoyance, and helplessness. With unparalleled challenges and uncertain prognosis, employees are unable to rebuild their power and thrive in alternative circumstances. This calls for an active effort on the part of organizations to embrace openness and discuss vividly what needs to be preserved, created, eliminated, or accepted. Deeper ties and inclusive approach of firms can amp up an employee's self‐worth. The current study reflected the essence of connectedness and oneness at times of crisis. Organizations can play a pivotal role in helping employees rise above the feeling of despair. Connecting with heart can sweep off the feeling of instability, bringing in a stream of positive emotions and experiences. The study draws a cross‐sectional data (n = 418) from employees working in various manufacturing and service companies of India to test the hypothesized framework. We have carried out SEM analysis through AMOS to understand the combined measurement model with mediation effects. The analytical results demonstrate that positive mindset fully and partially mediates between the drivers of heart work and resilience. The study reveals that the contributing factors of heart work significantly influences positive mindset of employees, which in turn has a positive association with resilience at work. One of the triggers of heart work—“Face the fear, fix fast” is found to be a strong and consistent predictor of positive mindset. Again, “Generate energy moments” another element of heart work stands to be a sharp predictor of resilience at work. The study also discusses varied implications that can enrich managerial effectuality in this crisis condition.

This preregistration is a part of a series of studies examining the influence of terminology used to describe emotions on the perceptions of the emotions and people expressing them. The study follows a 3 x 2 between-subjects experimental design, in which we manipulate the emotion attributed to a political figure (envy or anger), and the terminology used to describe the emotion ("negative", "unpleasant", or no terminology).

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high levels of knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice on evidence-based medicine (EBM) and identify the associated factors for practice score on EBM among emergency medicine doctors in Kelantan, Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was conducted in government hospitals in Kelantan. The data were collected from 200 emergency physicians and medical officers in the emergency department using the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire. Simple and general linear regressions analyses using SPSS were performed. A total of 183 responded, making a response rate of 91.5%. Of them, 49.7% had a high level of knowledge, 39.9% had a positive attitude and 2.1% had good practice. Sex, race, the average number of patients seen per day, internet access in workplace, having online quick reference application, and attitude towards EBM were significantly associated with EBM practice scores. It is recommended that appropriate authorities provide emergency doctors with broader access to evidence resources. EBM skill training should be enhanced in the current medical school curriculums.

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China [1], a large number of confirmed cases met the discharge criteria (one of which is two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests with an interval of at least 24 h) [2]. Previous studies have paid more attention to the epidemic situation of COVID-19 and patient diagnosis and treatment. Close attention also should be paid to the discharged patients. Surprisingly, a previous follow-up reported that some patients’ nucleic acid retest results were positive again after discharge [3]. Factors impacting these follow-up test results should be further investigated. Since the first confirmed case was diagnosed in our hospital (Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, the designated transfer hospital) on February 4th, we confirmed a total of 17 cases. All patients infected with the novel coronavirus were transferred to a designated hospital in Southwest China’s Chongqing by ambulance with an inbuilt negative-pressure chamber [4]. In the follow-up examination of these patients, RT-PCR tests were conducted again 3 days after discharged from the designated hospital. Four patients showed recurrence of positive results after a few days of discharge. Thus, we examined these cases herein, aiming to provide information for policy formulation and modification of discharge plans.

Wesleyan Journal of Research,UGC Care-listed | ISSN: 0975-1386 | Peer-reviewed Journal Vol. 13 No. 69 (March 2021) Research Article: Management Study of the Negative & the Positive Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Different Types of Industry, Businesses & the Society Shubham Parsoyaand Dr. Asif Perwej School of Management Studies (SOMS), Sangam University (SU), Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India Abstract: In the background of unforeseen occurrence scenario of COVID-19 nationwide pandemic, this paper has created an endeavour to study the impact of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on differing kinds of companies and industries in numerous ways. Once the emergence of Corona pandemic in India introduced, the matter of public health condition has become core issue of the people in India and it's been on the forefront in conjunction with alternative and related serious issues of migrant labour, loss of employment, economic and industrial instability etc., and on the other side with the massive population size and its ever growing rate over the last 3 decades, the general public health scenario has been deteriorated significantly, and the occurrence of COVID-19 since 2019 has changed the entire world’s functioning accordingly. Internationally the Pandemic of COVID-19 has affected all sections of the economy and nobody will specifically predict when the pandemic is going to be over and everything are going to be like our past days. With the beginning of the unfold of COVID-19, business and various other industries, such as; region trade, transport industry, food industry, agriculture industry, housing industry, education industry, cinema industry, energy industry, producing industry, music industry, mining trade, were straightaway clean up, and the outside travelling and domestic travel activities were also withheld for the unknown length on such moment. The impact of Covid-19 on all such industries was very big. Globally all business and industry are witnessing serious threat with the spreading of COVID-19. All the countries have the first preference of the protection of the people, interference of unfold and health care of the infected folks. However, there are some types of industries that are becoming some extreme number of advantages from such COVID-19 pandemic conditions in some direct or indirect ways. Such industries are; Education (EdTech) industries, E-retail industries, Banking, financial services and insurance industries (BFSI). Medical sector, Information technology and knowledge Technology Enabled Services, Etc. Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, Industries, Businesses, Impact, Problems, World, Economy Conference Details:- International Conference on Analytical & Interdisciplinary Research – 2021 (ICAIR-2021) 05th - 06th February, 2021 https://www.sangamuniversity.ac.in/inner-pages/ICAIR-2021.php Description about the author: - Mr. Shubham Parsoya, Ex-Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies Ph.D. Doctoral Researcher (Business & Management) Master of Business Administration (MBA) in (Human Resources Management and Marketing Management) from Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) Lean Six Sigma Champion Certified Professional (LSSCCP), School of Business Leadership Colorado, United States Six Sigma Yellow Belt Certified Professional (SSYBCP), Project Management Institute Accounting Fundamentals Certified Professional (AFCP), Corporate Finance Institute, Vancouver, Canada, United States

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of high-risk (HR) HPV-positive and -negative women affected by high-grade cervical dysplasia. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-institutional study. Medical records of consecutive patients with high-grade cervical dysplasia undergoing conization between 2010 and 2014 were retrieved. All patients included had at least 5 years of follow-up. A propensity-score matching was adopted in order to reduce the presence of confounding factors between groups. Kaplan-Meir and Cox hazard models were used to estimate 5-year outcomes. Results: Overall, data of 2966 women, affected by high-grade cervical dysplasia were reviewed. The study population included 1478 (85%) and 260 (15%) women affected by HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-negative high-grade cervical dysplasia. The prevalence of CIN2 and CIN3 among the HR-HPV-positive and -negative cohort was similar (p = 0.315). Patients with HR-HPV-positive high-grade cervical dysplasia were at higher risk of 5-year recurrence (after primary conization) that HR-HPV-negative patients (p < 0.001, log-rank test). Via multivariate analysis, HR-HPV-negative women were at low risk of recurrence (HR: 1.69 (95%CI: 1.05, 4.80); p = 0.018, Cox Hazard model). A propensity-score matched comparison was carried out in order to reduce biases that are related to the retrospective study design. In comparison to HR-HPV-negative patients, thosewith HR-HPV-positive CIN3 was associate with a 8-fold increase in the risk of recurrence (p < 0.001, log-rank test). Conclusions: HR-HPV-negative high-grade cervical dysplasia is not uncommon, accounting for 15% of our study population. Those patients experience more favorable outcomes than patients with documented HR-HPV infection(s). Further prospective studies are needed to corroborate our data.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in unprecedented clinical challenges across the globe. Outcomes of patients with this infection are likely dependent on underlying comorbidities that predict worse outcome in older patients. However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 infected cancer patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) have any different outcome than non-infected patients. We present the first series from our center of COVID-19 infected patients who received RT for malignancy, their outcome, and toxicities.

Background: The selection of women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (EBC) at high risk of relapse after five years (yrs.) of adjuvant aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is crucial, as the benefit of extending AIs is counterbalanced by toxicity. We developed a clinicopathological tool to estimate the residual risk of relapse after five years of adjuvant AIs. Methods: The Institut de Canc&eacute, rologie de l&rsquo, Ouest (ICO) database was used to determine a prognostic score of post-five-year AI relapse. Cox regression models estimated our score&rsquo, s prognostic performance. Results: In total, 1105 women were included. Median follow-up was 44 months (IQR = 21&ndash, 70) post-AI treatment. From the Cox models, we designed a dichotomous prognostic score including the number of macrometastases, age (&gt, 70 yrs. vs. &le, 70 yrs.), tumor size (&ge, T2 vs. not), and mitotic activity (&ge, 2 vs. not). Overall, 77.5% of patients were classified as being at low risk and 22.5% at high risk of late recurrence. Low-risk patients had a five- to ten-year local or distant recurrence risk of 7.6% (95% CI, 5.4% to 10.6%) as compared with 26.9% (95% CI, 19.9% to 35.7%) for the high-risk roup. Conclusion: In this study, we developed a simple tool to identify women at high risk of relapse despite completing five years of AIs.

IntroductionStigmatized people attributed to infectious diseases may experience • rejections from partners, family, friends, dismissal from work, and declined quality of health services received • causing alienation, depression, or anxiety Social stigma against persons affected by COVID-19 may have been negatively impacted their emotion, mental, and physical well-being. ObjectiveTo explore the experience of social stigma among COVID-19 positive patients and their family members. Methodology Study Design Exploratory Qualitative Study using In-Depth Telephone Interview Duration Apr to Jun 2020 Study population Malaysian adults, 18-65 years old. Patient: tested positive for COVID-19 recovered, and discharged home for at least one month Family member: tested negative for COVID-19, have been residing with the patients for at least once a week to provide care and support on a regular basis Sampling Purposive Sampling, cold call method (12 patients, 6 family members) Analysis Thematic analysis DiscussionStigma experience of COVID-19 inflicted group were similar experience to those affected by other infectious disease e.g. HIV/TB. Stigma in health facilities. Stigma against person suspected with and recovered from COVID-19 by the health workers in health facilities. Overcome stigma in health facilities. Teach health workers about stigma, its manifestations and effect on patients’ health.Engage health workers to be in contact with the stigmatized group. Empowered the stigmatized group to improve coping mechanism. Contributing factors of stigma in general public: Lack of understanding & knowledge.Misconceptions & misinformation on this disease. Interventions: require collaboration of stakeholders from different fields including the government, health workers, the public and key opinion leaders. MOHM has informed the public about ‘do and don’ts’ when interacting with COVID-19 patients & their family members. To provide accurate information on disease prevention, treatment options, accessibility of health care to be disseminated to the public in plain language. Authorities, media and recovered persons to share sympathetic narratives that humanize the experiences and struggles of the infected patients or family members. ConclusionThe recovered patients and their family have been isolated, labelled, and stereotyped for contacted COVID19. Non-disclosure was mainly due to fear and lack of public understanding of the COVID-19 disease. Social stigma mitigation requires the collaboration of stakeholders from different fields include sharing of experience from the recovered patients.

In a special issue that focuses on complex presentations related to Autism, we ask the question in this editorial whether an Autism Spectrum Condition without complexity is a disorder, or whether it represents human diversity? Much research into Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) over the years has focused on comparisons between neuro-typical people and people with Autism Spectrum Conditions. These comparisons have tended to draw attention to ‘deficits’ in cognitive abilities and descriptions of behaviours that are characterised as unwanted. Not surprisingly, this is reflected in the classification systems from the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association. Public opinion about ASC may be influenced by presentations in the media of those with ASC who also have intellectual disability. Given that diagnostic systems are intended to help us better understand conditions in order to seek improved outcomes, we propose a more constructive approach to descriptions that uses more positive language, and balances descriptions of deficits with research finding of strengths and differences. We propose that this will be more helpful to individuals on the Autism Spectrum, both in terms of individual self-view, but also in terms of how society views Autism Spectrum Conditions more positively. Commentary has also been made on guidance that has been adjusted for people with ASC in relation to the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Leptomeningeal dissemination due to HER2-overexpressing breast cancer is a rare and hard to treat complication with short-term dismal prognosis. Patient concerns: A 34-year-old female previously treated because of HER2+ breast cancer is admitted to the Neurology Department in December 2016 due to sensory-motor neurological semiology. Diagnosis: A wide set of diagnostic tests is performed and finally cytologic findings after repeated CSF confirm leptomeningeal infiltration by breast carcinoma (panCK+, GATA3+). Interventions: Weekly intrathecal triple therapy with methotrexate, cytarabine and hydrocortisone plus trastuzumab is carried out during 4 months. Outcomes: Clinical and pathological response that lasts more than 24 months. Conclusion: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is an oncological situation where conventional therapies have limited activity. In HER2+ advanced breast cancer patients, intrathecal therapy with anti-HER2 therapy (trastuzumab) is feasible and may reach long-term disease control, especially in cases of low-tumor burden.

An increasing number of investors want to invest their capital not only with profit but also responsibly, and they pay significant attention to the formula of socially responsible investing (SRI), which means that they consciously engage their funds in companies operating in accordance with CSR principles. An important influence on the development of CSR is the role of stock exchange indices on socially responsible companies. These indices can be considered specific tools for adapting this concept in practice, in particular in the field of socially responsible investment. This article provides a comparative analysis of the social, environmental and governance criteria underlying the definition of the composition of selected European SRI indices. The research will cover the following indices: the DJSI Europe Index, the FTSE4Good Europe 40, the FTSE4Good Europe 50, the EURO STOXX Sustainability 40 and the Solactive Sustainability Index Europe. This paper also intends to set an index reflecting the degree to which companies of certain European countries are represented in major European SRI indices. Consequently, global and national initiatives and ratings were excluded, as well as sector‑and industry‑specific initiatives and ratings. The proposed index is standardized by introducing the GDP of each country into the calculation formula as a way to a achieve comparable result. We believe that the proposed metric will reflect the state of the art in SRI and provide an overall picture of SRI practices across nations. Coraz większa grupa inwestorów chce zainwestować swój kapitał nie tylko z zyskiem, ale również odpowiedzialnie, zwracając szczególną uwagę na formułę społecznie odpowiedzialnego inwestowania (SRI). Oznacza to, że inwestorzy coraz chętniej świadomie angażują swoje fundusze w firmy działające zgodnie z zasadami społecznej odpowiedzialności. Istotnym czynnikiem wpływającym na rozwój SRI są giełdowe indeksy spółek społecznie odpowiedzialnych. Można je bowiem uznać za specyficzne narzędzia adaptacji tej koncepcji w praktyce. Celem artykułu jest analiza porównawcza kryteriów środowiskowych, społecznych i zarządczych (ESG), które stanowią podstawę definicji wybranych europejskich indeksów SRI. Analizą objęto następujące indeksy: DJSI Europe Index, FTSE4Good Europe 40, FTSE4Good Europe 50, EURO STOXX Sustainability 40 i Solactive Sustainability Index Europe. Artykuł ma również na celu ustalenie wskaźnika (indeksu) odzwierciedlającego stopień, w jakim firmy z poszczególnych krajów europejskich są reprezentowane w głównych europejskich indeksach SRI. Oczywiście analizowane indeksy różnią się nieznacznie co do interpretacji kryteriów ESG, jednak wydaje się, że mimo słabości takiego podejścia, połączone w jednym indeksie mogą odzwierciedlać ogólny obraz praktyk CSR w poszczególnych krajach. W związku z tym, że badaniom podlegały tylko europejskie indeksy SRI, z analiz wyłączono globalne i krajowe inicjatywy, a także te specyficzne dla sektorów czy branż.

Our future is polarized and unpredictable and means progress as this regards the evolution of technology that may bring about the union between man and machine as far as the present technological environment is enlarging. But, until then we have to face imperfections that are synonymous with the problems that affect humanity: aggression against some states, conflicts that need to be settled, discrepancy between the rich and the poor, the positive and negative influences of the internet, CO2 emissions in developed countries, redirecting towards markets with lower risk potential, even the battle with death. And, unfortunately we have the alienation of the modern man in a breakable world. We know that the future can become what we wish it to be as far as we have a purpose and positive outlooks and take the correct decisions.

Aim: to study the life quality dynamics of patients with schizophrenia under the influence of art-therapy in the system of therapy and rehabilitation.Materials and methods: At the research there was realized the complex clinical-psychopathological examination of 125patients of both sexes, 20–45years old (mean age 35,0±2,0 years) with the set diagnosis schizophrenia in the period of stabilization. The main group (participated in art-therapy) included 95 persons (54 women and 41 men). The control group consisted of 30 patients (16 women and 14 men), who received the standard regulated treatment at hospital.Results of research. At the research there was used the system of art-therapy in the complex therapy of patients with schizophrenia and its effectiveness was proved. On the background of the complex therapy including art-therapy, there was observed the fast reduction of the psychopathological symptomatology, normalization of the emotional condition, stabilization of patients’ behavior, improvement of cognitive indices, increase of patients’ psychophysical activity.It was established, that on the background of using art-therapy in the complex treatment of patients with schizophrenia, the life quality index increased by all scales in the main group by 42,4 %, compared with the control– 26,9 %.Conclusions. Under the influence of art-therapy in the complex treatment of schizophrenia there was observed the fast reduction of psychopathological symptomatology, increase of the duration and quality of remission.There was established the high effectiveness of art-therapy compared with the traditional complex treatment as to improving the life quality of patients with schizophrenia.Art-therapy, based on elaborated principles for patients with schizophrenia is characterized by the higher effectiveness, compared with traditionally used methods, У ході дослідження запропонована система арт-терапії в комплексному лікування та реабілітації хворих на шизофренію та доведено її ефективність. Під впливом арт-терапії у комплексному лікуванні шизофренії відмічається швидка редукція психопатологічної симптоматики, підвищення тривалості та якості ремісії.Встановлена висока результативність арт-терапії в порівнянні з традиційним комплексним лікуванням щодо підвищення якості життя у хворих на шизофренію

The ongoing 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis has led governments to impose measures including mask wearing, physical distancing, and increased hygiene and disinfection, combined with home confinement and economic shutdown. Such measures have heavy negative consequences both on public health and the economy. However, these same measures have positive outcomes as “side effects” that are worth mentioning since they contribute to the improvement of some aspects of the population health. For instance, mask wearing helps to reduce allergies as well as the transmission of other airborne disease-causing pathogens. Physical distancing and social contact limitation help limit the spread of communicable diseases, and economic shutdown can reduce pollution and the health problems related to it. Decision makers could get inspired by these positive “side effects” to tackle and prevent diseases like allergies, infectious diseases and noncommunicable diseases, and improve health care and pathology management. Indeed, the effectiveness of such measures in tackling certain health problems encourages inspiration from COVID-19 measures towards managing selected health problems. However, with the massive damage COVID-19-related measures have caused to countries’ economies and people’s lives, the question of how to balance the advantages and disadvantages of these measures in order to further optimize them needs to be debated among health care professionals and decision makers.

Silvoarable agroforestry integrates the use of trees and arable crops on the same area of land, and such systems can be supported by national governments under the European Union’s (EU) Rural Development Regulations (2014–2020). In order to improve the understanding of farmers’ perceptions of such systems, detailed face-to-face interviews were completed with 15 farmers in Bedfordshire, England. Most of these farmers thought that silvoarable systems would not be profitable on their farms and that benefits would tend to be environmental or social rather than economic. Most farmers also thought that management and use of machinery would become more difficult. They felt that the tree component could potentially disrupt field operations and drainage and expressed concerns over the uncertain and long-term nature of timber revenue and the effect of intercrop yield reductions on crop revenue. Even so, 20% of the farmers stated they would use silvoarable systems if convinced that they were more profitable than conventional arable farming. A further 20% said they would farm the intercrop area belonging to someone else, if the rent was reduced to compensate for crop yield reductions. These results suggest that for most arable farmers, an economic advantage over current practice needs to exist before silvoarable systems are likely to be adopted. However, a minority might rent the crop component of a silvoarable system from another party or implement a full system for perceived environmental or social benefits.

Repeated positivity and reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a significant concern. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of repeatedly positive testing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery. We performed a systematic literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. With available individual patient data reporting on repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 positive (RSP) patients, case reports, and case series were included in this analysis. We performed a descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics of repeatedly positive cases. We assessed the cases according to the length of their polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative interval between the two episodes. Risk factors for the severity of second episodes were evaluated. Overall, we included 123 patients with repeated positivity from 56 publications, with a mean repeated positivity length of 47.8 ± 29.9 days. Younger patients were predominant in the delayed (>90 days) recurrent positive group. Furthermore, comparing patients with RSP intervals of below 60 and above 60 days, we found that a more severe disease course can be expected if the repeated positivity interval is shorter. Severe and critical disease courses might predict future repeatedly positive severe and critical COVID-19 episodes. In conclusion, our results show that the second episode of SARS-CoV-2 positivity is more severe if it happens within 60 days after the first positive PCR. On the other hand, the second episode’s severity correlates with the first.

Background In spite of the availability and accessibility of HIV testing opportunities and efforts, people are being late to test in the course of HIV infection. Late diagnosis leads to late anti-retroviral therapy initiation which in turn results in poor treatment outcome and prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of late HIV diagnosis among HIV-infected patients in South Tigray Zone, Ethiopia. Methods A facility based cross sectional study was conducted among HIV positive patients from February 1-30, 2014 in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected by reviewing patient medical card and interviewing using structured questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were modeled to evaluate the association of predictors with late diagnosis of HIV infection. Results Out of 789 study participants, 68.8 % of them were late for HIV diagnosis. Feeling healthy (65.7 %), fear of stigma and discrimination (32.4 %) and using traditional treatment (1.5 %) were reported as the main reasons for late HIV diagnosis. Use of Khat [AOR = 3.27, 95 % CI (1.75, 6.13)], bed ridden functional status [AOR = 2.66, 95 % CI (1.60, 4.42)], ambulatory functional status [AOR = 1.56, 95 % CI (1.03, 2.35)] and Muslim religion [AOR = 2.26, 95 % CI (1.13, 4.49)] were significantly associated with late presentation for HIV diagnosis. Conclusions High prevalence of late HIV diagnosis was recorded in Southern Tigray Zone, Ethiopia. Public health educations and campaigns targeted at improving early diagnosis and prognosis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia should be underway.

BACKGROUND: General anaesthesia decreases pulmonary compliance and increases pulmonary shunt due to the development of atelectasis. The presence of capnoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery may further decrease functional residual capacity, promoting an increased amount of atelectasis compared with laparotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in both types of surgery and to investigate whether higher levels of PEEP should be used during laparoscopic surgery.METHODS: This prospective observational study included 52 patients undergoing either laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery. Three levels of PEEP were applied in random order: (1) zero (ZEEP), (2) 5 cmH2O and (3) 10 cmH2O. Pulmonary shunt and ventilation/perfusion mismatch were assessed by the automatic lung parameter estimator system.RESULTS: Pulmonary shunt was similar in both groups. However, in laparotomy, a PEEP of 5 cmH2O significantly decreased shunt when compared with ZEEP (12 vs 6%; P=0.001), with additional PEEP having no further effect. In laparoscopic surgery, a significant reduction in shunt (13 vs 6%; P=0.001) was obtained only at a PEEP of 10 cmH2O. Although laparoscopic surgery was associated with a lower pulmonary compliance, increasing levels of PEEP were able to ameliorate it in both groups.CONCLUSION: Both surgeries have similar negative effects on pulmonary shunt, while the presence of capnoperitoneum reduced only the pulmonary compliance. It appears that a more aggressive PEEP level is required to reduce shunt and to maximize compliance in case of laparoscopic surgery.

In renal transplant, the allograft is affected by many triggering agents such as innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, either mediated by macrophages and lymphocytes, or by soluble components antibodies and the complement system, which can ultimately lead to graft rejection. Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a predominant cause of allograft failure. Donor-specific antibodies, mostly reactive to human leukocyte antigen antigens, are now considered by pathologists and clinicians as a significant cause of early and late graft dysfunction and failure. Complement 4d (C4d) is a fragment of the classical complement pathway (that is a part of component C4), which is activated by antigen-antibody complexes. The diagnosis of AMR improves by detection of the complement fragment C4d in renal biopsy, and it has included for diagnosis of AMR in the year 2003. There is more development about C4d after inclusion in the diagnostic criteria of AMR. This review aims to evaluate pathogenesis and current relevance of C4d in AMR.

Positive youth development (PYD) research seeks to understand and promote positive aspects of development in young people. In this the special section, focused upon youth from diverse racial-ethnic backgrounds around the globe, we describe the origins and development of the field, identify key and emerging themes, and present the challenges for work in the area in the years ahead. Central to these are elements that are inherent in many of the articles that constitute the section: These include a need to articulate more clearly the role of social and cultural context in positive development, a need to refine the measures and methods used for collecting data, the significance of social identities, and engagement with other fields of study and with policymakers.

Nowadays integrated marketing communications request permanent search for and inclusion of the new communication tools. However, beside that, marketing experts continuously look for the new message contents in order to achieve more effective and more successful communication with their consumers. Appeals represent essentially important component of the marketing message, which serves as the basis of all other elements of the successful communication. The paper reviews different criteria for the grouping of the appeals and analysis the main categories of the most used ones. Moreover, it discusses the circumstances in which it is appropriate and meaningful to use each of them, which can be considered as the useful guideline for all the practionnieres who work in the area of marketing communications.

Organizacijos, siekdamos prisitaikyti prie nuolat kintančios aplinkos ir išlaikyti konkurencinį pranašumą, kuria inovacijas. Inovacijų kūrimo potencialui didelę įtaką daro organizacinė kultūra. Vis daugiau mokslininkų pastebi, kad siekiant kurti ir vystyti inovacijas įmonėse reikia tikslingai formuoti inovacinę kultūrą, kuri ryškinama akcentuojant esmines jos dedamąsias: pozityvią emocinę aplinką, žinių vadybą, kūrybiškumą ir pokyčių valdymą. Tačiau vien minėtų praktikų diegimas nėra pakankama sąlyga, užtikrinanti inovacijų generavimą. Inovacinei kultūrai sukurti ir palaikyti labai svarbus lyderio vaidmuo, kuris formuodamas pasitikėjimu ir atvirumu grįstą organizacinę kultūrą skatina inovacijų kūrimo procesus. Straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti inovacinės kultūros bei lyderystės konstruktus, nustatyti jų tarpusavio sąsajas ir inovacinės kultūros įtaką inovacinei veiklai Lietuvos įmonėse. Constant competition in nowadays hyperdynamic environment is one of the key conditions that encourage the organizations to look for the best ways to increase their performance. New, creative and productive ideas, permanent development of the employees’ competences provide the basis for the successful development and competitive advantage of the organization. Innovation potential is highly influenced by the organizational culture. Scientists agree that in order to create and develop innovations, it is important to form innovation culture with its elements: positive emotional environment, knowledge management, creativity and change management. For the continuous development of innovation culture it is important to have a leader who could promote innovation processes by forming the environment based on trust and openness. The aim of the article is to define the innovation culture construct and analyze its relationship with the leadership. To achieve this goal, empirical study was carried out by using survey method and the following things were measured: the level of innovation culture and leadership existence; the links among innovation culture elements; the link between innovation culture and leadership; the link between innovation culture and innovation performance in Lithuanian companies. The research revealed that innovation culture elements are connected to each other. Additionally, the research confirmed the relationship between innovation culture and transformational leadership and revealed that innovation culture has a positive and strong influence on innovation performance.

We present results on various post processing techniques to create complex 3-dimensional nanostructures with enhanced capabilities. The starting point for all architectures is a self aligned nanopillar with surrounding circular rim in PMMA. This particular shape is obtained by the energy density distribution of incident and backscattered electrons of e-beam exposure and reflects the dual behavior of PMMA as positive and negative resist. Employing only 1 lithographic step and several batch processing techniques, we ensure that the creation of the complex shapes can be obtained in a reproducible manner without subsequent realignment steps. We propose several applications for these structures, covering a wide variety of research areas. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sport has been identified as a context in which youth encounter positive and negative experiences. However, relatively little is known about the factors that lead to positive and negative personal development among sport participants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of enjoyment and motivational climate on positive and negative personal development of team sport participants. A sample of 510 athletes between the ages of 9 and 19 completed questionnaires on positive and negative personal development, enjoyment, and motivational climate. Stepwise multiple regression analyses examined the effects of enjoyment and motivational climate on the personal development of the athletes. Results demonstrated that positive experiences in sport were most strongly predicted by affiliation with peers, self-referenced competency, effort expenditure, and a task climate. Negative experiences were most strongly predicted by an ego climate and other-referenced competency. Results suggest that creating an environment that encourages peer affiliation and personal achievement can result in the positive personal development of youth sport participants.

A closed kinematic chain, like an arm that operates a crank, has a constrained movement space. A meaningful movement of the chain's endpoint is only possible along the free movement directions which are given implicitly by the contour of the object that confines the movement of the chain. Many technical solutions for such a movement task, in particular those used in robotics, use central controllers and force-torque sensors in the arm's wrist or a leg's ankle to construct a coordinate system (task frame formalism) at the local point of contact the axes of which coincide with the free and constrained movement directions. Motivated by examples from biology, we introduce a new control system that solves a constrained movement task. The control system is inspired by the control architecture that is found in stick insects like Carausius morosus. It consists of decentral joint controllers that work on elastic joints (compliant manipulator). The decentral controllers are based on local positive velocity feedback (LPVF). It has been shown earlier that LPVF enables contour following of a limb in a compliant motion task without a central controller. In this paper we extend LPVF in such a way that it is even able to follow a contour if a considerable counter force drags the limb away along the contour in a direction opposite to the desired. The controller extension is based on the measurement of the local mechanical power generated in the elastic joint and is called power-controlled relaxation LPVF. The new control approach has the following advantages. First, it still uses local joint controllers without knowledge of the kinematics. Second, it does not need a force or torque measurement at the end of the limb. In this paper we test power-controlled relaxation LPVF on a crank turning task in which a weight has to be winched up by a two-joint compliant manipulator.

In this paper I quantify a gain that a country receives when its global influence is considered to be admirable by others. I use a standard gravity model of bilateral exports, a panel of data from 2006 through 2013, and an annual survey conducted for the BBC by GlobeScan which asks people in up to 46 countries about whether each of up to 17 countries were perceived to have “a mainly positive or negative influence in the world.” Holding other things constant, a country’s exports are higher if it is perceived by the importer to be exerting more positive global influence. This effect is statistically and economically significant; a one percent net increase in perceived positive influence raises exports by around .8 percent. Succinctly, countries receive a commercial return on their soft power.

This article argues that Higher Education Institutions should adopt positive action in recruitment and promotion to tackle women's under-representation in senior leadership roles. In a tie-break situation where two candidates are "as qualified as each other", section 159 of the UK Equality Act 2010 allows employers to give preference to a candidate from an under-represented group. The use of this measure, however, is often contested on the grounds that it is a form of reverse discrimination, it is tokenistic and that it can undermine meritocracy. This article seeks to challenge these objections and suggests that, far from undermining meritocracy, the use of positive action in recruitment and promotion could prove a useful tool to tackle gender bias, unpack stereotypes and re-appraise how merit is defined and assessed.

Evidence suggests that positive perceptions toward diversity enhance the potential group and organizational benefits resulting from diversity. Given the make-up of today’s organizations, encountering diversity has become the norm rather than the exception. As such, it is becoming increasingly important to address diversity issues, and take steps to increase positive perceptions of diversity within the business classroom in order to carry that advantage into the work-place. Religious conservative students present a unique challenge to diversity education in that they likely hold value laden attitudes that lack alignment with diversity principles. This study prescribes a scaffolding approach to increase positive perceptions of diversity within a classroom comprised predominantly of religious conservative students.

The analyses presented in this paper are based on the first step of the research project concerning the links between Positive Organizational Potential (POP), Organizational Commitment (OC) and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). The survey was conducted in two samples and covered French and Polish firms. The results support a model adopted in the analysis and thus the importance of influence of POP, organizational culture and climate on employees’ behaviours and Organizational Development. The results also point out cultural differences between the French and Polish firms: one dimension of OC, the willingness to continue membership in the organization and the general compliance dimension of OCB are lower in the French sample. The present paper also presents the next, planned step of the research.

Background The concept of ‘positive thinking’ emerged in cancer care in the 1990s. The usefulness of this approach in cancer care is under increasing scrutiny with existing research, definitions and approaches debated. Nurses may wish to judiciously examine the debate in context and consider its relevance in relation to their experience and clinical practice. Purpose To offer a constructivist perspective on ‘being positive’ we extract data from a constructivist grounded theory study on humour in healthcare interactions in order to identify implications for practice and future research. Methods We present three areas for consideration. First, we review the emergence of this concept in the broader context of health care generally and cancer care specifically. Second, we present data from a grounded theory study on humour in healthcare interactions to highlight the prevalence of this aspect of cancer care and its contested domains. We conclude with implications for practice and research. Findings Patients actively seek meaningful and therapeutic interactions with healthcare staff and ‘being positive’ may be part of that process. Being positive has multiple meanings at different time-points for different people at different stages of their cancer journey. Patients may become ensnared by positivity through its uncritical acceptance and enactment. Conclusion Positive thinking does not exist in isolation but as part of a complex, dynamic, multi-faceted patient persona enacted to varying degrees in situated healthcare interactions. Nurses need to be aware of the potential multiplicity of meanings in interactions and be able (and willing) to respond appropriately.

The paper analyzes the global economic factors of security cooperation in the Baltic Sea region that have an effect on the present and future development of national markets in separate states of this region within the development of the common market of the European Union (EU). It is noted that the EU principal market factors of today: the free movement of people, goods and capital destabilizes the development of a separate state market in the Baltic Sea region, and the tasks of a national state in the future will become still more complicated. The work provides the research results of the factors of a specific geopolitical environment in the Baltic Sea region; the ways and methods are foreseen for solving the future political, economic and social problems in this region under the conditions of globalization. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010