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Purpose: Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness for which there remain limited treatment options. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to review the published incidence, etiology, clinical features and management of patients who developed infectious interface keratitis (IIK) following lamellar keratoplasty. Design This study is a systematic literature review. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published Chinese and English report through a PubMed search with the medical subject headings using the following terms: corneal transplantation, keratoplasty, anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK), Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), infectious interface keratitis (IIK), fungal keratitis, and bacterial keratitis. Data collected included patient demographics, surgical technique, clinical signs, treatment, outcomes, and donor rim cultures. A review of the relevant literatures was also undertaken. Results From 2007 to Feb. 2018, we identified 62 cases of IIK following lamellar corneal surgery. The mean age was 26.95 ± 8.80 years with a male/female ratio of 11:8 in DALK/ALK group and 69.65 ± 8.00 years with a male/female ratio of 17:16 in DSAEK/DSEK/DMEK group (no gender information for 10 cases). Of the 62 cases, 46 cases (75.41%) were fungal, 9 cases (14.75%) were bacterial, 2 cases (3.28%) were Actinomyces species, 1 case (1.64%) was acanthamoeba, and 4 cases (6.56%) were indeterminant. The mean onset of symptoms was postoperative day (POD) 49.47 ± 48.56 in DALK/ALK group, and 53 ± 112.01 in EK group, and 62.44 ± 50.07 for the bacterial keratitis, and 51.5 ± 102.42 for fungal keratitis. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 10.10 ± 9.36 months in DALK/ALK group and 12.37 ± 12.28 months in DSAEK/DSEK/DMEK group. Of the total 62 cases, 1 case (1.61%) with a Klebsiella pneumoniae positive donor rim cultures was associated with the same pathogen in the IIK, and 16 cases (25.81%) of fungal positive donor rim cultures were associated with the same pathogen in the IIK. Clinical signs included conjunctival injection, interface opacity, stromal edema for bacterial keratitis, and dense white infiltrates at the interface with endothelial plaques in some cases of fungal keratitis. Medical treatment included topical and oral antimicrobial agents. Surgical interventions included therapeutic keratoplasty. In 15 cases (24.19%), medical management was successful. Of the remaining 47 cases, 8 (12.90%) were managed with a repeat lamellar keratoplasty (LK) and 39 (62.90%) were unresponsive to conservative medical treatment and underwent a therapeutic keratoplasty (TKP). Post infectious best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logMAR 0 in 7 eyes (11.29%), better than or equal to logMAR 0.4 in 20 eyes (32.26%), less than logMAR 0.4 in 22 eyes (35.48%) and logMAR 0.7 or worse in 13 eyes (20.97%). In the rim culture negative group(n = 19), the average BCVA was logMAR 0.59 ± 0.68, with was logMAR 0.44 ± 0.74 in rim culture positive group (n = 15). There were three recurrence cases were reported after DMEK during the postoperative follow-up period. Conclusions Infectious interface keratitis (IIK) is an uncommon complication of lamellar keratoplasty, but it can result in a substantial loss of vision or permanent blindness. Although graft infection can occur at any time following surgery, it most commonly (87%) occurred during the first 3 months postoperatively (54/62 cases). The most commonly reported causative organism of IIK following lamellar keratoplasty was C. albicans. Positive rim culture results can provide more rapid and appropriate treatment directed to the identified organism. Therapeutic keratoplasty (TKP) was the most common surgical procedure for the management of IIK. Visual outcomes post TKP are fair with 32.26% (20/62) of patients obtaining LogMAR 0.4 or better.

Context.—The combination of grading and staging is the basis of current standard of care for prediction for most cancers. D. F. Gleason created the current prostate cancer (PCa) grading system. This system has been modified several times. Molecular data have been added. Currently, all grading systems are cancer-cell based.Objective.—To review the literature available on host response measures as reactive stroma grading and stromogenic carcinoma, and their predictive ability for PCa biochemical recurrence and PCa-specific death.Data Sources.—Our own experience has shown that reactive stroma grading and the subsequently binarized system (stromogenic carcinoma) can independently predict biochemical recurrence and/or PCa-specific death, particularly in patients with a Gleason score of 6 or 7. Stromogenic carcinoma has been validated by 4 other independent groups in at least 3 continents.Conclusions.—Broders grading and Dukes staging have been combined to form the most powerful prognostic tools in standard of care. The time has come for us to incorporate measures of host response (stromogenic carcinoma) into the arsenal of elements we use to predict cancer survival, without abandoning what we know works. These data also suggest that our current definition of PCa might need some revision.

Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a very common disorder that can result in severe disability and vision loss. Although the pathogenesis of DED is not fully understood, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and tear film instability are recognized as hallmarks of DED. Recently, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs), a class of medication used to treat HIV, have been shown to inhibit inflammation in a mouse model of retinal atrophy. In this study, we investigated whether Zidovudine (AZT) can inhibit human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) inflammatory responses under hyperosmotic conditions. HCECs were cultured in hyperosmotic media containing AZT. Cell viability, cytokine production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. We found that AZT decreased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, increased Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) production, decreased ROS production, and increased cell viability. These results support the novel use of AZT in the reduction of ocular surface inflammation and the promotion of corneal health in the context of DED.

The quality of construction projects is related to the safety of people's lives and property, and also has a greater impact on the stability of the entire society; factory structure is one of the most common productive buildings, and some factory buildings have been partially lost its using function due to a long service history; in order to ensure the safety, applicability and durability of these factory buildings and continue to utilize or strengthen these factory structures, it is necessary to perform safety testing and identification for factory buildings at the first time. Structural safety assessment is the process of inspecting, measuring, analyzing and evaluating the structural effects, structural resistance and their interrelationships and finally obtaining structural safety grade of buildings that have been built or in service for many years. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this article expounded the research background, current status and future challenges of building safety grade identification, elaborated material testing methods, specifications, frameworks and processes of security grade identification for factory structure buildings, analyzed the concrete strength and steel corrosion detection, structural seismic identification and bearing capacity calculation of factory building, and proposed corresponding reinforcement measures and discussed its reinforcement effect. The final identification results of an engineering case are in good agreement with its actual construction conditions and on-site inspections and basically satisfactory the results of the factory building structure. The study results of this paper provide a reference for the further researches on the safety grade identification and reinforcement effect of the factory structure building.

Sulforaphane, a precursor of glucosinolate in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower, has been shown to protect brain ischemic injury. In this study, we examined the effect of systemic administration of sulforaphane on retinal ischemic reperfusion injury. Intraocular pressure was elevated in two groups of C57BL/6 mice (n = 8 per group) for 45 min to induce retinal ischemic reperfusion injury. Following retinal ischemic reperfusion injury, vehicle (1% DMSO saline) or sulforaphane (25 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally daily for 5 days. Scotopic electroretinography (ERG) was used to quantify retinal function prior to and one-week after retinal ischemic insult. Retinal morphology was examined one week after ischemic insult. Following ischemic reperfusion injury, ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes were significantly reduced in the control mice. Sulforaphane treatment significantly attenuated ischemic-induced loss of retinal function as compared to vehicle treated mice. In vehicle treated mice, ischemic reperfusion injury produced marked thinning of the inner retinal layers, but the thinning of the inner retinal layers appeared significantly less with sulforaphane treatment. Thus, sulforaphane may be beneficial in the treatment of retinal disorders with ischemic reperfusion injury.

Inducing tumour-specific adaptive immunity, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, can result in promising antitumour effect against several human malignancies, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade strategies. However, little is known whether activation of innate immunity can lead to direct tumoricidal effect. Here, we develop a papilloma pseudovirus-based oral immunotherapeutic approach that shows strong tumoricidal effects in the gut, resulting in an almost tripled lifespan of ApcMin/+ mice (an animal model of human intestinal tumorigenesis). Mechanistically, these pseudoviruses activate the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, leading to caspase-1-mediated tumour regression that is dependent on neither cytotoxic T lymphocytes nor humoral immune response. Blocking caspase-1 activation abrogated the therapeutic effects of the pseudoviruses. Thus, targeting innate immune sensors in tumours by the pseudoviruses might represent a strategy to treat intestinal tumours., Innate immunity sensors are expressed by both tumour cells and tumour-associated myeloid cells. Here, the authors show that stimulation of the innate immunity response with pseudoviruses in a genetic mouse model of intestinal cancer triggers tumour regression via Caspase-1 activation.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 22- to 25-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that function as negative regulators of gene expression. In previous years, increasing evidence has arisen implicating the involvement of miRNAs in carcinogenesis. In previous studies, the role of miRNA-101 (miR-101) in tumors has been identified as a tumor suppressor and, until now, the role of miR-101 and Rac1 in thyroid cancer has remained undefined. This study revealed that miR-101 is significantly downregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissue and thyroid cancer cell lines, and that the downregulated miR-101 is associated with lymph node metastasis. Infection with the miR-101 murine stem cell virus may markedly inhibit cell migration and invasion in TPC-1 and HTH83 thyroid cancer cell lines. Rac1 was demonstrated to be negatively regulated by miR-101 at the post-transcriptional level, via a specific target site within the 3′ untranslated region by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expression of Rac1 was also observed to inversely correlate with miR-101 expression in PTC tissues; knockdown of Rac1 by shRNA inhibited thyroid cancer cell migration and invasion, resembling that of miR-101 overexpression. Thus, these findings suggested that miR-101 acts as a novel suppressor by targeting the Rac1 gene and inhibiting thyroid cancer cell migration and invasion.

The extraction method of induction motor’s fault character based on coordinate transformation could restrain the influence of fundamental component leakage by translating fundamental component into DC component. The amplitude of the fault character frequency component was inaccurate by spectrum analysis taking no account of the leakage of itself. So rotor fault diagnosis method of induction motor based on discrete spectrum correction technology is proposed. This method which did not depend on spectral function of the window function improved the traditional phase difference correction method, and the stator current signal analysis by means of an appropriate window function is performed to reduce the interference between each frequency. The proposed method could detect the existence of fault character frequency component and its frequency and amplitude. The simulation and experimental results indicated that using this method could get better precision of frequency and amplitude of the fault character frequency component.

According to the characteristic of the shipboard power system, heuristic search for fast tracking shipboard power system network topology is introduced. Using for reference of the methods of fault diagnosis of the power systems, the Petri net technology is used to fault location and removal of uncertain and fault signals, which can modify the topology analysis results. Setting the topology analysis and remodel based on Petri net of the typical shipboard power system for example, the results is validated.

We frist establish the evaluation index system according to the characteristics of the simulation training system through analysis, and second , we calculate the index weight use improved gray analytic hierarchy process which simplify the steps of the original analytic hierarchy process. Third we use the Delphi method to establish the membership degree of every evaluation index, and finally we use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to get the evaluation results of the simulation training system, the results show that the evaluation model is consistency to the expert assessment , meet the actual needs, is an effective method of power system simulation training assessment.

Loading management is one of the most important technologies for ship power system. Reasonable distribution of electric energy to the loading can achieve the goal of optimal energy schedule and its primary issue is to make a reasonable loading priority evaluation. This paper analyzed the shortcomings of the loading priority evaluation using the AHP and proposed a kind of algorithm of property weight evaluation based on PRISM classification, effectively combing expertise and characteristics of the objective data itself together. The results show that: the loading priority of ship power system is mainly affected by two properties of demand urgency and vulnerability. The results of various algorithms are basically consistent with the above conclusion, which proved the correctness of the algorithm. Comparison among various evaluation results tables shows that for the same weight measurement standard using different classification algorithm or property reduction algorithms, the results of its loading priority evaluation slightly differ.

Container vessels navigate among the world’s ports, frequently passing through narrow and congested waters. Due to the many layers of containers on a container vessel’s decks, it is difficult for the crew to be aware of all fishing vessels and other obstacles in a container vessel’s radar observation blind zone. This greatly increases the risk of collisions and other accidents. Given such great challenges to safe navigation and safety management with container vessels, their security risks are severe. An effective visual monitoring system can improve the safety of the water area surrounding container vessel by eliminating a vessel’s observation blind zone, providing an effective safety measure for vessels navigating fishing zones and other troublesome areas. The system has other functions, such as accident recording, ship security, and monitoring of loading and unloading operations, thus ensuring the ship operates safely. Six months’ trial operation showed that the system facilitates safe navigation of container vessels.

Oral administration of red ginseng extracts (1% in diet for 40 weeks) resulted in the significant suppression of spontaneous liver tumor formation in C3H/He male mice. Average number of tumors per mouse in control group was 1.06, while that in red ginseng extracts-treated group was 0.33 (p

Omental cells (OCs) are shown to help wound healing. The purpose of this study is to investigate if OCs improve cornea repair after alkali injury by subconjunctival injection of activated OCs in rats. Forty eight hours after limbal corneal alkali injury, fresh isolated OCs were injected subconjunctivally into the recipient rat's eye. Prior to the injury and at 0, 4 and 8 days after injury, the eyes were examined using slit lamp biomicroscopy. Corneal opacification and corneal neovascularization were graded in a masked fashion. The inflammatory response to the injury was evaluated by counting neutrophil cell numbers in the cornea under microscope. There was no significant difference in corneal opacification between the control and OCs treatment groups; however, the corneal neovascularization was significantly less in the eyes treated with OCs as compared to the controls. Also OCs treatment markedly decreased neutrophil infiltration after corneal-limbal alkali injury. Our results suggest that OCs may have a beneficial role in corneal healing after limbal corneal alkali injury by suppressing inflammatory cell infiltrates and corneal neovascularization.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether systemically administered resveratrol can protect against acute retinal ischemic reperfusion injury. Two groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6 per group) were used for this study. Resveratrol (30 mg/kg) or an equal volume of vehicle (30% Solutol HS 15 in 0.9% saline) was administered daily for 5 days via intraperitoneal injection. On the third day of treatment, retinal ischemic injury was induced by elevation of intraocular pressure for 45 min. Prior to resveratrol administration and one-week following ischemic insult, retinal function was measured by scotopic electroretinography (ERG). Retinas were harvested and morphologically analyzed one week after ischemic insult. ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes were significantly reduced following ischemic reperfusion injury. Resveratrol treatment attenuated ischemic-induced loss of retinal function. In control vehicle-treated rats, ischemic reperfusion injury elicited marked thinning of inner retinal layers. Resveratrol prophylactic treatment reduced ischemia-mediated thinning of the whole retina and in particular the inner retinal layers. Therefore, resveratrol may have therapeutic value for the management of retinal ischemic disorders.

With the development of power system, On-Board Training System gains more and more attention. The following question is how to evaluate training reasonably and justly, test the training results objectively, as well as locate and make up the deficiencies, to instruct training better. Aiming at the performance evaluation of On-Board power plant simulating training, this paper structures an evaluation index system, proposes an algorithm using the method of combination weight of improved gray analytic hierarchy process and entropy method to define index, and gives an optimization model. By multi-grade fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, evaluate the training results. The example proves that, for On-Board power plant simulating training, this method is practicable, effective and reasonable.

Based on cultural algorithm and classical particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, a cultural particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm is proposed. In the improved algorithm, double evolutionary mechanisms are used. The population space and the belief space of cultural algorithm are redesigned. The proposed model was used to solve the partner selection problem of virtual enterprise. In a virtual enterprise, the whole task can be accomplished by the cooperation among those candidate partners. The optimal objective is to minimize the total cost and completing time. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is evaluated by simulations. Results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

The application of multi-agent technology to partner selection problem of virtual enterprise in Internet is studied. The partner selection model is constructed based on multi-agent technology. In this construction, each management function, resource and sub-task is defined as an agent. The communication, cooperation and negotiation among agents are analyzed. Immune particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed and applied to the optimization of partner selection and task scheduling agent. The general requirements of partner selection model of virtual enterprise based on multi-agent structure are satisfied.

In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is analyzed, which is a new kind of swarm intelligent optimal algorithm. The studies on PSO algorithm concentrate on the combination of artificial neural network and simulated annealing algorithm. A cooperative evolutionary algorithm (SAPSO) based on PSO and simulated annealing algorithm is proposed. The SAPSO algorithm is employed to train artificial neural network and applied to soft-sensing of melt-index of High Pressure Low-Density Polyethylene yield. The simulation results show that these models have higher measuring precision as well as better generalization ability.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether systemically administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can protect against acute ischemic reperfusion injury. Two groups of anesthetized adult male Lewis rats (n = 8 per group) were subjected to an acute (45 min) episode of retinal ischemic injury followed by subcutaneous administration of vehicle (5% dextrose) or G-CSF (0.1 mg/kg/day) once per day x 5 days. Prior to and one week following ischemic insult, retinal function was measured by scotopic electroretinography (ERG). Retinas were harvested and morphologically analyzed one week after ischemic insult. ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes were significantly reduced following ischemic reperfusion injury. G-CSF treatment attenuated ischemic-induced loss of retinal function. In control vehicle-treated rats, ischemic reperfusion injury elicited marked and selective thinning of inner retinal layers while only minimally affecting outer retinal layers. Therapeutically administered G-CSF minimized ischemic-mediated thinning of whole retina and inner retinal layers. G-CSF may be of therapeutic interest for the management of retinal ischemic disorders.

Chlorhexidine was evaluated as a potential topical therapy for experimental bacterial keratitis.Chlorhexidine (0.01%) was compared to ciprofloxacin (0.3%) and tobramycin (1.36%)/cefazolin (5%) both in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established for each organism for each antibiotic, using a standardized method. One thousand (1000) colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa was intrastromally injected into rabbit cornea. A total of 92 corneas were infected and then treated topically with antibiotics. The control eyes were treated with artificial tears. The rabbits were later sacrificed, and the corneal buttons were harvested.The MIC for chlorhexidine wasor=40 microg/mL for both organisms. In the rabbit model of S. aureus keratitis, following the treatments, the median number of CFU of recoverable bacteria for chlorhexidine (n = 10), ciprofloxacin (n = 12), tobramycin/cefazolin (n = 12), and controls (n = 10) was 1.1 x 10(3), 4.7 x 10(4), 1.9 x 10(5), and 6.7 x 10(4), respectively. For S. aureus, the only treatment that showed a statistically significant reduction in CFU was chlorhexidine. In the P. aeruginosa keratitis group, CFU were significantly reduced with all treatments, compared to the control.Chlorhexidine short-term treatment was an effective topical therapy for bacterial keratitis in the rabbit model, when compared with ciprofloxacin and tobramycin/cefazolin, in particular for S. aureus.

AIM: To study the action of remedies for enhancing resistance and relieving blood stasis on metastasis in postoperative gastric cancer and its influence on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). METHODS: Sixty-three postoperative patients with gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty-one patients were treated with western medicine consisting of the FAP (5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, cisplatin) and CODP regimens (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, daunorubicin, prednisone), whereas 32 patients were treated with the FAP regimen and traditional Chinese medicine. Correlations were made between the ODC levels detected before and after treatment and other factors such as tumor diameter, infiltration depth, histological type, and lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: The ODC levels in the gastric cancer tissue and adjacent normal gastric mucosal tissue were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. There was an obvious correlation between increased ODC and tumor size, infiltration depth, degree of differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Six months later, there were no significant changes in the ODC levels of the group using only Western medicine, while the ODC levels decreased markedly in the group using combined Western and traditional Chinese medicine (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The effects of traditional Chinese medicine remedies on metastases in postoperative gastric cancer are related to the reduction of ODC activity.