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A study was carried out to identify differences in training of resident physicians in the specialties: Management and Economics of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and under the specialist’s program Pharmacy and to explore the possibilities of granting pharmacy workers the right to transit from one specialty to another without compulsory completion of residency. The urgency of this article is associated with a large number of issues that are being faced by pharmacists who transit from one specialty to another.An analysis of the age and occupational structure of pharmacists improving their qualifications (2300 people) was conducted in the Irkutsk region and the Trans-Baikal Territory. The results of the study showed that it seems like a good idea not to associate the transition from one specialty to another with the obligatory completion of residency, but to provide an admission to work as a pharmacist-technologist after initial accreditation, taking into account the specifics of the work of pharmaceutical specialists in pharmacies, the need to ensure the interchangeability of workers and reduce staff turnover without falling off in quality of work.

Background: Conventional medicines, along with herbal formulations of Chinese, serve as the primary source and hub of active new drugs where the initial research concentrates on the extraction and isolation of bioactive lead compound(s) to treat several diseases largely for cancer. Plant-derived natural products and their analogs reveal a significant source of several clinically useful anticancer agents. Herbs and herbal derived active compounds play an unavoidable role in the treatment, drug discovery and delivery for decades, as evidenced by numerous existing marked drugs and various cancer-related molecular targets in clinical development. Objective: Solubility, resistance and metabolic limitations of the drug can be overcome by suitable molecular modifications. Due to enhancements in tumor targeting technology, some agents who failed in earlier clinical studies are also stimulating renewed interest. In this connection, In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation (IVIVC) plays an important role in the development of dosage forms in the field of pharmaceutical technology. Conclusion: IVIVC tool fastens and improves the drug development process and product quality, which is also utilized in internal control for scale-up to improve formulations and alternative production processes. Most importantly, this IVIVC tool lessens the number of human studies during new pharmaceuticals developments. In this review, we would like to grab the attention of readers to the importance and significance of IVIVC for natural products of anticancer drugs examples such as Docetaxel, Etoposide phosphate, 6-Gingerol, Capsaicin, etc.

Introduction. Liver diseases with all the variety of clinical manifestations have common pathogenetic links at the cellular level. The group of hepatoprotective agents is represented by drugs that exhibit versatile mechanisms for protecting liver cells from the effects of damaging factors, the main of which are membrane-stabilizing, antioxidant, regenerative, detoxifying, choleretic and anti-inflammatory effects. The high therapeutic and hepatoprotective effectiveness of modern drugs is largely due to their metabolic effects, as well as their ability to bind free radicals and reactive oxygen species in the cell.Text. The purpose of this work is to form an analytical review of the literature on the assortment and concepts of improving the dosage forms of hepatoprotective agents. According to the analysis and systematization of modern publications devoted to the use of hepatoprotectors in the treatment of liver diseases, it is shown that it is necessary to develop new formulations and combinations of biologically active substances with the manifestation of versatile mechanisms of hepatoprotection, as well as to improve the composition and manufacturing technologies of existing traditional therapies. One of the current trends is the use of new substances in the development of traditional and innovative dosage forms. The search for biologically active molecules with antioxidant, antiradical and membrane-stabilizing activity that can be considered as effective hepatoprotectors continues. An integral task of pharmaceutical development is the creation of bioavailable drugs that have a prolonged effect and minimal side effects. A promising direction in pharmaceutical technology is the development of innovative drugs for the directed transport of biologically active molecules to the affected organ.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of modern data, priority directions for the development and improvement of existing formulations based on modern approaches to the production of innovative dosage forms are identified. The relevance of improving the dosage forms of hepatoprotectors presented on the pharmaceutical market is shown. Of particular interest is the development of innovative targeted delivery systems with effective and safe hepatoprotectors in various combinations, including those based on cinnamic acid derivatives.

Introduction Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid from Cannabis sativa, has several therapeutic properties. However, its high lipophilicity, metabolization, and instability impair its bioavailability and translational use in clinical settings. Several advanced drug delivery systems (ADDSs) have been evaluated as CBD carriers to overcome these drawbacks. These systems can improve the CBD dissolution profile, protect it against metabolization, and produce a site-specific release, increasing its bioavailability and making CBD administration clinically effective. Areas covered This review summarizes scientific reports on cannabidiol advanced delivery systems (CBD-ADSs) that have been (i) developed, and (ii) applied therapeutically; reports published in the main scientific databases until January 2020 were included. Studies without experimental data and/or published in languages other than English were excluded. Moreover, pharmaceutical technology tools in CBD therapeutic use have been discussed, emphasizing the clinical translation of CBD carrier use. Expert opinion Studies reporting CBD-ADS use for medicinal applications were reviewed and revealed multifaceted systems that can overcome the physicochemical drawbacks of CBD and improve its biological activities. Therefore, researchers concluded that the developed CBD-ADS can be used as an alternative to traditional formulations because they show comparable or superior effectiveness in treatment protocols. Although several criteria remain to be met, our findings emphasize the potential of CBD-ADSs for translational therapeutics, particularly for neurological-disorders.

Cancer is one amongst the key causes of mortality worldwide and advanced techniques for medical aid are desperately required. Hence, the most aim of this review is to supply info regarding the engineering in cancer medical aid. The development of novel nano materials and nanocarriers has allowed a serious drive to boost drug delivery in cancer. The major aim of most nanocarrier application has been to safeguard the drug from speedy degradation when general delivery and permitting it to achieve tumour at therapeutic concentration and avoiding drug delivery to traditional site the maximum amount as attainable to scale back ADRs. Nanotechnology is additionally employed in several incurable diseases like HIV, protozoal infection and Alzheimer apart from cancer. Hence, during this review we tend to target many nanotechnologies and improved ways in nanocarrier style for the cancer in addition as many incurable unwellness therapies. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Cancer, Nanotechnology

Vertigo is a sense of spinning dizziness. There is no ideal medicine for treatment of vertigo and dizziness. The duration of dizziness/vertigo: attacks may last for seconds or minutes (as in vestibular paroxysm) or hours (as in Meniere’s disease or vestibular migraine). Diagnosis and treatment of vertigo remains a challenge for many physicians. Many drugs produce dizziness and vertigo side effects such as some antibiotics , diuretics, mucolytics and NSAIDs . Symptoms of Vertigo are usually managed with vestibular suppressants. Steroids are useful in selected patients. Neurosurgical treatment is chosen in lesions such as hematomas, tumors, vascular lesions, pathology of the cervical spine (cervicalspondylopathy) Keywords: Peripheral and Central Vertigo, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Meiners disease

Infants and other children can be affected by various acute, chronic and many of them rare illnesses. Developing drugs for children is very challenging since they cannot intake tablets or hard oral solid dosage forms. Besides, most of the prescribed pediatric medications are unlicensed. The biggest issue that clinicians have to solve is that dosing in children is not based on weight or surface area of the body, as it happened in adults but is related to age variations in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Thus, for pediatric patients, various therapeutic approaches have been proposed so as to develop suitable formulations such as liquid dosage forms, flexible capsules, milk-based products, etc. In addition, the administration of current pharmaceutical products to children might lead to some serious side effects which can also happen in adults but with a lower risk. Especially, infants are at high risk of getting poisoned by taking drugs used for adults. Moreover, children are very sensitive to the taste and smell of some pharmaceutical vehicles and can resist to intake them and this situation leads parents to search for tasteless and odorless medications. In this study, the current formulations for various diseases intended to be used in pediatric patients as well as various chronic and acute diseases of childhood are summarized. Authors believe that this review can help professionals who want to work with pediatric formulations to design more efficient and child-friendly drug delivery systems.Çocuklar ve bebekler, çoğunun nadir olduğu çeşitli akut ve kronik hastalıklardan etkilenebilirler. Çocuklar için ilaç geliştirmek, tabletleri veya sert oral katı dozaj formlarını alamadıkları için çok zordur. Bunun dışında çocuklar için reçete edilen ilaçların çoğu ruhsatsızdır. Klinisyenlerin çözmesi gereken en büyük sorun, çocuklarda dozlamanın yetişkinlerde olduğu gibi ağırlık veya yüzey alanına bağlı olmaması, ilaç emilimi, dağılımı, metabolizması ve eliminasyonundaki yaş varyasyonları ile ilgili olmasıdır. Bu nedenle, pediyatrik hastalar için sıvı dozajlar, esnek kapsüller, süt bazlı olan ürünler gibi uygun formülasyonlar geliştirmek için çeşitli terapötik yaklaşımlar önerilmiştir. Ayrıca, mevcut tıbbi ürünlerin çocuklara uygulanması, yetişkinlerde ortaya çıkabilecek ancak daha yüksek risk taşıyan bazı yan etkilere neden olabilir. Özellikle bebeklerin yetişkinler için kullanılan ilaçları alarak zehirlenme riski yüksektir. Dahası, çocuklar bazı ilaç araçlarının tadına ve kokusuna karşı çok hassastırlar ve bu durum ebeveynleri tatsız ve kokusuz ilaçlar aramaya yöneltmektedir. Bu çalışmada, çocuk hastalarda kullanılması amaçlanan çeşitli kronik ve akut çocukluk hastalıkları için güncel formülasyonlar özetlenmiştir. Yazarlar, bu incelemenin, pediyatrik formülasyonlarla çalışmak isteyen profesyonellerin daha verimli ve çocuğa uygun ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerin tasarlamalarına yardımcı olabileceğine inanıyor.

Definition: AI the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. Artificial intelligence use in pharmaceutical technology has increased over the years, and the use of technology can save time and money while providing a better understanding of the relationships between different formulations and processes parameters. • History of AI • Devices worked on AI • AI in science • AI in pharmacy • Applications of AI • Application of AI in Pharmacy • Future scope of AI Conclusion: AI is at the center of a new enterprise to build computational models of intelligence.

Introduction Increasing technology is a strategic goal within pharmacy to facilitate medicines’ dispensing. Barcode scanning technology (BST) is considered low cost and reliable with potential safety benefits. A barrier to BST implementation within hospital pharmacy includes staff resistance; however, few studies explore BST within community pharmacy. To address this, pharmacy staff's use, perceptions and acceptance of BST within Scottish community pharmacies were examined. Methods Community pharmacies within Scotland using BST to scan medicines were identified using Twitter, eNewsletters and snowball sampling; 57 pharmacies were identified. Between May-Aug 2019, managers/owners participated in semi-structured interviews to explore BST use, and staff operating BST completed an online questionnaire to examine perceptions and acceptance. Interview data underwent content analysis and questionnaire data presented as medians (IQR). Results BST was used for various purposes, most commonly for dispensed item verification (n = 43 pharmacies) and to identify falsified medicines (n = 10 pharmacies). Twenty pharmacy managers/owners were interviewed which revealed multiple scanners and BST functionalities. Thirty-five participants from 16 pharmacies participated in the questionnaire. Staff considered BST as easy to use. There were positive perceptions and acceptance of BST for dispensed item verification, and negative perceptions and less acceptance of BST for identifying falsified medicines. Discussion BST implementation was identified in a minority of Scotland's 1,254 community pharmacies, and greater effort may be needed to increase technology utilisation. The variation of BST use may affect safety due to increased complexity. BST's purpose may underpin staff perceptions and acceptance. Future studies should explore barriers and observe BST use in practice. Public interest summary Barcode scanning technology (BST) may help pharmacy staff to dispense medicines safely. Hospital pharmacy staff have reported disliking using BST to scan medicines; however, no similar research has been carried out within community pharmacy. This study examined Scottish community pharmacies’ use of BST to scan medicines, and the pharmacy staff's views. Fifty-seven pharmacies were identified. BST was most commonly used to verify that the correct medicine was selected during dispensing (n = 43 pharmacies) and to identify ‘falsified medicines’ which were not safe to dispense (n = 10 pharmacies). Staff considered BST as easy to use, but were more positive and accepting of BST for verifying the correct medicine than for identifying falsified medicines. This suggests BST's purpose may underpin pharmacy staff perceptions and acceptance. A small number of pharmacies in Scotland used BST for this purpose, therefore more efforts may be needed to promote technology use.

On 16th – 18th September in Medical University of Gdańsk took place 13th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology (CESPT). It was the first time when conference from this cycle took place in Poland. It was organized in so called hybrid form – which joins the conventional “in person” admittance with on-line transmission of presented content. The conference gathered participants from 18 countries. The content presented included 12 plenary lectures, as well as 9 short oral talks and a continuous poster session organized in the form of an internet forum. The conference proceedings book is available at the website www.cespt2021.org. On 16th – 18th September in Medical University of Gdańsk took place 13th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology (CESPT). It was the first time when conference from this cycle took place in Poland. It was organized in so called hybrid form – which joins the conventional “in person” admittance with on-line transmission of presented content. The conference gathered participants from 18 countries. The content presented included 12 plenary lectures, as well as 9 short oral talks and a continuous poster session organized in the form of an internet forum. The conference proceedings book is available at the website www.cespt2021.org. On 16th – 18th September in Medical University of Gdańsk took place 13th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology (CESPT). It was the first time when conference from this cycle took place in Poland. It was organized in so called hybrid form – which joins the conventional “in person” admittance with on-line transmission of presented content. The conference gathered participants from 18 countries. The content presented included 12 plenary lectures, as well as 9 short oral talks and a continuous poster session organized in the form of an internet forum. The conference proceedings book is available at the website www.cespt2021.org. On 16th – 18th September in Medical University of Gdańsk took place 13th Central European Symposium on Pharmaceutical Technology (CESPT). It was the first time when conference from this cycle took place in Poland. It was organized in so called hybrid form – which joins the conventional “in person” admittance with on-line transmission of presented content. The conference gathered participants from 18 countries. The content presented included 12 plenary lectures, as well as 9 short oral talks and a continuous poster session organized in the form of an internet forum. The conference proceedings book is available at the website www.cespt2021.org.

Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is orofacial pain restricted to one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve Attacks of intense, electric shock-like facial pain can occur without warning or be triggered by touching specific areas of the face by movements, brushing, laughing or following emotional stimuli. The exact cause of trigeminal neuralgia is not fully elucidated, a blood vessel is often found compressing the nerve. TN dramatically reduces the quality of life of affected individuals not only due to pain attacks but also to other disease-associated comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. The Therapy used is often conservative with variable results. Keywords: Pain, Anxiety, Carbamazepine, Stem cells, Microvascular decompression.

Candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the Candida genus that affects mainly mucocutaneous tissues (e.g., vaginal, oral, and mammary). This condition has been known for a long time; thus, innumerous topical and systemic treatments are already available on the market worldwide. Yet, recurrent superficial candidiasis (RSC) is an expected outcome, still lacking effective and convenient treatments. Although several individual conditions may contribute to disease recurrence, biofilms' presence seems to be the main etiological factor contributing to antifungal resistance. More than proposing novel antifungal agents, current research seems to be focusing on improving the pharmaceutical technology aspects of formulations to address such a challenge. These include extending and improving intimate contact of drug delivery systems with the mucocutaneous tissues, increasing drug loading dose, and enhancing topical drug permeation. This review discusses the current understanding of the RSC and the use of pharmaceutical technology tools in obtaining better results. Even though several drawbacks of conventional formulations have been circumvented with the help of nano- or microencapsulation techniques and with the use of mucoadhesive formulation excipients, many challenges remain. In particular, the need to mask the unpalatable taste of formulations for the treatment of oral candidiasis, and the necessity of formulations with a "dryer" sensorial feeling and improved performances in providing higher bioavailability for the treatment of mammary and vaginal candidiasis.