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164 results on '"Penn State System"'

1. Highly conductive and transparent coatings from flow-aligned silver nanowires with large electrical and optical anisotropy

Author: Ye Xu, J. M. Kikkawa, Shu Yang, Coline Bretz, Annemarie L. Exarhos, Dave Kurz, Gabriel A Calderon-Ortiz, Ahmed Alsayed, Dengteng Ge, Remi Dreyfus, Arjun G. Yodh, Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), RHODIA-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Scattering, Microfluidics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Flexible electronics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, business, Anisotropy, Electrical conductor, Sheet resistance
Abstract: International audience; Conductive and transparent coatings consisting of silver nanowires (AgNWs) are promising candidates for emerging flexible electronics applications. Coatings of aligned AgNWs offer unusual electronic and optical anisotropies, with potential for use in micro-circuits, antennas, and polarization sensors. Here we explore a microfluidics setup and flow-induced alignment mechanisms to create centimeter-scale highly conductive coatings of aligned AgNWs with order parameters reaching 0.84, leading to large electrical and optical anisotropies. By varying flow rates, we establish the relationship between the shear rate and the alignment and investigate possible alignment mechanisms. The angle-dependent sheet resistance of the aligned AgNW networks exhibits an electronic transport anisotropy of ∼10× while maintaining low resistivity (
Published: 2020

2. Urban-focused satellite CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3: A first look at the Los Angeles megacity

Author: Coleen M. Roehl, Sha Feng, Laura T. Iraci, Tomohiro Oda, Thomas Lauvaux, Matthäus Kiel, John C. Lin, Ruixue Lei, Dustin D. Roten, J.-F. Blavier, Annmarie Eldering, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Salt Lake City], University of Utah, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch [Moffett Field], NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), ANR-17-MPGA-0008,CIUDAD,Quantification of urban greenhouse gas emissions(2017), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Observatory, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Fossil fuel, Mode (statistics), Geology, 020801 environmental engineering, Megacity, Volcano, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Satellite, Spatial maps, business, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) was designed to support the quantification and monitoring of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Its Snapshot Area Map (SAM) and target mode measurements provide an innovative dataset for carbon studies on sub-city scales. Unlike any other current space-based instrument, OCO-3 has the ability to scan large contiguous areas of emission hot spots like cities, power plants, and volcanoes. These measurements result in dense, fine-scale spatial maps of column averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (X CO 2). For the first time, we present and analyze X CO 2 distributions over the Los Angeles megacity (LA) derived from OCO-3 SAM and target mode observations. Urban X CO 2 enhancements range from 0 − 6 ppm (median enhancements ≃ 2 ppm) relative to a clean background and show excellent agreement with nearby ground-based TCCON measurements of X CO 2. OCO-3's dense observations reveal intra-urban variations of X CO 2 over the city that have never been observed from space before. The spatial variations are mainly driven by the complex fossil fuel emission patterns and meteorological conditions in the LA Basin and are in good agreement with those from co-located TROPOMI measurements of co-emitted NO 2. Differences between measured and simulated X CO 2 enhancements from two models (WRF-Chem and X-STILT) are typically below 1 ppm with larger differences for some sub regions. Both models capture the observed intra-urban X CO 2 gradients. Further, OCO-3's multi-swath measurements capture about three times as much of the city emissions compared to single-swath overpasses. OCO-3's frequent target and SAM mode observations will pave the way to constrain urban emissions at finer, sub-city scales.
Published: 2021

3. Intercomparison of atmospheric trace gas dispersion models: Barnett Shale case study

Author: Anna Karion, Ariel F. Stein, K. L. Mueller, James R. Whetstone, Z. Barkley, Colm Sweeney, Wayne M. Angevine, Aijun Deng, Israel Lopez Coto, Thomas Lauvaux, Sharon Gourdji, Arlyn E. Andrews, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Methane, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Natural gas, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Atmospheric methane, lcsh:QC1-999, Trace gas, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, business, Dispersion (chemistry), Oil shale, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation requires understanding the dominant processes controlling fluxes of these trace gases at increasingly finer spatial and temporal scales. Trace gas fluxes can be estimated using a variety of approaches that translate observed atmospheric species mole fractions into fluxes or emission rates, often identifying the spatial and temporal characteristics of the emission sources as well. Meteorological models are commonly combined with tracer dispersion models to estimate fluxes using an inverse approach that optimizes emissions to best fit the trace gas mole fraction observations. One way to evaluate the accuracy of atmospheric flux estimation methods is to compare results from independent methods, including approaches in which different meteorological and tracer dispersion models are used. In this work, we use a rich data set of atmospheric methane observations collected during an intensive airborne campaign to compare different methane emissions estimates from the Barnett Shale oil and natural gas production basin in Texas, USA. We estimate emissions based on a variety of different meteorological and dispersion models. Previous estimates of methane emissions from this region relied on a simple model (a mass balance analysis) as well as on ground-based measurements and statistical data analysis (an inventory). We find that in addition to meteorological model choice, the choice of tracer dispersion model also has a significant impact on the predicted downwind methane concentrations given the same emissions field. The dispersion models tested often underpredicted the observed methane enhancements with significant variability (up to a factor of 3) between different models and between different days. We examine possible causes for this result and find that the models differ in their simulation of vertical dispersion, indicating that additional work is needed to evaluate and improve vertical mixing in the tracer dispersion models commonly used in regional trace gas flux inversions.
Published: 2019

4. Fossil fuel CO$_2$ emissions over metropolitan areas from space: A multi-model analysis of OCO-2 data over Lahore, Pakistan

Author: Grégoire Broquet, Dien Wu, Sha Feng, Thomas Lauvaux, Ruixue Lei, J. C. Lin, Christopher W. O'Dell, Alexandre Danjou, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), 05783-01, 80HQTR21T0070, 80NSSC19k0093, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA: 80NSSC18K1313, Battelle: DE-AC06-76RLO 1830, Ames Research Center, ARC, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, California Institute of Technology, CIT, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, CNES: 8 0NSSC19K0196, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, R. Lei and S. Feng have been funded jointly by the NASA grants # 80NSSC18K1313 (subcontracted from the Universities Space Research Association #05783-01 to Penn State) and # 80NSSC19k0093 . S. Feng is also supported by NASA grant # 80HQTR21T0070 at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. T. Lauvaux has been supported by the French research program Make Our Planet Great Again (project CIUDAD). A. Danjou has been supported by the PhD fellowship program of Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives. G. Broquet has been supported by the French National Space Agency (CNES) as part of the TOSCA program (OCO-3 City project). D. Wu and J. Lin have been funded by the NASA grants #8 0NSSC19K0196 . C. O'Dell was funded by a subcontract with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Computing resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Quality flags, GHGs, Soil Science, Flux cross-sectional integration, Bayesian inversion, 010501 environmental sciences, X-STILT, 01 natural sciences, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, business.industry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Global warming, Fossil fuel, Geology, Inversion (meteorology), ODIAC, Metropolitan area, Aerosol, Trend analysis, Carbon neutrality, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Satellite, WRF-Chem, business
Abstract: International audience; Urban areas, where more than 55% of the global population gathers, contribute more than 70% of anthropogenic fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2ff) emissions. Accurate quantification of CO2ff emissions from urban areas is of great importance for formulating global warming mitigation policies to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Satellite-based inversion techniques are unique among “top-down” approaches, potentially allowing us to track CO2ff emission changes over cities globally. However, their accuracy is still limited by incomplete background information, cloud blockages, aerosol contamination, and uncertainties in models and priori emission inventories. To evaluate the current potential of space-based quantification techniques, we present the first attempt to monitor long-term changes in CO2ff emissions based on the OCO-2 satellite measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) over a fast-growing Asian metropolitan area: Lahore, Pakistan. We first examined the OCO-2 data availability at global scale. About 17% of OCO-2 soundings over the global 70 most populated cities from 2014 to 2019 are marked as high-quality. Cloud blockage and aerosol contamination are the two main causes of data loss. As an attempt to recover additional soundings, we evaluated the effectiveness of OCO-2 quality flags at the city level by comparing three flux quantification methods (WRF-Chem, X-STILT, and the flux cross-sectional integration method). The satellite/bottom-up emissions (OCO-2/ODIAC) ratios of the high-quality tracks with reduced uncertainties in emissions are better agreed across the three methods compared to the all-data tracks. This demonstrates that OCO-2 quality flags are useful filters of low-quality OCO-2 retrievals at local scales. All three methods consistently suggested that the ratio medians are greater than 1, implying that the ODIAC slightly underestimated CO2ff emissions over Lahore. Additionally, our estimation of the a posteriori CO2ff emission trend was about 734 kt C/year (i.e., an annual 6.7% increase). 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations of the Mann-Kendall upward trend test showed that less than 10% prior uncertainty for 8 tracks (or less than 20% prior uncertainty for 25 tracks) is required to achieve a greater-than-50% trend significant possibility at a 95% confidence level. It implies that the trend is driven by the prior and not due to the assimilation of OCO-2 retrievals. The key to improving the role of satellite data in CO2 emission trend detection lies in collecting more frequent high-quality tracks near metropolitan areas to achieve significant constraints from XCO2 retrievals.
Published: 2021

5. Policy-Relevant Assessment of Urban CO 2 Emissions

Author: Jonathan A. Wang, Brian J. Nathan, Kevin R. Gurney, Natasha L. Miles, Kenneth J. Davis, Thomas Lauvaux, Aijun Deng, Jocelyn Turnbull, Scott J. Richardson, Tomohiro Oda, Lucy R. Hutyra, PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Boston University [Boston] (BU), GNS Science, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), and University of California
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Fossil fuel, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Degree (temperature), chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, 11. Sustainability, Carbon dioxide, Trajectory, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, business, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Global fossil fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO 2) emissions will be dictated to a great degree by the trajectory of emissions from urban areas. Conventional methods to quantify urban FFCO 2 emissions typically rely on self-reported economic/energy activity data transformed into emissions via standard emission factors. However, uncertainties in these traditional methods pose a roadblock to implementation of effective mitigation strategies, independently monitor long-term trends, and assess policy outcomes. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the integration of a dense network of greenhouse gas sensors with a science-driven building and street-scale FFCO 2 emissions estimation through the atmospheric CO 2 inversion process. Whole-city FFCO 2 emissions agree within 3% annually. Current self-reported inventory emissions for the city of Indianapolis are 35% lower than our optimal estimate, with significant differences across activity sectors. Differences remain, however, regarding the spatial distribution of sectoral FFCO 2 emissions, underconstrained despite the inclusion of coemitted species information.
Published: 2020

6. Confronting Racism in Chemistry Journals

Author: Anne B. McCoy, Lynne S. Taylor, James Milne, Cynthia J. Burrows, David Kaplan, Shu Wang, Hyun Jae Kim, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Thomas Hofmann, Shane A. Snyder, Courtney C. Aldrich, Gunda I. Georg, Phillip E. Savage, Gustavo E. Scuseria, Wonyong Choi, Martin T. Zanni, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Peter Stang, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Kenneth M. Merz, Shana J. Sturla, Joseph A. Loo, Jonathan W. Steed, T. Randall Lee, Christopher W. Jones, Daniel T. Kulp, Hongwei Wu, William L. Jorgensen, Julia Laskin, Prashant V. Kamat, Gregory Scholes, David T. Allen, Krishna N. Ganesh, Erick M. Carreira, Gerald J. Meyer, Alanna Schepartz, Deqing Zhang, Vincent M. Rotello, Jiaxing Huang, John R. Yates, Sharon Hammes-Schiffer, Paul J. Chirik, William B. Tolman, Kirk S. Schanze, Jillian M. Buriak, Christopher A. Voigt, J. Justin Gooding, Bryan W. Brooks, Dennis C. Liotta, Julie B. Zimmerman, M. G. Finn, Joan-Emma Shea, Joan F. Brennecke, Craig W. Lindsley, Gilbert C. Walker, Mary Beth Mulcahy, Laura L. Kiessling, Thomas A. Holme, Philip Proteau, Gregory V. Hartland, Joel D. Blum, Stuart J. Rowan, Scott J. Miller, Harry A. Atwater, Shaomeng Wang, Bin Liu, Kai Rossen, Sarah B. Tegen, Teri W. Odom, Marc A. Hillmyer, Paul S. Weiss, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Northwestern University [Evanston], Beijing Normal University (BNU), Yonsei University, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Chemistry [University of Houston], University of Houston, Texas A&M University [College Station], Tufts University [Medford], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sandia National Laboratories [Albuquerque] (SNL), Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Vanderbilt University [Nashville], University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Chicago, National University of Singapore Faculty of Engineering: Singapore, SG, Department of Chemistry [Emory], Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCLA, Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Team 3 LCPO : Polymer Self-Assembly & Life Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Yale University [New Haven], University of Alberta, Edmonton, Duke University [Durham], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Baylor University, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Iowa State University (ISU), Rice University [Houston], Oregon State University (OSU), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Anthropology [University of Minnesota], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Lundbeck SAS, Department of Chemistry [Princeton], Princeton University, Chemistry and Biochemistry [Santa Barbara] (CCS-UCSB), College of Creative Studies [Santa-Barbara] (CCS-UCSB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California-University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), The Ohio State University, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (UCLA), ACS Publications, and American Chemical Society
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Polymers and Plastics, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Commit, Toxicology, Equity and Inclusion, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Racism, Analytical Chemistry, lcsh:Chemistry, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Discovery, Electrochemistry, Pharmacology (medical), 10. No inequality, Waste Management and Disposal, Spectroscopy, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, 0303 health sciences, 010304 chemical physics, Publications, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Surfaces and Interfaces, Art, General Medicine, Public relations, 16. Peace & justice, Pollution, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Editorial, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Publishing, Workforce, Periodicals as Topic, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Editorial Policies, Inclusion (disability rights), Science, media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, Biomedical Engineering, Library science, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Bioengineering, Library and Information Sciences, Violence, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Education, Inorganic Chemistry, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Political science, Humans, Chemistry (relationship), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Theology, Pharmacology, Chemical Health and Safety, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 010405 organic chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Mechanical Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, Environmental ethics, Materials Engineering, United States, 0104 chemical sciences, Black or African American, 030104 developmental biology, Complementary and alternative medicine, Space and Planetary Science, Gender balance, 0503 education, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diversity (politics), 0301 basic medicine, Atmospheric Science, Physiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, General Physics and Astronomy, Pharmaceutical Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Structural Biology, Materials Chemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), General Materials Science, Instrumentation, Ecology, Chemistry, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, General Engineering, 050301 education, Chemical Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Viewpoints, Solidarity, Computer Science Applications, Infectious Diseases, Fuel Technology, General Energy, Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology, Chemistry journals, Materials science, Cognitive Neuroscience, 0206 medical engineering, MEDLINE, 010402 general chemistry, Catalysis, Bias, 020401 chemical engineering, 010608 biotechnology, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0204 chemical engineering, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Organic Chemistry, General Chemistry, Cell Biology, 020601 biomedical engineering, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Chemical Sciences, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The following joint Editorial was originally published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10979). We confront the terrible reality that systemic racism and discrimination impacts the daily personal and professional lives of many members of the scientific community and broader society. In the U.S., the brutal killing of George Floyd while in police custody is one of the most recent examples of the centuries of systemic violence suffered by Black Americans. This moment and its aftermath lay bare the legacies of racism and its exclusionary practices. Let us be clear: we, the Editors, Staff, and Governance Members of ACS Publications condemn the tragic deaths of Black people and stand in solidarity with Black members of the science and engineering community. Moreover, ACS condemns racism, discrimination, and harassment in all forms. We will not tolerate practices and viewpoints that exclude or demean any member of our community. Despite these good intentions, we recognize that our community has not done enough to provide an environment for Black chemists to thrive. Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson, Chairwoman of the U.S. House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology said, “So far, we have gotten by with a STEM workforce that does not come close to representing the diversity of our nation. However, if we continue to leave behind so much of our nation’s brainpower, we cannot succeed.”(1) Indeed, the U.S. National Science Foundation notes that Blacks and other under-represented minority groups continue to be under-represented in science and engineering education and employment.(2) What is abundantly clear in this moment is that this lack of representation is a symptom of systemic racism across all levels of education and professional life. We know that supportive words are not enough. We must develop and implement a concrete plan for changing our trajectory. Publications and citations are academic currency, and while we like to think publishing a manuscript is “just about the science”, we know that is not true for everyone. We have seen the biases (largely through the lens of gender and in Western countries because of the limitations in bibliometric analyses) and applaud our colleagues at the RSC for their massive study that explored these gender barriers in the publishing pipeline(3) and their recent Inclusion and Diversity Framework.(4) At the present time, unfortunately, less is known about the effects of race and ethnicity on publishing success. A study published in PeerJ, however, found that unprofessional reviewer comments had a disproportionate effect on authors from under-represented groups.(5) As the world’s leading society publisher, we have a responsibility to aggressively combat bias in all aspects of the publishing process, including systemic under-representation of Blacks in this endeavor (no ACS journal is currently led by a Black Editor-in-Chief). Within ACS Publications, we actively track gender and geographic diversity of editors, advisors, authors, and reviewers, and we anecdotally report on race of editors. Diversity encompasses many more dimensions than these, and we acknowledge that we can do much more than we have. We affirm that diversity and inclusion strengthen the research community and its impact, and we are committed to developing, implementing, tracking, and reporting on our progress to ensure that our editors, advisors, reviewers, and authors are more diverse and that all authors receive the same fair treatment and opportunity to publish in our journals. We acknowledge that we do not have all the answers now, but we seek to hear from and listen to our community on how we can improve our journals to be more diverse and inclusive. As first steps, we commit to the taking the following actions: Gathering and making public our baseline statistics on diversity within our journals, encompassing our editors, advisors, reviewers, and authors; annually reporting on progress Training new and existing editors to recognize and interrupt bias in peer review Including diversity of journal contributors as an explicit measurement of Editor-in-Chief performance Appointing an ombudsperson to serve as a liaison between Editors and our Community Developing an actionable diversity plan for each ACS journal These are only initial plans and the start of a conversation: other ideas are beginning to germinate, and we commit to sharing them with you regularly. We invite you contribute your ideas on how we can do better via our Axial website. We are listening carefully. We encourage you to take immediate action in your own circles. In a recent editorial, JACS Associate Editor Melanie Sanford(6) offered practical steps to take now. Take a moment to find out more about these actions and how to bring them into your work and your life. We all have a responsibility to eradicate racism and discrimination in the science and engineering community; indeed, to make a real difference, we need to be antiracist. The tragic events we have seen in the Black community provide great urgency to this goal. The work will be difficult and will force us to confront hard realities about our beliefs and actions. We fully expect that you, and everyone in the community, will hold us accountable.
Published: 2020

7. Background heterogeneity and other uncertainties in estimating urban methane flux: results from the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX)

Author: N. V. Balashov, K. J. Davis, N. L. Miles, T. Lauvaux, S. J. Richardson, Z. R. Barkley, T. A. Bonin, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Daytime, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Mesoscale meteorology, Flux, Atmospheric model, 010501 environmental sciences, Wind direction, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Diurnal cycle, Natural gas, Greenhouse gas, 11. Sustainability, Environmental science, business, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: As natural gas extraction and use continues to increase, the need to quantify emissions of methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas, has grown. Large discrepancies in Indianapolis CH4 emissions have been observed when comparing inventory, aircraft mass balance, and tower inverse modeling estimates. Four years of continuous CH4 mole fraction observations from a network of nine towers as a part of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) are utilized to investigate four possible reasons for the abovementioned inconsistencies: (1) differences in definition of the city domain, (2) a highly temporally variable and spatially non-uniform CH4 background, (3) temporal variability in CH4 emissions, and (4) CH4 sources that are not accounted for in the inventory. Reducing the Indianapolis urban domain size to be consistent with the inventory domain size decreases the CH4 emission estimation of the inverse modeling methodology by about 35 %, thereby lessening the discrepancy and bringing total city flux within the error range of one of the two inventories. Nevertheless, the inverse modeling estimate still remains about 91 % higher than inventory estimates. Hourly urban background CH4 mole fractions are shown to be spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable. Variability in background mole fractions observed at any given moment and a single location could be up to about 50 ppb depending on a wind direction but decreases substantially when averaged over multiple days. Statistically significant, long-term biases in background mole fractions of 2–5 ppb are found from single-point observations for most wind directions. Boundary layer budget estimates suggest that Indianapolis CH4 emissions did not change significantly when comparing 2014 to 2016. However, it appears that CH4 emissions may follow a diurnal cycle, with daytime emissions (12:00–16:00 LST) approximately twice as large as nighttime emissions (20:00–05:00 LST). We found no evidence for large CH4 point sources that are otherwise missing from the inventories. The data from the towers confirm that the strongest CH4 source in Indianapolis is South Side landfill. Leaks from the natural gas distribution system that were detected with the tower network appeared localized and non-permanent. Our simple atmospheric budget analyses estimate the magnitude of the diffuse natural gas source to be 70 % higher than inventory estimates, but more comprehensive analyses are needed. Long-term averaging, spatially extensive upwind mole fraction observations, mesoscale atmospheric modeling of the regional emissions environment, and careful treatment of the times of day are recommended for precise and accurate quantification of urban CH4 emissions.
Published: 2020

8. GPS constraints on deformation in northern Central America from 1999 to 2017, Part 2: Block rotations and fault slip rates, fault locking and distributed deformation

Author: Douglas Hernández, Robert McCaffrey, Hélène Lyon-Caen, Manuel Rodriguez Maradiaga, Cécile Lasserre, E. Molina, Beatriz Cosenza Muralles, Vladimir Kostoglodov, A. P. Ellis, Charles DeMets, Jeffrey Rivera, Alejandra Staller, Robert D. Rogers, Basil Tikoff, Marco Guzmán-Speziale, N. E. Lord, Peter LaFemina, Pierre Briole, Omar Flores, Dpt of Geosciences Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Geology [Portland], Portland State University [Portland] (PSU), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Centro de Geociencias [Queretaro], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Geofísica, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Universidad Mariano Galvez, California State University [Stanislaus], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Department of Geoscience, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Penn State Department of Geosciences
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Deformation (meteorology), Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earthquake hazard, Block (telecommunications), Global Positioning System, Fault slip, business, Seismic cycle, Seismology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

9. Compact polarization beam splitter assisted by subwavelength grating in triple-waveguide directional coupler

Author: Yiheng Wu, Perry Shum Ping, Zhuo Cheng, Yuan Xie, Shuwen Zeng, Tianye Huang, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], CSE, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Photonique Fibre et Sources Cohérentes (XLIM-PHOT), XLIM (XLIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Grating, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Transverse mode, 010309 optics, Wavelength, Optics, law, Duty cycle, Dispersion relation, 0103 physical sciences, Power dividers and directional couplers, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Engineering (miscellaneous), Waveguide, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A polarization beam splitter (PBS) is one of the key components for manipulating different polarization states in the areas of optical interconnection and communication. In this paper, a PBS with two coupling regions using a subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide as a bridge is proposed and investigated on a 340-nm silicon-on-insulator platform. The PBS is designed with a triple-waveguide directional coupler consisting of two identical silicon waveguides and an SWG waveguide sandwiched between them. The tailorable dispersion relation of the SWG waveguide offers a flexible design freedom. With the optimized grating period and duty ratio, the input TE mode will experience efficient coupling between the silicon waveguide and the SWG waveguide, while the TM mode can directly pass through without influence. The results show that with a device length of 6.5 μm, the extinction ratios and insertion losses of the two modes are higher than 27 dB and lower than 0.3 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm, respectively.
Published: 2019

10. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Author: Hellmann, Matthew, Paz-Ares, Luis, Bernabe Caro, Reyes, Zurawski, Bogdan, Kim, Sang-We, Carcereny Costa, Enric, Park, Keunchil, Alexandru, Aurelia, Lupinacci, Lorena, de La Mora Jimenez, Emmanuel, Sakai, Hiroshi, Albert, Istvan, Vergnenègre, Alain, Peters, Solange, Syrigos, Konstantinos, Barlesi, Fabrice, Reck, Martin, Borghaei, Hossein, Brahmer, Julie, O'Byrne, Kenneth, Geese, William, Bhagavatheeswaran, Prabhu, Rabindran, Sridhar, Kasinathan, Ravi, Nathan, Faith, Ramalingam, Suresh, O’byrne, Kenneth, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Institute Division of Hematology/Oncology, Bioinformatics Consulting Center, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Service de Pathologie respiratoire et allergologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Ono Pharmaceutical
Subjects: Oncology, Male, Lung Neoplasms, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, B7-H1 Antigen, law.invention, MESH: Ipilimumab, 0302 clinical medicine, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Randomized controlled trial, law, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, MESH: B7-H1 Antigen, 030212 general & internal medicine, Response rate (survey), Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, MESH: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Nivolumab, MESH: Survival Analysis, MESH: Nivolumab, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Ipilimumab, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Lung cancer, Survival analysis, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, MESH: Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, MESH: Male, respiratory tract diseases, MESH: Lung Neoplasms, Clinical trial, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Abstract: [Background] In an early-phase study involving patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the response rate was better with nivolumab plus ipilimumab than with nivolumab monotherapy, particularly among patients with tumors that expressed programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Data are needed to assess the long-term benefit of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with NSCLC., [Methods] In this open-label, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with stage IV or recurrent NSCLC and a PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab alone, or chemotherapy. The patients who had a PD-L1 expression level of less than 1% were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone. All the patients had received no previous chemotherapy. The primary end point reported here was overall survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab as compared with chemotherapy in patients with a PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more., [Results] Among the patients with a PD-L1 expression level of 1% or more, the median duration of overall survival was 17.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0 to 20.1) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 14.9 months (95% CI, 12.7 to 16.7) with chemotherapy (P=0.007), with 2-year overall survival rates of 40.0% and 32.8%, respectively. The median duration of response was 23.2 months with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 6.2 months with chemotherapy. The overall survival benefit was also observed in patients with a PD-L1 expression level of less than 1%, with a median duration of 17.2 months (95% CI, 12.8 to 22.0) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 12.2 months (95% CI, 9.2 to 14.3) with chemotherapy. Among all the patients in the trial, the median duration of overall survival was 17.1 months (95% CI, 15.2 to 19.9) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 13.9 months (95% CI, 12.2 to 15.1) with chemotherapy. The percentage of patients with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events in the overall population was 32.8% with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and 36.0% with chemotherapy., [Conclusions] First-line treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab resulted in a longer duration of overall survival than did chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC, independent of the PD-L1 expression level. No new safety concerns emerged with longer follow-up. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical; CheckMate 227 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02477826. opens in new tab.), Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical.
Published: 2019

11. Occupations and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium

Author: Kristina Kjærheim, Dana Hashim, Gwenn Menvielle, Hermann Brenner, Peter Thomson, Prerna Khetan, Diego Serraino, Pagona Lagiou, Carlo La Vecchia, Maria Paula Curado, Mia Hashibe, Lorenzo Richiardi, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Danièle Luce, Wolfgang Ahrens, Joshua E. Muscat, Thomas L. Vaughan, Dana Mates, Isabelle Stücker, Heribert Ramroth, Paolo Boffetta, Victor Wünsch-Filho, David I. Conway, Ana M. B. Menezes, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), Universidade Federal de Pelotas = Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Turin, Cancer Registry of Norway, University of Glasgow, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), National Institute of Public Health [Romania] (INSP), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), The INHANCE Consortium was supported by NIH grants NCI R03CA113157 and NIDCR R03DE016611. Studies participating in the pooled analysis were supported by: Latin America study: Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCYT) Argentina, IMIM (Barcelona), Fundaco de Amparo a` Pesquisa no Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [No 01/01768–2], and European Commission [IC18-CT97–0222]. Sao Paulo: Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (GENCAPO 04/12054–9, 10/51168–0). Western Europe multicenter (ARCAGE): European Community (5th Framework Programme) grant no QLK1-CT-2001-00182. New York multicenter: NY multicenter study: NIH [P01CA068384 K07CA104231]. Central Europe multicenter (INCO): Central Europe study: World Cancer Research Fund and the European Commission INCO-COPERNICUS Program [Contract No. IC15- CT98–0332]. Tampa study: NIH [P01CA068384, K07CA104231, R01DE013158] Germany-Heidelberg: Germany-Heidelberg study: grant No. 01GB9702/3 from the German Ministry of Education and Research. Seattle-Leo: Seattle-LEO study: NIH[R01CA030022]. MSKCC: MSKCC study: NIH [R01CA051845]. Germany-Saarland: Saarland study: Ministry of Science, Research and Arts Baden-Wurttemberg.. France multicenter (ICARE): French National Research Agency (ANR), French National Cancer Institute (INCA), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), French Association for Research on Cancer (ARC), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), Fondation de France, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Health, LUCE, Danièle, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Khetan P., Boffetta P., Luce D., Stucker I., Curado M.P., Menezes A., Wunsch-Filho V., Ahrens W., Lagiou P., Serraino D., Richiardi L., Kjaerheim K., Conway D., Thomson P., Muscat J., Mates D., Ramroth H., Menvielle G., Vaughan T.L., Brenner H., Lee Y.-C.A., La Vecchia C., Hashibe M., Hashim D., and Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, Population, Logistic regression, Article, Pooled, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, education, Cancer, education.field_of_study, Occupation, business.industry, Head and neck cancer, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Confidence interval, Europe, Occupational Diseases, Latin America, Logistic Models, Head and Neck Neoplasms, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Head, Larynx, Neck, Attributable risk, North America, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the associations between head and neck cancer\ud (HNC) risk and occupations. Methods: We harmonized data on occupations\ud in a pooled analysis of 8839 HNC cases and 13,730 controls in International\ud Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. Logistic\ud regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations of\ud occupations and HNC risk. Population attributable fraction (PAF)\ud for occupations was calculated using the formula PEC (OR 1)/OR.1\ud Results: Trend of increasing HNC risk was found with increasing duration\ud of employment for many occupations, including cooks (OR ¼ 1.36; 95%\ud confidence interval [CI] 1.09 to 1.68), cleaners (OR ¼ 1.38; 95% CI 1.13 to\ud 1.69), painters (OR ¼ 1.82; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.35). The PAF for a priori\ud occupations was 14.5% (95% CI 7.1% to 21.9%) for HNC. Conclusions: We\ud found associations between certain occupations and HNC risks, including for\ud subsites, with a duration– response relationship.
Published: 2019

12. Toward Better Understanding of Terrestrial Processes through Long-Term Hydrological Observatories

Author: Timothy S. White, Xin Li, Olivier Bour, Karsten Høgh Jensen, Heye Bogena, Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Institute of Bio-geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 2871, 18 Shuang Qing Road Beijing 100085, China (J.L.-Z.) (INSTITUTE OF TIBETAN PLATEAU RESEARCH), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Environmental resource management, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Drainage basin, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, 020801 environmental engineering, Term (time), Earth surface, lcsh:Geology, Hydrology (agriculture), 13. Climate action, Multidisciplinary approach, ddc:550, Special section, Environmental science, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, business, Groundwater, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Observation of hydrological processes has a long-standing tradition covering various climatic, hydrologic, geologic, and geomorphologic conditions. Hydrological observations are either organized in dedicated observatories focused on hydrology or within larger environmental observatories that address processes from the atmosphere to the groundwater. In this special section, we document hydrological observations currently conducted in long-term hydrological observatories and other multidisciplinary observatories across the world. Besides monitoring basic climatic and hydrological variables, dedicated experiments are performed in many of these observatories. Hydrological observatories have proven to be crucial for the advance of the hydrological and greater Earth surface and environmental sciences. The accrued benefits include the development of integrated hydrological models that consider complex feedbacks between hydrological compartments. It is of utmost importance to increase awareness and knowledge of these infrastructures to optimize exploration of new hypotheses in hydrology and neighboring and allied disciplines. This special section consists of 23 papers documenting hydrological observatories on four continents covering diverse environmental conditions and research aspects of catchment science. We expect that the use of worldwide long-term hydrological observatories across multiple compartments will help to solve important relevant scientific and societal questions.
Published: 2018

13. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013

Author: Yong Zhao, Hadi Danawi, Bach Xuan Tran, Gene Bukhman, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Taavi Tillmann, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Yongmei Li, Jerry Puthenpurakal Abraham, Sudan Prasad Neupane, Jack Caravanos, Ben Schöttker, Rafael Lozano, Damian G Hoy, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Sergey Soshnikov, Yukito Shinohara, Randall V. Martin, Michael Brainin, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Yingfeng Zheng, Santosh Mishra, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, Michael Phillips, Belinda J. Gabbe, Hebe N. Gouda, Ziad A. Memish, Rupert R A Bourne, Guoqing Hu, Emmanuel A. Ameh, Abigail McLain, Michelle L. Bell, Christopher Margono, Marissa Iannarone, Wilkister N. Moturi, Donald H. Silberberg, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Nataliya Foigt, Anand Dayama, Yanping Wang, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Monica S. Vavilala, Katherine B Gibney, David Tanne, Sidibe S Kany Roseline, Marcella Montico, Abhishek Singh, Sarah Derrett, Alireza Esteghamati, Seok Jun Yoon, Corine Karema, Rakhi Dandona, David M. Pereira, Kazem Rahimi, Gitanjali M. Singh, Vivekanand Jha, John Hornberger, Anne M. Riederer, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Andrea Pedroza, Lily Alexander, Fiona M. Blyth, Tommi Vasankari, Kyle J Foreman, Rana J. Asghar, Tilahun Nigatu Haregu, Yousef Khader, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Lydia S. Atkins, Simerjot K. Jassal, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Peter Scarborough, Hans W. Hoek, E. Ray Dorsey, Muluken Dessalegn, David C. Schwebel, Gavin Shaddick, Thomas D. Fleming, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Christopher C. Mapoma, Jost B. Jonas, Erin C Mullany, Gene F. Kwan, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Roberto Tchio Talongwa, Tolesa Bekele, Jed D. Blore, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Philimon Gona, Miguel Angel Alegretti, Babak Eshrati, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, Richard F. Gillum, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Ubai Alsharif, Richard C. Franklin, Felix Masiye, Richard T. Burnett, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Martin McKee, John J Huang, Lucía Cuevas-Nasu, Wagner Marcenes, Walid Ammar, Knud Juel, Joseph R. Zunt, Martha M Téllez Rojo, Mamta Swaroop, Noela M Prasad, Azmeraw T. Amare, Tim Driscoll, Michael Kravchenko, Heresh Amini, Amir Sapkota, Theo Vos, Charlotte Watts, Dennis Odai Laryea, D. Alex Quistberg, Justin Beardsley, Cheng Huang, Adnan M. Durrani, Sarah V Thackway, Rita Van Dingenen, Manami Inoue, Martha Híjar, Honglei Chen, Amany H. Refaat, Yichong Li, Vineet K. Chadha, Wenzhi Wang, Louisa Degenhardt, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Nayu Ikeda, James D. Wilkinson, Linh N Bui, Maria Hagströmer, Gonghuan Yang, Ann Kristin Knudsen, David J. Margolis, Soewarta Kosen, Hans Kromhout, Atsushi Goto, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Thomas N. Williams, Michael Soljak, Yun Jin Kim, Hideaki Toyoshima, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Soufiane Boufous, Ivy Shiue, Anders Larsson, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, John Powles, Yara A. Halasa, Robin Room, Ratilal Lalloo, Carolina Batis Ruvalcaba, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Elisabete Weiderpass, Jürgen Rehm, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Alicia Aleman, Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene, Elena Alvarez, Rachelle Buchbinder, Randah R. Hamadeh, Bryan Hubbell, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Farhad Islami, Costas A. Christophi, Heidi Stöckl, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Nigel Bruce, Edward J Mills, Samuel A L Perry, Taavi Lai, Baffour Awuah, Mete Saylan, Karen J. Courville, Arindam Basu, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Teresita González de Cosío, Naohiro Yonemoto, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Muluken Azage Yenesew, Atte Meretoja, Michael Brauer, Cyrus Cooper, Giorgia Giussani, Valentina S. Arsic Arsenijevic, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, André Karch, Leilei Duan, Matthew M Coates, Omid Ameli, Gelin Xu, Matthias Endres, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Mohamed Hsairi, Palwasha Anwari, Mazin J. Al Khabouri, Dariush Mozaffarian, Juan R. Sanabria, Pablo M. Lavados, Sumeet S. Chugh, Johan Ärnlöv, Ivo Rakovac, Maurice Giroud, Haidong Kan, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi, José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador, Luigi Naldi, Erica Leigh Slepak, Deena Alasfoor, James E. Saunders, Richard Matzopoulos, Talal Bakfalouni, Stein Emil Vollset, Andrea Werdecker, Lennert J. Veerman, Lorenzo Monasta, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Reyna A Gutiérrez, Brittany Wurtz, Luz Maria Sanchez, Lijing L. Yan, M. Patrice Lindsay, Michele Meltzer, Sanjay Basu, Steven van de Vijver, Alaa Badawi, Thomas Claßen, Young-Ho Khang, Brett M. Kissela, Jun Zhu, In-Hwan Oh, Fiona J Charlson, Maria Cecilia Bahit, Dinorah González-Castell, Rosario Cárdenas, Dan Poenaru, Sayed Saidul Alam, Mitchell T. Wallin, Harish Chander Gugnani, James Leigh, Ferrán Catalá-López, Lidia Morawska, Jim van Os, Stephanie J. London, Kaire Innos, Isabelle Romieu, Fiorella Cavalleri, Adrian Davis, Hwee Pin Phua, Chakib Nejjari, Héctor Gómez Dantés, Boris I. Pavlin, Karen Sliwa, Lynne Gaffikin, Constance D. Pond, Michael F. MacIntyre, Blake Thomson, Norberto Perico, Ronny Westerman, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Michael H. Criqui, Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Bulat Idrisov, Ana Basto-Abreu, Andrew G. M. Bulloch, Jasvinder A. Singh, Vinod K. Paul, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Svetlana Popova, Hmwe H Kyu, Richard L. Guerrant, Mohammed I. Albittar, Srikanth Mangalam, Steven E. Lipshultz, Lela Sturua, Semaw Ferede Abera, Eduardo Bernabé, George D. Thurston, Bruno F. Sunguya, Tiffany Ku, Alejandra G. Contreras, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Charles Atkinson, Ashkan Afshin, Heidi J. Larson, Abdullatif Husseini, Jose C. Adsuar, Reza Assadi, Ademola Lukman Adelekan, Joshua A. Salomon, Yousef M. Elshrek, Gokalp Kadri Yentur, Devina Nand, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Graça Maria Ferreira De Lima, Maheswar Satpathy, Fotis Topouzis, Traolach S. Brugha, Hywel C Williams, Coen H. Van Gool, Andrew H. Kemp, Awoke Misganaw, Amado D Quezada, Norito Kawakami, Bert Brunekreef, Peter Burney, Tati S. Warouw, Jongmin Lee, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Marcel Tanner, Solveig A. Cunningham, Benjamin O. Anderson, Tariku Jibat Beyene, Lars Barregard, Xia Wan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Bernadette Thomas, Lilia S Pedraza, Massimo Cirillo, Alina Rodriguez, Ricky Leung, Farshad Pourmalek, K. Srinath Reddy, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Ulrich O Mueller, Neeraj Bedi, Al Artaman, Lucia Hernandez, Itamar S. Santos, C. Arden Pope, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Carlo Irwin A. Panelo, Selen Begüm Uzun, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, Anwar Rafay, Daniel Dicker, Melvin Barrientos Marzan, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Mohammed O. Basulaiman, Edgar P. Simard, Mohammad T Mashal, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Shiwei Liu, Don C. Des Jarlais, Bo Norrving, Salvador Villalpando, Miia Kivipelto, Yang Liu, Carolina Maria Teixeira, Catalina Medina, Sudha Jayaraman, Josep Maria Haro, Diego De Leo, Angel J Paternina Caicedo, Abigail C. McKay, Eric L. Ding, Mukesh Dherani, Ljiljana Pejin Stokic, Vinay Nangia, Sukanta Saha, Juan Liang, Elisabeth Cardis, Zourkaleini Younoussi, José R Nogueira, Braden Te Ao, Vasco Manuel Pedro Machado, Lionel Racapé, Ting Wu Chuang, Shahab Khatibzadeh, E Filipa de Castro, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Ulises Trujillo, Alan D. Lopez, Soraya Seedat, Lope H Barrero, Linhong Wang, Daniel Pope, Alexandra Brazinova, Faris Lami, Valentina Colistro, G Anil Kumar, Derek F J Fay, Haidong Wang, Hwashin H. Shin, Raimundas Lunevicius, Suzanne Polinder, Dietrich Plass, David Rojas-Rueda, Stephen S Lim, Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Yuantao Hao, Jung-Chen Chang, Corina Benjet, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Luciano A. Sposato, Stan Biryukov, Kunihiro Matsushita, Beth E. Ebel, Cleusa P. Ferri, Soumya Swaminathan, K. Ryan Wessells, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Leslie T. Cooper, David O. Carpenter, Nancy Lopez, Bryan L. Sykes, Sandra Nolte, Murray B. Stein, Paul N. Jensen, Fabiola Mejía-Rodríguez, Xiaonong Zou, Bradford D. Gessner, Dhruv S. Kazi, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Alejandra Jáuregui, Pouria Heydarpour, Megan Bohensky, Harvey Whiteford, Berrak Bora Basara, Zhengming Chen, Gregory R. Wagner, Paul I. Dargan, Hermann Brenner, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, John Nelson Opio, Scott Weichenthal, Deborah Salvo, Jun She, Tea Lallukka, Carolyn C. Gotay, Stephen G. Waller, Christian Kieling, Shivanthi Balalla, Valery L. Feigin, Qing Lan, Matias Trillini, Adam D M Briggs, Sungroul Kim, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Renata Micha, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Paul S. F. Yip, Grant Nguyen, Ralph L. Sacco, Biju Abraham, Ken Takahashi, Jixiang Ma, Peter A. Meaney, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Kimberly Cooperrider, M Rifat Kose, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa, Rasmus Havmoeller, Alize J. Ferrari, Kebede Deribe, Nadim E. Karam, George A. Mensah, Bongani M. Mayosi, Konrad Pesudovs, Joanna Moschandreas, Ziad Nahas, James Damsere-Derry, Nsanzimana Sabin, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Ying Jiang, Andre Pascal Kengne, Peter Allebeck, Jonas Minet Kinge, Shankuan Zhu, Guy B. Marks, Daniel C Casey, Marco A Avila, Anna Roca, Lalit Dandona, Ami R. Moore, Adansi A. Amankwaa, David Gunnell, Andre Keren, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Nhung T Nguyen, Anthony D. Woolf, Mayuree Rao, Peter J. Allen, Christina Papachristou, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Ravi Kumar Balu, Marie Ng, Marcello Tonelli, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Maigeng Zhou, Emmanuela Gakidou, Mohammed K. Ali, Amanda W Pain, Dan J. Stein, Kawkab Shishani, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Howard J. Hoffman, James Scott, Nadine Steckling, Samia Alhabib, Deborah Jarvis, Kara Estep, Arsène Kouablan Adou, Ricardo Orozco, Holly Hagan, K. C. Astha, Reza Malekzadeh, Klara Dokova, Aliya Naheed, Ernst J. Kuipers, Valeria Caso, Derrick A Bennett, Andrea B. Feigl, Uche S. Uchendu, Holly E. Erskine, Shireen Sindi, Arjun Lakshmana Balaji, Francesco Saverio Violante, Monika Sawhney, Alejandra Cantoral, Ketevan Goginashvili, Raghib Ali, Fan Jiang, Robert G. Weintraub, Homie Razavi, Myriam Tobollik, Howard Hu, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Irma Khonelidze, Patricia M. Riccio, Eun-Kee Park, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Ibrahim Abubakar, Jürgen C Schmidt, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Aref A. Bin Abdulhak, Graeme J. Hankey, Natan M. Bornstein, Mouhanad Hammami, Lee Richardson, Rintaro Mori, Alanur Çavlin, Ruth W Kimokoti, Samir Soneji, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, John Q. Wong, Joseph Frostad, Tom Achoki, Rahman Shiri, Ashish Bhalla, Kurt Straif, Simon I. Hay, Scott B. Patten, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Awoke Misganaw Temesgen, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Ryan M Barber, Rosana E. Norman, JianLi Wang, Siyi Shangguan, Luke Nyakarahuka, Kovin Naidoo, Charles D. H. Parry, Mercedes Colomar, H. Ross Anderson, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Joan M. Nolla, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Karen Devries, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Denis Nash, Marape Marape, Rajiv Chowdhury, Dima M. Qato, Luca Ronfani, Nobhojit Roy, Daniel Kim, Yuichiro Yano, Luke D. Knibbs, Margaret Robinson, Hilda L Harb, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Janet L Leasher, Jonathan L. Wright, Peter Brooks, Cristiana Abbafati, Belinda K Lloyd, Victor Aboyans, Nikhil Tandon, Charles R. Newton, Simón Barquera, Ted R. Miller, Kinnari S. Murthy, Habib Benzian, Glen Mola, Paulo A. Lotufo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Alexander Kraemer, Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes, Saman Fahimi, Lesley Rushton, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Logan Sandar, Bruce Neal, Teresa Shamah Levy, Karen M. Tabb, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Christopher J L Murray, Ramesh Sahathevan, Aaron Cohen, Chanda Kulkarni, Van C. Lansingh, François Alla, Tasara T. Mazorodze, Murugesan Raju, Saeid Shahraz, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Rajeev Gupta, Neil Pearce, Mustafa Z. Younis, Veena S. Kulkarni, Francisco A García-Guerra, Amanda G. Thrift, Stefan Ma, Samaya Ismayilova, Evariste Gasana, Amitava Banerjee, Aslam Pervaiz, Emilie Agardh, Abraham D. Flaxman, Farshad Farzadfar, Peter W. Gething, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Boris Bikbov, Wanqing Chen, Saad B. Omer, Ruben Castro, Neeraj Bhala, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Hilton Lam, Urbano Fra Paleo, Lidia Sanchez-Riera, Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Kristen Delwiche, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Max Petzold, Yuri Y Varakin, Guilherme Borges, Guohong Jiang, Francis Guillemin, Kyle R. Heuton, Yohannes Kinfu, Victoria F Bachman, Joseph A Wagner, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Leonardo Trasande, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Josef Coresh, Chuanhua Yu, Kenji Shibuya, Berrin Serdar, Laetitia Huiart, Xiaofeng Liang, Jean de Dieu Ngirabega, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Natalie Stephens, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Jefferson Traebert, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Kjetil Søreide, Samath D Dharmaratne, Robert P. Dellavalle, George Mugambage Ruhago, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Dipan Bose, Tania C Aburto, Saleem M Rana, Miriam Levi, Mohammad Taghi Hedayati, Rodolfo S Pagcatipunan, Ron T. Gansevoort, H. D. Hosgood, Michael Burch, Mohsen Naghavi, Vegard Skirbekk, Ayfer Pekericli, Walter Mendoza, Pengpeng Ye, Gabrielle deVeber, Ali H. Mokdad, David M. Broday, Koranteng Adofo, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Shifalika Goenka, Carrie Beth Peterson, Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg, Edson Serván-Mori, Anil Kaul, Foad Abd-Allah, Marek Majdan, Rahul Gupta, Giancarlo Logroscino, Kardiyoloji, Peterson, Carrie B., Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), London South Bank University, Metropolitan Police Service, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Insight Centre for Data Analytics [Galway] (INSIGHT), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidemiologie Clinique/essais Cliniques Nancy, Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Karolinska Institute, karolinska institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Universität Mannheim [Mannheim], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) (SRI-B), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] (STFC), Science & Technologie Facilities Council, Multimedia Research Center (MRC), University of Alberta, Division of Biostatistics (Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, University of Southampton, Imperial College London, Neurology Department, Ichilov Medical Center, Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 (InTRu), Université de Tours, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Risk Assessment Sciences Institute, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), STAR laboratory, Stanford University [Stanford], Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore (NUS), Centre de Robotique (CAOR), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Swansea University, Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Neuro Rehab Services LLP [New Delhi], Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Univ. Politec. de Catalunya, King‘s College London, Dept. Mat. Engn. De Ma, Sao Carlos, Fed. Univ. Sao Carlos UFSCar, RESPEC (RESPEC), RESPEC, Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] (ALES), Department of Biology [Miami], University of Miami [Coral Gables], Health Care, Minister Of Labour-Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs, Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, University of Oxford [Oxford], College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia, Laboratory of Neurologic Diseases, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], GEMMA — Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (Ariana, Tunisie) (INRAP), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University-Shahid Beheshti University, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Tehran, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Public Health Division, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe (SAGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, George Washington University (GW), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Washington State University (WSU), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, School of Computer Science - China University of Geosciences (China University of Geosciences (East Area)), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Fachbereich Physik [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci (DRDO, INMAS), Univ New Delhi, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Cape Town, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Daejeon] (Chungnam National University), Lawrence University, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tata Research Development and Design Center (TRDDC), TCS Innovation Labs, University of Helsinki, Google Inc [Mountain View], Research at Google, Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), Servicio de Neurologia (SANTIAGO - Neurologie), Universidad del Desarrollo, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (CAD Laboratory), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Università degli studi di Bari, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Centre d'études et de recherche en informatique et communications (CEDRIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise (ENSIIE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] (CIEE), China Agricultural University (CAU), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble [2013-2019] (ESPE Grenoble [2013-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa [Iowa City], College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Saudi Ministry of Health, Institut national des recherches agricoles du Bénin, Centre de Recherches agricoles du Sud, Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Unit of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, University of Virginia, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo', Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Department of Chemistry, Scientific Computing Research Unit, Department of dermatology, Milano University-Azienda Ospedaleria Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, Department of epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Département Optique (OPT), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Department of Neurology Lunds University Hospital Lund, Unit of Functional Bionanomaterials, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department - Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], World Health Organization, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Nordic School of Public Health, The James Hutton Institute, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Public Health, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Dept.of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Istituto Mario Negri Bergamo, Centro Ricerche e Trapianti Villa Camozzi, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut geològic de Catalunya (IGC), Institut Geològic de Catalunya-IGC, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Symantec, University of Oviedo, European Microsoft Innovation Center (EMIC), Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa], Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences (LMPG), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Departments of Applied Physics [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Center for Mathematical Modeling (CMM), Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [New Delhi], Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GlaxoSmithKline, Imperial College London-Clinical Imaging Center, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Nanoscience Institute (NEST), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology (LICB), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Human Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] (LNCC / MCT), Occupational Health Unit, Bologna University Hospital-Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), NICTA [Eveleigh], National ICT Australia [Sydney] (NICTA), Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University [Lund], University of Calgary, BioWare Corp, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division [London], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London]-King‘s College London, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physiology, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases-King‘s College London, Electronic Navigation Research Institute (ENRI), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Department of Computer Science [KAIST] (CS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Centre for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops N Chi, Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOLTECH-ANJOU (MOLTECH-ANJOU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH)-Universidad del Desarrollo, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble (ESPE Grenoble), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), King‘s College London-Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Sichuan University, Universitat de Barcelona, Interne Geneeskunde, Medische Sociologie, MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Bretagne-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides ( LPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive ( LAPSCO ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches ( UR ETGR ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Hong Kong Baptist University ( HKBU ), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] ( LMU ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Insight Centre for Data Analytics (National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG)) ( INSIGHT ), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation ( APEMAC ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), University of Oslo ( UiO ) -University of Oslo ( UiO ), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas ( CEAZA ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux ( LIM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) ( SRI-B ), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] ( STFC ), Multimedia Research Center ( MRC ), University of Alberta [Edmonton], Division of Biostatistics ( Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], University of Southampton [Southampton], Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 ( InTRu ), Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University Medical Center Utrecht, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative ( BFA ), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton Hospital-National Heart and Lung Institute, Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires ( VIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), National University of Singapore ( NUS ), Centre de Robotique ( CAOR ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ), Department of Signal Theory and Communications ( TSC ), RESPEC ( RESPEC ), Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] ( ALES ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] ( UPC ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique ( INRAP ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP-Tunisie), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ), Tehran University, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe ( SAGE ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - AMU - IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ( Phys-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy ( CRAN ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Freie Universität Berlin [Berlin], Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci ( DRDO, INMAS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Tata Research Development and Design Center ( TRDDC ), Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou [Angers] ( MOLTECH ANJOU ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Helsinki [Helsinki], Swedish Defense Research Agency ( FOI ), Servicio de Neurologia ( SANTIAGO - Neurologie ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ) -Universidad del Desarrollo, Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., East Hanover NJ 07936, USA, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering ( CAD Laboratory ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), Centre d'étude et de recherche en informatique et communications ( CEDRIC ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Informatique pour l'Industrie et l'Entreprise ( ENSIIE ) -Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] ( CNAM ), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] ( Heudiasyc ), Université de Technologie de Compiègne ( UTC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), College of Information and Electrical Engineering [Beijing] ( CIEE ), China Agricultural University ( CAU ), Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne ( CES ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Paris School of Economics ( PSE ), École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Grenoble ( ESPE Grenoble ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth], The University of Sydney [Sydney], Département Optique ( OPT ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes ( L2S ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology ( CREAL ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Center for TeleInFrastruktur ( CTIF ), Aalborg University [Denmark] ( AAU ), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 ( STL ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Indian Institute of Technology Madras ( IIT Madras ), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita ( UNESP ), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production ( LGI2P ), IMT - Mines Alès Ecole Mines - Télécom ( IMT - MINES ALES ), Institut geològic de Catalunya ( IGC ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons ( LPGP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Politecnico di Milano [Milan], European Microsoft Innovation Center ( EMIC ), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences ( LMPG ), Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires ( LPMA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Center for Mathematical Modeling ( CMM ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ( LSHTM ), University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] ( UEOH ), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ( IIT Delhi ), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre ( IRPHE ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] ( UFPE ), Nanoscience Institute ( NEST ), Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology ( LICB ), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability ( IES ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], Laboratorio Nacional de Computação Cientifica [Rio de Janeiro] ( LNCC / MCT ), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] ( KTH ), National ICT Australia [Sydney] ( NICTA ), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques ( IHPST ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia ( CHOP ), Univeristy of Pennsylvania Medical School, Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique ( GeM ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Medical College of Georgia, Electronic Navigation Research Institute ( ENRI ), Department of Computer Science [KAIST] ( CS ), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), University of Massachusetts [Boston] ( UMass Boston ), Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Alexander, Lily, Anderson, H. Ro, Bachman, Victoria F, Biryukov, Stan, Brauer, Michael, Burnett, Richard, Casey, Daniel, Coates, Matthew M, Cohen, Aaron, Delwiche, Kristen, Estep, Kara, Frostad, Joseph J, Kc, Astha, Kyu, Hmwe H, Moradi Lakeh, Maziar, Ng, Marie, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Thomas, Bernadette A, Wagner, Joseph, Aasvang, Gunn Marit, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Biju, Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu Rmeileh, Niveen M. E, Aburto, Tania C, Achoki, Tom, Adelekan, Ademola, Adofo, Koranteng, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Al Khabouri, Mazin J, Al Lami, Faris H, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Aleman, Alicia V, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Mohammed K, Alla, Françoi, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Peter J, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Ameli, Omid, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J, Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S, Atkinson, Charle, Avila, Marco A, Awuah, Baffour, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C, Bakfalouni, Talal, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balu, Ravi Kumar, Banerjee, Amitava, Barber, Ryan M, Barker Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lar, Barrero, Lope H, Barrientos Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto Abreu, Ana C, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Ruvalcaba, Carolina Bati, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Beyene, Tariku J, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Bori, Abdulhak, Aref A. Bin, Blore, Jed D, Blyth, Fiona M, Bohensky, Megan A, Başara, Berrak Bora, Borges, Guilherme, Bornstein, Natan M, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J, Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D. M, Broday, David M, Brooks, Peter M, Bruce, Nigel G, Brugha, Traolach S, Brunekreef, Bert, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bui, Linh N, Bukhman, Gene, Bulloch, Andrew G, Burch, Michael, Burney, Peter G. J, Campos Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano, Julio C, Cantoral, Alejandra J, Caravanos, Jack, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cardis, Elisabeth, Carpenter, David O, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chen, Zhengming, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christophi, Costas A, Chuang, Ting Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S, Cirillo, Massimo, Claßen, Thomas Kd, Colistro, Valentina, Colomar, Mercede, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Contreras, Alejandra G, Cooper, Cyru, Cooperrider, Kimberly, Cooper, Leslie T, Coresh, Josef, Courville, Karen J, Criqui, Michael H, Cuevas Nasu, Lucia, Damsere Derry, Jame, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Dayama, Anand, de Castro, E. Filipa, De la Cruz Góngora, Vanessa, De Leo, Diego, de Lima, Graça, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C. De, Dessalegn, Muluken, Deveber, Gabrielle A, Devries, Karen M, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Durrani, Adnan M, Ebel, Beth E, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Elshrek, Yousef M, Endres, Matthia, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fahimi, Saman, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F. J, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferri, Cleusa P, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Paleo, Urbano Fra, Franklin, Richard C, Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Gansevoort, Ron T, García Guerra, Francisco A, Gasana, Evariste, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Pete, Gibney, Katherine B, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim A. M, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goginashvili, Ketevan, Dantes, Hector Gomez, Gona, Philimon, de Cosio, Teresita Gonzalez, González Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Guerrant, Richard L, Gugnani, Harish C, Guillemin, Franci, Gunnell, David, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hafezi Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Hagstromer, Maria, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heredia Pi, Ileana B, Hernandez, Lucia, Heuton, Kyle R, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hornberger, John C, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Howard, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J, Hubbell, Bryan J, Huiart, Laetitia, Husseini, Abdullatif, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim M, Idrisov, Bulat T, Ikeda, Nayu, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Ismayilova, Samaya, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jansen, Henrica A, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jayaraman, Sudha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Fan, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Roseline, Sidibe S. Kany, Karam, Nadim E, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazi, Dhruv S, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan, Khan, Ejaz A, Khang, Young Ho, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Khonelidze, Irma, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kinge, Jonas M, Kissela, Brett M, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kose, M. Rifat, Kosen, Soewarta, Kraemer, Alexander, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kromhout, Han, Ku, Tiffany, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G. Anil, Kwan, Gene F, Lai, Taavi, Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Ander, Laryea, Dennis O, Lavados, Pablo M, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Jong Tae, Leigh, Jame, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lindsay, M. Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Logroscino, Giancarlo, London, Stephanie J, Lopez, Nancy, Lortet Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Ma, Jixiang, Ma, Stefan, Machado, Vasco M. P, Macintyre, Michael F, Magis Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdi, Abbas A, Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mangalam, Srikanth, Mapoma, Christopher C, Marape, Marape, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J, Margono, Christopher, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Randall V, Marzan, Melvin B, Mashal, Mohammad T, Masiye, Felix, Mason Jones, Amanda J, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazorodze, Tasara T, Mckay, Abigail C, Mckee, Martin, Mclain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A, Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Santosh, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan A, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen L, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio C. Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moore, Ami R, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C, Murthy, Kinnari S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nahas, Ziad, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, Km Venkat, Nash, Deni, Neal, Bruce, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ngalesoni, Frida N, de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Nhung T, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J, Nisar, Muhammad I, Nogueira, José R, Nolla, Joan M, Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Omer, Saad B, Opio, John Nelson, Orozco, Ricardo, Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S, Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun Kee, Parry, Charles D, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pearce, Neil, Pedraza, Lilia S, Pedroza, Andrea, Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin, Pekericli, Ayfer, Pereira, David M, Perez Padilla, Rogelio, Perez Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Perry, Samuel A. L, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Phua, Hwee Pin, Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Pope, C. Arden, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Powles, John, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M, Qato, Dima M, Quezada, Amado D, Quistberg, D. Alex A, Racapé, Lionel, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Raju, Murugesan, Rakovac, Ivo, Rana, Saleem M, Rao, Mayuree, Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K. Srinath, Refaat, Amany H, Rehm, Jürgen, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Riccio, Patricia M, Richardson, Lee, Riederer, Anne, Robinson, Margaret, Roca, Anna, Rodriguez, Alina, Rojas Rueda, David, Romieu, Isabelle, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M, Rushton, Lesley, Sabin, Nsanzimana, Sacco, Ralph L, Saha, Sukanta, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvo, Deborah, Sampson, Uchechukwu K, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez, Luz Maria, Sánchez Pimienta, Tania G, Sanchez Riera, Lidia, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Sapkota, Amir, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saunders, James E, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I, Scarborough, Peter, Schmidt, Jürgen C, Schneider, Ione J. C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan Mori, Edson E, Shaddick, Gavin, Shahraz, Saeid, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Hwashin H, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steckling, Nadine, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stephens, Natalie, Stöckl, Heidi, Straif, Kurt, Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Talongwa, Roberto T, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Te Ao, Braden J, Teixeira, Carolina M, Téllez Rojo, Martha M, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Texcalac Sangrador, José Lui, Thackway, Sarah V, Thomson, Blake, Thorne Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Foti, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X, Trasande, Leonardo, Trillini, Matia, Trujillo, Ulise, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadi, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uzun, Selen B, van de Vijver, Steven, Van Dingenen, Rita, van Gool, Coen H, van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi J, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N, Vavilala, Monica S, Veerman, Lennert J, Velasquez Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Waller, Stephen G, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Wenzhi, Wang, Yanping, Warouw, Tati S, Watts, Charlotte H, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Wessells, K. Ryan, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Hywel C, Williams, Thomas N, Woldeyohannes, Solomon M, Wolfe, Charles D. A, Wong, John Q, Woolf, Anthony D, Wright, Jonathan L, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yang, Gonghuan, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yenesew, Muluken, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younoussi, Zourkaleini, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Shankuan, Zou, Xiaonong, Zunt, Joseph R, Lopez, Alan D, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J., Cell biology, Epidemiology, Neurosciences, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Public Health, General practice, Bachman, Victoria F., Coates, Matthew M., Frostad, Joseph J., Astha, K.C., Kyu, Hmwe H., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Thomas, Bernadette A., Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F., Puthenpurakal Abraham, Jerry, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E., Aburto, Tania C., Adou, Arsène K., Adsuar, José C., Agardh, Emilie E., Al Khabouri, Mazin J., Al Lami, Faris H., Albittar, Mohammed I., Alegretti, Miguel A., Aleman, Alicia V., Alemu, Zewdie A., Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Ali, Mohammed K., Allen, Peter J., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amankwaa, Adansi A., Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Argeseanu Cunningham, Solveig, Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina S., Asghar, Rana J., Atkins, Lydia S., Avila, Marco A., Bahit, Maria C., Barber, Ryan M., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barrero, Lope H., Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh, Basto-Abreu, Ana C., Basulaiman, Mohammed O., Batis Ruvalcaba, Carolina, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Beyene, Tariku J., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Blore, Jed D., Blyth, Fiona M., Bohensky, Megan A., Bora Başara, Berrak, Bornstein, Natan M., Bourne, Rupert R., Breitborde, Nicholas J., Briggs, Adam D.M., Broday, David M., Brooks, Peter M., Bruce, Nigel G., Brugha, Traolach S., Bui, Linh N., Bulloch, Andrew G., Burney, Peter G.J., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Campuzano, Julio C., Cantoral, Alejandra J., Carpenter, David O., Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben E., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chadha, Vineet K., Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Chiang, Peggy P., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Christophi, Costas A., Chuang, Ting-Wu, Chugh, Sumeet S., Claßen, Thomas K.D., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Contreras, Alejandra G., Cooper, Leslie T., Courville, Karen J., Criqui, Michael H., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Damsere-Derry, Jame, Dargan, Paul I., Davitoiu, Dragos V., De Castro, E. Filipa, De La Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De Lima, Graça, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Des Jarlais, Don C., Deveber, Gabrielle A., Devries, Karen M., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dherani, Mukesh K., Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Durrani, Adnan M., Ebel, Beth E., Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elshrek, Yousef M., Ermakov, Sergey P., Erskine, Holly E., Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fay, Derek F.J., Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferri, Cleusa P., Flaxman, Abraham D., Fleming, Thomas D., Foreman, Kyle J., Fra Paleo, Urbano, Franklin, Richard C., Gankpé, Fortuné G., Gansevoort, Ron T., García-Guerra, Francisco A., Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim A.M., Gomez Dantes, Hector, Gonzalez De Cosio, Teresita, González-Castell, Dinorah, Gotay, Carolyn C., Gouda, Hebe N., Guerrant, Richard L., Gugnani, Harish C., Gutiérrez, Reyna A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah R., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Hay, Simon I., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Heredia-Pi, Ileana B., Heuton, Kyle R., Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hornberger, John C., Hosgood, H., Hoy, Damian G., Huang, John J., Hubbell, Bryan J., Iannarone, Marissa L., Iburg, Kim M., Idrisov, Bulat T., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jansen, Henrica A., Jarvis, Deborah L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jensen, Paul N., Jonas, Jost B., Kany Roseline, Sidibe S., Karam, Nadim E., Karema, Corine K., Kazi, Dhruv S., Kemp, Andrew H., Kengne, Andre P., Khader, Yousef S., Ali Hassan Khalifa, Shams Eldin, Khan, Ejaz A., Khang, Young-Ho, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinge, Jonas M., Kissela, Brett M., Knibbs, Luke D., Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Veena S., Kwan, Gene F., Lakshmana Balaji, Arjun, Lansingh, Van C., Larson, Heidi J., Laryea, Dennis O., Lavados, Pablo M., Lawrynowicz, Alicia E., Leasher, Janet L., Lee, Jong-Tae, Lim, Stephen S., Lipshultz, Steven E., Lloyd, Belinda K., London, Stephanie J., Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A., Machado, Vasco M.P., Macintyre, Michael F., Magis-Rodriguez, Carlo, Mahdi, Abbas A., Mapoma, Christopher C., Margolis, David J., Marks, Guy B., Martin, Randall V., Marzan, Melvin B., Mashal, Mohammad T., Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mayosi, Bongani M., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Mckay, Abigail C., Meaney, Peter A., Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Melaku, Yohannes A., Memish, Ziad A., Mensah, George A., Apolinary Mhimbira, Franci, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohammad, Karzan A., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen L., Montañez Hernandez, Julio C., Moore, Ami R., Moturi, Wilkister N., Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin C., Murthy, Kinnari S., Naidoo, Kovin S., Narayan, K.M. Venkat, Neupane, Sudan P., Newton, Charles R., Ngalesoni, Frida N., Ngirabega, Jean De Dieu, Nguyen, Nhung T., Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Nisar, Muhammad I., Nogueira, José R., Nolla, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Oh, In-Hwan, Olusanya, Bolajoko O., Omer, Saad B., Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S., Pain, Amanda W., Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Panelo, Carlo Irwin A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D., Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pavlin, Boris I., Pedraza, Lilia S., Pejin Stokic, Ljiljana, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perry, Samuel A.L., Phillips, Michael R., Polanczyk, Guilherme V., Pond, Constance D., Prasad, Noela M., Qato, Dima M., Quezada, Amado D., Quistberg, D. Alex A., Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Ur Rahman, Sajjad, Rana, Saleem M., Refaat, Amany H., Ribeiro, Antonio L., Riccio, Patricia M., Rojas-Rueda, David, Ruhago, George M., Sacco, Ralph L., Salomon, Joshua A., Sampson, Uchechukwu K., Sanabria, Juan R., Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Santos, Itamar S., Saunders, James E., Saylan, Mete I., Schmidt, Jürgen C., Schneider, Ione J.C., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shin, Hwashin H., Sigfusdottir, Inga D., Silberberg, Donald H., Simard, Edgar P., Singh, Gitanjali M., Singh, Jasvinder A., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stapelberg, Nicolas J.C., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Sunguya, Bruno F., Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Talongwa, Roberto T., Te Ao, Braden J., Teixeira, Carolina M., Téllez Rojo, Martha M., Terkawi, Abdullah S., Texcalac-Sangrador, José Lui, Thackway, Sarah V., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Towbin, Jeffrey A., Tran, Bach X., Tsala Dimbuene, Zacharie, Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Uzun, Selen B., Van De Vijver, Steven, Van Gool, Coen H., Van Os, Jim, Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi J., Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N., Vavilala, Monica S., Veerman, Lennert J., Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, Francesco S., Victorovich Vlassov, Vasiliy, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wallin, Mitchell T., Warouw, Tati S., Watts, Charlotte H., Weintraub, Robert G., Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Williams, Hywel C., Williams, Thomas N., Woldeyohannes, Solomon M., Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wong, John Q., Woolf, Anthony D., Wright, Jonathan L., Yan, Lijing L., Yentür, Gökalp K., Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaki, Maysaa E., Zunt, Joseph R., Lopez, Alan D., and Temesgen, A.M.
Subjects: Male, Fine particulate matter, Nutrition and Disease, MESH : Sanitation, Health Behavior, Diseases, MESH: Metabolic Diseases, MESH: Global Health, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Risk Assessment, Global Health, MESH : Nutritional Status, MESH: Occupational Exposure, 0302 clinical medicine, Unsafe Sex, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, Medicine, Air-pollution, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH : Risk Assessment, Sanitation, Wasting, 2. Zero hunger, Factors de risc en les malalties, Medicine (all), [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, MESH : Occupational Diseases, MESH: Nutritional Status, All-cause mortality, MESH : Risk Factors, humanities, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Status, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Exposure, Risk Assessment, Tobacco smoking, 3. Good health, Nutritional Statu, MESH : Occupational Exposure, MESH : Metabolic Diseases, Cohort, medicine.symptom, Risk assessment, Blood-pressure, Human, MESH: Occupational Diseases, Risk factors in diseases, Coronary-heart-disease, MESH : Male, MESH: Health Behavior, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Population health, Body-mass index, 03 medical and health sciences, Household cooking, Cardiovascular-disease, Environmental health, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Life Science, MESH: Sanitation, Risk factor, MESH : Health Behavior, VLAG, GBD2013, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Risk Factor, Global Burden of Disease Study, 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks, Long-term exposure, MESH : Humans, CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, MESH: Male, Metabolic Disease, Occupational Disease, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, MALE BRITISH DOCTORS, Years of potential life lost, Relative risk, Malalties, MESH : Global Health, OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH : Environmental Exposure, MESH: Female
Abstract: Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5−89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the fi rst of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantifi cation, particularly of modifi able risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the fi rst level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular fi ltration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian metaregression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5−89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2015

14. GPS constraints on deformation in northern Central America from 1999 to 2017, Part 1 – Time-dependent modelling of large regional earthquakes and their post-seismic effects

Author: Hélène Lyon-Caen, Douglas Hernández, Vladimir Kostoglodov, Manuel Rodriguez Maradiaga, Pierre Briole, Alejandra Staller, S. E. Graham, A. P. Ellis, Omar Flores, Niel Lord, Robert McCaffrey, Marco Guzmán-Speziale, E. Molina, Peter LaFemina, Robert D. Rogers, Cécile Lasserre, Charles DeMets, Jeffrey Rivera, Beatriz Cosenza, Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidad San Carlos, Department of Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences [Boston] (EEOS), University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Centro de Geociencias [Queretaro], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Geofísica, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Department of Geology [Portland], Portland State University [Portland] (PSU), Universidad Mariano Galvez, California State University [Stanislaus], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Penn State Department of Geosciences
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Satellite geodesy, Space geodetic surveys, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Earthquake prediction, Slip (materials science), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, Middle america, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Seismic cycle, business.industry, Geodetic datum, Central America, Geodesy, Geophysics, Transient deformation, Trench, Global Positioning System, business, Geology
Abstract: International audience; We use continuous and campaign measurements from 215 GPS sites in northern Central America and southern Mexico to estimate coseismic and afterslip solutions for the 2009 M w = 7.3 Swan Islands fault strike-slip earthquake and the 2012 M w = 7.3 El Salvador and M w = 7.4 Guatemala thrust-faulting earthquakes on the Middle America trench. Our simultaneous , time-dependent inversion of more than 350 000 daily GPS site positions gives the first jointly consistent estimates of the coseismic slips for all three earthquakes, their combined time-dependent post-seismic effects and secular station velocities corrected for both the co-seismic and post-seismic deformation. Our geodetic slip solutions for all three earthquakes agree with previous estimates that were derived via static coseismic-offset modelling. Our time-dependent model, which attributes all transient post-seismic deformation to earthquake afterslip, fits nearly all of the continuous GPS site position time-series within their several-millimetre position noise. Afterslip moments for the three earthquakes range from 35 to 140 per cent of the geodetic coseismic moments, with the largest afterslip estimated for the 2012 El Salvador earthquake along the weakly coupled El Salvador trench segment. Forward modelling of viscoelastic deformation triggered by all three earthquakes for a range of assumed mantle and lower crustal viscosities suggests that it accounts for under 20 per cent of the observed post-seismic deformation and possibly under 10 per cent. Our results thus point to afterslip as the primary and perhaps dominant mode of post-seismic deformation for these C The Author(s)
Published: 2018

15. A Numerically Efficient Method for Predicting the Scattering Characteristics of a Complex Metallic Target Located Inside a Large Forested Area

Author: L. Hettak, Hélène Roussel, Massimiliano Casaletti, Raj Mittra, Laboratoire d'Electronique et Electromagnétisme (L2E), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory (EMC Lab), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Index Terms— CBFM, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Basis function, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Method of moments (statistics), Geological & Geomatics Engineering, hybrid formulation, Foilage Penetrating (Fopen), law.invention, Optics, Dimension (vector space), law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radar, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Physics, Scattering, business.industry, Mathematical analysis, Linear system, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 15. Life on land, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Electromagnetic model, business
Abstract: International audience; An efficient electromagnetic model for the scattering analysis of targets placed in large natural environments is presented. A hybrid formulation combining volume and surface integral equations is used to describe forest environment (dielectric objects) in which metallic structures are present. A large part of the forest can be analyzed electromagnetically by using the characteristic basis function method, whose use enables us to simulate the problem at hand and significantly reduce the dimension of the linear system that needs to be solved.
Published: 2017

16. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013

Author: Meghan D. Mooney, Ken Takahashi, Andrea Stewart, Jonathan C Brown, Shireen Sindi, Amany H Refaat, Ruben Castro, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Kyle R. Heuton, Gillian M. Hansen, Chante Karimkhani, Bryan K. Phillips, Ibrahim Abubakar, Yohannes Kinfu, Victoria F Bachman, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Megan Coggeshall, Lucía Cuevas-Nasu, Yichong Li, Vineet K. Chadha, Andrew G. M. Bulloch, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Don C. Des Jarlais, Giancarlo Logroscino, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Jefferson G Fernandes, Cheng Huang, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Roderick J Hay, Itamar S. Santos, Zanfina Ademi, Fiona J Charlson, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Anwar Rafay, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Juanita A. Haagsma, Emmanuel A. Ameh, John J. McGrath, Massimo Cirillo, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Holly Hagan, Naohiro Yonemoto, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Dietrich Plass, Matias Trillini, David Phillips, Braden Te Ao, Wanqing Chen, Yun Jin Kim, David Rojas-Rueda, Christina Papachristou, Andrew E. Moran, Richard A. Gosselin, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Soraya Seedat, Janet L Leasher, Belinda K Lloyd, Lorenzo Monasta, Bruno F. Sunguya, Eun-Kee Park, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Mohammad A. AlMazroa, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Young-Ho Khang, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Dima M. Qato, James Scott, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Luca Ronfani, Haidong Kan, Tasara T. Mazorodze, Murugesan Raju, Saeid Shahraz, Taavi Tillmann, Wang Wenzhi, Neil Pearce, Eric Y. Tenkorang, Aliya Naheed, Ferrán Catalá-López, Sudan Prasad Neupane, Emily Dansereau, Michael McKee, Derrick A Bennett, Mazeda Hossain, Paul S. F. Yip, Grant Nguyen, Norberto Perico, Miguel Angel Alegretti, Babak Eshrati, Boris Bikbov, Palwasha Anwari, Guoqing Hu, Amelia Bertozzi-Villa, Peter A. Meaney, Farshad Farzadfar, Svetlana Popova, Tara Templin, Hmwe H Kyu, Uche S. Uchendu, Kebede Deribe, Sergey Soshnikov, Nobhojit Roy, Daniel Kim, Ilana N. Ackerman, Homie Razavi, Leslie T. Cooper, Sandra Nolte, David T. Felson, John J Huang, Yang Liu, Fiorella Cavalleri, Adrian Davis, Héctor Gómez Dantés, Klara Dokova, Yuantao Hao, Catalina Medina, Austin E Schumacher, Stan Biryukov, Jane Rowley, Arindam Basu, Jose C. Adsuar, Rosana E. Norman, Yousef Khader, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Sukanta Saha, Simón Barquera, Diego Gonzalez-Medina, Philip B. Mitchell, Lars Barregard, Haidong Wang, Yongmei Li, Ami R. Moore, Marie Ng, Raghib Ali, Peter T. Serina, Lijing L Yan, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ricky Leung, Michelle L. Bell, Tim Driscoll, Azmeraw T. Amare, Farshad Pourmalek, Tea Lallukka, Benjamin O Anderson, Raimundas Lunevicius, Corine Karema, Robert G. Weintraub, Erin C Mullany, Anders Larsson, Glen Mola, Paulo A. Lotufo, Luke Nyakarahuka, Sayed Saidul Alam, Louisa Degenhardt, Hugh R. Taylor, E. Ray Dorsey, Suzanne Polinder, Hilton Lam, Urbano Fra Paleo, David Zonies, Rahman Shiri, Marco A Avila, Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Katya Anne Shackelford, Lynne Gaffikin, Konstantin Kazanjan, Mark T Mackay, Jasvinder A. Singh, Bryan L. Sykes, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Chantal Huynh, Rakhi Dandona, Logan Sandar, Lavanya Singh, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Theo Vos, Steven E. Lipshultz, Coen H. Van Gool, Peggy P. Chiang, Mark G. Shrime, Christopher J L Murray, Scott Weichenthal, Jae-Hyun Park, Samia Alhabib, Philimon Gona, Christian Kieling, Yuichiro Yano, Ronny Westerman, Thomas Truelsen, Rajeev Gupta, Megan Bohensky, Abdullatif Husseini, Qing Lan, Luke D. Knibbs, Yousef M. Elshrek, H. Ross Anderson, Guohong Jiang, Madeline L. Moyer, Vinod K. Paul, Wim H. van Brakel, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Kara Estep, Lalit Dandona, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Ying Jiang, Joseph A Wagner, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, In-Hwan Oh, Siyi Shangguan, Noela M. Prasad, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Gokalp Kadri Yentur, Hilda L Harb, Elena Alvarez, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Mustafa Z. Younis, Herbert C. Duber, Erica Leigh Slepak, George A. Mensah, Knud Juel, Graeme J. Hankey, Natan M. Bornstein, Martha Híjar, Johan Ärnlöv, Mohamed Hsairi, Katherine T. Lofgren, Murray B. Stein, Renata Micha, Luigi Naldi, Margreet ten Have, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Kyle J Foreman, Kenji Shibuya, F. Gerry R. Fowkes, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Rana J. Asghar, Karen M. Tabb, Kovin Naidoo, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Honglei Chen, Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Rasmus Havmoeller, Yukito Shinohara, Bongani M. Mayosi, Ernst J Kuipers, Konrad Pesudovs, Mouhanad Hammami, Lee Richardson, Rintaro Mori, Thomas D. Fleming, Pouria Heydarpour, Stephen G. Waller, Nicholas Graetz, Chanda Kulkarni, Peter Brooks, Gulfaraz Khan, Marcel Tanner, Van C. Lansingh, François Alla, Jamie Hancock, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Neeraj Bedi, Anthony D. Woolf, Tariku Jibat Beyene, Amanda W Pain, Eric L. 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A, Boyers, Lindsay N, Brayne, Carol E, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K, Briggs, Adam D, Brooks, Peter M, Brown, Jonathan C, Brugha, Traolach S, Buckle, Geoffrey C, Budke, Christine M, Bulloch, Andrew G, Campos Nonato, Ismael R, Carapetis, Jonathan R, Carpenter, David O, Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá López, Ferrán, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed Ochir, Odgerel, Christophi, Costas A, Coates, Matthew M, Coffeng, Luc E, Coggeshall, Megan S, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Leslie T, Coppola, Luis M, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Cuevas Nasu, Lucia, Dargan, Paul I, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Jarlais, Don C. De, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Diaz Torné, Cesar, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E. Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duber, Herbert C, Ebel, Beth E, Edmond, Karen M, Elshrek, Yousef M, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fay, Derek F, Feigin, Valery L, Felson, David T, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Ferrari, Alize J, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fleming, Thomas D, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fowkes, F. Gerry R, Paleo, Urbano Fra, Franklin, Richard C, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gibney, Katherine B, González Medina, Diego, Gosselin, Richard A, Gotay, Carolyn C, Gouda, Hebe N, Gugnani, Harish C, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hafezi Nejad, Nima, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hankey, Graeme J, Hansen, Gillian M, Harb, Hilda L, Hay, Simon I, Hay, Roderick J, Heredia Pi, Ileana B, Heuton, Kyle R, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Huang, John J, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim M, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jensen, Paul N, Jonas, Jost B, Karema, Corine K, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin A, Khan, Ejaz A, Khang, Young Ho, Kinge, Jonas M, Knibbs, Luke D, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G. Anil, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lansingh, Van C, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E. B, Leasher, Janet L, Levitz, Carly E, Lim, Stephen S, Lipshultz, Steven E, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lofgren, Katherine T, Looker, Katharine J, Lortet Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lyons, Ronan A, Macintyre, Michael F, Mackay, Mark T, Margolis, David J, Marzan, Melvin B, Masci, Joseph R, Mashal, Mohammad T, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazorodze, Tasara T, Mcgill, Neil W, Mcgrath, John J, Meaney, Peter A, Melaku, Yohannes A, Memish, Ziad A, Mensah, George A, Mhimbira, Francis A, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohammad, Karzan A, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen L. D, Montine, Thomas J, Mooney, Meghan D, Moore, Ami R, Moradi Lakeh, Maziar, Moran, Andrew E, Moturi, Wilkister N, Moyer, Madeline L, Msemburi, William T, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mullany, Erin C, Murdoch, Michele E, Murthy, Kinnari S, Naidoo, Kovin S, Narayan, K. M. Venkat, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Nisar, Muhammad I, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Oh, In Hwan, Ohno, Summer L, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Park, Eun Kee, Park, Jae Hyun, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pereira, David M, Perez Padilla, Rogelio, Perez Ruiz, Fernando, Peterson, Carrie B, Phillips, Michael R, Phillips, Bryan K, Phillips, David E, Piel, Frédéric B, Poulton, Richie G, Prasad, Noela M, Pullan, Rachel L, Qato, Dima M, Quistberg, D. Alex, Rahman, Sajjad U, Rana, Saleem M, Reddy, K. Srinath, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Roberts, D. Allen, Rojas Rueda, David, Roth, Gregory A, Rothstein, David H, Rowley, Jane T, Ruhago, George M, Saeedi, Mohammad Y, Sampson, Uchechukwu K. A, Sanabria, Juan R, Santos, Itamar S, Schneider, Ione J, Schumacher, Austin E, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serina, Peter T, Servan Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya A, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Steiner, Timothy J, Stovner, Lars J, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Taylor, Hugh R, Ao, Braden J. Te, Temesgen, Awoke M, Tenkorang, Eric Y, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Thorne Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tran, Bach X, Tuzcu, Emin M, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uzun, Selen B, Van Brakel, Wim H, van Gool, Coen H, Vasankari, Tommi J, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy V, Wagner, Gregory R, Waller, Stephen G, Warouw, Tati S, Weintraub, Robert G, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Thomas N, Wolfe, Charles D, Wolock, Timothy M, Woolf, Anthony D, Yan, Lijing L, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yoon, Seok Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaki, Maysaa E, Salomon, Joshua A, Lopez, Alan D, Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] ( STFC ), Science & Technologie Facilities Council, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation ( APEMAC ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidemiologie Clinique/essais Cliniques Nancy, Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Karolinska Institute, karolinska institute, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas ( CEAZA ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux ( LIM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Computer Science Department [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) ( SRI-B ), Multimedia Research Center ( MRC ), University of Alberta [Edmonton], Division of Biostatistics ( Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], Laboratory of Neurologic Diseases, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, University of Southampton [Southampton], Imperial College London, Neurology Department, Ichilov Medical Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 ( InTRu ), Université de Tours, Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Parasitology, STAR laboratory, Stanford University [Stanford], Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires ( VIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore ( NUS ), Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Swansea University, Department of Computer Sciences [Scheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry, University of Glasgow, King‘s College London, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Science Politique ( UP1 UFR11 ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ), National Diagnostics Centre ( NDC ), National University of Ireland [Galway] ( NUI Galway ), Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit ( MANCHESTER - Arthritis Research ), University of Manchester [Manchester], CEGOT - Porto, Universidade do Porto [Porto], Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] ( ALES ), Department of Biology [Miami], University of Miami [Coral Gables], Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], GEMMA — Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] ( UPC ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique ( INRAP ), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP-Tunisie), University of Connecticut ( UCONN ), Norwegian Institute for Air Research ( NILU ), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) ( FEMTO-ST ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques ( ENSMM ) -Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ), Tehran University, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg ( FAU ), Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Public Health Division, Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe ( SAGE ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University ( WSU ), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ( Phys-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse ( IRIT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Computer Science - China University of Geosciences (China University of Geosciences (East Area)), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci ( DRDO, INMAS ), Univ New Delhi, University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Cape Town, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Daejeon] (Chungnam National University), Lawrence University, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tata Research Development and Design Center ( TRDDC ), TCS Innovation Labs, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou [Angers] ( MOLTECH ANJOU ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Helsinki [Helsinki], Google Inc [Mountain View], Research at Google, Swedish Defense Research Agency ( FOI ), Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français ( CRIBS ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] ( LIST ), Southeast University [Jiangsu]-School of Computer Science and Engineering, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Business and Informatics, University of Boras, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering ( CAD Laboratory ), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Università degli studi di Bari, Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] ( Heudiasyc ), Université de Technologie de Compiègne ( UTC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of plant pathology and microbiology - centre for sustainable pest and disease management, Rothamsted Research, RGU, Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne ( CES ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Paris School of Economics ( PSE ), Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale ( IDSIA ), Università della Svizzera italiana ( USI ) -Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana [Manno] ( SUPSI ), Anaesthetics, Southampton University Hospital, Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa [Iowa City], College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Saudi Ministry of Health, Institut national des recherches agricoles du Bénin, Centre de Recherches agricoles du Sud, Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Unit of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), University of Virginia, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo', Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Department of Chemistry, Scientific Computing Research Unit, Department of dermatology, Milano University-Azienda Ospedaleria Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Department of epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University ( HKBU ), Département Optique ( OPT ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Department of Neurology Lunds University Hospital Lund, Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux ( SAMOVAR ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Télécom SudParis ( TSP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles ( RS2M ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Télécom SudParis ( TSP ), Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department - Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), World Health Organization, Nordic School of Public Health, The James Hutton Institute, Sero, Sero consulting, Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Disease Group, Department of Zoology, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Center for TeleInFrastruktur ( CTIF ), Aalborg University [Denmark] ( AAU ), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 ( STL ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dept.of Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Madras ( IIT Madras ), Istituto Mario Negri Bergamo, Centro Ricerche e Trapianti Villa Camozzi, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita ( UNESP ), Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine ( UGA UFRM ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Symantec, European Microsoft Innovation Center ( EMIC ), Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences ( LMPG ), Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Novartis institute for tropical diseases, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Departments of Ophthalmology, Departments of Applied Physics [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Center for Mathematical Modeling ( CMM ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] ( UEOH ), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [New Delhi], Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ( IIT Delhi ), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre ( IRPHE ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GlaxoSmithKline, Imperial College London-Clinical Imaging Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine-Yale School of Medicine-Yale Stem Cell Center, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Nanoscience Institute ( NEST ), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology ( LICB ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), Institute of Human Genetics, Bonn Universität [Bonn], Occupational Health Unit, Bologna University Hospital-Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] ( KTH ), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] ( LMU ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, NICTA [Eveleigh], National ICT Australia [Sydney] ( NICTA ), Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques ( IHPST ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam ( GFZ ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique ( GeM ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Neurorestoration Group, King‘s College London-Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Department of Computer Science [KAIST] ( CS ), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops N Chi, Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] (STFC), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Weill Cornell Medicine [Qatar], Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) (SRI-B), Multimedia Research Center (MRC), University of Alberta, Division of Biostatistics (Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, University of Southampton, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 (InTRu), Université de Tours (UT), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stanford University, Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National University of Singapore (NUS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Science Politique (UP1 UFR11), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), National Diagnostics Centre (NDC), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit (MANCHESTER - Arthritis Research), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] (ALES), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Oxford, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Tehran, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe (SAGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The George Washington University (GW), Washington State University (WSU), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci (DRDO, INMAS), School of Physics and Astronomy [St Andrews], Tata Research Development and Design Center (TRDDC), MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] (LIST), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (CAD Laboratory), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI)-Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana = University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland [Manno] (SUPSI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Département Optique (OPT), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux (SAMOVAR), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles (TSP - RS2M), University of Melbourne, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Microsoft Innovation Center (EMIC), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences (LMPG), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Mathematical Modeling (CMM), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale University [New Haven]-Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Nanoscience Institute (NEST), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology (LICB), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), National ICT Australia [Sydney] (NICTA), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [KAIST] (CS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Kardiyoloji, Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Science Politique (UP1 UFR11), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (Ariana, Tunisie) (INRAP), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), George Washington University (GW), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), MOLTECH-ANJOU (MOLTECH-ANJOU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI)-Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana [Manno] (SUPSI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles (RS2M), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Yale University [New Haven]-Yale University School of Medicine, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Grelier, Elisabeth, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Universidade do Porto, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI)-Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana [Manno] (SUPSI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Bretagne-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-CHU Limoges-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases-King‘s College London, Cell biology, Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Erasmus MC other, Pathology, and Cardiothoracic Surgery
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, CHANGING RELATION, Nutrition and Disease, MESH : Life Expectancy, MESH : Aged, ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT, Poison control, MESH: Global Health, Global Health, Socioeconomic Factor, Communicable Disease, MESH : Chronic Disease, Health Transition, Voeding en Ziekte, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, SELF-RATED HEALTH, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, Medicine, MESH : Female, MESH: Mortality, Premature, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Aged, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, Mortality rate, Medicine (all), GBD2013 diseases, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, MESH : Wounds and Injuries, Epidemiological transition, MESH: Quality-Adjusted Life Years, MESH: Communicable Diseases, NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, MESH: Life Expectancy, MESH: Health Transition, Human, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, MESH : Male, MORTALITY TRENDS, Population, MESH : Health Transition, Communicable Diseases, Article, Life Expectancy, EUROPEAN-UNION, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Disability-adjusted life year, Humans, Life Science, MESH : Middle Aged, Mortality, education, Premature, MESH : Mortality, Premature, VLAG, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Mortality, Premature, MESH: Chronic Disease, MESH : Communicable Diseases, Wounds and Injurie, MESH : Humans, MESH : Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Non-communicable disease, Chronic Disease, Socioeconomic Factors, Wounds and Injuries, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, LOW SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS, Years of potential life lost, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Wounds and Injuries, Life expectancy, RISK-FACTORS, MESH : Global Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract: Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age–sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. Methods We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. Findings Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6–6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0–65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0–71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9–5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5–59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7–64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3–7·4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26·7% (24·6–29·1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non–communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries. Interpretation Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition—in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden—is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. METHODS: We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. FINDINGS: Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6-6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0-65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0-71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9-5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5-59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7-64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3-7·4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26·7% (24·6-29·1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non-communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries. INTERPRETATION: Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition-in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden-is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2015

17. Effects of Phosphor Persistence on High-Speed Imaging of Transient Luminous Events

Author: Sebastien Celestin, Matthew G. McHarg, Victor P. Pasko, Jianqi Qin, Steven A. Cummer, Hans C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory [PennState] (CSSL), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Durham] (ECE), Duke University [Durham], Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, US Air Force Academy, and University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF)
Subjects: sprite streamers, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], high-speed imaging, business.industry, Image intensifier, Phosphor, Deconvolution, Condensed Matter Physics, transient luminous events, law.invention, Optical phenomena, plasma discharges, Optics, Sprite (lightning), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], law, Temporal resolution, Thunderstorm, Halo, phosphor persistence, business
Abstract: International audience; High-speed intensified cameras are commonly used to observe and study the transient luminous events known as sprite halos and sprite streamers occurring in the Earth's upper atmosphere in association with thunderstorm activity. In such observations, the phosphor persistence in the image intensifier, depending on its characteristic decay time, might lead to a significant distortion of the optical signals recorded by those cameras. In this paper, we analyze the observational data obtained using different camera systems to discuss the effects of phosphor persistence on high-speed video observations of sprites, and introduce a deconvolution technique to effectively reduce such effects. The discussed technique could also be used to enhance the high-speed images of other transient optical phenomena in the case when the phosphor persistence has a characteristic decay time that is comparable with the temporal resolution of the cameras required to resolve the phenomena.
Published: 2015

18. Hybrid Formulation for the Electromagnetic Analysis of Metallic Objects Placed in Natural Environments

Author: Lydia Hettak, Helene Roussel, Massimiliano Casaletti, Cyril Dahon, Raj Mittra, Laboratoire d'Electronique et Electromagnétisme (L2E), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory (EMC Lab), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Computer science, business.industry, Scattering, Acoustics, Linear system, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Method of moments (statistics), Natural (archaeology), [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Optics, Dimension (vector space), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract: The main objective of our work is to develop an efficient model for the electromagnetic scattering from large scenes composed by targets (metallic objects) placed in natural environment (dielectric objects). A hybrid volume/surface model is used to describe both forest environments and metallic structures. Large portion of forest can be analyzed using a CBFM approach able to significantly reduce the dimension of the linear system that has to be solved.
Published: 2017

19. Priority for the worse-off and the social cost of carbon

Author: David Anthoff, Gregory G. Garner, Klaus Keller, Nicolas Treich, Valentina Bosetti, Matthew D. Adler, Duke University School of Law, Energy & Resources Grp, Dept Econ, Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Princeton University, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: PRIORITISM, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Distribution (economics), Social Welfare, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, PRIORITISM, WELFARE ECONOMICS, stern, Microeconomics, co2 emissions, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, risk-aversion, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, us, business.industry, Ecology, WELFARE ECONOMICS, Corporate governance, Social cost, 05 social sciences, view, 1. No poverty, methodology, economics, Social welfare function, defense, 13. Climate action, climate-change, Well-being, Prioritarianism, Time preference, business, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: The social cost of carbon (SCC) is a key tool in climate policy. The SCC expresses in monetary terms the social impact of the emission of a ton of CO2 in a given year. The SCC is calculated using a 'social welfare function' (SWF): a method for assessing social welfare. The dominant SWF in climate policy is the discounted-utilitarian SWF. Individuals' well-being numbers (utilities) are summed, and the values for later generations are reduced ('discounted'). This SWF has been criticized for ignoring the distribution of well-being and including an arbitrary time preference. Here, we use a 'prioritarian' SWF, with no time discount, to calculate the SCC. This SWF gives extra weight ('priority') to worse-off individuals. Prioritarianism is a well-developed concept in ethics and welfare economics, but has been rarely used in climate scholarship. We find substantial differences between the discounted-utilitarian and non-discounted prioritarian SCCs.
Published: 2017

20. Effects of dark chocolate and cocoa consumption on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in overweight adults

Author: Amy G. Preston, Molly D. McIntyre, Sheila G. West, Lisa F. Groves, Nathalie Poupin, Debra L. Miller, Matthew J. Piotrowski, Paul R Wagner, Ann C. Skulas-Ray, Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Hershey Company, Partenaires INRAE, and The present study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant M01 RR 10732 and funded by The Hershey Company
Subjects: Male, Brachial Artery, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Saturated fat, Medicine (miscellaneous), Blood Pressure, Vasodilation, Hyperaemia, Insulin, flow-mediated dilation, Brachial artery, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, chocolate, food and beverages, Fasting, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Cardiovascular Diseases, cocoa, Female, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, endothelium, Hyperemia, Dark chocolate, Sex Factors, Vascular Stiffness, food, Insulin resistance, Double-Blind Method, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Flavonoids, Cacao, business.industry, medicine.disease, food.food, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, Arterial stiffness, Endothelium, Vascular, Plant Preparations, Insulin Resistance, business, Phytotherapy
Abstract: The consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate is associated with a lower risk of CVD, and improvements in endothelial function may mediate this relationship. Less is known about the effects of cocoa/chocolate on the augmentation index (AI), a measure of vascular stiffness and vascular tone in the peripheral arterioles. We enrolled thirty middle-aged, overweight adults in a randomised, placebo-controlled, 4-week, cross-over study. During the active treatment (cocoa) period, the participants consumed 37 g/d of dark chocolate and a sugar-free cocoa beverage (total cocoa = 22 g/d, total flavanols (TF) = 814 mg/d). Colour-matched controls included a low-flavanol chocolate bar and a cocoa-free beverage with no added sugar (TF = 3 mg/d). Treatments were matched for total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates and protein. The cocoa treatment significantly increased the basal diameter and peak diameter of the brachial artery by 6 % (+2 mm) and basal blood flow volume by 22 %. Substantial decreases in the AI, a measure of arterial stiffness, were observed in only women. Flow-mediated dilation and the reactive hyperaemia index remained unchanged. The consumption of cocoa had no effect on fasting blood measures, while the control treatment increased fasting insulin concentration and insulin resistance (P= 0·01). Fasting blood pressure (BP) remained unchanged, although the acute consumption of cocoa increased resting BP by 4 mmHg. In summary, the high-flavanol cocoa and dark chocolate treatment was associated with enhanced vasodilation in both conduit and resistance arteries and was accompanied by significant reductions in arterial stiffness in women.
Published: 2013

21. Design, implementation and interpretation of in vitro batch culture experiments to assess enteric methane mitigation in ruminants-a review

Author: Zhongtang Yu, Angela Schwarm, Christopher K. Reynolds, Alexander N. Hristov, Diego P. Morgavi, Padraig O'Kiely, Ermias Kebreab, David R. Yáñez-Ruiz, Jan Dijkstra, K. J. Shingfield, André Bannink, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Animal Science, University of California, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, University of Reading (UOR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, INIA (Spain) MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ, Ministry of Economic Affairs (The Netherlands, project Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouses Gases) BO-20-007-006, USDA-NIFA (USA)French National Research Agency through the program FACCE-JPI program, Agricultural GHG Research Initiative for Ireland (AGRI-I), Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (UK), BLW (Switzerland), Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland 281337, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ministry of Economic Affairs (The Netherlands), and Academy of Finland
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Rumen, In Vitro Techniques, Animal Nutrition, Dairy & Animal Science, Mitigation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Enteric methane, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Volatile fatty acids, Animal Production, In vivo measurements, Microbial inoculum, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Animal species, 2. Zero hunger, International research, business.industry, Chemistry, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diervoeding, 3. Good health, Biotechnology, 030104 developmental biology, In vitro gas production, 13. Climate action, WIAS, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Feed evaluation, Methane
Abstract: In vitro fermentation techniques (IVFT) have been widely used to evaluate the nutritive value of feeds for ruminants and in the last decade to assess the effect of different nutritional strategies on methane (CH4) production. However, many technical factors may influence the results obtained. The present review has been prepared by the 'Global Network' FACCE-JPI international research consortium to provide a critical evaluation of the main factors that need to be considered when designing, conducting and interpreting IVFT experiments that investigate nutritional strategies to mitigate CH emission from ruminants. Given the increasing and wide-scale use of IVFT, there is a need to critically review reports in the literature and establish what criteria are essential to the establishment and implementation of in vitro techniques. Key aspects considered include: i) donor animal species and number of animal used, ii) diet fed to donor animals, iii) collection and processing of rumen fluid as inoculum, iv) choice of substrate and incubation buffer, v) incubation procedures and CH measurements, vi) headspace gas composition and vii) comparability of in vitro and in vivo measurements. Based on an evaluation of experimental evidence, a set of technical recommendations are presented to harmonize IVFT for feed evaluation, assessment of rumen function and CH production., This review is part of the FACCE-JPI ‘Global Network’ project and the ‘Feeding and Nutrition Network’ of Livestock Research Group, in the Global Research Alliance for Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (www.globalresearchalliance.org). Authors acknowledge national funding from INIA (Spain, project MIT01-GLOBALNET-EEZ), the Ministry of Economic Affairs (The Netherlands; project Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouses Gases, BO-20-007-006), USDA-NIFA (USA), French National Research Agency through the program FACCE-JPI program, the Irish contribution to this JPI-FACCE project was funded by the Agricultural GHG Research Initiative for Ireland (AGRI-I), Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (UK), BLW (Switzerland) and Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland (Project 281337).
Published: 2016

22. PD13-01 LOSS OF FOXA1 EXPRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE PATHOLOGIC FEATURES AND INFERIOR ONCOLOGIC OUTCOMES FOLLOWING RADICAL NEPHROURETERECTOMY

Author: David J. DeGraff, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Jay D. Raman, Karim Bensalah, Yair Lotan, Vitaly Margulis, Mesut Remzi, Andrea Haitel, Payal Kapur, Christopher P. Wood, Lauren Shuman, Christian Bolenz, Alon Z. Weizer, Nathalie Rioux-Ceclerq, Jose A. Karam, Laura-Maria Krabbe, Marco Roscigno, Joshua I. Warrick, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Department of Urology, Hospital Weinviertel-Korneuburg-Landesklinikum Korneuburg, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Service d'urologie [Rennes] = Urology [Rennes], Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Mannheim Medical Center, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas]- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Urologic Oncology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Urology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Expression (architecture), Internal medicine, Medicine, FOXA1, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; no abstract
Published: 2016

23. Carbon science in 2016: Status, challenges and perspectives

Author: Elzbieta Frackowiak, Yern Seung Kim, Yongsheng Chen, Mauricio Terrones, Yuan Chen, Marc Monthioux, Toshiaki Enoki, Nikhil Koratkar, Robert H. Hurt, Jin Zhang, Alberto Bianco, Chong Rae Park, Rahul Mukherjee, Peking University [Beijing], Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Matériaux Multi-fonctionnels et Multi-échelles (CEMES-M3), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brown University, Poznan University of Technology (PUT), Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), The University of Sydney, Nankai University (NKU), Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Transparent conductors, 02 engineering and technology, Lightweight materials, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Isomers, Aircraft materials, Alternative energy technologies, Stereochemistry, Energy transformation, Chemical vapor deposition, General Materials Science, Chirality, Fuel cells, Supercapacitor, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nanotubes, Catalysts, Nanoribbons, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution control, Synthesis (chemical), Thermodynamics, Interface thermodynamics, 0210 nano-technology, Graphene nanoribbons, Materials science, Phase separation, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 010402 general chemistry, Yarn, Carbon dioxide reduction, Fighter aircraft, Transparent conducting film, Hydrogen production, Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, Polymer phase separation, business.industry, General Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical vapor depositions (CVD), chemistry, Carbon dioxide, 13. Climate action, Alternative energy, business, Carbon
Abstract: cited By 66; International audience; Several researchers share their perspective on the status and challenges faced by the carbon science in 2016. In addition to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and hydrosolvo/thermal processes, alternative innovative growth techniques of these hypothetical 3D solids should now be a focus for carbon researchers. Recently, it has been demonstrated that graphene nanoribbons with specific diameters and nanotubes with desired helicity could be synthesized by careful polymerization of aromatic molecules. New theoretical studies using the nanotube/catalyst interface thermodynamics and the kinetic growth theories have widened the understanding of chirality selectivity towards near-armchair tubes. In 2013, a novel method based on aqueous-two polymer phase separation has emerged as an easily accessible and versatile approach for sorting nanotubes which is promising for low-cost scalable production of high-purity SWCNTs. Gel chromatograph based separation methods have also yielded high-purity single chirality optical isomers. New carbon materials are key components in alternative energy technologies that include electrodes for batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and electrolytic cells for hydrogen production from water. They are also of interest as transparent conductors in solar cells, bipolar plates in fuel cells, lightweight materials that save energy in aircraft and automotive operations, and catalysts or catalyst supports for energy transformations that include carbon dioxide reduction into fuels and commercial chemicals.
Published: 2016

24. The Neurobiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite

Author: Ralph Norgren, Simon N. Thornton, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Donald W. Pfaff, and Nora D. Volkow
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 0303 health sciences, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Sodium, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, Appetite, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Thirst, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, medicine, medicine.symptom, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

25. Farmer Field Schools in Rural Kenya: A Transformative Learning Experience

Author: Edward W. Taylor, Esbern Friis-Hansen, Deborah Duveskog, Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Danish Institute for International Studies, Adult Education Doctoral Program, Penn State Harrisburg, and Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Subjects: Economic growth, Transformative learning, Agriculture, business.industry, Field (Bourdieu), Agricultural education, Citizen journalism, Social Sciences & Humanities, Sociology, Development, business, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; As participatory agricultural education increases in use, knowledge is needed of its impact on the daily lives of the participants beyond benefits for farming. The purpose of this study was to explore the case of Farmer Field Schools (FFS) under the lens of transformative learning theory, in order to understand the impact that participatory and group-based learning can have on the lives of participants. The findings revealed significant impacts demonstrated by a personal transformation, changes in gender roles and relations, customs and traditions, and community relations, and an increase in household economic development. The implications are relevant both within the fields of rural development and for transformative learning theory.
Published: 2011

26. Predictive factors of recurrence and survival of upper tract urothelial carcinomas

Author: Vitaly Margulis, Jay D. Raman, Thomas F. Chromecki, Morgan Rouprêt, Mesut Remzi, Douglas S. Scherr, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Gregory Verhoest, Karim Bensalah, Christian Seitz, Giacomo Novara, Service d'urologie [Rennes] = Urology [Rennes], Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Department of Urology, Cornell University Medical College, Division of Medical Oncology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Medical University Graz, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas]- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, Hospital Weinviertel-Korneuburg-Landesklinikum Korneuburg, Service d'Urologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), De Villemeur, Hervé, Service d'urologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service d'urologie et transplantation rénales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: MESH: Carcinoma, Male, Oncology, predictive factors, Lymphovascular invasion, 030232 urology & nephrology, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 0302 clinical medicine, nephro-ureterectomy, Stage (cooking), Lymph node, urothelial carcinoma, MESH: Urologic Surgical Procedures, MESH: Urologic Neoplasms, Standard treatment, Prognosis, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, 3. Good health, Survival Rate, medicine.anatomical_structure, upper tract, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Predictive value of tests, Urologic Surgical Procedures, Female, MESH: Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Urologic Neoplasms, medicine.medical_specialty, recurrence, MESH: Survival Rate, Urology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, MESH: Prognosis, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Clinical significance, Survival rate, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Urothelium, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, MESH: Male, transitional carcinoma, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Urothelium, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: UTUCC is a rare tumor, and most reports on prognostic factors come from small single-center series. The objective of this article was to provide an updated overview of current clinical, pathological and biological prognostic factors of UTUC. METHODS: PubMed was searched for records from 2002 to 2010 using the terms "prognostic factors", "recurrence", "survival", and "upper tract urothelial carcinoma". Among identified citations, papers were selected based on their clinical relevance. RESULTS: Classical clinical factors that influence UTUC prognosis include age, presence of symptoms, hydronephrosis, and interval from diagnosis. Many biomarkers have shown promises to better appraise the natural course of UTUC although none is currently used in clinical practice. Stage, grade, lymph node metastases, lymphovascular invasion, tumor necrosis, and tumor architecture are strong pathological parameters. RNU is the standard treatment of localized UTUC. Both laparoscopic and open approaches seem to offer similar cancer control. Lymph node dissection increases staging accuracy and might confer a survival benefit. CONCLUSION: RNU is the standard treatment for most patients with UTUC. Recent multicenter studies confirmed the prognostic value of classical prognostic parameters. Better survival prediction might be obtained with prognostic systems including clinical data and new biomarkers.
Published: 2011

27. CloudSat as a Global Radar Calibrator

Author: Johannes Verlinde, Ewan O'Connor, Dominique Bouniol, H. Klein Baltink, Kevin B. Widener, Alain Protat, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research (CAWCR), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Reading (UOR), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Early-warning radar, Meteorology, Backscatter, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Ocean Engineering, Cloud computing, 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 01 natural sciences, Space-based radar, law.invention, Radar engineering details, law, Clouds, Calibration, Radar, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Radar observations, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Environmental science, Satellite, business
Abstract: The calibration of the CloudSat spaceborne cloud radar has been thoroughly assessed using very accurate internal link budgets before launch, comparisons with predicted ocean surface backscatter at 94 GHz, direct comparisons with airborne cloud radars, and statistical comparisons with ground-based cloud radars at different locations of the world. It is believed that the calibration of CloudSat is accurate to within 0.5–1 dB. In the present paper it is shown that an approach similar to that used for the statistical comparisons with ground-based radars can now be adopted the other way around to calibrate other ground-based or airborne radars against CloudSat and/or to detect anomalies in long time series of ground-based radar measurements, provided that the calibration of CloudSat is followed up closely (which is the case). The power of using CloudSat as a global radar calibrator is demonstrated using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement cloud radar data taken at Barrow, Alaska, the cloud radar data from the Cabauw site, Netherlands, and airborne Doppler cloud radar measurements taken along the CloudSat track in the Arctic by the Radar System Airborne (RASTA) cloud radar installed in the French ATR-42 aircraft for the first time. It is found that the Barrow radar data in 2008 are calibrated too high by 9.8 dB, while the Cabauw radar data in 2008 are calibrated too low by 8.0 dB. The calibration of the RASTA airborne cloud radar using direct comparisons with CloudSat agrees well with the expected gains and losses resulting from the change in configuration that required verification of the RASTA calibration.
Published: 2011

28. GATB: Genome Assembly & Analysis Tool Box

Author: Claire Lemaitre, Pierre Peterlongo, Rayan Chikhi, Dominique Lavenier, Guillaume Rizk, Erwan Drezen, Charles Deltel, Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, ANR-12-EMMA- 0019-01, ANR-12-EMMA-0019,GATB,Boite à outils ' Assemblage pour la Génomique '(2012), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Statistics and Probability, Theoretical computer science, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Sequence assembly, Genomics, Biostatistics, Biochemistry, Genome, Software, Computer Graphics, Humans, Molecular Biology, Genome, Human, business.industry, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genome Analysis, Data structure, Applications Notes, Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Computer architecture, Graph (abstract data type), Human genome, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], business, Algorithms
Abstract: Motivation: Efficient and fast next-generation sequencing (NGS) algorithms are essential to analyze the terabytes of data generated by the NGS machines. A serious bottleneck can be the design of such algorithms, as they require sophisticated data structures and advanced hardware implementation. Results: We propose an open-source library dedicated to genome assembly and analysis to fasten the process of developing efficient software. The library is based on a recent optimized de-Bruijn graph implementation allowing complex genomes to be processed on desktop computers using fast algorithms with low memory footprints. Availability and implementation: The GATB library is written in C++ and is available at the following Web site http://gatb.inria.fr under the A-GPL license. Contact: lavenier@irisa.fr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Published: 2014

29. Longitudinal evaluation of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire in patients with kidney stones

Author: Jay D. Raman, Chester J. Donnally, Yair Lotan, Karim Bensalah, Amit Gupta, Altug Tuncel, Margaret S. Pearle, Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas]- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Service d'urologie [Rennes] = Urology [Rennes], Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Department of Urologic Oncology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Service d'urologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, Time Factors, Medical therapy, Health Status, 030232 urology & nephrology, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Stone disease, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Urolithiasis, Quality of life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Longitudinal Studies, Survey, MESH: Longitudinal Studies, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Health Status, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, Middle Aged, Monitor quality, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, SF-36, Urology, Kidney Calculi, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Kidney Calculi, MESH: United States, medicine, Humans, In patient, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Questionnaires, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Quality of Life, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Mental health, United States, MESH: Male, Physical therapy, Kidney stones, business, Endourology, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Although the 36-Item Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36) has been utilized to assess quality of life (QoL) in cross-sectional studies, no longitudinal studies have evaluated this instrument in stone formers. Hence, we evaluated the performance of the SF-36 over time in a group of stone formers. From January to May 2007, the SF-36 was administered by independent interviewers to 155 patients with a history of stones, and 96 individuals subsequently completed a second questionnaire at a median interval of 18 months (10.3-28.5 months). Subjects were asked to report changes in stone status, interval procedures, and significant non-stone related changes. Changes in individual and composite scores of SF-36 were compared. Among the 96 patients who completed two SF-36 surveys, 75 patients denied experiencing a stone episode within the month preceding their initial or follow-up SF-36 form. No statistically significant differences in any of the SF-36 domains or the aggregate physical or mental health composite scores over time were noted in these patients. A total of 18 patients reported a stone event within the month preceding completion of the initial questionnaire but no stone event prior to the follow-up survey. No clinically or statistically significant changes in any of the SF-36 domains between the first and follow-up questionnaire were seen among these 18 patients. The results show the stability of the SF-36 over time in patients with no change in their stone status. However, the absence of significant changes in the SF-36 despite a change in stone status suggests that the SF-36 may not be an adequate tool to monitor quality of life over time in stone patients. Validated, disease-specific questionnaires are needed to facilitate comparison of treatment strategies for stone disease.
Published: 2010

30. Uninterrupted rivaroxaban vs. uninterrupted vitamin K antagonists for catheter ablation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Author: L. Eugene Fields, Gerald V. Naccarelli, Christian de Chillou, Burkhard J. Hügl, Richard Balasubramaniam, Andrea Natale, Riccardo Cappato, Darryl S. Wells, Johan Vijgen, Susanne Hess, Stefan H. Hohnloser, George Juang, David J. Wilber, Francis E. Marchlinski, C.S. Ma, D. Wyn Davies, Jim Xiang, Centro Cardiologico Monzino [Milano], Dpt di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità [Milano] (DISCCO), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI)-Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI)-Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Second Arrhytmia and EP Unit (SA and EP Unit - BERGAMO), GAVAZZENI Hospital, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology (SCE - PHILADELPHIA), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Division of Clinical Electrophysiology (DCE - FRANKFURT), J.W.Goethe University Hospital, Heart and Vascular Institute (HVI - HERSHEY), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Biostatistics and Programming (Biostat Program - Janssen Research), Janssen Research & Development, Department of Cardiology, Loyola University [Chicago], Cardiology Division (Cardio Div - BEIJING), Capital Medical University, Beijing, Medical Affairs (MA - BAYER), Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc [Whippany], Cardiac Electrophysiology (Card Electro - SEATTLE), Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Heart and Arrhythmia, Heart and Arrhythmia Care of New York (HACNW), Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology (Div Card Elec - HASSELT), JESSA HOSPITALS, Department of Cardiology and Rhythmology (Dep Card Rhythmo - NEUWIED), Marienhaus Klinikum St Elisabeth (MK St Elisabeth), Department of Cardiology (Dep Cardio - BOURNEMOUTH), Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Service de Cardiologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Waller Department of Cardiology (Waller Dep Cardiol - LONDON), Imperial College London, Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs, Janssen EMEA, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute (Texas Card Arrh Ins - AUSTIN), and St David's Medical Center (St D Med Center - AUSTIN)
Subjects: Male, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Vitamin K, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Operative Time, Activated clotting time, Blood Loss, Surgical, Catheter ablation, Drug Administration Schedule, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Rivaroxaban, Recurrence, Internal medicine, Thromboembolism, Atrial Fibrillation, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Single-Blind Method, Myocardial infarction, Prospective Studies, Stroke, medicine.diagnostic_test, Surrogate endpoint, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Pulmonary Veins, Anesthesia, Cardiology, Catheter Ablation, Oral anticoagulant, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Uninterrupted, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug, Factor Xa Inhibitors
Abstract: Aims VENTURE-AF is the first prospective randomized trial of uninterrupted rivaroxaban and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) undergoing catheter ablation (CA). Methods and results Trial size was administratively set at 250, the protocol-specified target. Events were independently and blindly adjudicated. We randomly assigned 248 NVAF patients to uninterrupted rivaroxaban (20 mg once-daily) or to an uninterrupted VKA prior to CA and for 4 weeks afterwards. The primary endpoint was major bleeding events after CA. Secondary endpoints included thromboembolic events (composite of stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, and vascular death) and other bleeding or procedure-attributable events. Patients were 59.5 ± 10 years of age, 71% male, 74% paroxysmal AF, and had a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1.6. The average total heparin dose used to manage activated clotting time (ACT) was slightly higher (13 871 vs. 10 964 units; P < 0.001) and the mean ACT level attained slightly lower (302 vs. 332 s; P < 0.001) in rivaroxaban and VKA arms, respectively. The incidence of major bleeding was low (0.4%; 1 major bleeding event). Similarly, thromboembolic events were low (0.8%; 1 ischemic stroke and 1 vascular death). All events occurred in the VKA arm and all after CA. The number of any adjudicated events (26 vs. 25), any bleeding events (21 vs. 18), and any other procedure-attributable events (5 vs. 5) were similar. Conclusion In patients undergoing CA for AF, the use of uninterrupted oral rivaroxaban was feasible and event rates were similar to those for uninterrupted VKA therapy. Name of the Trial Registry Clinicaltrials.gov trial registration number is [NCT01729871][1]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01729871&atom=%2Fehj%2F36%2F28%2F1805.atom
Published: 2015

31. Roaming charges for customers of cellular-wireless entrant providers

Author: Douglas Mercer, Christopher Griffin, George Kesidis, Serge Fdida, Department of Computer Science and Engineering [University Park], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences (LINCS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Networks and Performance Analysis (NPA), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Computer security, computer.software_genre, symbols.namesake, Nash equilibrium, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Revenue, Wireless, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Roaming, business, Telecommunications, computer, Barriers to entry
Abstract: International audience; We consider a simple two-player game involving a large incumbent and small entrant into a cellular wireless access provider marketplace. The entrant's customers must pay roaming charges. We assume that the roaming charges are regulated, because if they are dictated by the incumbent then they could be set so high so as to be a barrier to entry in the marketplace. The game is studied at its Nash equilibrium. A roaming charge is identified that is arguably fair in the sense that revenues for the access providers are proportionate to their infrastructure costs.
Published: 2015

32. In situ measurement of the acoustic performance of a full scale tramway low height noise barrier prototype

Author: Alexandre Jolibois, Jérôme Defrance, H Koreneff, Philippe Jean, Denis Duhamel, Victor W. Sparrow, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Graduate Program in Acoustics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
Subjects: Tramway noise, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Engineering, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, business.industry, Microphone, Acoustics, Attenuation, Electrical engineering, Full scale, In situ measurements, Track (rail transport), Noise, 11. Sustainability, Line (geometry), Low height noise barrier, Insertion loss, Boundary element method, business, Noise barrier
Abstract: International audience; The performance of a full scale low height barrier prototype meant to attenuate tramway noise is measured in situ. The prototype is made of a simple L-shape assembly of pressed wood boards covered on the source side with fibrous absorbing material, and has been set up temporarily in a residential area in the town of Saint-Martin-d'H` eres, near Grenoble, through which a tramway line passes. A series of pass-by measurements were made at a close receiver location corresponding to the typical height of human ears, with and without the device. The tram speed has been measured as well using an auxiliary microphone located very close to the track. A significant variability in pass-by levels has been found between the different trams, even when applying an approximate correction for speed. However it is shown that the barrier provides on average an attenuation of more than 10 dB(A), during the whole pass-by. Spectral analysis of the recorded signals is carried out as well to estimate the barrier insertion loss more accurately. Furthermore, comparisons between measurements and simplistic BEM calculations show that numerical predictions can yield rather good estimates of the actual in situ performance, within a few dB(A).
Published: 2015

33. A method for longitudinal, transcranial imaging of blood flow and remodeling of the cerebral vasculature in postnatal mice

Author: Victoria Chen, Gar Waterman, Annelise Letourneur, Patrick J. Drew, Hypoxie, physiopathologies cérébrovasculaire et tumorale ( CERVOxy ), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques des pathologies Cérébrales et Tumorales ( ISTCT ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania., PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania., Hypoxie, physiopathologies cérébrovasculaire et tumorale (CERVOxy), Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques des pathologies Cérébrales et Tumorales (ISTCT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood velocity, Multiple days, Cerebral vasculature, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Physiology, business.industry, two‐photon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], imaging, Blood flow, Longitudinal imaging, Cerebral circulation, Vascular network, Two-photon excitation microscopy, Physiology (medical), medicine, cardiovascular system, business, development, Original Research, Transcranial imaging
Abstract: In the weeks following birth, both the brain and the vascular network that supplies it undergo dramatic alteration. While studies of the postnatal evolution of the pial vasculature and blood flow through its vessels have been previously done histologically or acutely, here we describe a neonatal reinforced thin‐skull preparation for longitudinally imaging the development of the pial vasculature in mice using two‐photon laser scanning microscopy. Starting with mice as young as postnatal day 2 (P2), we are able to chronically image cortical areas >1 mm2, repeatedly for several consecutive days, allowing us to observe the remodeling of the pial arterial and venous networks. We used this method to measure blood velocity in individual vessels over multiple days, and show that blood flow through individual pial venules was correlated with subsequent diameter changes. This preparation allows the longitudinal imaging of the developing mammalian cerebral vascular network and its physiology., We developed a technique to longitudinally image blood vessels in the neonatal mouse cortex transcranially using two‐photon microscopy. The blood vessels on the surface of the brain undergo substantial pruning after birth. Blood flow through a vessel was correlated with the subsequent diameter change of the vessel.
Published: 2014

34. Clinical and safety outcomes associated with treatment of acute venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Lana A Castellucci, George A. Wells, Philip S. Wells, Doug Coyle, Marc A. Rodger, Marc Carrier, Tammy Clifford, Esteban Gandara, Grégoire Le Gal, Chris Cameron, Thrombosis Program, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Haematology, Clinical Epidemiology Program (PSW), The Ottawa Health Research Institute, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (OTTAWA - CADTH), Ottawa, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa-The Ottawa Hospital, and Department of Medecine (OTTAWA - Dpt Med)
Subjects: Risk, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Venous Thromboembolism/*drug therapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Low molecular weight heparin, Hemorrhage, Fondaparinux, Lower risk, Gastroenterology, Anticoagulants/adverse effects/*therapeutic use, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Edoxaban, Internal medicine, Hemorrhage/chemically induced, medicine, Humans, Rivaroxaban, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Antagonist, Anticoagulants, Venous Thromboembolism, General Medicine, 3. Good health, chemistry, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, Apixaban, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Many anticoagulant strategies are available for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism, yet little guidance exists regarding which drug is most effective and safe. To summarize and compare the efficacy and safety outcomes associated with 8 anticoagulation options (unfractionated heparin [UFH], low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH], or fondaparinux in combination with vitamin K antagonists); LMWH with dabigatran or edoxaban; rivaroxaban; apixaban; and LMWH alone) for treatment of venous thromboembolism. A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the evidence-based medicine reviews from inception through February 28, 2014. Eligible studies were randomized trials reporting rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding in patients with acute venous thromboembolism. Of the 1197 studies identified, 45 trials including 44,989 patients were included in the analyses. Two reviewers independently extracted trial-level data including number of patients, duration of follow-up, and outcomes. The data were pooled using network meta-analysis. The primary clinical and safety outcomes were recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding, respectively. Compared with the LMWH-vitamin K antagonist combination, a treatment strategy using the UFH-vitamin K antagonist combination was associated with an increased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.15-1.79). The proportion of patients experiencing recurrent venous thromboembolism during 3 months of treatment were 1.84% (95% CrI, 1.33%-2.51%) for the UFH-vitamin K antagonist combination and 1.30% (95% CrI, 1.02%-1.62%) for the LMWH-vitamin K antagonist combination. Rivaroxaban (HR, 0.55; 95% CrI, 0.35-0.89) and apixaban (HR, 0.31; 95% CrI, 0.15-0.62) were associated with a lower risk of bleeding than was the LMWH-vitamin K antagonist combination, with a lower proportion of patients experiencing a major bleeding event during 3 months of anticoagulation: 0.49% (95% CrI, 0.29%-0.85%) for rivaroxaban, 0.28% (95% CrI, 0.14%-0.50%) for apixaban, and 0.89% (95% CrI, 0.66%-1.16%) for the LMWH-vitamin K antagonist combination. Using meta-analytic pooling, there were no statistically significant differences for efficacy and safety associated with most treatment strategies used to treat acute venous thromboembolism compared with the LMWH-vitamin K antagonist combination. However, findings suggest that the UFH-vitamin K antagonist combination is associated with the least effective strategy and that rivaroxaban and apixaban may be associated with the lowest risk for bleeding.
Published: 2014

35. Summary of the 8th Annual Bladder Cancer Think Tank: Collaborating to move research forward

Author: Vitaly Margulis, Edward M. Messing, Surena F. Matin, Ashish M. Kamat, Angela B. Smith, Jason A. Efstathiou, Yair Lotan, Bogdan Czerniak, Donna E. Hansel, Matthew D. Galsky, Matthew L. Albert, Matthew Kaag, Vanessa A. Hoffman, Cheryl T. Lee, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Thomas W. Flaig, David M. Latini, Dan Theodorescu, Andrea B. Apolo, Srikala S. Sridhar, Diane Zipursky Quale, Margaret A. Knowles, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Department of urology, Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], University of Leeds, University of Colorado [Denver], MD Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas]- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital [Toronto, Canada] (MSH), Departement of Pathology, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Rochester Medical Center, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, BCAN, 030232 urology & nephrology, Alternative medicine, Sexual dysfunction, Disease, Think Tank, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), Targeted therapies, Sex Factors, Multidisciplinary approach, Working groups, medicine, Animals, Humans, Health policy, Gynecology, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Health Policy, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, Oncology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, business, Working group, Gender disparities
Abstract: Objectives The 8th Annual Bladder Cancer Think Tank (BCAN-TT) brought together a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, researchers, and patient advocates in an effort to advance bladder cancer research. Methods and Materials With the theme of “Collaborating to Move Research Forward,” the meeting included three panel presentations and seven small working groups. Results The panel presentations and interactive discussions focused on three main areas: gender disparities, sexual dysfunction, and targeting novel pathways in bladder cancer. Small working groups also met to identify projects for the upcoming year, including: (1) improving enrollment and quality of clinical trials; (2) collecting data from multiple institutions for future research; (3) evaluating patterns of care for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; (4) improving delivery of care for muscle-invasive disease; (5) improving quality of life for survivors; (6) addressing upper tract disease; and (7) examining the impact of health policy changes on research and treatment of bladder cancer. Conclusions The goal of the BCAN-TT is to advance the care of patients with bladder cancer and to promote collaborative research throughout the year. The meeting provided ample opportunities for collaboration among clinicians from multiple disciplines, patients and patient advocates, and industry representatives.
Published: 2014

36. Nitrogen-use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.): from 'omics' studies to metabolic modelling

Author: Lenaig Guillard, Patrick Armengaud, Bertrand Hirel, Rafael A. Cañas, Margaret Simons, Rajib Saha, Gilles Clément, Costas D. Maranas, Peter J. Lea, Penn State Univ, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Dept Chem Engn, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Lancaster Environment Centre, and Lancaster University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Crops, Agricultural, Physiology, Nitrogen, Systems biology, proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Biology, maize, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Zea mays, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolome, Fertilizers, metabolic modelling, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, systems biology, Omics, Biotechnology, metabolome, Biochemical engineering, business, Transcriptome, Flux (metabolism), Genome, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: In this review, we will present the latest developments in systems biology with particular emphasis on improving nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in crops such as maize and demonstrating the application of metabolic models. The review highlights the importance of improving NUE in crops and provides an overview of the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome datasets available, focusing on a comprehensive understanding of nitrogen regulation. 'Omics' data are hard to interpret in the absence of metabolic flux information within genome-scale models. These models, when integrated with 'omics' data, can serve as a basis for generating predictions that focus and guide further experimental studies. By simulating different nitrogen (N) conditions at a pseudo-steady state, the reactions affecting NUE and additional gene regulations can be determined. Such models thus provide a framework for improving our understanding of the metabolic processes underlying the more efficient use of N-based fertilizers.
Published: 2014

37. Cyclophosphamide as a first-line therapy in LGL leukemia

Author: Amir Awwad, Thierry Lamy, Renato Zambello, K. Baab, Roch Houot, Gianpietro Semenzato, Laura Pavan, Thierry Fest, Aline Moignet, Mikael Roussel, Benoit Bareau, Thomas P. Loughran, Zainul Hasanali, Olivier Tournilhac, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, School of Medicine-Department of Medicine, Hematology & Clinical Immunology Branch, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Department of Clinical Hematology, Clinique Cesson-Sévigné, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Jonchère, Laurent
Subjects: Male, Adult, Cancer Research, Cyclophosphamide, Lymphocyte, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Spleen, Antineoplastic Agents, First line therapy, medicine, 80 and over, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating, Letter to the Editor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Leukemia, Extramural, business.industry, Hematology, LGL leukemia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Alkylating, 3. Good health, Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Immunology, Tissue invasion, Female, Large Granular Lymphocytic, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Letter to the Editor. Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a T or NK clonal disorder characterized by the tissue invasion of marrow, spleen and liver...
Published: 2014

38. Scalability Considerations for Multivariate Graph Visualization

Author: Danny Holten, Chris Weaver, Christophe Hurter, Martin Nöllenburg, T. J. Jankun-Kelly, Kai Xu, Tim Dwyer, Kerren, Andreas, Purchase, Helen, Ward, Matthew O., Department of mathematics and computing science [Eindhoven], Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), ENAC - Equipe Informatique Interactive (LII), Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC), Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Penn State University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Center for Information Materials and Department of Material Science and Engineering, and POHANG UNIVERSITY
Subjects: Multivariate statistics, business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 020207 software engineering, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Graphic card, computer.software_genre, Machine learning, 01 natural sciences, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, restrict, Graph drawing, Perception, Scalability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Graph (abstract data type), [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Artificial intelligence, Data mining, business, computer, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Real-world, multivariate datasets are frequently too large to show in their entirety on a visual display. Still, there are many techniques we can employ to show useful partial views-sufficient to support incremental exploration of large graph datasets. In this chapter, we first explore the cognitive and architectural limitations which restrict the amount of visual bandwidth available to multivariate graph visualization approaches. These limitations afford several design approaches, which we systematically explore. Finally, we survey systems and studies that exhibit these design strategies to mitigate these perceptual and architectural limitations.
Published: 2014

39. The Effect of Caching on a Model of Content and Access Provider Revenues in Information-centric Networks

Author: Serge Fdida, George Kesidis, Fatih Kocak, Tuan-Minh Pham, Publications, Lip6, Department of Computer Science and Engineering [University Park], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Networks and Performance Analysis (NPA), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences (LINCS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: Service (business), Class (computer programming), business.industry, Computer science, 05 social sciences, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Provider Edge, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], symbols.namesake, Nash equilibrium, 0502 economics and business, Content centric networking, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Revenue, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], The Internet, 050207 economics, business, Game theory, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we consider a game between an Internet Service (access) Provider (ISP) and content provider (CP) on a platform of end-user demand. A price-convex demand-response is motivated based on the delay sensitive applications that are expected to be subjected to the assumed usage-priced priority service over best-effort service. Thus, we are considering a two-sided market with multiclass demand wherein one class (that under consideration herein) is delay-sensitive. Both the Internet and proposed Information Centric Network (ICN, encompassing Content Centric Networking (CCN)) scenarios are considered. For our purposes, the ICN case is basically different in the polarity of the side-payment (from ISP to CP in an ICN) and, more importantly here, in that content caching by the ISP is incentivized. A price-convex demand-response model is extended to account for content caching. The corresponding Nash equilibria are derived and studied numerically.
Published: 2013

40. Firms' use of accounting discretion to influence their credit ratings

Author: Kevin Koharki, Samuel B. Bonsall, Michael W. Penn, Walid Alissa, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Smeal College of Business, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, College of Business, and Florida State University [Panama City]
Subjects: Credit rating agencies, Economics and Econometrics, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G24 - Investment Banking • Venture Capital • Brokerage • Ratings and Ratings Agencies, business.industry, Accrual, education, Real activities, [SHS.GESTION.COMPTA]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration/domain_shs.gestion.compta, Accounting, Credit rating, Then test, Earnings management, Accounting discretion, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M4 - Accounting and Auditing/M.M4.M41 - Accounting, Bond credit rating, Business, Finance, health care economics and organizations, Expected ratings, Accruals
Abstract: International audience; This paper examines whether firms that deviate from an empirically modeled ("expected") credit rating engage in earnings management activities, as measured by abnormal accruals and real activities earnings management. We find evidence that firms use income-increasing (-decreasing) earnings management activities when they are below (above) their expected ratings. We then test whether such actions are successful in helping these firms move toward their expected credit ratings. The results suggest that firms below or above their expected credit ratings may be able to move toward expected ratings through the use of directional earnings management.
Published: 2013

41. A model of network neutrality with usage-based prices

Author: Eitan Altman, Pierre Bernhard, George Kesidis, Julio Rojas-Mora, Sulan Wong, Stéphane Caron, Models for the performance analysis and the control of networks (MAESTRO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [University Park], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon (LIA), Avignon Université (AU)-Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI, Faculty of Law [Coruna], University of A Coruña (UDC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Service (business), business.product_category, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Computer science, End user, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Business service provider, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Advertising, 02 engineering and technology, Service provider, Payment, Net neutrality, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Internet access, Stackelberg competition, 050207 economics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, media_common
Abstract: Available electronicallyby Springer since 2011; International audience; Hahn and Wallsten [7] wrote that network neutrality "usually means that broadband service providers charge consumers only once for Internet access, do not favor one content provider over another, and do not charge content providers for sending information over broadband lines to end users." In this paper we study the implications of non-neutral behaviors under a simple model of linear demand-response to usage-based prices. We take into account advertising revenues for the content provider and consider both cooperative and non-cooperative scenarios. In particular, we model the: impact of side-payments between service and content providers, consider an access provider that offers multiple service classes, and model leader-follower (Stackelberg game) dynamics. We finally study the additional option for one provider to determine the amount of side payment from the other provider. We show that not only do the content provider and the internaut suffer, but also the Access Provider's performance degrades.
Published: 2013

42. Shape effect on a single-nanoparticle-based plasmonic nanosensor

Author: Olivier Tillement, Matteo Martini, Pascal Perriat, Guowei Lu, Ying Gu, Hongming Shen, Qihuang Gong, Jie Liu, Tianyue Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 ( LGI ), CentraleSupélec, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec ( SSEC ), Ecole Centrale Paris-SUPELEC-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Ctr LignoCellulose Struct & Format, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents (LPCML), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nanostructure, Materials science, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Nanoparticle, Metal Nanoparticles, Physics::Optics, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Sensitivity and Specificity, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Nanosensor, General Materials Science, Computer Simulation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Surface plasmon resonance, Plasmon, Scattering, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Water, General Chemistry, Surface Plasmon Resonance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Silicon Dioxide, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, Colloidal gold, Optoelectronics, Nanorod, Gold, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Plasmonic refractometric nanosensors based on single nanostructures, i.e. spherical, nanorod- and bipyramid-shaped gold nanoparticles, are investigated and compared numerically by employing the finite-difference time-domain method. The results show that the plasmonic sensing ability is distributed anisotropically around the nanorod and bipyramid, even for spherical nanoparticles when the illumination light is linearly polarized. To optimize nanosensor performance, some anisotropy in the shape of nanoparticles is required, this latter serving as an intrinsic light polarization filter to suppress the disturbance from localized surface plasmon resonance in other directions. The plasmonic near-field can be engineered by controlling the shape to achieve a concentrated and localized electromagnetic field, in direct relation with the sensing ability. Taking these factors into account, the gold bipyramid nanoconstruct which is easily available in experiment is proposed as an efficient plasmonic sensing platform. The bipyramid presents both highly localized sensitivity and high scattering cross-section, thus avoiding the trade-off during the selection of the widely used nanorod-shaped sensors. The parameters of the bipyramid structure can be optimized by numerical simulation to improve the plasmonic sensing. Our findings permit a deeper understanding of single-nanoparticle-sensor behavior, and the study provides an opportunity to optimize the plasmonic sensor.
Published: 2013

43. Enhancing molecule fluorescence with asymmetrical plasmonic antennas

Author: Olivier Tillement, Jie Liu, Guowei Lu, Tianyue Zhang, Qihuang Gong, Yuwei Wang, Yingbo He, Ying Gu, Pascal Perriat, Matteo Martini, Hongming Shen, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 ( LGI ), CentraleSupélec, Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec ( SSEC ), Ecole Centrale Paris-SUPELEC-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Lyon, Ctr LignoCellulose Struct & Format, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI), Chaire Sciences des Systèmes et Défis Energétiques EDF/ECP/Supélec (SSEC), Ecole Centrale Paris-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents (LPCML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Plasmonic nanoparticles, Materials science, Fluorophore, business.industry, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Quantum efficiency, Spontaneous emission, Antenna (radio), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Plasmon, Localized surface plasmon, Common emitter
Abstract: International audience; We propose and justify by the finite-difference time-domain method an efficient strategy to enhance the spontaneous emission of a fluorophore with a multi-resonance plasmonic antenna. The custom-designed asymmetrical antenna consists of two plasmonic nanoparticles with different sizes and is able to couple efficiently to free space light through multiple localized surface plasmon resonances. This design simultaneously permits a large near-field excitation near the antenna as well as a high quantum efficiency, which results in an unusual and significant enhancement of the fluorescence of a single emitter. Such an asymmetrical antenna presents intrinsic advantages over single particle or dimer based antennas made using two identical nanostructures. This promising concept can be exploited in the large domain of light-matter interaction processes involving multiple frequencies.
Published: 2013

44. Distributed Medium Access Control with Dynamic Altruism

Author: Serge Fdida, Youngmi Jin, Christopher Griffin, George Kesidis, Panayotis Antoniadis, Networks and Performance Analysis (NPA), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences (LINCS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [University Park], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and Jun Zheng and Nathalie Mitton and Jun Li and Pascal Lorenz
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Access control, 02 engineering and technology, Experimental economics, Altruism, Fictitious play, symbols.namesake, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Nash equilibrium, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, 050207 economics, business, Game theory, media_common, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we consider medium access control of local area networks (LANs) under limited-information conditions as befits a distributed system. Rather than assuming “by rule” conformance to a protocol designed to regulate packet-flow rates (as in, e.g., CSMA windowing), we begin with a non-cooperative game framework and build a dynamic altruism term into the net utility. Our objective is to define a utility model that captures more closely the expected behavior of users, which according to recent results from behavioral and experimental economics should include a conditionally altruistic dimension. The effects of our proposed dynamic altruism are analyzed at Nash equilibrium in the quasi-stationary (fictitious play) regime. We consider either power or throughput based costs, and the cases of identical or heterogeneous (independent) users/players.
Published: 2012

45. Impact of Histological Variants on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Author: Jay D. Raman, Jens Hansen, Karim Bensalah, Eiji Kikuchi, Yair Lotan, Armin Pycha, Felix K.-H. Chun, Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq, Kanishka Sircar, Vitaly Margulis, Casey K. Ng, Wareef Kabbani, Andrea Haitel, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Michael Rink, Evi Comploj, Maxine Sun, Eugene K. Cha, Charles C. Guo, Brian D. Robinson, David A. Green, Mesut Remzi, Wassim Kassouf, Guru Sonpavde, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Douglas S. Scherr, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE)-Cardiovascular Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Université de Montréal (UdeM), General Hospital of Bolzano, Health Robotics S.r.l., Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas]- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Urologic Oncology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Hospital Weinviertel-Korneuburg-Landesklinikum Korneuburg, Service d'urologie [Rennes] = Urology [Rennes], Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Keio University School of Medicine [Tokyo, Japan], and De Villemeur, Hervé
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Lymphovascular invasion, medicine.medical_treatment, Statistics as Topic, 030232 urology & nephrology, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, carcinoma, Nephrectomy, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Upper urinary tract, Middle Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Kidney Neoplasms, 3. Good health, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Lymphatic Metastasis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Disease Progression, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, kidney, Urology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, histology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Carcinoma, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Kidney surgery, Urothelium, Ureteral neoplasm, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Ureteral Neoplasms, business.industry, Histology, urothelium, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.UN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, Survival Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, prognosis, Ureter, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical and prognostic impact of variant histologies on upper tract urothelial carcinoma outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on 1,648 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy without preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy were reviewed for histological differentiation and variants. We analyzed differences between pure upper tract urothelial carcinoma and upper tract urothelial carcinoma with variant histology, and differences in the histological variants using different stratifications. RESULTS: A total of 398 patients (24.2%) had histological upper tract urothelial carcinoma variants. The most common variants were squamous cell and glandular differentiation in 9.9% and 4.4% of cases, respectively. Histological variants were associated with advanced tumor stage, tumor multifocality, sessile tumor architecture, tumor necrosis, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis compared to pure upper tract urothelial carcinoma (p ≤0.031). On univariable analysis variant histology was associated with disease recurrence (p = 0.002) and cancer specific mortality (p = 0.003). In 174 patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy there was no difference in disease recurrence or survival between variant histology and pure upper tract urothelial carcinoma (p = 0.42 and 0.59, respectively). On multivariable analysis adjusted for the effects of standard clinicopathological characteristics variant histology was not associated with either end point. CONCLUSIONS: Almost 25% of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy harbored histological variants. Variant histology was associated with features of biologically aggressive upper tract urothelial carcinoma. While variant histology is associated with worse outcomes on univariable analysis but this effect did not remain significant on multivariable analysis.
Published: 2012

46. Monkeys in the Middle: Parasite Transmission through the Social Network of a Wild Primate

Author: Keiko Shimizu, Andrew J. J. MacIntosh, Cécile Garcia, Michael A. Huffman, Alexander D. Hernandez, Keiko Mouri, Armand Jacobs, Center for International Collaboration and Advanced Studies in Primatology, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology, Okayama University, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Hydrocortisone, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, lcsh:Medicine, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Macaque, Feces, Behavioral Ecology, Japan, Sociology, Parasite hosting, Primate, lcsh:Science, Nematology, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Animal Behavior, biology, 05 social sciences, Animal Models, Biological Anthropology, Mammalogy, Social Networks, Female, Research Article, Evolutionary Processes, Ecological Metrics, Wildlife, Zoology, Animals, Wild, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Veterinary Epidemiology, Model Organisms, Species Specificity, biology.animal, Parasitic Diseases, Social grooming, Animals, Parasites, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Social Behavior, Biology, Theoretical Biology, Evolutionary Biology, Social network, business.industry, lcsh:R, Species Diversity, biology.organism_classification, Dominance hierarchy, Nematode, Social Dominance, Anthropology, Macaca, Parasitology, Veterinary Science, lcsh:Q, Species Richness, business, Coevolution, Helminthology
Abstract: International audience; In wildlife populations, group-living is thought to increase the probability of parasite transmission because contact rates increase at high host densities. Physical contact, such as social grooming, is an important component of group structure, but it can also increase the risk of exposure to infection for individuals because it provides a mechanism for transmission of potentially pathogenic organisms. Living in groups can also create variation in susceptibility to infection among individuals because circulating levels of immunosuppressive hormones like glucocorticoids often depend on an individual's position within the group's social structure. Yet, little is known about the relative roles of socially mediated exposure versus susceptibility in parasite transmission among free-living animal groups. To address this issue, we investigate the relationship between host dominance hierarchy and nematode parasite transmission among females in a wild group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui). We use social network analysis to describe each individual female's position within the grooming network in relation to dominance rank and relative levels of infection. Our results suggest that the number of directly-transmitted parasite species infecting each female, and the relative amount of transmission stages that one of these species sheds in faeces, both increase with dominance rank. Female centrality within the network, which shows positive associations with dominance hierarchy, is also positively associated with infection by certain parasite species, suggesting that the measured rank-bias in transmission may reflect variation in exposure rather than susceptibility. This is supported by the lack of a clear relationship between rank and faecal cortisol, as an indicator of stress, in a subset of these females. Thus, socially mediated exposure appears to be important for direct transmission of nematode parasites, lending support to the idea that a classical fitness trade-off inherent to living in groups can exist.
Published: 2012

47. Scattering by a cylinder covered with an arbitrary distribution of impedance and application to the optimization of a tramway noise abatement system

Author: Alexandre Jolibois, Jérôme Defrance, Philippe Jean, Denis Duhamel, Victor W. Sparrow, Dynamique des structures et identification, Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB Saint Martin d'Hères), Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Graduate Program in Acoustics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), and École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
Subjects: Engineering, Admittance, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Frequency band, Acoustics, engineering, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Line source, vibrations, Optics, 0203 mechanical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Insertion loss, Cylinder, acoustics, 010301 acoustics, Electrical impedance, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Attenuation, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Condensed Matter Physics, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, business, mechanics
Abstract: International audience; A semi-analytical solution for the two-dimensional scattering of a line source by a cylinder with an arbitrary distribution of surface impedance and its image with respect to a vertical baffle is derived. This description is used to model the shadowing due to a low-height semi-cylindrical noise barrier close to a tramway. After validation against the boundary element method, this solution is used in a gradient-based optimization approach of the admittance distribution to maximize the broadband insertion loss in a given receiver zone. First, a hypothetical but passive distribution is found, showing an improvement of more than 20 dB(A) with respect to a purely rigid barrier. Second, a feasible optimized surface treatment made of a porous layer and a micro-perforated resonant panel is proposed, with an improvement of 14 dB(A) with respect to an entirely rigid barrier and 8 dB(A) with respect to a uniform absorbent barrier. The optimization provides an automatic way of tuning the resonant panel so that the attenuation is enhanced in the frequency band where the source has the most spectral content. The benefit of using a non-uniform admittance distribution is evaluated in this idealized context to be about 8 dB(A).
Published: 2012

48. Analyzing lateral root development: how to move forward

Author: A. Glyn Bengough, Ulrich Schurr, Renze Heidstra, Sacha J. Mooney, Hidehiro Fukaki, Philip N. Benfey, Benjamin Péret, Jonathan P. Lynch, John P. Hammond, Lionel X. Dupuy, Ilda Casimiro, Marta Joan Laskowski, Marc Lepetit, Tom Beeckman, Ive De Smet, Phillipe Nacry, Laurent Laplaze, Xavier Draye, Hanma Zhang, Philip J. White, Frank Hochholdinger, Malcolm J. Bennett, Martin R. Broadley, Boris Parizot, Division of Plant and Crop Sciences (DPCS), School of Biosciences-University of Nottingham, UK (UON), The James Hutton Institute, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM), Department of Plant Systems Biology, State University of Ghent, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Molecular Genetic, Utrecht University [Utrecht]-Faculty of Science-Department of Biology, Biology Department, Oberlin College, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Centre for Plant Sciences [Leeds], University of Leeds-Faculty of Biological Sciences-Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Signalisation de l'Adaptation des Végétaux à l'Environnement (SAVE), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Biology, Kobe University, Centre for Plant Integrative Biology [Nothingham] (CPIB), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Biology and Institute for Genome Science and Policy Center for Systems Biology, Duke University [Durham], Center for Plant Systems Biology (PSB Center), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Plant Environmental Physiology and Stress Signaling (PEPSS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Nottingham, UK (UON)-School of Biosciences, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Division of Plant and Crop Sciences ( DPCS ), School of Biosciences-Loughborough-University of Nottingham, UK ( UON ), James Hutton Institute ( JHI ), Invergowrie, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie ( LCM ), Universidad de Extremadura, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes ( LSTM ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation ( INRES ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve], Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes ( LBDP ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre for Plant Integrative Biology [Nothingham] ( CPIB ), University of Nottingham, UK ( UON ), School of Biosciences-University of Nottingham, UK ( UON ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes ( BPMP ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes ( DIADE ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), and Duke university [Durham]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Root (linguistics), Process (engineering), growth, MESH : Plant Roots, Plant Developmental Biology, MESH: Plant Roots, plant, Plant Science, Agricultural engineering, system architecture, Biology, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, ray computed-tomography, 03 medical and health sciences, traits, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, nutrient-uptake, phosphorus, MESH: Models, Theoretical, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, 0303 health sciences, Vegetal Biology, MESH : Models, Theoretical, Ecology, business.industry, Lateral root, green-revolution, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, Variety (cybernetics), arabidopsis, Agriculture, Sustainability, Commentary, Systems architecture, business, auxin, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: L'article original est publié par The American Society of Plant Biologists; International audience; Roots are important to plants for a wide variety of processes, including nutrient and water uptake, anchoring and mechanical support, storage functions, and as the major interface between the plant and various biotic and abiotic factors in the soil environment. Therefore, understanding the development and architecture of roots holds potential for the manipulation of root traits to improve the productivity and sustainability of agricultural systems and to better understand and manage natural ecosystems. While lateral root development is a traceable process along the primary root and different stages can be found along this longitudinal axis of time and development, root system architecture is complex and difficult to quantify. Here, we comment on assays to describe lateral root phenotypes and propose ways to move forward regarding the description of root system architecture, also considering crops and the environment.
Published: 2012

49. Family social environment in childhood and self-rated health in young adulthood

Author: Christelle Roustit, Pierre Chauvin, Emilie Renahy, Eric Campoy, Gary King, Isabelle Parizot, ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Management & Organisation, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CMH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle de Pharmacie - Santé Publique - Information médicale [Saint-Antoine], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), This study was supported by the French Ministry of Health, the Directorate- General of Health (DGS), the Directorate for Research, Studies, Assessment and Statistics of Ministry of Health (DREES), by the French National Health Insurance Fund for Salaried Workers (CNAMTS), National Health Insurance Fund for Self-employed (RSI), by the National Solidarity Fund for Autonomy (CNSA), and the National Institute for prevention and health education (INPES) in the framework of the Institute for Public Health Research (Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique) in 2010., École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Sciences sociales ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Pôle de Pharmacie - Santé Publique - Information médicale [CHU Saint-Antoine], and BMC, Ed.
Subjects: Male, MESH: Family Relations, MESH: Logistic Models, 050109 social psychology, Social Environment, Occupational safety and health, Developmental psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Self-rated health, MESH: Social Environment, selfrated health, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, MESH: Paris, 05 social sciences, 3. Good health, MESH: Health Status Disparities, MESH: Young Adult, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Female, Family Relations, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Research Article, Adult, Paris, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Family social environment, MESH: Social Support, Young Adult, young adulthood, 03 medical and health sciences, Social support, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Social determinants of health, Psychiatry, childhood, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social Support, Social environment, lcsh:RA1-1270, MESH: Adult, Health Status Disparities, MESH: Male, Logistic Models, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background Family social support, as a form of social capital, contributes to social health disparities at different age of life. In a life-course epidemiological perspective, the aims of our study were to examine the association between self-reported family social environment during childhood and self-reported health in young adulthood and to assess the role of family functioning during childhood as a potential mediating factor in explaining the association between family breakup in childhood and self-reported health in young adulthood. Methods We analyzed data from the first wave of the Health, Inequalities and Social Ruptures Survey (SIRS), a longitudinal health and socio-epidemiological survey of a random sample of 3000 households initiated in the Paris metropolitan area in 2005. Sample-weighted logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between the quality of family social environment in childhood and self-rated health (overall health, physical health and psychological well-being) in young adults (n = 1006). We used structural equation model to explore the mediating role of the quality of family functioning in childhood in the association between family breakup in childhood and self-rated health in young adulthood. Results The multivariate results support an association between a negative family social environment in childhood and poor self-perceived health in adulthood. The association found between parental separation or divorce in childhood and poor self-perceived health in adulthood was mediated by parent-child relationships and by having witnessed interparental violence during childhood. Conclusion These results argue for interventions that enhance family cohesion, particularly after family disruptions during childhood, to promote health in young adulthood.
Published: 2011

50. Images of a Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Glow Discharge Between Two Point Electrodes in Air at 300 K and at Atmospheric Pressure

Author: Gabi Stancu, Diane Rusterholtz, Fabien Tholin, David Z. Pai, Deanna A. Lacoste, J. Jarrige, Anne Bourdon, Sebastien Celestin, Christophe O. Laux, Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, Ecole Centrale Paris, Department of Advanced Materials Sciences, University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory [PennState] (CSSL), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System-Penn State System
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Glow discharge, Materials science, Atmospheric pressure, business.industry, Atmospheric pressure plasmas, Plasma, Nanosecond, glow discharge, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Corona, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Electrode, Spontaneous emission, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, business, spontaneous emission, corona
Abstract: International audience; For many applications of atmospheric pressure plas- mas, a crucial issue is to obtain glow discharges at 300 K. We have generated such plasmas with a nanosecond repetitively pulsed method. We present experimental and simulated optical emission images of the dynamics of the formation of the glow regime at the early stages of its development.
Published: 2011

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