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Background. The posterior region of the mandible is more often related to iatrogenic errors, but the interforaminal region is also not spared for neurovascular complications. This study aimed to use CBCT images to evaluate the prevalence of anterior nerve looping and its variations with age, gender, and dentition status. Methods. This retrospective study was carried out by studying 600 CBCT scans retrieved from archival records of a CBCT center in Lucknow. The scans were inspected by two trained investigators. The length of the anterior loop was measured using the measuring tool of Carestream 3D imaging software. Descriptive and analytical tests were performed. Results. The prevalence of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve was found to be 56%. The prevalence was found to be more on the right side (29.0%) compared to the left side (27.0%). The most common anterior looping of the inferior alveolar nerve was type 3 followed by type 1. Males were found to have significantly higher loops compared to females. The number of loops was found to decrease significantly with age. The mean length of the loop was found to vary from 1.14 to 1.61 mm. Conclusion. The anterior looping of IAN is very much prevalent in the Lucknow population. The use of the CBCT technique and appropriate preplanning prior to surgery or implant placement should be performed to prevent nerve injury.

Aim: To evaluate the role of oral physicians as a counsellor in tobacco cessation. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was designed and distributed among 110 randomly selected participants, i.e., students (interns) and dental professionals. The questions were meant to assess the level of the knowledge, attitude, and effectiveness of dental students and professionals towards tobacco cessation. Result: A total of 100 participants responded to the survey, thus the response rate was 90.9%. A total of 77.4% were comfortable handling patients with tobacco dependence, 78.6% stressed on history pertaining to tobacco, and 87.6% did counselling habitually. Only 5.4% had received additional training for the same and only 5% thought training received was sufficient. Majority of dentists were doing counselling by asking and advising, and limited participants were using nicotine replacement therapy and other pharmacological and behavioural therapies, and only 24.7% were referring patients of high dependence to psychiatrists. Conclusion: The present study concluded that though dentists had a positive attitude towards tobacco cessation and were stressing on history and warning and advising to quit, more emphasis on pharmacological and behavioral therapies should be given. This can be achieved through alteration in the curriculum and attending more continuing dental education (CDE) programmes to update the knowledge regarding tobacco cessation intervention means and referring patients with heavy dependence to psychiatrists.

The presence of foreign objects in the pulp chamber of fractured permanent teeth is a rare phenomenon and often diagnosed accidently .These foreign bodies are most commonly self inflicted by young patients and remain impacted within the pulp canal thereby acting as potential source of infection and painful conditions1. In the present case report, we present successful endodontic management of stapler pin lodged in fractured maxillary central incisor with challenge of open apex in young patient using biodentine as a novel apical matrix.

Thermology is the study and application of biothermal process to assess health or disease and the word thermography employs imaging and visual evaluation of those thermal changes. Three different types of thermography are Liquid crystal thermography, Digital Infrared thermography and Dynamic area telethermometry. In the recent times, thermography has shown its relevance in various aspects of dental and medical diagnosis. Its application in diagnosing the disorders of head and neck region includes, chronic orofacial pain patients, TMJ disorders, inferior alveolar nerve deficit, cranio mandibular disorders post surgical inflammation, myofacial symptoms and many others. Since thermography has proved to be useful in diagnosing a number of disorders in head and neck region, it becomes necessary to gain further knowledge about this emerging technique in the related field. The present review presents some of applications of the thermography in head and neck region.