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Radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder are the most preferred surgical approaches for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Secondary tumour of ileum on neobladder is very rare. We report a 67-year man complaining of hematuria with the history of ileal neobladder for 19 years. An ileal adenocarcinoma of neobladder was detected with transurethral resection. He also had a non-functioning right kidney. A neobladderectomy. with right nephroureterectomy and ureterocutaneostomy was performed. An adenocarcinoma invading subserosal layer was reported. At six months postoperatively, patient was free of recurrence and progression. Seconder tumour of neobladder is a very rare condition. Early diagnosis and excision of neobladder may provide cure. Key Words: Bladder cancer, Urinary diversion, Cystectomy, Ileum, Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Radical cystectomy (RC) is one of the most complex surgeries and has a high rate of morbidity. Gastrointestinal complications are the most common type of complications. To reduce these complications some modifications have been described. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate perioperative outcomes of our extraperitoneal antegrade RC technique (EARTC), where the peritoneum is opened at the end of cystectomy just before of ileal reconstruction. METHODS: Group 1 included 120 patients who were operated with a standard RC technique and Group 2 included 80 patients who were operated with the EARC technique in this study. Groups were compared according to preoperative variables including patient characteristics, perioperative parameters, pathologic data, and postoperative overall and gastrointestinal complications. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of preoperative characteristics and mean operative time. The group 1 has longer time for the exposure of abdominal cavity to the atmosphere (p

Aim:To investigate the likelihood of sperm retrieval in repeated micro-testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients.Methods:Data of 310 patients, who underwent a micro-TESE procedure at a center experienced in in vitro fertilization between January 2015 and July 2019, was evaluated retrospectively. Seventy-three patients who had a previous failed sperm retrieval procedure (33 micro-TESE, and 40 TESE) were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups (group 1: successful, group 2: failure) according to sperm retrieval in salvage micro-TESE. The groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics and hormonal and histological features.Results:The mean age of the patients was 36.71±8.1 (25-45) years and duration of infertility was 59.45±21.4 (22-247) months. The sperm retrieval rate in patients who underwent salvage micro-TESE was 36.99% (27/73). Sperm retrieval rates were 8/43, 8/16 and 11/14 for patients diagnosed with Sertoli Cell-only syndrome (SCOS), maturation arrest and hypospermatogenesis. The rate of patients with SCOS was significantly higher in the failure group (p

Background To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic treatment for symptomatic vesicoureteral refux (VUR) disease in renal transplantation patients and to determine the factors that were associated with the success rate of the treatment. Methods A total of 121 symptomatic VUR diseases diagnosed between 2014 and 2018 in 3560 renal transplant patients. The results of 49 VUR cases that presented with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) and were hospitalized for antibiotic treatment were included in the study. Refux was detected by voiding cystourethrogram and treatment was performed by endoscopic Defux® injection. The result of endoscopic treatment was evaluated clinically by 3 months periods. Results The mean time between transplantation and endoscopic treatment was 59.6 (5–132) months, and the mean followup period after the endoscopic treatment was 14 (6–48) months, respectively. The success rate after the frst injection was 59.1% (n=29) and 67.3% (n=33) after the second injection. One patient developed anuria, one patient febrile UTI and four patients developed minimal macroscopic hematuria after the procedure. Conclusions Endoscopic treatment of symptomatic VUR in transplanted kidney is a safe and feasible procedure. The amount of bulking agent or duration between the transplantation and diagnosis of VUR does not have any impact on the success of the treatment. However, the younger age of the patients and the female gender seem to have a positive efect on the outcome of the procedure.

Purpose The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the endoscopic treatment in transplanted patients with neurogenic bladder who complained of symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Material and Methods Fifteen patients with VUR who were previously diagnosed with a neurogenic bladder were included in the study. The Lich-Gregoire technique was used for ureterovesical anastomosis during transplantation, and a double J stent was inserted routinely in the ureter to protect the anastomosis. The sting operation was performed under general anesthesia in the lithotomy position. A 4.8 Fr double J stent (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA) was inserted to prevent the risk of ureteral obstruction. Successful treatment was defined as absent acute glomerulopyelonephritis (AGPN) during follow-up and as absent VUR on radiological evaluation. Results Clinical success was achieved in 6 of 10 patients (60%) who presented with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) and in 4 of 6 (66%) patients who presented with gradually graft function deterioration. In 3 patients, the ureteral neo-orifice could not be localized during the operation owing to severe trabeculation of the bladder wall. The other 2 patients with a previous history of augmented bladder procedures had a hypotension attack during bladder filling; hence, the operation was stopped to prevent further complications. Two patients, whose clinical symptoms did not resolve after the sting procedure, accepted open ureteral reimplantation surgery. Conclusion Endoscopic management of the VUR in the transplant patients with neurogenic bladder function is safe and effective in at least half of the patients in a mid-term follow-up period.

Sevinc, Cuneyd ( isu author) Karadeniz, Tahir ( isu author) The aim of the study was to determine different variables that may be predictive for prolonged lymporrhoea and duration of lymphatic drainage. Two hundred and three patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) were enrolled in this study. Lymphorrhoea was defined as the total amount of lymph drained by the drains until their removal. Duration of drainage was defined as the days until the removal of the last drains. Parameters that might be related to lymphorrhoea and duration of drainage including age, body mass index (BMI), removed lymph nodes, hemoglobin level (gr/dl), estimated blood loss (ml) (EBL), platelet count (PLN), hospital stay (HS) and lymph node status were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between lymphorrhoea with probable predictors for these variables. The mean number of removed lymph nodes was 28.52 (16-58). The mean amount of lymphorrhoea and the duration of drainage were 1504 ml (300-5850) and 10.10 days (2-27), respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that the mean amount of lymphorrhoea rises gradually as EBL, patients age, negative lymph nodes and lymphadenectomy extension increases (P

Introduction and objectives: To evaluate the possible effects of two different renal puncture techniques (ultrasound-assisted [US-assisted], fluoroscopic-guided [FG]) on the intraoperative hemorrhage risk during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Material and methods: A total of 130 patients with Guy stone scores of 1-2 were prospectively allocated to US-assisted and FG puncture groups by simple randomization. Patients with intraoperative pelvicalyceal rupture and the ones requiring multiple accesses were excluded from the study. Apart from the puncture steps, all other steps of the PCNL procedure were performed with similar techniques by a single surgeon. Patient characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were compared. Results: A total of 10 patients were excluded from the study due to intraoperative complications after puncture. Patient demographics and stone characteristics were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). Mean hemoglobin drop was meaningfully greater in the FG group (1.7 g/dL) when compared with US-assisted group (1.3 g/dL) (p < 0.01). The mean duration of radiation exposure was significantly higher for the FG (p < 0.001). Total operative time, number of attempts for a successful puncture, length of hospital stay, and stone free rates were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). In addition, the remaining complications classified according to the modified Clavien-Dindo grading system were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: US-assisted puncture provides significantly decreased level of hemoglobin drop and radiation exposure time when compared with FG. (c) 2021 AEU. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Introduction: To avoid mesh-related complications, autologous transobturator-tape (a-TOT) technique is a viable option in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery. The method differs from TOT and retropubic tape (RT) in the usage of autologous tissue. We hypothesized that a-TOT improves female sexual dysfunction (FSD) more than TOT and RT. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent a-TOT, TOT, and RT surgeries were surveyed regarding the cure of SUI, complications, and FSD parameters. The groups were compared according to baseline and postoperative data. Results: A-TOT, TOT, and RT groups included 37, 69, and 36 patients, respectively. The median follow-up time was 19 months. The groups were similar in terms of preoperative characteristics. The objective cure, subjective cure, and overall complication rates were comparable among the groups (p > 0.05). A-TOT group had significant improvements in mean female sexual function index (FSFI) scores, TOT group deteriorated, and RT group remained stable (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.226, respectively). The postoperative mean total FSFI scores were 25.73 ± 2.46, 23.17 ± 3.35, and 21.53 ± 2.47 for the a-TOT, TOT, and RT groups, respectively. The a-TOT group had better results than the TOT and RT groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05), and besides, the difference between the TOT and RT groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to percentage changes in domain scores following the operations, the a-TOT group had significantly better results in desire, arousal, lubrication, satisfaction, and pain domains than the TOT group (p < 0.05) as well as better desire, arousal, and pain domains (p < 0.05) than the RT group. Discussion/Conclusions: Besides comparable outcomes in SUI treatment, the a-TOT technique provides improvements in female sexual functions while TOT worsens and RT does not change. Favorable outcomes in sexual functions caused by improvements in desire, arousal, satisfaction, and pain domains are observed following the a-TOT technique.

Background and Objectives: There is no consensus on an ideal abdominal entry in laparoscopic surgery; as such, we aimed to assess the feasibility of the fingertip technique for safe entry and the establishment of pneumoperitoneum in transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. Methods: We prospectively assessed 96 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal surgery between December 2018 and September 2019. For all patients, pneumoperitoneum was performed using the fingertip technique, which we recently defined. The duration of time for initial entry, the occurrence of gas leakage, and the complications were evaluated. Results: The median duration of initial entry was 90 (75 – 145) seconds. Pneumoperitoneum was established on the first attempt in all patients. Some events were encountered at the time of implementation of the fingertip technique, such as subcutaneous minor bleeding (5.2%) and gas leakage (4.1%). These events were controlled with cauterization and suturing. There was no visceral or major vascular injury in any patient case. Conclusions: The fingertip technique is a fast, safe, and feasible method for establishing pneumoperitoneum in transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery.

Background This study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of anterior calyceal stones on the surgical outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods Consecutive patients with complex kidney stones from 2012 to 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. In total, 219 patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of anterior calyceal stones (group 1; n=89) or not (group 2; n=130). The groups were compared in terms of surgical outcomes (i.e., stonefree rate [SFR], operation time, and hemoglobin drop) and complications. Results The patient demographics and stone characteristics were similar between the groups. Multiple access was more frequently done in group 1 than it was in group 2 (47.2% vs. 30.8%; p = 0.014), and the SFR was lower in group 1 (51.7%) than it was in group 2 (67.7%; p = 0.017). Of the anterior calyceal stones in group 1, 42.6% could not be cleaned. However, when excluding patients who have only anterior residual stones from the statistical analysis, the groups had similar SFRs (68.5% vs. 67.7% for group 1 and group 2, respectively). Conclusions The presence of complex kidney stones with anterior calyceal extension are associated with higher residual stones rates in the anterior calyx. Also, it increases multiple access, the operation time, and level of hemoglobin drop.

This study compared the safety and efficacy of the on-demand (OD) use of sertraline (50 mg), sertraline (100 mg) and dapoxetine (30 mg), and the daily use of sertraline (50 mg) in the treatment of patients with premature ejaculation (PE). This prospective randomised study involved 120 lifelong PE patients (intravaginal ejaculatory latency time [IELT]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the safety of ultrasonography-guided (UG) puncture and fluoroscopy-guided (FG) upper pole access (UPA) in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods: Consecutive patients with a solitary UPA were enrolled into the study from 2012 to 2020 and analyzed in a retrospective manner. In total, 177 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the method during the puncture phase of the access: FG (n = 105) and UG (n = 72). The UG and FG groups were compared in terms of complications (i.e., pleural injury and blood transfusion rate) and surgical outcomes. Results: Gender, side, grade of hydronephrosis, type of access (i.e., supracostal vs. subcostal), Guy’s stone score, age, stone diameter, skin-to-stone distance, and stone density were similar in the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Only in 25.9% of cases, UPA was done using a subcostal approach. The overall complication rates were similar between the groups (p > 0.178). For the UG and FG groups, the rate of pleural injury (8.5 vs. 4.1%) and the blood transfusion rate (8.5 vs. 2.8%) were also similar (p > 0.05). The fluoroscopy time and mean hemoglobin drop were significantly lower in the UG group than in the FG group (134.2 vs. 82.2 s, respectively, p = 0.001; 20.8 ± 9.8 vs. 16.8 ± 7.9 g/L, respectively, p = 0.001). Stone-free rate (SFR) was also similar in the FG and UG groups (77.1 vs. 75.0%, respectively, p = 0.742). Conclusion: While it is commonly expected that the complication rates are lower in UG puncture for UPA in PCNL than they are in FG puncture, the present study failed to show this difference. However, the radiation exposure time seemed to be lower in UG puncture than FG puncture and had a similar stone-free rate (SFR) for UPA in PCNL.

Objectives: T1 bladder cancer has a wide range of tumor behavior and lamina propria invasion depth has a high potential risk of disease progression. To evaluate the patient outcome according to the tumor invasion to the muscularis mucosae-vascular plexus (MM-VP) in pT1 bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC). Materials and methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of patients consecutively recorded from 2007 to 2013. A total of 93 patients with a history of primary pT1 BUC and complete follow-up were included. We used a pathological substaging system according to the tumor invasion regarding the MM-VP: pT1a (invasion above MM-VP) and pT1b (MM-VP invasion). We evaluated recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression- free survival (PFS), disease-specific-survival (DSS) based on this sub-staging system. Results: Pathological evaluation regarding the MM-VP invasion revealed 53 patients (57%) as pT1a BUC and 40 patients (43%) as pT1b BUC. The mean follow-up was 78.8 months. During the follow-up period; 60 patients (64.5%) had tumor recurrences, 32 patients (34.4%) had progression to invasive disease, 18 patients (19.4 %) died during follow-up related to the BUC. In 29 (54.7%) of pT1a and in 31(77.5%) of pT1b tumors, the recurrent disease was recorded during the followup period (p = 0.023). DSS rates at 5 years for pT1a and pT1b were 80.2% and 60.8%, respectively. PFS, RFS, and DSS rates were similar for pT1a/pT1b and did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Sub-staging of pT1 BUC according to the MM-VP invasion showed a limited impact on the outcome in our patient cohort. However, the presence of pT1b disease caused a significantly higher rate of recurrence.

Objective To compare modified autologous transobturator-tape (a-TOT) and transobtrator-tape (TOT) surgeries in terms of effectivity and complications. Materials and Methods Prospectively 117 patients (a-TOT:36,TOT:81) were enrolled in this study. A-TOT was performed with autologous fascia elongated with nonabsorbable sutures and TOT was performed with standard technique. Preoperative data regarding operative time, complications and postoperative visual analog scores (VAS) were noted. Patients were assessed 12 months after surgery. Objective cure was evaluated with cough stress test (CST) and necessity of reoperation due to failure while subjective cure was evaluated with Patient Global Impression of Improvements scale(PGI-I) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms(ICIQ-FLUTS) questionnaire. Results The mean follow-up time was 21.5 ± 1.1 months. Preoperative demographic characteristics were similar. The mean operation time was longer in a-TOT group(P = .001).VAS at postoperative 8. and 24. hours and overall complication rates were similar for the groups. Clavien grade-3 complications occurred only in TOT group (3.7%). Objective cure rates according to CST were 97.3% and 97.6% (P = .998) and the subjective cure rates according to PGI-I were 97.3% and 92.5% (P = .664) for a-TOT and TOT groups, respectively. One patient in TOT group needed reoperation. The a-TOT group gained better improvements in total score and total QoL score of ICIQ-FLUTS (P = .028 and P = .032, respectively) as well as subscore and QoL subscore of filling and voiding sections of ICIQ-FLUTS (P = .043, P = .048,P = .034, and P = .039, respectively). Conclusion The a-TOT technique has similar objective and subjective cure rates and overall complication rates furthermore better results in postoperative voiding dysfunction and de-novo filling phase symptoms when compared to TOT.

The microsurgical varicocelectomy is the gold standard treatment with a low recurrence rate and less postoperative complications. We compared the surgical outcomes and difficulty in intra-operative vascular Doppler ultrasound-assisted microscopic varicocelectomy (IVDU-MV) with MV in primary and recurrent varicocele. A total of 228 infertile patients with clinically palpable varicocele were included in the study. One hundred fifteen patients were operated on with the standard MV approach, whereas the other 113 patients were operated on with IVDU-MV. Perioperative outcomes, sperm parameters and operative difficulty of the procedure were evaluated. The operative times were significantly shorter for the IVDU-MV group for primary and recurrent varicocele (p = .001). Mean number of veins ligated for primary and recurrent varicocele was significantly higher in the IVDU-MV group than in the MV group (6 +/- 1.4 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.8 and 3.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.9 +/- 1.2; p < .01). The increase in mean sperm motility was significantly higher in the IVDU-MV group for both primary and recurrent varicocelectomy patients (p < .05). A significant number of IVDU-MV procedures were described as easy in both primary and recurrent varicocelectomy procedures (p = .006). The use of Doppler ultrasound(US) revealed advantages in ligating veins, preserving arteries and improving sperm motility and facilitates the operation for the surgeon, especially during recurrent varicocele repair. WOS:000530729800001 32379354 Q3

Background Iatrogenic endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and stroma out of the uterus following certain surgical interventions. The rate of iatrogenic endometriosis after gynecologic surgeries due to benign uterine disease is 1–2%. Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy is also a part of frequently used surgical treatment of apical pelvic organ prolapse, which is followed by sacrocervicopexy. However, there are no data about iatrogenic endometriosis after apical prolapse surgery in the current literature. Herein, we present a case report of a patient diagnosed with de novo endometriosis 1 year after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocervicopexy. Case presentation A 46-year-old parous Slavic woman who underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocervicopexy secondary to grade 3 symptomatic apical prolapse 1 year earlier was admitted to the same clinic with pelvic pain that had started 6 months following surgery. Deep vaginal palpation was painful. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed an area with hypervascularization on the sacral promontory. She was scheduled for diagnostic laparoscopy. A 2 × 2-cm solid, wine-colored, hypervascular hemorrhagic lesion was seen on the sacral promontory. The lesion and the peritoneal layer behind it were totally excised. The patient was discharged on the first postoperative day, without any complications. Pathologic examination revealed foci of endometriosis comprising endometrial glands and stroma within the connective tissue, along with hemosiderin-laden macrophages. The symptoms of the patient resolved after the surgery, and no further adjuvant treatment was needed. Conclusion Although the rate of iatrogenic endometriosis is low after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocervicopexy, the possibility of the occurrence of iatrogenic endometriosis should be discussed with patients who are diagnosed with apical prolapse to determine the type of surgical intervention. Iatrogenic endometriosis should be kept in mind for differential diagnosis in case of pain after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and sacrocervicopexy.

INTRODUCTION[|]This study aims to evaluate the 90-day complication rate and 3-month mortality after open radical cystoprostatectomy using a standardized method to report complications.[¤]METHODS[|]We retrospectively reviewed the data of 209 RC male patients operated by the same surgical team between March 2008 and December 2017 in our institution. Patients' characteristics, clinical outcome, pathological parameters and reflectors of surgical difficulty were retrospectively collected from the hospital medical record. Postoperative complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, whereas Martin criteria were used to report complications. SPSS version 22.0 was used for the statistical analyses.[¤]RESULTS[|]A total of 239 complications developed in 143 of the 198 patients (72.2%). Thirtynine (19.7%) of these complications occurred after thirty days postoperatively. The mean operation time was 412.6+- minutes (300–485). Mean EBL was 1107+-617.3 ml (400–3600). Overall mean hospitalization time was 19.2+-7.3 days (7–30). Perioperative transfusion was given in 78.8% of the patients (n=156). Major complications (Clavien 3-5) were observed in 41 (20.7%) patients. The most common complication categories were gastrointestinal (28.8%). Ileus was the most common complication, occurring in 21.2% of the patients.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Our results support the consideration of a more extended follow-up period to define the morbidity of RC. The standardization of the reporting criteria for complications will allow direct comparisons between studies. The complication rates after utilizing a standard reporting methodology were higher compared to studies that do not employ such methodologies.[¤]

Objectives: To investigate the characteristics of cases of NIH category I acute prostatitis developed after transrectal prostate biopsy and clarifiy the risk factors and preventive factors. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3.479 cases of transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsies performed with different prophylactic antibiotherapy regimens at two different institutions between January 2011 and February 2016. The patients of Group I have received ciprofloxacin (n=1.523, 500mg twice daily) and the patients of Group II have received ciprofloxacin plus ornidazole (n=1.956, 500mg twice daily) and cleansing enema combination as prophylactic antibiotherapy. The incidence, clinical features and other related microbiological and clinical data, were evaluated. Results: Mean age was 62.38 +/- 7.30 (47-75), and the mean prostate volume was 43.17 +/- 15.20 (21-100) mL. Of the 3.479 patients, 39 (1.1%) developed acute prostatitis after the prostate biopsy procedure. Of the 39 cases of acute prostatitis, 28/3.042 occurred after the first biopsy and 11/437 occurred after repeat biopsy (p=0.038). In Group I, 22 of 1.523 (1.4%) patients developed acute prostatitis. In Group II, 17 of 1.959 (0.8%) patients developed acute prostatitis. There was no statistical difference between the two groups according to acute prostatitis rates (X2=2.56, P=0.11). Further, hypertension or DM were not related to the development of acute prostatitis (P=0.76, X2=0.096 and P=0.83, X2=0.046, respectively). Conclusions: Repeat biopsy seems to increase the risk of acute prostatitis, while the use of antibiotics effective for anaerobic pathogens seems not to be essential yet. WOS:000503407700009 31851459 Q4

Objectives To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic treatment of symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients with VUR in both transplanted and native renal units. Material and Methods Between January 2014 and December 2019, 23 transplanted patients with symptomatic VUR with reflux in both transplanted and native kidney were included in the study. All patients were patients with a history of kidney failure due to reflux nephropathy. A voiding cystourethrography was performed after at least 1 episode of acute glomerulo pyelonephritis or deterioration of the graft function. All patients underwent a urine culture and an ultrasonic evaluation preoperatively. A dextranomer/hyaluronic acid bulking agent was injected via endoscope by a rigid metal needle around a double J stent. Clinical success was defined as absent of febrile urinary tract infection during the follow-up period. Results The procedure was applied in 52 effected renal units; of these, 27 were transplanted kidneys, and 25 were native kidneys. Overall clinical success was achieved in 69.6% (N = 16) of patients. The success rate after the first procedure was 52.2% (N = 12), whereas 17.3% (N = 4) achieved success after the second treatment. No intraoperative complications occurred throughout the endoscopic procedure. Minor postoperative complications included 2 (10%) cases of self-limiting episodes of hematuria that did not require intervention. Conclusion Endoscopic treatment of symptomatic VUR for both transplanted ureter and native ureter is a safe treatment in most of the patients. Therefore, endoscopic ureteral injection is a treatment modality with low morbidity that should be preferred to open surgery as first-line treatment in this subgroup of patients.

A number of factors that can impact the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedures have previously been investigated. Complex stones that extend to the anterior calyx could affect the success and complication rates of PCNL.We analyzed the effect of anterior calyx involvement on the outcomes of patients with complex stones treated with PCNL.A total of 132 consecutive patients who underwent PCNL due to complex stones (multiple, partial staghorn, or staghorn stones) between 2015 and 2017 were enrolled in this study. They were stratified into two groups based on whether the stone extended to the anterior calyx (group 1, n = 45) or not (group 2, n = 87). The stratification was achieved through contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT). Demographics, laboratory tests, and peri- and postoperative findings (operation and fluoroscopy duration, hospital stay, utilization of flexible instruments, access numbers, total blood count change, stone-free rate [SFR], and complications) were compared between the groups. The SFR was evaluated by plain kidney-ureter-bladder radiography or CT.The demographics, operation and fluoroscopy duration, access number, and hospital stay were similar between the groups (p0.05). A higher drop in the hemoglobin level in group 1 was identified (group 1 [2.14 ± 1.49 g/dL] vs. group 2 [1.43 ± 1.31 g/dL]) (p = 0.006). The SFR among the patients with extension to the anterior calyx was 60%, compared to 77% among the patients with no extension to the anterior calyx (p = 0.041). Flexible instruments were utilized in 60% of the patients of group 1, which was a higher rate than for group 2 (36%) (p = 0.007). Complication rates were similar in the two groups according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (p0.05).Our study demonstrated that complicated stones with extension to the anterior calyx are more challenging than cases without extension to the anterior calyx. This was noted by a lower SFR, a more prominent drop in total blood count, and more frequent utilization of flexible scopes.

BACKROUND: To evaluate the factors including pelvic dimensions, which might influence operative difficulty and complications after open radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction in men. METHODS: A total of 198 RC patients operated in our institution with preoperative magnetic resonance (MRI) were analyzed were included in the study. Pelvic dimensions, including interspinous distance (ISD), bony femoral - (BFW) and soft tissue width (SW), apical prostate depth (AD), upper conjugate (UC), lower conjugate (LC) were measured by preoperative MRI. BFW, ISD, and SW indexes were defined as BFW/AD, ISD/AD, and SW/AD, respectively. Complicatons were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system. As indicators of surgical difficulty; transfusion rate (TR), estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time (OT) and hospital stay (HS) were assessed. SPSS version 17.0 was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 239 complications developed in 143 of the 198 patients (72.2%). Correlation analysis revealed a significant indirect relationship between TR and SW/AD (P=0.023). For EBL, there were significant indirect correlations between the SW/AD, BFW/AD and ISD/AD indexes (P=0.026, P=0.05, P=0.009; respectively). Additionally, OT was directly correlated body mass index (BMI) (P=0.001); and indirectly correlated with UC, SW/AD, and BFW/AD (P=0.047, P=0.038, P=0.016, respectively). On multivariate logistic regression analyses higher American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score was associated with major complications. Multivariate analyses revealed that pathological stage was a significant predictor of EBL. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with smaller pelvises might undergo more difficult surgeries. However, it seems that small sized pelvis does not impact on operative difficulty and complication rate in radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic neobladder. WOS:000477976400009 31086130 Q1

The aim of this study was to describe a technique using full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) from different parts of the body for salvage urethroplasties and the present outcomes. A total of 24 men underwent urethroplasties for strictures averaging 7.7 cm (range, 5–17 cm) in length, using FTSGs from the inner arm, inner thigh, or abdominal skin. Each of these cases had at least one failed urethroplasty. Twenty-four patients underwent surgery for 26 urethral strictures, with a mean follow-up period of 23.2 (5–44) months and a mean operation time of 140 (115–180) minutes. Reconstruction of the urethra with skin grafting was successful in 18 out of the 26 procedures during the first attempt (69%). A “redo” skin grafting was performed for the eight failed cases, with four successful procedures (50%). Overall, the success rate was 84% (22 out of 26 urethral strictures); however, the failed cases developed abscesses and later, ureterocutaneous fistulas. No hair formation from the skin grafts was seen. Skin grafts provide useful alternative graft sources for previously failed long-segment urethral strictures in which the buccal mucosae are not available or are insufficient for salvage urethroplasties with an acceptable success rate.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the different surgical approaches of two centers on outcomes of live donor laparoscopic nephrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The first 98 patients of each centre who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) or hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) were included in the study. The following data were used for analyses: donor age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), transfusion requirement, operative time, ischemia time and postoperative complications. RESULTS Median age, BMI, operation time and estimated blood loss (EBL) was 47.29 years, 27.91 kg/m2, 110.73 minutes, and 78.95 mL, respectively. Operation time was significantly shorter in the HALDN group (t=-3.554, p 0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected in the intraoperative and postoperative complication rates between two groups (p>0.05). The postoperative complication rate was 7.14% (n=7) and 6.12% (n=6) in the LDN and HALDN groups, respectively. There were two patients with conversion to open surgery in the HALDN group because of lumbar vein injury. CONCLUSION The operative and postoperative outcomes for the two techniques were found to be similar. The HALDN technique preserves the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. In experienced urologic laparoscopy centres both techniques promise similar success rates.

Background The aim of the study was to characterise urological complications after renal transplantation and to evaluate the role of minimally invasive management for urological complications. Methods A total of 920 kidney transplantations were performed between 2008 and 2015. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year after transplantation. Complications regarded as urological were urinary leakage, ureteral stricture, urinary malignancy, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and urinary calculi. We evaluated data from the time of occurrence of urological complications and the type of the management prescribed. Results Among 920 transplantations performed in our clinic, 41 (4.4%) urological complications arose. Twenty (48.8%) of the complications occurred during the first 3 months and 21 (51.2%) occurred after 3 months, postoperatively. Ureteral strictures were found in 14 (34.1%) patients, urinary tract stones in seven (17%), BOO in 6 (14.6%) and urinary leakage was observed in 5 (12.1%) patients. Ureteral stricture was managed with endoscopic approach in eight (61.3%) patients. Urinary tract stones and urinary leakage were managed in 7 (100%) and 4 (75%) patients with endoscopic approach. Overall 29 (70.7%) of 41 urological complications were managed with endourological approaches. Conclusions It is likely that the importance of open surgery could decrease in the future. Endoscopic management of urological complications have come to have an important role in the treatment of urological complications after transplantation.

Introduction: We investigated the efficacy of nephrostomy balloon catheter inflation in the access tract for the control of bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS) and laser lithotripsy for the treatment of allograft kidney lithiasis. Patients and Methods In a retrospective analysis of 897 consecutive renal transplantations that were performed at our center between February 2008 and December 2014, 6 patients were found to have allograft lithiasis. F-URS and laser lithotripsy were performed 6 times on 5 patients (twice for 1 patient who had stone recurrence after 6 months). Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was used for the remaining patient. Patient demographics and stone characteristics (age, sex, stone size, stone analysis, location, history of shockwave lithotripsy) and perioperative measures (duration of operation, fluoroscopic imaging, success and complication rates) were reviewed. In addition, the technical difficulties of standard F-URS procedures in transplanted kidneys were reviewed and some facilitative techniques were defined to increase the success rate. Results A total of 5 patients underwent 6 F-URS procedures and laser lithotripsy operations for renal graft lithiasis. The mean stone size was 9.2 mm (7.5–11 mm). The mean operation and fluoroscopy times were calculated as 55 minutes (40–70 minutes) and 57.5 seconds (40–80 seconds), respectively. Treatment was successful in all patients and no severe complications or mortality occurred. One patient experienced transient hematuria and recovered within 36 hours. Conclusion F-URS is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment modality for small- and medium-sized stones in allograft kidney lithiasis.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome of penile prosthesis implantation in patients with various comorbidities as a cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). The data of 181 patients who underwent surgery between 1998 and 2012 in two centers were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 52.2 years (range: 31–71 years). The study group contained 162 patients (89.5%) with malleable prostheses and 19 (10.5%) with inflatable implants. All patients were re-evaluated 1 month later to assess prosthesis function and complications, and further re-examinations were performed if needed. Satisfaction was defined as having satisfactory intercourse and happiness with the device in general. The follow-up period was at least 12 months for each patient. The postoperative complication rate was 32% (n = 58). The number of complications with inflatable and malleable prostheses was 7 (3.9%) and 51 (28.1%), respectively. Overall, 21 prostheses (11.6%) had to be removed because of various complications and patient dissatisfaction. Patients with prior radical surgery had higher extraction rates (ƛ = 14.606, P < 0.05, Chi-square test). The main reasons for removal were erosion (n = 11; 6.1%) and infection (n = 3; 2.1%). With respect to satisfaction during intercourse, we found that 104 (57.5%) patients described themselves as very satisfied with the prosthesis, while 21 (11.6%) were unsatisfied. The high explantation rate in patients with prior surgery was remarkable in our study. Our results revealed that a malleable prosthesis should not be the preferred type of implant for patients with prior surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the treatment modalities of total ureteral avulsion and to clarify the risk factors of this serious complication. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 3 patients with complete ureteral avulsion during ureteroscopy. Of the three patients, two had distal ureteral complete avulsion, and one total ureteral avulsion on both ends. Ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) was immediately performed after distal ureteral avulsion cases. Ileal ureter substition was performed on the same session after the total ureteral avulsion in both ends. Two of the patients were under chronic use of corticosteroid treatment due to diagnosis of idiopathic trombocytopenic purpura and myastenia gravis and all patients had unsuccesful shockwave litotripsy (SWL) treatment history with at least 1 month period before surgery. Results: The patient who had ileal ureter substitution was followed at 3-month intervals by ultrasonography and renal function tests and she was uneventful after a 2 year follow-up period. The patients treated with UNC were followed up at 3 month interval by ultrasonography and renal function tests. They had normal renal function 1 year after the operation Conclusion: Complete ureteral avulsion is a rare but severe complication. Treatment modality can vary and ileal ureter can be applied succesfully in the total ureter avulsion in both ends when bladder capacity is not enough for a Boari flap. Failed SWL and/or corticosteroid treatment history of patients seems to increase the risk of the ureteral avulsion.

Objective: This study aims to investigate whether pathology results obtained by radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) were correlated with active surveillance (AS) criteria defined by Klotz, Soloway and D’Amico. Materials and Methods: In our clinic we evaluated 211 patients with diagnosis of localized prostate cancer who underwent RRP between 2007 and 2012. AS criteria defined by Soloway (cT ≤ T2, PSA ≤ 15 ng/dl, Gleason ≤ 6), Klotz (cT1c-T2a; if age ≥ 70 PSA ≤ 15 ng/dl, if age < 70 PSA ≤ 10 ng/dl; if age ≥ 70 Gleason ≤ 7(3+4), if age < 70 Gleason ≤ 6) and D’Amico (cT1c-T2a, PSA ≤ 10 ng/dl, Gleason ≤ 6) were used in our study. Pathological stages and Gleason scores were evaluated with coherence to AS protocols, mis-staging rates, biochemical recurrence (BC) of the mis-staged patients and death due to prostate cancer Data was analyzed using NCSS 2007 & PASS 2008 Statistical Software (Utah, USA). Chi square test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for analyzing qualitative data. Significance was determined as p < 0.05. Results: 137 (64.9%) patients were coherent with Soloway AS criteria, 118 (55.9%) with Klotz AS criteria and 108 (51.1%) with D’Amico AS criteria. Histopathological results of the patients grouped according to Soloway, Klotz and D’Amico AS protocols showed high stage prostate cancer in 40 (29.2%), 32 (27%) and 27 (24.9%) patients, respectively. High grade prostate cancer rates in Soloway, Klotz, D’Amico groups were 55 (40.2%), 46 (38%) and 39 (36.1%); respectively. Misstaging rates of Soloway, Klotz and D’Amico AS protocols were determined as 65 (47.4%), 54 (45.5%) and 46 (42.5%), respectively. In the Soloway group BC rate was 21.9% in those with high stages. Relation between BC and high stage was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Misstaging rates were relatively high in the three groups and there was no difference between the three groups in BC rates. Randomized studies with adequate follow up are needed.

Choriocarcinoma is the most malignant tumor of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. It grows rapidly and metastasizes to the lung, liver, and less frequently, the brain. Metastases to the kidney are rare in the literature, and bilateral involvement is even more scarce. Renal involvement of choriocarcinoma is highly exceptional and may mimic renal cell carcinoma. Here we report a case of bilateral renal choriocarcinoma presenting 5 years after a history of a total anterior hysterectomy because of a hydatidiform mole.