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Aim To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis [UC] in real life. Methods Patients from the prospectively maintained ENEIDA registry and treated with tofacitinib due to active UC were included. Clinical activity and effectiveness were defined based on Partial Mayo Score [PMS]. Short-term response/remission was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, and 16. Results A total of 113 patients were included. They were exposed to tofacitinib for a median time of 44 weeks. Response and remission at Week 8 were 60% and 31%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, higher PMS at Week 4 (odds ratio [OR] = 0].2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0].1–0.4) was the only variable associated with lower likelihood of achieving remission at Week 8. Higher PMS at Week 4 [OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3–0.7] and higher PMS at Week 8 [OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1–0.5] were associated with lower probability of achieving remission at Week 16. A total of 45 patients [40%] discontinued tofacitinib over time. Higher PMS at Week 8 was the only factor associated with higher tofacitinib discontinuation [hazard ratio = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.3–1.6]. A total of 34 patients had remission at Week 8; of these, 65% had relapsed 52 weeks after achieving remission; the dose was increased to 10 mg/12 h in nine patients, and five of them reached remission again. Seventeen patients had adverse events. Conclusions Tofacitinib is effective and safe in UC patients in real practice, even in a highly refractory cohort. A relevant proportion of patients discontinue the drug over time, mainly due to primary failure.

Acute massive gastric dilatation is a rare and life-threatening condition, which has been described in patients with eating disorders. This manuscript illustrates the important role of CT scan in assessing gastric wall perfusion and integrity of the adjacent organs and excluding gastric gangrene, necrosis or perforation, conditions that will require immediate surgical exploration. Although acute gastric dilatation has been previously described in literature, the CT scan images of this case show that, despite the massive gastric dilatation, a correct assessment of the gastric perfusion in conjunction with a prompt nasogastric decompression and fluid resuscitation, can obviate the need for an aggresive surgical treatment.

Background Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis (UC) in real life. Methods Patients from the prospectively maintained ENEIDA registry treated with tofacitinib due to active UC were included. Clinical activity and effectiveness were defined based on Partial Mayo Score (PMS). The short-term response was assessed at week 4, 8 and 16. The last-observation-carried-forward method was used in patients that stopped tofacitinib before the time-points for clinical assessment. Variables associated with short-term remission at week 8 were identified by logistic regression analysis. The cumulative retention rate and the cumulative incidence of relapse over time were assessed by survival curves. Cox-regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of tofacitinib discontinuation or relapse over time. Data quality was assessed by remote monitoring. Results 113 patients were included (Table 1 and Figure 1) and exposed to tofacitinib a median of 44 (interquartile range = 30–66) weeks. Response and remission at week 8 were 60% and 31%, respectively (Figure 2). In multivariate analysis, higher PMS at week 4 [odds ratio (OR)=0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1–0.4] was the only variable associated with the likeliness of achieving remission at week 8. Higher PMS at week 4 (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3–0.7) and higher PMS at week 8 (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1–0.5) were associated with lower probability of achieving remission at week 16. Twenty per cent of those without remission at week 4, and 12% of those without remission at week 8, achieved remission at week 16. A total of 45 patients (40%) discontinued tofacitinib over time (Figure 3); the discontinuation rate was 34% and 46% at 24 and 52 weeks, respectively. PMS at week 8 was the only factor associated with tofacitinib discontinuation [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.3–1.6)]. A total of 33 patients had remission at week 8; from them, 65% relapsed 52 weeks after achieving remission; 9 patients increased the dose to 10 mg /12 h and 5 reached remission again. No factors associated with relapse over time were identified. Eighteen patients had adverse events (4 hypercholesterolaemia, 2 herpes zoster, 3 infections, 2 dyspnoea, 1 neoplasia, 1 lymphopenia, 1 headache, 1 hypertriglyceridaemia and 4 others). No thromboembolic events were reported. Conclusion Tofacitinib is relatively effective in UC patients in real practice even in a highly refractory cohort. Only 10% of the patients without remission at week 8 reached remission at week 16. A relevant proportion of patients discontinue the drug over time, mainly due to primary failure. Over 60% of patients that achieve remission, relapse over time. Safety was consistent with the known profile of tofacitinib