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[EN] This article uses the data indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases up to and including the year 2020 to map leading regions and trending topics in academic innovation policy research. The country analysis highlights four leading regions in this research field: Western Europe (led by the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, and Spain), North America (led by the USA), Scandinavia (led by Sweden and Denmark), and Asia-Pacific (led by China and Australia). The most common keywords are used to develop a conceptual framework. Applying the Tree of Science approach, we classify the most influential studies into three categories: foundational studies (the roots), structural studies (the trunk), and recent studies (the leaves). This approach shows that trending topics are built around five main pillars: innovation systems, policy tools, knowledge management, sustainability, and entrepreneurship. Finally, based on analysis of the most common keywords and the most influential studies, we propose a Sextuple Helix model. This model consists of the Quintuple Helix (government, university, industry, knowledge society, and sustainability) with the added dimension of entrepreneurship. This model offers an analytical framework with massive potential for academic research on innovation policy in the current economic context., This work was supported by Generalitat Valenciana: [Grant Number GV063/19]; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and FEDER: [Grant Number RTI2018-093791-B-C22].

[EN] National systems of innovation (NSI) have attracted substantial interest from public administrations, the scientific community and international organizations. Innovation is a key factor for countries to be competitive in the today's global economy. Entrepreneurship is an innovation source that has gained importance in NSI research over the last few decades. This focus on entrepreneurship in the context of NSI has led scholars to propose novel concepts such as entrepreneurial ecosystems and the national system of entrepreneurship (NSE). This paper uses bibliometric methods and the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) database to explore how entrepreneurship fits into NSI research and to study the increasing importance of entrepreneurship within this research field. The NSI conceptual framework is developed according to the most common keywords, and the most influential NSI studies are identified using the total number of citations and the ratio number of citations per year. Two sets of studies are analyzed: (1) older documents on traditional topics such as the origins and evolution of NSIs, the capacity of countries to innovate, and the relationships of institutions, different organizational forms, networking, production and competence building with innovation and (2) newer entrepreneurship research documents. Based on analysis of the most common keywords, the most influential studies and multiple entrepreneurship approaches, we propose a Sextuple Helix model as an analytical framework that brings together innovation and entrepreneurship., Alicia Mas Tur wishes to thank Project [GV/2021/121], funded by the Generalitat Valenciana. Norat Roig-Tierno wishes to thank Project [GV/2019/063], funded by the Generalitat Valenciana, and Grant RTI2018-093791-B-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe.

Drawing on the literature, this paper examines a set of criteria for successful adaptive governance of the commons from an entrepreneurial perspective. These criteria or success factors are definit...

[EN] European Political Science (EPS) has been a leading political science journal since its launch in 2001. This article examines the contribution of European Political Science over its 20-year history. The bibliometric analysis draws on Web of Science data and VOSviewer software. These tools help detect collaboration networks, bibliographic coupling and co-citations to identify the most relevant topics and knowledge appearing in European Political Science. The evaluation of EPS reveals four areas of interest: migration, education, comparative politics and democracy. Recent interests include the current debate on populisms, social media and political parties, with antecedents and implications that transcend national boundaries., This research benefitted from: (i) grants RTI2018-093791-B-C21 and RTI2018-093791-B-C22 funded by Ministry of Science and Innovation and ERDF. (ii) GV063/19 by Generalitat Valenciana.

[EN] Today¿s key challenge for firm growth relies in the integration of digital technologies and their use in new business models. Thus, firms increasingly engage in a digital transformation and in digitalizing their business model. Firms can apply digital technologies for improved or novel internal and external processes and integrate them in new business models. The digital transformation itself demands diverse knowledge from diverse origins in the firm. We examine the key concepts related to business model digitalization. We develop a conceptual matrix for portfolio considerations of firm business model digitalization. We introduce the seven contributions in this special issue on knowledge and innovation related to business and offer some recommendations for future research on the new working conditions and digital identities of firms.

International expansion requires specific management methods to adapt to differences between cultures, thus requiring global strategies that ensure efficient diversity management. The incre...

This special issue follows the 2018 Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy (GIKA) Conference, which took place at the Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Martir” in Spain from June 25th to 27th, 2018. As the eighth of its kind, the 2018 GIKA conference continued to attract the attention of scholars from around the world. The subject of this special issue—Digital Innovation and Venturing—had its own track at the GIKA conference, which served as a first-round review of some of the submissions to the journal. The special issue was also open for external submissions. As a result, this special issue includes seven contributions on the digitalization of entrepreneurship, encompassing important topics like digital business models, crowdfunding, and the sharing economy.

Purpose There is a growing research interest in the relationships between networks and the firm’s assets and between networks and innovation. Studies have shown the complexity and idiosyncrasies of these relationships for firms in clusters. The way firms in clusters build certain organizational resources and capabilities, however, remains underexplored. Based on the assumption that most of these organizational assets rely on human resources, the purpose of this paper is to shed light on the mechanisms through which a set of managerial practices (the human resource management (HRM) system) enhances innovation. Design/methodology/approach Micro-level data were collected for 139 firms located in three Spanish industrial clusters. Next, the main constructs were developed. A multiple mediator model was then used to examine how HRM systems influence innovation through strategic vision, embeddedness in local networks, the implementation of enterprise systems, and cluster characteristics. Findings The effect of HRM systems on innovation performance was indirect rather than direct. All four mediating variables included in the model were found to be relevant mechanisms through which HRM systems affect innovation performance. The statistical significance of these variables, however, varied depending on the type of innovation (product, process, organizational, or marketing). Practical implications Greater attention should be paid to the structure and sophistication of HRM systems. Top-level managers should be aware of the linkages between HRM systems and mediators. Greater human resource orientation in strategic planning, enterprise system design, and networking practices reinforces the association between HRM systems and innovation. Originality/value This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between HRM systems and innovation. From an academic perspective, this study enriches the cluster literature by better integrating human resources with innovation processes. Furthermore, this study creates research opportunities by disentangling the role of different managerial practices and refining the operationalization of the mediating variables. The findings can also help managers develop human resources and innovation strategies.

[EN] This study identifies the combination of factors that lead to quality management reinforcing innovation capability as an organization's strength. The results from 133 Spanish service organizations show that competitive strategy, manager's motivation to adopt quality management, and customer orientation are the key factors that explain the presence of innovation capability as a firm's strength. As some pioneering research points out, the impact of quality management on innovation depends mainly on managers' interpretation of this management philosophy. When quality management focuses on discovering new customer needs and even new markets, it contributes to strengthen the organization's innovation capability.

This study analyzes the scientic literature on technology transfer by comparing the studies on this topic indexed in Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) database and Scopus (SC) database using bibliometric techniques. The technology transfer process plays an essential role within an interactive and open approach of the innovation process. Public Research Organizations receive major public investment for research and development (R&D) and the eectiveness of technology transfer into new or better products or processes is strongly related to the contribution of those public investments to economic development. As a consequence, countries and regions economies become more innovative, which allows them to increase productivity and competitiveness, boost growth and create jobs, improve healthcare, transport, digital services and countless new products and services, develop a more social and sustainable economic model, and address current social challenges such as climate change and food security. For this reason, Public Administrations are actively searching for new ways to improve the technology transfer processes. On the other hand, the academic literature is increasingly focusing on technology transfer in order to provide scientic data for the public policies design and for the evaluation of these policies’ results. The main objective of this study is to provide a general and comprehensive overview of the main dierences between the WoS CC and Scopus databases on technology transfer research, and to identify recurrent trends in both databases. The bibliometric study analyzes the publication year structure and the distribution of documents pe research area, as well as the most cited articles, the most productive and inuential authors, institutions, countries and journals, and the most common author keywords; also, bibliometric mappings of bibliographic coupling of countries, co-citation of journals, and co-occurrence of author keywords will be implemented in order to present a graphical visualization of these variables

This special issue is an outcome of the 2017 Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy (GIKA) Conference, which took place at ISEG School of Economics and Management, Lisbon, Portugal, between June 28th and 30th, 2017. As the seventh of its kind, the 2017 GIKA Conference continued to attract the attention of scholars from around the world, receiving more than 600 submissions, only 300 of which were accepted for presentation at the conference. The topic of this special issue—the relation between coopetition and innovation/entrepreneurship—had an own track at the GIKA Conference, which served as a first round review for some of the submissions to the journal. The special issue was also open for external submissions.

[EN] The regional innovation system (RIS) is a popular way of explaining a region¿s development and competitiveness based on innovation activities and processes. In this paper, bibliometric techniques are used to analyze all RIS studies indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) database as of December 2017. The goal of the analysis is to identify the main trends in RIS research. The evolution of the total number of publications and citations per year indicates that this research field has garnered considerable attention from the scientific community, public administrations, and international organizations. Analysis of the most common keywords and their co-occurrence sheds light on the conceptual framework of RIS research, where knowledge, innovation, clusters, policy, networks, systems, R&D, firms, and industry are key concepts. The 17 most influential RIS articles indexed in WoS CC are identified according to the total number of citations and the ratio of number of citations per year. Reviewing these 17 articles reveals 3 groups of underlying research trends: (1) research on innovation systems, which was mainly conducted in the 1990s, (2) research on knowledge management since the beginning of the 2000s, and (3) research on entrepreneurial ecosystems in recent years. Finally, analysis of citations to these 17 most influential RIS articles reveals strong interconnections according to the number of times they are cited together., Norat Roig-Tierno wish to thank Project GV/2019/063, funded by the Generalitat Valenciana, for supporting this research.

This chapter belongs to the vein of research that analyses family firms from a configurational approach. This survey explores which combination of competitive strategy, environmental turbulence, family complexity, and family firm management and governance arrangements are present when firm performance is present. This research follows Le Breton-Miller and Miller's call to gain a better understanding of the interaction between competitive strategy, environmental conditions, and family firm features. Literature reports controversial results with regard to family-business strategic preferences and firm performance, and recent research shows that this relationship needs considering both industry and family context. This chapter analyses a sample of 129 Spanish SME-Family-Business that belong to the tourism industry. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, the authors find seven configurations to firm performance presence and one recipe for performance absence.

In the last decades, sustainable development has become an important topic of discussion for scholars and practitioners concerned with environmental issues. Since the publication of the Brundtland Report, which represents a milestone in triggering awareness for sustainability issues, sustainable development has steadily gained popularity to become one of the most important environmental discourses today. Together with innovation, the United Nations identified entrepreneurship as a key element for addressing sustainable development challenges. Due to its growing recognition as a driver of sustainable development, entrepreneurship is subject to research across many scientific disciplines. To systemize the current state of knowledge, the purpose of this paper is to systematically review recent literature and to outline how sustainable development influences entrepreneurial activities and vice versa. In addition, it investigates whether and under what circumstances entrepreneurship can contribute to the economic, environmental and social dimension of sustainable development. The systematic literature review shows that several research areas, such as opportunities, motivations, competencies, strategies and business models of sustainability-oriented entrepreneurs, have already received wide coverage by academic literature. However, our knowledge about how entrepreneurial activities contribute to the achievement of the United Nations sustainable development goals is still limited and should be addressed by further research.

International opportunity recognition has become an important field of research in recent years. This study deals with the effects of entrepreneurial alertness, systematic search, prior knowledge, and social networks on first-time international opportunity recognition of entrepreneurs inside born global firms. In order to answer this research question, a quantitative survey within born global firms was conducted. The empirical results demonstrate that entrepreneurs of born global firms tend to recognize the first international opportunity through a combination of entrepreneurial alertness and systematic search. Furthermore, network relationships are essential for entrepreneurs within these firms because they can aid in identifying the initial international opportunity. The findings also illustrate that the entrepreneur's prior international knowledge as well as prior international experience positively contribute to the initial international opportunity recognition.

This paper introduces current research that focuses on the role of qualitative research in social media including the new ways of marketing promotion, participation, and interaction enabled by social media. The articles included in this special issue of Psychology & Marketing were selected from papers submitted to the 6th Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy (GIKA) conference held in March 2016 in Valencia, Spain. This paper provides a brief synthesis of the contributions of these articles to understanding social media's impact on the ability of organizations to better engage with and market to customers.

This research seeks to determine which sources of knowledge have the greatest effect on financial entities' knowledge acquisition and management. A review of the literature on knowledge management examines four key knowledge sources: Human resources, organizational management, technology adoption, and the business environment. The study performs pairwise comparisons of variables through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), using a scale that captures the importance of each criterion, thereby simplifying the decision process. Results show that human resources and new technology adoption are the most effective sources of knowledge acquisition and management. Specifically, one of the most effective elements is the organizational members' reasoned knowledge (i.e., the ease with which organizational members draw conclusions from their tasks).

This research examines the relationship between growth and the use of support infrastructures for innovative entrepreneurship. The study considers three types of support infrastructure: incubators, technology centers, and universities. Employing crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA), the study tests the existence of such relationships using empirical data from a sample ( n = 107) of young innovative companies. Results show that combining the use of incubators, technology centers, and universities can positively affect young innovate companies' growth.

This research provides insight on the mechanisms through which knowledge acquired through promotional events and through spatial co-location simultaneously sustains firm s innovation. Applying the concept of temporary clusters to promotional events, we simultaneously test how internal resources mediating effect and promotional events moderating role affect innovation in clusters. Regression analyses with nonparametric bootstrapping and a large sample of Spanish clusters confirm the synergies derived from the combination of internal resources, local relationships, and complementary foreign events. Although extra-cluster linkages increase this effect, synergies creation requires attendance to international exhibitions or conventions. Valuable implications for practitioners and policy makers are discussed.

Sustainability is becoming increasingly important for society, and the creation of business ventures is one area where sustainability is critical. We examined the factors affecting actions that are designed to foster business sustainability. These factors are related to the environment, behavior, human relations, and business activity. Based on questionnaire responses from experts, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to rank sustainable business criteria according to their importance for entrepreneurs starting sustainable businesses. The results indicate that the most important drivers of sustainable entrepreneurship are behavioral factors and business factors. Ethical principles and values, together with competitive intelligence, are crucial for undertaking actions that lead to sustainability. Keywords: entrepreneurship; sustainability; behavior; environment; human relations

In today’s world of increasing ecological, social and economic issues, the question as to how businesses can become a vehicle towards more sustainable development has become more relevant than ever. Crucial to a more sustainable economy is the successful implementation of sustainable practices through entrepreneurial activities. Although there are attempts to describe how sustainable entrepreneurs differentiate themselves, the question of how some entrepreneurs manage to successfully create a sustainable enterprise, while others do not, remains unanswered. The aim of this research is to find causal patterns that explain the success of sustainable entrepreneurs, using their social performance as a measure. Using a configuration approach-based fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of 598 Austrian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we could identify four different combinations of the interconnected variables of innovation orientation, environmental sustainability, resource leveraging and achievement motivation, which all lead to social performance depending on the respective networking intensity of the firms. The only variable that is included in all combinations is environmental sustainability, thus indicating it may be either crucial to or a prerequisite for achieving social performance in SMEs.

[EN] Given the importance of competition in the retail sector, this research builds on spatial interaction theory to develop the competition index (CI). For this, geographic information systems (GIS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used. AHP results reveal that key factors to assess competitors relate to location and branding. The proposed method was tested by evaluating 45 supermarkets in the city of Castellón (Spain). Using this method, sales targets can be adapted to each outlet’s individual circumstances., [ES] Dada la importancia de la competencia en el sector de la distribución comercial, esta investigación desarrolla el índice de competencia (IC) a partir de la teoría de la interacción espacial, utilizando los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) y el proceso de jerarquía analítica (AHP). Los resultados del AHP revelan que los factores clave están relacionados con la ubicación y la marca. La metodología propuesta se aplica en la ciudad de Castellón, valorando 45 supermercados. Utilizando este método, los objetivos de ventas se pueden adaptar a las condiciones particulares de cada establecimiento.

Young innovative companies (YICs) are becoming increasingly prominent in the debate on industrial policy because of their role as drivers of industry and the economy. The aim of this research was to determine which variables associated with the entrepreneur and the creation of YICs enable access to public entrepreneurship policies. This analysis compared Mas-Tur and Simon-Moya’s (2015) results (obtained using regression analysis) with results yielded by Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Using the QCA methodology, we identified causal configurations that lead companies to receive subsidies, or conversely, that lead companies not to receive subsidies. We thus observed differences in findings obtained using these two techniques.

[EN] Knowledge-intensive activities (KIAs) are a fundamental part of innovation. In turn, innovation drives economic growth and regional development. Logically, therefore, understanding the factors that are conducive to KIAs is important for regions to plan and build toward a sustainable future. The literature discusses a host of environmental factors that affect a region's capacity to engage in KIAs. Adopting a regional focus, this study discusses these factors and presents a causal model to explain how these environmental antecedents affect KIAs. The study then presents an application of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze knowledge-intensive activities in 181 European regions across 22 countries. The analysis shows that several causal configurations of environmental factors are conducive to KIAs. Accordingly, the study discusses the policy implications of these findings.

The Journal of Business Research is a leading international journal in business research dating back to 1973. This study analyzes all the publications in the journal since its creation by using a bibliometric approach. The objective is to provide a complete overview of the main factors that affect the journal. This analysis includes key issues such as the publication and citation structure of the journal, the most cited articles, and the leading authors, institutions, and countries in the journal. Unsurprisingly, the USA is the leading region in the journal although a considerable dispersion exists, especially during the last years when European and Asian universities are taking a more significant position.

TThis article reviews the situation of single and double degrees in both public and private Spanish universities. To do so, this study analyzes information from the Registry of Universities, Centers, and Qualifications (RUCT) and Universia Spain. After analyzing the programs currently available to students, we present a proposal to establish a double degree in Administration and Business Management/Industrial Management Engineering. The proposal specifies the degree’s main objectives, specific nature, and fundamental aims and benefits in terms of technical, corporate, innovative, and entrepreneurial competencies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/HEAd15.2015.487

This paper analyzes the impact of business incubators on firm survival. Using a configurational comparative method, namely fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), the article also examines whether degree of business innovation, size, sector, and export activity affects firm survival. Results show that, when combined with other variables (i.e. sector, technology), business size is a sufficient condition for firm survival. Likewise, incubators alone cannot affect survival. A combination between incubators and other factors is necessary to ensure firm survival. Sin financiación 2.129 JCR (2015) Q2, 40/120 Business UEV

This chapter presents crowdsourcing as a novel way of overcoming barriers facing women entrepreneurs, offering alternatives to conventional solutions. The study analyzes three barriers to women entrepreneurship: access to financing, access to specific management knowledge, and access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). For each barrier, a different form of crowdsourcing is proposed: crowdfunding, crowd wisdom, and crowdfunded media, respectively. Using these crowdsourcing tools, women entrepreneurs can overcome major difficulties when starting businesses.

This study employs analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to develop a methodology that allows researchers to select factors for new measures in value co-creation analysis. AHP shows that successful factors for co-creation relate to the sequential stages of the relationship between hotels and disabled customers, which derives from co-creation processes. The resulting model highlights the principal factors affecting value co-creation when hotel/disabled customers interact, have a dialogue, and collaborate with staff to innovate and create new products and services at booking and stay encounters. These interactions may allow hotels to develop a strong foundation of common knowledge on value management and disabled customers. 2.129 JCR (2015) Q2, 40/120 Business UEM

[EN] The retail distribution sector is facing a difficult time as the current landscape is characterized by ever-increasing competition. In these conditions, the search for an appropriate location strategy has the potential to become a differentiating and competitive factor. Although, in theory, an increasing level of importance is placed on geography because of its key role in understanding the success of a business, this is not the case in practice. For this reason, the process outlined in this paper has been specifically developed to detect new business locations. The methodology consists of a range of analyzes with Geographical Information Systems (GISs) from a marketing point of view. This new approach is called geomarketing. First, geodemand and geocompetition are located on two separate digital maps using spatial and non-spatial databases. Second, a third map is obtained by matching this information with the demand not dealt with properly by the current commercial offer. Third, the Kernel density allows users to visualize results, thus facilitating decision-making by managers, regardless of their professional background. The advantage of this methodology is the capacity of GIS to handle large amounts of information, both spatial and non-spatial. A practical application is performed in Murcia (Spain) with 100 supermarkets and data at a city block level, which is the highest possible level of detail. This detection process can be used in any commercial distribution company, so it can be generalized and considered a global solution for retailers.