1. Historical management of equine resources in France from the Iron Age to the Modern Period
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Ludovic Orlando, Patrick Wincker, Julie Rivière, Nicolas Boulbes, Franck Decanter, Clio Der Sarkissian, Charleen Gaunitz, Naveed Khan, Jean-Marc Aury, Stéphane Frère, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Maude Barme, Nicolas Morand, Sébastien Lepetz, Aude Perdereau, Charlotte Méla, Xuexue Liu, Duha Alioglu, Ariadna Nieto Espinet, Gaëtan Jouanin, Lorelei Chauvey, Laure Tonasso-Calvière, Christian Vallet, Jean-Hervé Yvinec, Olivier Putelat, Pierre Clavel, Marilyne Salin, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Armelle Gardeisen, Oscar Estrada, Sylvain Foucras, Antoine Fages, Opale Robin, Benoît Clavel, Alice Bourgois, Stéphanie Schiavinato, European Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Université de Toulouse, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l'Oise (CRAVO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Direction Archéologie et Muséum de la ville d'Aix-en-Provence, Centre Technique Municipal RTE des Milles Aix-en-Provence, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University (AWKU), Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archeodunum S.A. : investigations archéologiques, Institución Milá y Fontanals de investigación en Humanidades (IMF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie d'Alsace, Service archéologique de Chartres, Service archéologique de la ville de Bourges, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-EURE-0010,CHESS,Toulouse Graduate School défis en économie et sciences sociales quantitatives(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Archeology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Distribution (economics) ,Breeding ,Horse ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Late Antiquity ,biology.animal ,Donkey ,Middle Ages ,Hinny ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Archaeozoology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Ancient DNA ,business.industry ,Roman Period ,biology.organism_classification ,Geography ,Iron Age ,Husbandry ,Ethnology ,Identification (biology) ,Equidae ,business ,Mule - Abstract
Alongside horses, donkeys and their first-generation hybrids represent members of the Equidae family known for their social, economic and symbolic importance in protohistoric and historical France. However, their relative importance and their respective roles in different regions and time periods are difficult to assess based on textual, iconographic and archaeological evidence. This is both due to incomplete, partial and scattered historical sources and difficulties to accurately assign fragmentary archaeological remains at the proper taxonomic level. DNA- based methods, however, allow for a robust identification of the taxonomic status of ancient equine osseous material from minimal sequence data. Here, we leveraged shallow ancient DNA sequencing and the dedicated Zonkey computational pipeline to obtain the first baseline distribution for horses, mules and donkeys in France from the Iron Age to the Modern period. Our collection includes a total of 873 ancient specimens spanning 128 sites and comprising 717 horses, 100 donkeys, 55 mules and a single hinny individual. While horses were ubiquitous and the most dominant species identified, our dataset reveals the importance of mule breeding during Roman times, especially between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE (Common Era), where they represented between 20.0% and 34.2% of equine assemblages. In contrast, donkeys were almost absent from northern France as- semblages during the whole Roman period, but replaced mules in rural and urban commercial and economic centers from the early Middle Ages. Our work also identified donkeys of exceptional size during Late Antiquity, which calls for a deep reassessment of the true morphological space of past equine species. This study confirmed the general preference toward horses throughout all time periods investigated but revealed dynamic manage- ment strategies leveraging the whole breadth of equine resources in various social, geographic and temporal contexts., Pierre Clavel’s PhD position is funded by the CNRS MITI interdisciplinary programme (Mission pour les Initiatives Transverses et Interdisciplinaires). Xuexue Liu was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 101027750. Andaine Seguin-Orlando acknowledges IAST for funding from ANR under grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d’Avenir programme). This work was supported by the France G ́enomique Appel `a Grand Projet (ANR-10-INBS-09-08, BUCEPHALE project); the Initiative d’Excellence Chaires d’attractivit ́e, Universit ́e de Toulouse (OURASI) and the Villum Fonden miGENEPI research project. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 681605)
- Published
- 2021