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Objectives.Periodontal disease is prevalent and has an inflammation associated with not only oral but also systemic pathologies. The diagnosis by biomarkers is required for clinical practice on periodontal disease. The lactoferrin andα1-antitrypsin were both inflammation-related molecules. The present study investigated the relationship between the periodontal status and the two biomarkers in gingival retention fluid (GRF).Patients and Methods. In 63 subjects with periodontitis, the GRF was sampled from maxillary anterior gingiva using a microbrush for 30 seconds. The lactoferrin andα1-antitrypsin levels in GRF were measured by an enzyme-link solvent immunoassay. Periodontal status was evaluated by probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP).Results. There was a higher level of these biomarkers in saliva (median (ng/mL), lactoferrin: 3611.9,α1-antitrypsin: 4573.3) than in GRF (lactoferrin: 61.0,α1-antitrypsin: 54.7). There was a mild-to-moderate but significantly positive correlation in lactoferrin orα1-antitrypsin between GRF and saliva. There was a positively mild-to-moderate accuracy (area under the curve: 0.60–0.81) of lactoferrin orα1-antitrypsin in GRF or in saliva to distinguish the severity of periodontal status. The cutoff level (ng/mL) of lactoferrin in GRF for detecting ≥30% of PD ≥ 4 mm (moderate periodontitis) was 68.6 and for detecting ≥20% of BOP (clinically active periodontitis) was 61.2. The cutoff level (ng/mL) ofα1-antitrypsin in GRF for detecting ≥30% of PD ≥ 4 mm was 54.5 and for detecting ≥20% of BOP was 35.3.Conclusions.The data can promote an application of the measurements of lactoferrin andα1-antitrypsin in GRF to clinical practice on periodontal disease.

The aim of this study was to test the effects of B-group vitamin supplements on wound healing in diabetic mice. The mice in the experimental group were treated daily with 1 g/L B6, 1.25 mg/L B12, and 62.5 mg/L folic acid in their drinking water. Full-thickness excision wounds were created with 6-mm skin biopsy punches. Each wound closure was digitally photographed. Beginning on day 3 after wounding, the wound area in the diabetic mice was statistically larger than that of normal mice (p

This case report describes the clinical efficacy of treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) for periodontal regeneration. A patient with aggressive periodontitis participated in a clinical trial involving administration of 0.3% FGF-2 in comparison with a placebo control. To evaluate the efficacy of FGF-2, standardized radiographs were taken before surgery and at 12, 24, and 36 weeks after FGF-2 treatment. The rate of increase in alveolar bone height was 86.9% at 36 weeks. The 6-year postoperative radiograph showed significant development of alveolar bone in comparison with the first visit. FGF-2 treatment may be effective for periodontal regeneration in cases of aggressive periodontitis. (J Oral Sci 58, 137-140, 2016).

Discrepancy in the labial gingival margin of the maxillary incisors poses a major aesthetic problem. Orthodontic extrusion can improve the aesthetic problem caused by gingival margin levels before restoration. In these case reports, orthodontic extrusion was performed with palatal circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy for improving the discrepancy of the labial gingival margin. Two years postoperatively, the position of the tooth and gingival margin remained stable. Orthodontic extrusion with palatal circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy was effective in improving the discrepancy of the labial gingival margin of maxillary incisors. (J Oral Sci 51, 651-654, 2009)

Invasive cervical root resorption is a relatively uncommon form of external root resorp- tion. Creeping attachment is defined as postoperative coronal migration of the gingival margin. We describe a case of invasive cervical root resorption following coronal shift of interdental papillae 15 years after modified Widman flap surgery. (J Oral Sci 55, 183-185, 2013)

歯周疾患のスクリーニングテストに, 免疫学的ヘモグロビン検出試験紙 (抗体法) の応用を試み, 従来法であるペルオキシダーゼ法 (酵素法) と比較を行った。被検者は全身疾患を有していない成人男性106名および女性26名, 合計132名で, その年齢は35歳から55歳, 平均45.3歳であった。被検者から安静時無刺激全唾液を採取し, 両唾液潜血試験紙を使用して判定結果の比較を行った。さらに, 唾液採取後に口腔内診査を行い, probing depth (PD) およびbleeding on probing (BOP) を記録し, その値と両試験紙法の結果とを比較検討した抗体法の陽性率は54.5%, 酵素法の陽性率は55.3%と両試験紙法問に差は見られなかったが, 抗体法が歯周疾患のリスクファクターのひとつである年齢と強く相関した。抗体法陽性者のBOP値は平均で24.3%, 陰性者の平均は7.0%であった。また, 酵素法陽性者のBOP値は平均で23.1%, 陰性者は平均8.2%と両試験紙法間に差は見られなかった。しかしながら, 抗体法においてBOP値が10%未満の陽性者は8名存在したが, うち7名は最深PDが4mm以上 (BOP+) であったのに対し, 酵素法ではBOP値が10%未満の陽性者が13名存在し, うち2名が最深PD4mm以上 (BOP+) であった。 また, 抗体法陰性者60名のうち, 1カ所でも4mm以上のPD (BOP+) を有していた者が16名, 酵素法陰性者59名のうち1カ所でも4mm以上のPD BOP+) を有していた者が26名存在した。全体的に見て両試験紙法の一致率は80.3%であった。以上の (ことから抗体法は酵素法に較べ, 歯周疾患のスクリーニングテストの精度を向上させることが示唆された。

毛の先端を高度テーパード毛にした新形態の歯ブラシを作製したものを使用し, プラーク除去効果を検討した。年齢23～52歳の男女75名を被験者に1日2回, 3分間以上, スクラップ法およびゴットリーブの垂直法を併用したブラッシング法を行わせた。すなわち, テスト期間を2週間とし被験者をスタート時のプラーク付着率および歯間空隙の大きさによって2群に分け, 被験者のプラークを除去した後, 高度テーパード毛歯ブラシおよびラウンド毛歯ブラシを用いて1週間ずつクロスして使用させた。それぞれ1週間後のブラッシング後のプラーク付着歯面数からプラーク付着率を算出しグループ間での比較検討を行った。その結果, 高度テーパード毛歯ブラシはラウンド毛歯ブラシよりプラーク除去効果は統計的に有意 (p

Iwano Y, Sugano N, Matsumoto K, Nishihara R, Iizuka T, Yoshinuma N, Ito K. Salivary microbial levels in relation to periodontal status and caries development. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 165–169. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Although an inverse relationship between caries and periodontal disease has been suggested, some studies have reported a positive correlation between periodontal disease and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF) index. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between caries and periodontal disease. Material and Methods: We assessed the clinical parameters and salivary levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans using real-time polymerase chain reaction in 40 subjects with varying degrees of caries and periodontal disease. Results: The salivary levels of S. mutans were significantly higher in the periodontally healthy group than in the periodontitis group. The salivary levels of P. gingivalis were significantly higher in the caries-free group than in the periodontally healthy group with caries. The salivary levels of S. mutans were significantly increased after the initial periodontal treatment. Conclusions: This study showed that an inverse relationship exists between periodontitis and caries in terms of the clinical and bacteriological findings.

Long-term studies have indicated that alloplastic bone grafts composed of nonresorbable hydroxyapatite (NHA) are clinically stable and safe. However, our previous report suggested that NHA grafts may be an etiological factor for recurrent periodontitis in the absence of supportive periodontal treatment (SPT). We removed infected NHA from the root surface by flap surgery in two cases of recurrent periodontitis. After removal of the infected NHA, the inflammation subsided in these cases and they were clinically stable for several years. (J Oral Sci 51, 659-663, 2009)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of funoran containing chewing gum (FG) and eucalyptus extract- containing chewing gum (EG) on plaque formation. Fifteen dentists or dental students were assigned a random order of use of either FG, EG or a control gum. All subjects received professional tooth cleanings before the experiment. During the four-day test periods, no oral hygiene measures were allowed other than chewing three pieces of gum for approximately 10 min daily. Chewing gum was used following each morning, noon and evening meal. Plaque formation was evaluated by the Quigley and Hein index. The FG (1.83 +/- 1.1) and EG (1.97 +/- 1.1) significantly reduced plaque compared to the control gum (2.57 +/- 1.2). Our results suggest that FG and EG may be useful in inhibiting dental plaque formation.

The limitations of conventional 2-dimensional (2-D) radiographs have been emphasized in many studies. Because the image is a 2-D map of the 3-dimensional (3-D) tooth and periodontal tissue, these structures may be superimposed on each other. Recently, 3-D image analysis by computed tomography (CT) was introduced to dentistry, but it has been used only rarely in the periodontal field.The purpose of this case report was to introduce the clinical application of a newly developed, compact computed tomography system for evaluating the outcome of regenerative therapy in an adult patient with periodontitis (male, aged 55 years). To evaluate the bone defects including furcation involvement, we took an intraoral radiograph and performed CT scanning on tooth #19. We recorded a number of clinical parameters at the time of surgery. We compared the images of the bone defect obtained by CT images and the conventional radiograph with the true bone defect morphology at the surgical site.One year after the periodontal surgery, we again took CT scans and a conventional radiograph, and the new images of the bone defect were compared and evaluated. The new CT images were reconstructed for 3-D evaluation and compared with those taken before surgery. The CT provides 3-D images of excellent quality for evaluating the morphology of the periodontal bone defect and furcation involvement.We consider that CT is a useful aid in periodontal examination and diagnosis, and in the prediction and evaluation of periodontal treatment outcomes.

イオン導入電気歯刷子を用いて, 歯肉炎および歯周疾患の患者を対称に3施設で共同研究を行った。対象患者は男性36名, 女性49名の計85名であった。イオン歯刷子の通電効果をみるために4因子に割りつけを行い, 多元配置累積法により行った。診査項目は, プラーク, 歯石, 発赤, 腫脹, ポケットの深さ, 出血, 排膿および動揺の8項目である。プラークにおいては, 通電の有無と初期症状では通電有に効果が認められた (p

本実験の目的は, 0.2%Chlorhexidine水溶液と0.01%Sanguinarine含有Viadent ® 洗口液および, その歯磨剤のプラーク抑制効果を検討することである。実験開始時にProfessionaltoothcleaningを行いプラーク量を0にし, 各自の口腔清掃法にViadent ® 洗口液10ml, 30秒間の洗口を朝夕2回加え, 2週目にPlaqueIndexを記録し, 洗口を中止した。2週後に再びプラーク量を0とし, 0.2% Chlorhexidine水溶液による洗口をViadent ® と同様に2週間行わせ, PlaqueIndexを記録した。再び洗口を中止し, 2週後にプラーク量を0とし, Viadent ® 洗口液10m1, 30秒間の洗口を1日5回, ブラッシング時にViadent ® 歯磨剤を併用させ2週後にPlaqueIndexを記録した。その結果, 各実験期間でプラーク抑制効果は有意に認められた。Chlorhexidineの効果は最も高かったが, 副作用が多く認められた。一方, Viadent ® 製剤の使用では副作用はほとんど認められなかった。

非付着性プラーク中の内毒素と臨床所見の関連性を検討するために, 49名の被験者の歯周疾患罹患歯64歯に対し, 歯肉縁下洗浄を行い, そのポケット洗浄液中の内毒素量を測定し, 臨床所見と比較した。また, スケーリング, ルートプレーニング後の歯肉縁下洗浄を行い, 臨床所見と内毒素量の変化を観察した。Westphahlらの温フェノールー水抽出法にて内毒素を抽出し, パイロディック®を用い, 定量を行った。さらに15名の被験者の2歯をルートプレーニングし, 一方は週に1度, 1ヵ月間歯肉縁下洗浄を行い, 他方は行わなかった。その結果, ポケット洗浄液中の内毒素量とPD, GIおよびGBIは統計的に有意な正の相関を認めた。また, ルートプレーニング後に歯肉縁下洗浄を行った場合, 行わなかった場合に比較し, GI, GBIおよびポケット洗浄液中の内毒素量は低下し液中の内毒素量とPD, GIおよびGBIは統計的に有意な正の相関を認めた。また, ルートプレーニング後に歯肉縁下洗浄を行った場合, 行わなかった場合に比較し, GI, GBIおよびポケット洗浄液中の内毒素量は低下した。

歯間離開および歯の動揺と垂直性骨吸収の関連性についてX線写真を用いて研究を行った。本学歯周科来院患者の full-mouth X線写真から, 正しく撮影されたと判定した2,416枚を選択し, 診査表を参考に修復物や補綴物の装着された部位と歯の位置異常のある部位を除外し天然歯で隣接する部位, 計3,139隣接面を検索した。X線写真をトレースし, 歯間離開の距離, 垂直性骨吸収の程度を測定した。歯間離開の程度は class I (1mm>), class II (1mm≦

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of mace extract and egg-white lysozyme in two brands of chewing gum on gingival condition. Ever since mace extract containing dihydroguaiaretic acid was reported to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans, plans were devised to include it in commercially available chewing gum. Before starting this study, two different types of experimental chewing gum containing mace extract or egg-white lysozyme were made up. A control was also prepared containing neither agent. The periodontal condition of 68 patients with gingivitis was determined based on PMA index (PMA), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque scoring system (PSS) and randomly classified into three groups. Each group was instructed to use one or the other of the above type chewing gums after every meal. The results were as follows: 1. No clinical changes were observed in the control group during this study. 2. Gingival inflammation (PMA, GI, GBI) significantly improved as a result of using the experimental gums. 3. Plaque reduction was found only in the mece-extract gum group. 4. No clinical side effects were detected during this study.