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This study tests a model of three-dimensional organizational justice (i.e., distributive, procedural, and interactional) and extra-role customer service, with thriving at work as a mediator, based on social exchange theory. We also explore how servant leadership moderates the linkages between these organizational justice dimensions and thriving. Our analysis of data collected from 292 employee-supervisor dyads in the hotel industry affirms that organizational justice dimensions are positively associated with thriving, and thriving is positively related to extra-role customer service. The analysis also corroborates that thriving mediates the associations among distributive, procedural, interactional justice, and extra-role customer service. Moreover, servant leadership strengthens the positive relationships of all three organizational justice dimensions and thriving at work. Building on the analysis results, our study discusses theoretical contributions and practical implications related to the perception of justice in enabling thriving and illustrates how social exchange shapes employee behavior.

Purpose The primary purpose of this study is to explore the impact of acquired ownership in Chinese target firm on the innovation performance of developed economies (DE) acquiring firms. Furthermore, the study aims to empirically investigate the moderating influence of institutional distance between two parties’ home countries. Design/methodology/approach For the empirical investigation of the hypotheses, the authors identified cross-border technological acquisitions from the Securities Data Company between 1995 and 2015. A hierarchical negative binomial regression technique was used to analyze 177 technological acquisitions completed by DE acquiring firms in China. Findings Analysis of technological acquisition deals confirmed that acquired ownership undertaken in the Chinese target firms increases the DE acquiring firms’ post-acquisition innovation performance. The authors found that DE acquiring firms underperform in innovation in institutionally distant host countries. Originality/value This study contributes to the international business literature by explaining the importance of acquired ownership undertaken in the Chinese target firms for the DE acquiring firm’s innovation performance. Second, institutional theory defines how institutional uncertainty in terms of distance modifies the positive impact of acquired ownership on acquiring firm’s innovation performance.

The current study aimed at investigating the role of three dimensions of autonomy (work method autonomy, decision-making autonomy, and work scheduling autonomy) in promoting extra-role customer service behavior (ECS) based on social exchange theory. We also propose the mediating role of cognitive trust and affective trust between three-dimensional autonomy and ECS. Dyadic data (supervisor-employee) was collected through the survey method from front-line hotel employees (N = 255) in China. The results through structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrate that three forms of autonomy have positive effects on two-dimensional trust and ECS. Moreover, two-dimensional trust mediated the relationship between the three dimensions of autonomy and ECS. The results also highlight theoretical and managerial implications for autonomy, trust, and ECS in the hospitality context.

Technology has invaded the field of education and has become a major source of gaining and spreading knowledge. Among the various technological advancements currently facilitating teaching and learning in several educational disciplines, mobile technology is noteworthy. These days, almost all students keep a mobile phone and use its applications for different purposes. With the integration of technology in education, mobile devices are also being incorporated in numerous educational disciplines including language learning. This research was carried out to study students’ perception of the impact of WhatsApp in learning English language. A questionnaire of 27 items was administered to find out the perception of 157 students about the impact of WhatsApp in English language learning. Students’ access to internet was also explored to study the influence of the availability of internet on students’ perception. The findings showed that students have a positive perception of the influence of WhatsApp in English language learning. They believe that using WhatsApp for language learning gives them confidence, improves their English language knowledge and enhances their four language skills. They also gave a positive response about the ubiquitous use of WhatsApp and their preference of using WhatsApp as compared to other teaching and learning pedagogies.

Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of HRCT findings of COVID-19 in RT-PCR positive patients according to duration of infection and severity of disease. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Radiology department of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from May to July 2020. Total 40 COVID-19 patients were reviewed for clinical features, HRCT chest findings based on time from symptom onset and CT conduction. Chi-square and fissure exact test were used for measuring association with severity of COVID-19, p value ≤0.05 was reported significant. Mean CT scores were calculated. ROC curve analysis showed threshold values of CT-SS for severe disease. Results: Of total 40 patients with age ranged from 22-83 years, 22(55%) were males and 18(45%) females. The hallmark of COVID-19 was combined GGO and consolidation, GGO alone and consolidation alone in bilateral, sub pleural and posterior distribution. Early stage had normal CT or GGO alone, intermediate and late stage had both GGO and consolidation. Septal lines/bands and crazy paving pattern were prevalent in late stage. Clinically, 24 (60%) were in severe group and 16(40%) in mild group. Severity of COVID-19 was associated with GGO alone (p=0.05), GGO and consolidation (p=0.01), crazy paving (p=0.01) and lung scores (p≤0.05). The threshold values of CT-SS for identifying severe disease by two radiologists were 18.50 and 20.50. Conclusion: HRCT manifestations along with CT-SS aids in predicting disease severity. Staging according to duration of infection is effective in understanding variation in pattern of chest findings in coronavirus disease. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4204 How to cite this:Irshad N, Hanif N. Spectrum of High Resolution Computed tomography chest findings in PCR positive COVID-19 patients according to duration of infection and CT severity score assessment. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):106-112. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4204 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objective To compare the diagnostic accuracies of HRCT chest and RT-PCR results in diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Study design Descriptive study. Place and duration of study Department of Radiology and Central Research Lab, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, from April to July, 2020. Methodology Patients aged 18 to 83 years, who had clinically suspected symptoms of COVID-19 (fever, cough/sore throat or shortness of breath) presenting in outpatient or emergency department, were included. These patients had their HRCT chest conducted from Radiology Department and RT-PCR performed at Central Research Lab. These data were retrieved from electronic system of PACS. Results were categorised into positive and negative findings for COVID-19. Diagnostic accuracies of HRCT chest and first RT-PCR along with 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results A total of 94 patients, 55 (58.5%) males and 39 (41.5%) were females. Out of them, 83% patients had positive HRCT chest findings of COVID-19, 17% had negative HRCT chest findings; while 40.4% had positive and 59.6% had negative first PCR. Among the repeat second PCR, 19.6% had negative, 1.8% had positive PCR results; while 78.6% patients didn't undergo repeat PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and accuracy of HRCT chest was 92%, 23%, 81%, 45%, and 51%; while of first RT-PCR was 45%, 81%, 23%, 92% and 51%, respectively. Conclusion The sensitivity of HRCT chest is higher (92%) as compared to first RT-PCR (45%). Key Words: COVID-19, RT-PCR, HRCT chest, Sensitivity, Specificity.

This study assesses the simultaneous influence of hard and soft infrastructural indicators on exports in 46 Asian states from 2001 to 2017 with panel data. We constructed two main aggregate indicators such as hard infrastructure and soft infrastructure with fifteen primary or sub-group variables. The infrastructural aggregate indicator contains four groups: transportation, communication, and financial infrastructural and border-transport efficiency. These indicators are taken into account in estimating the influence on export levels and probability between bilateral Asian trading partners by using factor analysis, the augmented gravity model and the two-stage sample selection model. Findings show that simultaneous improvement in hard infrastructure such as transport and telecommunication improved bilateral exports. Similarly, simultaneous improvement in soft infrastructure like financial infrastructure and border-transport efficiency increased bilateral exports in Asian countries. For both export and import, the coefficients of infrastructural indicators have a positive impact and are statistical significant at each econometric scale. Improving financial infrastructure is important in achieving a higher level of trade volume and increasing the probability of exporting between partners. We also examine the evidence on the complementarity or substitutability between hard and soft infrastructure as captured by indicators which shows us that main aggregate indicators have a lower impact on exports.

Revealing accurate and complete information of the business is the prime focus of Islamic finance as it proposes to avoidance any sort of Gharar (uncertainty). Lack of disclosure could lead to exploitation of the information by few members in the market at the expense of others. The difference between Islamic Bank and Conventional Bank is that Islamic bank takes disclosure of governance status as a religious obligation as compared to disclosure of conventional banks based upon legal obligation of the country. Similarly, Islamic banks put efforts in disclosing information of Shari’ah governance and social responsibility as per religious obligation as compared to voluntary disclosure by conventional banks. This study is built on the idea that if Islamic Bank considers Shari’ah disclosure and social responsibility as voluntary disclosure then it is expected that there will be a significant difference between all present Islamic banks. Lastly, this study has generated an overall disclosure index using principal factor analysis and evaluated its impact on the performance of the banks to reveal that disclosure entails positive impact on performance.