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Urethral pain syndrome (UPS) is characterized by the occurrence of persistent or recurrent pain in the urethra in the absence of a confirmed infection and other obvious local pathological changes. The study of its pathogenetic aspects is important first of all for understanding the causes of the disease, to prescribe effective treatment, specific recommendations for the prevention and treatment of this disease are also absent. This paper presents the advanced experience of our research group on the study of the urethral state by the in vivo cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) method, and also the results of the microbiota analysis in the urethral tissues. The purpose of the study is to search for the risk factors for UPS and the character of changes in the urethral tissues, using the data of: 1) concomitant pathology, 2) structural changes in the urethral wall in UPS in comparison with chronic cystitis of bacterial etiology 3) studying the microbiota of urethral tissues. Materials and methods The condition of the urethra was studied in 109 patients: 55 of them with UPS (group "US"), without clinical manifestations of inflammation; 41 - with chronic inflammation of the lower urinary tract of various origins (group "Inf"); in 14 patients with stones of the upper urinary tract without pyelonephritis, the urethra was taken as the norm (group "N"). All performed a clinical minimum of studies, also cystoscopy with the study of the bladder triangle, the neck of the bladder and the urethra by the method of in vivo tissue imaging - CP OCT. The device "OCT-1300U" with wavelength of 1300 nm is used. To determine the possible role of UPS disease background, the analysis of concomitant pathology preceding the development of UPS was performed. To analyze the relationship of changes in the urethral tissues with the composition of its microbiota, a PCR study of biopsies from the proximal segment of the urethra was performed in 13 patients with UPS. Results Qualitative comparison of the thickness and character of the OCT signal of the urethral wall layers observed using CP OCT in the studied groups of patients allowed us to establish that the state of the epithelium and connective tissue structures of the mucous membrane in patients with UPS is not the norm, changes are similar to those in chronic inflammation. Changes in the character of the OCT signal were recorded in all parts of the urethra, but in the middle third they are most pronounced and most critical. In UPS, there is a brightly pronounced reorganization of the connective tissue stroma components. Pronounced fibrosis of subepithelial structures (increased signal brightness in the cross-channel compared to the norm) with their thickening was recorded in 48.2% of cases, and thinning/lack of visualization of the epithelial layer was detected in 20.5%, and in chronic inflammation 55.5% and 40.6% of cases, respectively. According to the results of PCR, only one patient had significant total bacterial contamination of the biopsy (TB=104.7). In all other cases, the total bacterial mass of the biopsies was at the level of negative control. Conclusions In patients with UPS, the presence of several concomitant, often chronic, diseases was revealed, which may be a premorbid background and one of the risk factors for the occurrence and maintenance of UPS. Pilot PCR studies of biopsies from the proximal segment of the urethra indicate that low values of bacterial contamination in the majority of patients with UPS do not exclude the possible role of bacteria in the development of the disease in some patients. The CP OCT method used in this study is currently the only one in vivo method of visualization of the urethral mucosa, which provides real-time images of structural changes in the epithelial (atrophy or hyperplasia) and connective tissue (active or latent inflammation with cellular infiltration or fibrosis) layers of the urethra, allowing better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and monitoring of therapy.

Motor fMRI responses analyzed in 10 patients with mild posttraumatic hemiparesis displayed high variability in deviations from normal on movement not only of the afflicted but also the intact hand. Changes in fMRI rearrangements, most marked on use of the afflicted hand, were apparent as weakening of the main components of the response and increases in activation of cortical and subcortical brain structures not specific for the movement. Comparison of fMRI responses on motor loading of the afflicted and intact hands showed that the clearest marker of mild hemiparesis was weakening of the cerebellar component of the response. Comparison with normative data (15 healthy subjects) showed more marked features in the reorganization of the sensorimotor motor fMRI response in patients with right-sided hemiparesis.

Aim: the study was aimed to develop a reagent kit for the real-time RT-PCR diagnostics of virus causing COVID-19.Materials and Methods.Three target sites were chosen in the genome SARS-CoV-2. The testing included 220 samples, 48 artificially created positive samples (made from patients’ biomaterial) and 172 clinical samples (scrapes from nasal and pharyngeal cavities, bronchoalveolar lavage, expectoration, endotracheal/nasopharyngeal aspirate, feces, post-mortem material), obtained from two medical centers. Preliminary, the obtained biomaterial was analyzed with a reagent kit of comparison. The evaluation was performed with a confidential interval CI 95%. The calculation of CI for the sensitivity and specificity was made based on the distribution of χ2.Results.The authors developed a technology of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) real-time RT-PCR diagnostics for the application in practical healthcare and proposed the variants of testing at all the stages (preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical, including automated results processing). The proposed reagent kit meets the requirements of the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. The study results demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity was 100% (95% CI) 95.6–100%; the specificity was 100% (95% CI) 96.7–100%.Conclusion.The proposed reagent kit was registered in the RF as a medical product; the registration certificate No. RZN 2020/9948 dated 01.04.2020. The application of the reagent kit in network laboratories will provide patients with access to testing for the virus causing COVID-19 and contribute to quick differential diagnostics, improvement of pandemic control, and accurate statistics on the spread of the virus.

OBJECTIVE to conduct a comparative study of the composition of the microbiota of the urethra in men with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and healthy men. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 103 men aged 18 to 45 years: 42 men with urethritis caused by STIs and 61 clinically healthy men. Identification of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in scrapings from the urethra was performed by PCR in real time (test system Androflor (DNA-Technology, Moscow). RESULTS In the analysis of the total bacterial mass, it was found that the bacterial contamination of the urethral biotope in patients with STI was significantly higher than in the group of healthy men (5.8 Lg10 and 4.7 Lg10, respectively), with the highest level of bacterial contamination was detected in patients infected with N. gonorrhoeae (6.4 Lg10). Patients with STIs had significantly lower levels of relative Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp. and their amounts in General compared to clinically healthy men: according to ROC analysis, the best diagnostic indicator (0.93+/-0.04, p

We have analyzed EEG alterations during a passive hand movement test in ten patients with varying degrees of hemiparesis caused by brain injury and compared them with normal data (17 healthy volunteers). The fMRI responses of the patients were normal. It was found that additional brain structures (that seem to be untypical of healthy people) are included in the reactive process in patients with brain injury. Additionally, we observed a widening of affected frequency bands. We observed the highest correlation with the degree of hemiparesis for the topographical parameters of changes in EEG coherence during the passive hand movement test with specific response features of the brain hemispheres contra- and ipsilateral to the movement. It is discussed whether there is any involvement of the tactile component in the passive motor EEG response. The data are considered in the context of the earlier hypothesis [1, 2] on the participation of the extrapyramidal system in the compensation of a post-traumatic motor defect.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, recurring disease of the gastrointestinal tract of unclear etiology. One of the new approaches to CD therapy is the use of the possibilities of stem cells, in particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Currently, the use of MSC in clinical practice for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is being studied in patients who receive concomitant therapy with other immunomodulatory medications. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of MSCs therapy in patients with CD receiving azathioprine (AZA). Materials and methods. The study included 34 patients with inflammatory (luminal) form of CD. The 1st group of patients (n=15) received anti-inflammatory therapy using MSCs culture in combination with AZA. The 2nd group (n=19) received MSCs without AZA. The severity of the attack was assessed in points in accordance with the of Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI). Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), interleukins (IL) 1β, 4, 10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at 2, 6 and 12 months from the beginning of MSCs therapy. Results. The initial mean CDAI in the 1st group was 337.6±17.1 points, in the 2nd group - 332.7±11.0 points (p=0.3). In both groups of patients there was a significant decrease in CDAI after 2 months. From the beginning of therapy MSCs: in the 1st group to 118.9±12.4 points, in the 2nd - 120.3±14.1 points (p=0.7), after 6 months - 110.3±11.1 and 114.3±11.8 points (p=0.8), respectively. After 12 months CDAI in the 1st group was 99.9±10.8 points, in the 2nd group it was 100.6±12.1 points (p=0.8). The level of IgA, IgG, IgM was significantly lower in the group of patients with a longer history of the disease and long-term ASA. After the introduction of MSC in both groups of patients with BC, there was a tendency for the growth of pro - and anti-inflammatory cytokines, with a significantly lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines - INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β - in the 1st group, indicating potentiation of the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs and AZA, which provides a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion. Transplantation of MSCs promotes an increase in the serum of patients with CD initially reduced concentration of IG, cytokines and restoring their balance as the onset of clinical remission. The combination with AZA has a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

Methods for the organization of safe manufacturing processes and for the control of technological risk in Russia and abroad are considered. The structure, problems, and types of estimation (levels) of risk and the advantages of the method of Risk Based Inspection (RBI), a method for optimizing programs of inspection and maintenance, are set forth.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research (FAIR) will investigate the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at high net-baryon density and moderate temperature in A+A collisions. One of the key detectors of CBM to explore this physics program is a Ring Imaging CHerenkov (RICH) detector for electron identification. For a high performance of the RICH detector precise mirror alignment is essential. A three-step correction cycle has been developed, which will be discussed: First a qualitative, fast check of the mirror positions, second a quantitative determination of possible misalignments and third a software correction routine, allowing a proper functioning of the RICH under misalignment conditions.

The CBM-RICH detector is designed to identify electrons with momenta up to 8 GeV/c and high purity as this is essential for the CBM physics program. The detector consist of a CO2-gaseous radiator, a spherical mirror system, and Multi-Anode PhotoMultiplier Tubes (MAPMT) of type H12700 from Hamamatsu as photon detectors. The detector concept was verified through R&D studies and a laterally scaled prototype. The results were summarized in a TDR, in which open issues were defined concerning the readout electronics, the shielding of the magnetic stray field in the MAPMT region, the radiation hardness of the MAPMT sensors, and the mechanical holding structure of the mirror system. In this article an overview is given on the CBM RICH development with focus on those open issues.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future FAIR facility will investigate the QCD phase diagram at high net baryon densities and moderate temperatures in A+A collisions from 2 to 11 AGeV (SIS100). Electron identification in CBM will be performed by a Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector and Transition Radiation Detectors (TRD). A real size prototype of the RICH detector was tested together with other CBM groups at the CERN PS/T9 beam line in 2014. For the first time the data format used the FLESnet protocol from CBM delivering free streaming data. The analysis was fully performed within the CBMROOT framework. In this contribution the data analysis and the event reconstruction methods which were used for obtained data are discussed. Rings were reconstructed using an algorithm based on the Hough Transform method and their parameters were derived with high accuracy by circle and ellipse fitting procedures. We present results of the application of the presented algorithms. In particular we compare results with and without Wavelength shifting (WLS) coating.

The CBM RICH detector is an integral component of the future CBM experiment at FAIR, providing efficient electron identification and pion suppression necessary for the measurement of rare dileptonic probes in heavy ion collisions. An overview of the CBM RICH readout and DAQ system prototype is given, consisting of the PADIWA preamplifier-discriminator board, the TDC-HUB board TRBv3, and DAQ and analysis code in the CbmRoot framework. The laboratory setup built for studying the timing characteristics of the readout chain and the analysis results obtained using the laboratory measurements are presented. The fine time calibration and inter-channel delay correction techniques and their implementation and effect are discussed.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) treated at the Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center, and to determine the predictors of a therapy response.All the patients with CD treated with ADA were followed up for at least 6 months or until the drug was discontinued. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated at 4 weeks and 6 months after the initiation of treatment and at the end of a follow-up. Complete intestinal mucosal healing was assessed at 3 and 12 months following treatment initiation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the predictors of treatment response.A clinical analysis covered 70 patients (57.1% male); the follow-up period averaged 112 weeks. Perianal fistulas were at baseline established in 22 (31.4%) patients with CD. 12 (17.4%) patients had been previously treated with infliximab (INF), 7 of them discontinued the drug for secondary loss of response and 5 for adverse reactions. 68 (97.1%) patients responded to an induction course of ADA. At 4 weeks, 6 months, and at the end of the follow-up, clinical remission occurred in 66.7, 80.4 and 67.4 % of patients with luminal CD and in 45.4, 36.5, and 36.4% of those with perianal CD, respectively. At 3 and 12 months and at the end of the follow-up, there was complete healing of the intestinal mucosa in 23.5, and 41.2 and 29.5% of cases, respectively. Six (8.8%) patients responding to the induction course needed to be optimized with ADA to 40 mg weekly. The time interval between treatment initiation and dose optimization averaged 30 weeks (range 12-120 months). There were 15 (21,4%) adverse events that were responsible for ADA discontinuation in 3 (4,2%) patients.The findings demonstrate the efficacy and safety of ADA used in clinical practice.Цель исследования. Оценить эффективность и безопасность адалимумаба (АДА) у пациентов с болезнью Крона (БК), проходивших лечение в отделении воспалительных заболеваний кишечника Московского клинического научно-практического центра, и определить предикторы ответа на терапию. Материалы и методы. Всех пациентов с БК, которым назначили лечение АДА, наблюдали в течение не менее 6 мес либо до отмены препарата. Эффективность лечения оценивали через 4 нед и 6 мес после начала лечения, а также в конце наблюдения. Оценку полного заживления слизистой оболочки кишки проводили через 3 и 12 мес после начала лечения. Применяли одно- и многофакторный анализы предикторов ответа на лечение. Результаты. В клинический анализ включены 70 пациентов (57,1% мужчин), период наблюдения в среднем составил 112 нед. У 22 (31,4%) больных исходно установлена свищевая перианальная форма БК. Получали предшествующее лечение инфликсимабом (ИНФ) 12 (17,4%) пациентов, у 7 из них ИНФ отменен по причине вторичной потери ответа, у 5 — вследствие развития нежелательных явлений. Ответили на индукционный курс АДА 68 (97,1%) пациентов. Клиническая ремиссия через 4 нед, 6 мес и в конце наблюдения наступила у 66,7, 80,4 и 67,4% при люминальной форме и у 45,4, 36,5 и 36,4% при перианальной форме БК соответственно. Полное заживление слизистой оболочки кишки через 3, 12 мес и в конце периода наблюдения достигнуто в 23,5, 41,2 и 29,5% случаев соответственно. Среди пациентов, ответивших на индукционный курс, у 6 (8,8%) возникла необходимость в оптимизации дозы АДА до 40 мг/нед. Период от начала лечения до оптимизации дозы в среднем составил 30 нед (диапазон 12—120 нед). Число нежелательных явлений составило 15 (21,4%) случаев, что стало причиной отмены АДА у 3 (4,2%) больных. Заключение. Полученные результаты демонстрируют эффективность и безопасность применения АДА в клинической практике.

A real size prototype of the CBM RICH detector was tested in beam at CERN in November 2014 with new readout electronics. A detailed analysis of the timing characteristics of the readout chain will be presented in this article. Results of the time precision measurements for several subsets of all channels and the stability of the fine time calibration will be discussed. The obtained sub-nanosecond time precision allows also to investigate the effect on timing when using additional wavelength-shifting films on top of the MAPMT windows.

AD is a multifactorial disease, which is based on genetic disorders, immune mechanisms and influence of exogenous and endogenous factors. Study of immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, it’s specific biomarkers, triggers is very important for understanding of causes and mechanisms of the disease as well as for developing of new methods of treatment. The review describes the current views on the immune response in AD.

Now in Russia registered two biological drugs for the treatment of UC is infliximab and golimumab. The largest experience with the use of infliximab (IFX) shows that, despite the high efficiency, in some patients the IBD (20-30%) will develop acquired secondary loss of response to the drug. The development of secondary loss of anti-cytokine therapy is influenced by the following causes - irregular administration of the drug, monotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, initial high levels of TNF-α and low albumin, the presence of antibodies to the drug, activation of opportunistic infections, and changes in pathogenesis of the disease. The appearance at present in the arsenal of gastroenterologists of golimumab (GLM) has expanded the possibilities of treatment of patients with UC in the case of secondary loss of response to therapy with anti-TNF-α or the development of adverse events on IFX. This clinical case shows that after discontinuation IFX, there is a risk of recurrence of the disease, which according to the literature is 50 %. The example also demonstrated that GLM is well tolerated in patients who develop adverse events on IFX in the form of anaphylaxis. This is because GLM are fully human inhibitor of TNF-α. Golimumab is a new, effective inhibitor of TNF-α, which may help to optimize therapy in UC.

Wavelength-shifting (WLS) films were applied on UV-extended front windows of multianode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs) in order to increase the sensitivity of the MAPMTs at shorter wavelengths. The WLS material contained p-Terphenyl as photoactive component, which absorbs shorter wavelength photons ( 300 nm ) and re-emits fluorescence photons around 350 nm, i.e., at the maximum of the PMTs׳ sensitivity. The films were applied by means of dip-coating and the film performance was studied with respect to quantum efficiency, film homogeneity, and crosstalk on the MAPMTs. Using WLS-film-covered MAPMTs in a gaseous Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector, the number of detected photoelectrons per ring increased by up to 21% in an in-beam test.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future FAIR facility will investigate the QCD phase diagram at high net-baryon densities and moderate temperatures. One of the key signatures will be di-leptons emitted from the hot and dense phase in heavy-ion collisions. Measuring di-electrons, a high purity of identified electrons is required in order to suppress the background. Electron identification in CBM will be performed by a Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector and Transition Radiation Detectors (TRD). In order to access the foreseen rare probes, the detector and the data acquisition have to handle interaction rates up to 10 MHz. Therefore, the development of fast and efficient event reconstruction algorithms is an important and challenging task in CBM. In this contribution event reconstruction and electron identification algorithms in the RICH detector are presented. So far they have been developed on simulated data but could already be tested on real data from a RICH prototype testbeam experiment at the CERN-PS. Efficient and fast ring recognition algorithms in the CBM-RICH are based on the Hough Transform method. Due to optical distortions of the rings, an ellipse fitting algorithm was elaborated to improve the ring radius resolution. An efficient algorithm based on the Artificial Neural Network was implemented for electron identification in RICH. All algorithms were significantly optimized to achieve maximum speed and minimum memory consumption.

There is a large amount of literature data that shows the effectiveness of cell therapy using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), as on preclinical models and in some clinical studies in small groups of patients.Currently the use of MSC in clinical practice is limited by security considerations. Potential risks associated with their proliferative capacity, the risk of infectious complications, as well as the possible immunogenicity of the cells themselves.Foreign researchers analyzed on the basis of a literature review, the results of which evaluated the clinical safety of MSCs. The article presents the results of our monitoring of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which received MSCs in the Department of pathology bowel. The results of our study, and the results, given in the review, should provide scientists and policy-makers the confidence that according to available scientific data an innovative method of cell therapy is safe for clinical use.

Background Severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) is almost always accompanied by movement disorders. The use of electroencephalography (EEG), supplemented by mathematical analysis, in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) expands the possibilities of studying brain neuroplasticity as a basis for compensation post-traumatic motor disorders. Material and methods Multichannel EEG and fMRI 3T during passive motor test (hand finger clenching by experimenter) were performed in 28 patients with STBI and 17 healthy subjects. The most detailed spectral-coherent analysis of spatial EEG changes was performed in 10 patients with varying degrees of hemiparesis, but similar to the norm fMRI response. Results It was revealed that individual EEG restructurings in a passive motor test in patients with STBI are characterized by significant variability and the inclusion of the brain regions not typical for the norm. Secondary statistical analysis showed that the topography of EEG coherence changes shows the greatest correlation with the degree of hemiparesis: increased reactivity of the frontal-central areas in the ipsilateral hemisphere relative movement with mild hemiparesis and the inclusion of both hemispheres as the motor disorders increase. Localization of these changes is similar to the topography of the fronto-pontine, parietotemporo-pontine and occipito-mesencephalic motor tracts cortical projections. Conclusions This results demonstrate a greater sensitivity of EEG responses to the degree of motor defect compared with hemodynamic (fMRI). They confirm our hypothesis put forward earlier on the possible participation of the extra-pyramidal system in compensating for the post-traumatic motor defect. Supported by RFFI 18-013-00355 .

Background.. To investigate expression of cytokines genes parameters in skin and blood in severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients comparing with healthy donors. Materials and methods. 20 severe AD patients, 20 CTCL patients and 20 healthy donors were included in the study. Skin samples and peripheral blood were used as material for immunological study. Interleukins — (IL)1B, IL2, IL2r, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10, IL12A, IL12B, IL15 (total), IL15 , IL17A, IL18, IL23, IL28, IL29, Interferon γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene expression was defined in the skin and peripheral blood of severe AD patients, CTCL patients and healthy donors by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. Statistically significant increase of cytokines genes IL4,IL12B,IL17A, TNFα in peripheral blood of severe AD patients compared with CTCL patients was marked. Studying of skin samples from CTCL patients has shown statistically significant increase of cytokines IL8, IL10, IL15, IFNγ genes expression and decrease of IL18 gene expression in comparison with skin samples from severe AD patients. Conclusion. Obtained cytokines genes expression cytokines genes parameters in peripheral blood of severe AD and CTCL patients had a certain similarities consisting of increased IL8, IFNγ and decreased IL6, IL23 genes expression in comparison with healthy donors. Substantial differences in peripheral blood of patients in comparison with healthy donors: increased IL-5, IL-12B genes expression in AD patients and decreased IL-8, IL-12A genes expression in CTCL patients, at the same time increased expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNγ genes in severe AD and CTCL patients were shown.

Aim: to consider association of polymorphous alleles of class II HLA genes with Graves’ disease (GD) in Tuvinian population. Methods. HLAgenotyping was accomplished in 40 GD patients and 164 volunteers randomly selected in Tuvinian population (native Siberian population, Mongoloids). GD was diagnosed accordind to the clinical and laboratory criteria. HLAgenotyping for 14 DRB1 alleles, 8 DQA1 alleles and 13 DQB1 alleles was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequencespecific primers (DNATechnology, Russia). Statistical analysis was performed using the Excoffer, Schneider and Kuffer package. RR have been calculated using Woolf method. Results. We found the HLAmarkers of predisposition to GD in Tuvinians: HLA DQA1*0501( RR = 1.76; p < 0.05) and DQB1*0301 (RR = 1.44; p < 0.05). Analysis of the HLA haplotypes showed, that DRB1*13DQA1*0501 DQB1*0301 was associated with an increased risk of GD (RR = 3.53). The protective were DRB1*0302 (RR = 0.19) and haplotype DRB1*04DQA1*0301DQB1*0302 (RR = 0.02). Conclusions. This molecular genetic study has been shown that HLA DQA1*0501, DQB1*0301 and haplotype DRB1*13DQA1*0501DQB1*0301 associated with Graves’ disease in Tuvinian population.

Background. to comparatively investigate cytokine gene expression in the skin and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and healthy individuals. Methods. Samples of skin and peripheral blood from 48 severe AD patients SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) 78,5 [57; 89], IGA (Investigators Global Assessment) 4,2 [3,9; 4,7]) at the age of 17 to 45 years and 20 healthy donors aged from 19 to 32 years were analyzed for gene expression of cytokines using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. In the skin of patients with AD, a significant increase of the level of gene expression was observed for interleukin IL2R (interleukin) (р=0,0023), IL5 (р=0,002), IL6 (р=0,0023), IL8 (р=0,01), IL12β (р=0,0023), IL10 (р=0,0023), IL23 (р=0,002), IL29 (р=0,0023), and TGFβ (transforming growth factor) (p=0,0023) as compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, no difference between AD patients and healthy donors was detected with respect to cytokine gene expression in the peripheral blood. Conclusions. Activity of IL-2R, IL-8, IL-12β, IL-23, IL-29, and TGFβ that are markers of chronic inflammation and Th1 immune response in severe AD and IL-5, IL-10 that are anti-inflammatory cytokines and markers of Th2 response was predominant in the skin but not in the blood of AD patients.

Background. To investigate the influence of mometasone furoate 0,1% cream on cytokine gene expression in the skin and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients comparing with control. Material and methods. 40 AD patients were included in the study and divided into 2 groups. group 1 patients were given continuous course of mometasone furoate 0,1% cream treatment for 14 days. group 2 patients were given indifferent emollient elobase cream for 14 days. Clinical efficacy of the treatment was assessed on the following features: SCORAD index, Investigators global Assessment (IgA) score and subjective assessment of itch and dryness of the skin according to skin area to be studied. Skin samples and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis were used as material for immunological study. Interleukin (IL)1B, IL2, IL2r, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10, IL 12A, IL12B, IL15 (total), IL15 , IL17A, IL18, IL23, IL28, IL29, Interferon (IFN)-ƒ, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene expression were defined in the skin and peripheral blood of AD patients by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-pCR). Results. positive clinical effect was found with all AD patients on the mometasone furoate 0,1% cream therapy background for 14 days and also dryness, rushes and skin itch decreased. Stаtistical significant decrease of proinflammatory cytokines IL2, IL2r, IL5, IL8, IL12В, IL23, IFN-ƒ gene expression was marked. They are the markers of chronic inflammation and Th1 immune response. Studying peripheral blood after mometasone furoate 0,1% cream treatment increase of TGFB1, FOXP3 gene expression level was found. no significant changes of cytokine gene expression in AD patients, who got elobase cream were found. Conclusion. Antiinflammatory activity of mometasone furoate 0,1% cream was shown by its influence on proinflammatory cytokines IL2, IL2r, IL5, IL8, IL12В, IL23, IFN-ƒ gene expression in the skin and mechanisms of immune response in moderate and severe AD patients.

The technical and experimental aspects of creating the conditions of differential dissolution in a flow stoichiographic system are discussed; the scheme of the experimental apparatus, stoichiograph, is presented. The construction, operation conditions of the main units of the stoichiograph, and sample treatment issues are considered. The principles of the creation and optimization of the conditions of the dynamic differential dissolution for the analysis of compounds and materials of the known and unknown phase composition are discussed: the composition of solvents and temperature, and the principles of their variation in time, including those in the processes of stoichiographic titration.

Electron identification in the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will be performed using a gaseous RICH detector. Due to the UV transparency of the CO 2 radiator, a high photon detection efficiency of the PMTs in use at small wavelengths is favourable. The use of wavelength shifting (WLS) films aims at increasing the integral quantum efficiency of the photon sensors. WLS films absorb UV photons and re-emit photons at longer wavelengths where the quantum efficiency of common photocathodes is higher. As photon sensors, multianode PMTs (MAPMTs) with bialkali or superbialkali photocathodes and UV-extended windows are envisaged. We present quantum efficiency measurements with and without WLS coating for different types of MAPMTs as well as results from a beam test at the CERN PS. An increased photon yield was observed when using WLS films. In addition, we discuss the effect of WLS films on the spatial resolution of MAPMTs.

Background. To study the clinical effectiveness of topical immune modulator cream thymogen 0,05% and its influence on some immunological parameters in the skin and blood of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Materials and methods. 40 people were included in the study, who were divided into main (AD patients, n=20) and a control group (healthy donors, n=20). All AD patients received topical treatment with cream thymogen 0,05% during 14 days. Patients applied cream to affected skin 2 times daily. Clinical efficacy of the treatment was assessed by changes of following parameters: investigated global assessment (IGA), subjective evaluation of the itch intensity and skin dryness . Samples of skin biopsies and peripheral blood of AD patients and healthy donors were tested for gene expression of cytokines by polymerase chain reaction in real time. Results. Topical treatment with cream thymogen 0,05% during 14 days in all AD patients showed positive clinical effect: reduction of dryness and itch. Immunological analysis revealed a significant increasing of cytokine IL-7 gene expression and decreasing of cytokines IL-8, IL-5 genes expression (p

This study includes 90 children (41 female and 49 male) in the age range of 2-16 years with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Thirty-three patients developed ADEM following rubella infection, 26 children following varicella infection, 20 suspected viral aetiology ADEM and 11 multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM). All patients had neurological, routine laboratory and viral serology study with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Brain and/or spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 14 children. A follow-up study was in 1-5 years. Typing of DRB1 gene HLA class II was performed in 38 patients. We established that the varicella and rubella groups had preferential patterns. Rubella ADEM is characterized by acute explosive onset, seizures, coma and moderate pyramidal signs, whereas varicella infection is characterized by cerebella ataxia and mild pyramidal dysfunction. The suspected viral aetiology ADEM was characterized by polisymptomatic presentation. MDEM was characterized by older age of patients (11.6 +/- 2.8 years), more severe and prolonged local neurological symptoms, including myelitis symptoms and marked extrapyramidal signs, with distinct demyelination in MRIs. As a whole, ADEM is associated with DRB1*01 and DRB1*017(03) in the Russian population. Thus, ADEM is a separate autoimmune condition with a specific mechanism due to the type of genetic immunoregulatory base and specificity of viral trigger.

OBJECTIVES: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an increasingly common, chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired epidermal barrier function and cutaneous inflammation. The prevalence of AD has steadily increased during the past few decades. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate cytokine gene expression in the skin and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS: In the skin of patients with AD, a significant increase of the level of gene expression was observed for interleukin (IL)-2r (p0.0023), IL-5 (p = 0.002), IL-6 (p0.0023), IL-8 (p = 0.01), IL-12B (p0.0023), IL-10 (p0.0023), IL-23 (p = 0.002), IL-29 (p0.0023), and transforming growth factor beta (tGFbeta) (p0.0023) as compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, no difference between AD patients and healthy donors was detected with respect to cytokine gene expression in the peripheral blood. METHODS: Samples of skin and peripheral blood from 48 severe AD patients (SCORAD = 78.5 [57;89], IGA = 4.2 [3,9;4,7]) at the age of 17 to 45 years and 20 healthy donors aged from 19 to 32 years were analyzed for gene expression of cytokines using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CONCLUSIONS: Activity of markers of chronic inflammation and Th1 immune response in severe AD, namely IL-2r, IL-8, IL-12B, IL-23, IL-29 and TGFbeta, as well as activity of anti-inflammatory IL-5 were predominant in the skin but not in the blood of AD patients.

To compare the safety of therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) who have received combination anti-inflammatory therapy using bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and standard therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents.Unfavorable consequences were analyzed in 103 patients (56 with UC and 47 with CD) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after MSC administration. The findings were compared with data obtained in 208 patients with UC and CD on standard anti-inflammatory therapy. All the patients were similar in demographic parameters, the duration of disease, the extent of intestinal injury, the nature of a course, the type and degree of disease. The analyzed groups did not include patients who had received therapy with anti-TNF-α drugs. The safety of therapy was evaluated from the presence of complications occurring during the follow-up.By analyzing the unfavorable consequences in 103 patients with IBD and comparing them with treatment results in 208 patients with UC and CD on standard anti-inflammatory therapy, the authors revealed no differences in the development of acute posttransfusion reactions, infectious complications, exacerbations of chronic inflammatory diseases, severe infectious complications, malignant transformation, and fatal cases in patients with UC and CD, except for those with transient fever.The results of this study demonstrate that the innovative method of cell therapy is clinically safe.Цель исследования. Сравнить безопасность терапии у больных язвенным колитом (ЯК) и болезнью Крона (БК), получавших комплексную противовоспалительную терапию с применением мезенхимальных стромальных клеток (МСК) костного мозга, и стандартную терапию препаратами 5-аминосалициловой кислоты, глюкокортикостероидами и иммуносупрессорами. Материалы и методы. Неблагоприятные последствия проанализированы у 103 больных (56 с ЯК и 47 с БК) воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника (ВЗК), которым вводили МСК. Полученные результаты сравнили с данными, полученными у 208 пациентов с ЯК и БК, которые находились на стандартной противовоспалительной терапии. Все пациенты сопоставимы по демографическим параметрам, длительности заболевания, протяженности поражения кишечника, характеру течения, форме заболевания, степени тяжести. В анализируемые группы не включали больных, которые получали терапию анти-α-ФНО-препаратами. Безопасность терапии оценивали по наличию осложнений, возникших за время наблюдения. Результаты. Проведя анализ неблагоприятных последствий у 103 больных ВЗК, которым вводили МСК, и сравнив их с результатами лечения 208 больных ЯК и БК, получавших стандартную противовоспалительную терапию, мы не выявили различий в развитии острых посттрансфузионных реакций, инфекционных осложнений, обострений хронических воспалительных заболеваний, тяжелых инфекционных осложнений, злокачественной трансформации и смертельных случаев у больных ЯК и БК, за исключением транзиторной лихорадки. Заключение. Результаты нашего исследования демонстрируют, что инновационный метод клеточной терапии является безопасным для клинического применения.

Objective. To assess frequency of immunogenetic (HLA-DRB I allels) and immunologic - anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACCP), IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) - parameters and their significance as markers of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and methods. HLA-DRB 1 alleles, ACCP and IgM RF were evaluated in 95 pts with early RA who fulfilled ACR criteria 1987 with disease duration 2 years or less. In 85,3% of them disease duration was