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In this study, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (mu PAD) was integrated with a smartphone app capable of offline (without internet access) image processing and analysis for the rapid colorimetric detection of glucose. A self-inking stamp was used to form hydrophobic channels on a piece of paper-towel due to its superior water absorption efficiency. As demonstrated, the developed sensor was employed for the colorimetric detection of glucose in artificial saliva in the linear scope of 0 - 1 mM with a calculated detection limit of 29.65 mu M. The experimental results show that the quantitative analysis of glucose with the proposed smartphone platform could be completed in less than one minute. The app developed for the smartphone platform is capable of extracting the color-changing area with an embedded image processing tool which could address the problem of color uniformity in the detection zones of mu PAD. The integrated platform has great potential to be used for non-invasive measurements of glucose in body fluids, like tears, sweat and saliva.

In the present study, iodide-mediated 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2 reaction system was applied to a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for non-enzymatic colorimetric determination of H2O2. The proposed system is portable and incorporates a μPAD with a machine learning-based smartphone app. A smartphone app called “Hi-perox Sens” capable of image capture, cropping and processing was developed to make the system simple and user-friendly. Briefly, circular μPADs were designed and tested with varying concentrations of H2O2. Following the color change, the images of the μPADs were taken with four different smartphones under seven different illumination conditions. In order to make the system more robust and adaptive against illumination variation and camera optics, the images were first processed for feature extraction and then used to train machine learning classifiers. According to the results, TMB + KI showed the highest classification accuracy (97.8%) with inter-phone repeatability at t = 30 s under versatile illumination and maintained its accuracy for 10 minutes. In addition, the performance of the system was also comparable to two different commercially available H2O2 kits in real samples.

In this study, the impact of graphene on neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells into neuron-like cells was evaluated in conjunction with electrical stimuli. First, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) microchip with a certain number of electrodes was fabricated using photolithography and then a chemically synthesized graphene was coated on the microchip. The electrical stimulation was applied through the ITO-microchip. Following optimization of neuronal differentiation conditions, the effect of AC and DC electrical stimulation on both bare and graphene-coated ITO-microchips for neuronal differentiation was investigated. According to the results, it was observed that electrical stimulation with direct current for 30 minutes caused a large degree of neuronal cell differentiation on the graphene coated ITO-microchips. The results were also verified by real-time qPCR.

Financial inclusion is defined as access and active use of official borrowing, saving, payment, insurance, investment tool and services with affordable cost by individuals and companies that excluded from financial system. In the literature, this issue is dealt with in the form of index development for countries or examination of components of financial participation. In this research, three main components, financial instrument ownership, active use of financial instruments and financial exclusion, are examined and the effects of individual characteristics and financial behaviors on these components are investigated using the Logit model. Data resource of this study is World Bank’s Global Findex – 2017 survey. According to the findings obtained from the study, it has been determined that the individual's workforce is the basic condition for financial participation. Also it is established that increasing education level has positive effect on financial inclusion. It has been seen that using formal financial instruments has positive effect at different magnitude on financial inclusion, on the other hand using cash is still effective. It has been determined that distrust to financial institutions, being in the poor income batch, and having one of the family member have financial instrument reduce financial inclusion.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; düşük maliyetli bir havayolu işletmesini tercih eden yolcuların hizmet kalite algısını ölçmeye çalışmak ve demografik özelliklerin hizmet kalite algısı üzerindeki olası etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada 465 katılımcıdan anket yöntemi ile elde edilen veriler, SPSS istatistik paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Örneklem seçiminde tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket çalışmasından elde edilen verilere frekans analizi, faktör analizi, bağımsız iki değişkenli t testi, tek yönlü ANOVA ve korelasyon testleri uygulanarak elde edilen sonuçlar tablolaştırılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın temel sonuçlarına göre; hizmet kalitesinin boyutları olan fiziksel özellikler, güven, heveslilik, güvenilirlik ve empati bileşenleri birbirlerini pozitif yönlü etkilemektedir. Çalışmaya konu olan işletmenin lineer fiyatlandırma politikası sebebi ile genel bir fiyat-kalite değerlendirmesi yapılması güçtür. Bununla birlikte, farklı gelir düzeyine sahip katılımcıların hizmet kalitesi algıları arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Ayrıca yaş ve eğitim durumu gibi diğer demografik özellikler, hizmet kalite algısını değiştirmemektedir. The purpose of this study is to try to measure the service quality perception of passengers who prefer a low-cost airline operation and to investigate the possible effects of demographic characteristics on the service quality perception. In the study, the data obtained by the survey method from 465 participants were tried to be interpreted by using the SPSS statistical package program. In the selection of the sample, sampling method was used convenient sampling procedure. The data obtained from the survey method were analyzed using SPSS statistical package program. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, independent bivariate t test, one-way ANOVA and correlation test results were tabulated and interpreted. According to the basic results of the research; physical qualities, reliability, responsiveness, reliability, and empathy components, which are dimensions of service quality, positively affect each other. Due to the linear pricing policy of the airline to be studied, it is difficult to conduct a general price-quality assessment. However, there is no significant difference between service quality perceptions of participants with different income levels. In addition, other demographic characteristics such as age and educational status do not change the perception of service quality.

Paper-based sensors have great potential for use in many different fields so far. In this study, a paper-based microfluidic analytical device (¼PAD) was integrated with a smartphone application capable of offline (no internet access) image processing and analysis for rapid colorimetric glucose detection. A paper towel was preferred due to its better water absorption efficiency than other papers. A stamp containing a 3D printed mold was used to form hydrophobic channels on a paper towel for the production of ADPAD. A hydrophobic by nature and light polymerizable resin was used as the ink. In order to increase the accuracy of the analysis, an image processing algorithm has been developed for the extraction of the region of interest (ROI) on the uPAD. The developed integrated platform gave a linear response in the range of 0.1 to 1 mM glucose and the limit of detection was calculated as 66.2 ¼M. The whole analysis was completed in less than one minute. Finally, a smart mobile phone application capable of offline image processing was developed to make the system user friendly. The integrated sensor system is portable, fast, user-friendly, ultra-low cost, usable by everyone, simple and sensitive.

Teknolojikgelişmelere bağlı olarak elektrik enerjisine olan ihtiyacın hızla artmasısebebiyle, güç transformatörlerinde oluşabilecek arızaların sosyal hayata veekonomik gelişime etkilerinin kritik bir öneme sahip olduğu açıktır. Çeşitlisebeplere bağlı olarak, güç transformatörlerinde oluşabilecek arızalar,sensörler ve bakım-onarım yöntemleri sayesinde, meydana gelmeden veya başlangıçaşamasında tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu makalede, meydana gelmiş arıza istatistikleriincelenerek, transformatörlerin yaşları, yüklenme oranları ve güçleri dikkatealınarak uygun bakım-onarım yönteminin belirlenmesine yönelik bir çalışmayapılmıştır. Belirli bir transformatör grubuna uygun bakım-onarım yöntemininbelirlenmesine yönelik bir yaklaşım olması açısından K-ortalamalar algoritmasıtercih edilmiştir. Kümeleme sonuçları yorumlanmış ve güç transformatörlerineuygun bakım-onarım yöntemleri belirlenmiştir., As a result ofmodernization and development of technology, demand of electrical energyincreased. Thus, network stabilization, reliability of energy system, serviceto customer and power quality becomes more crucial. Especially, assets intransmission system, such as power transformers, have a vital role because ofthe probability of effect to the whole network. Recently, electric utilitieswith deregulation and competitive market structure are focused reducingoperational costs and increasing life expectancy of the assets with somestrategies. For instance, diversify of maintenance strategies and particularinstruments of condition monitoring. In this study, it is adverted commonlypreferred maintenance strategies and power transformer condition monitoringmethods. Subsequently, a case study about the determination of correctmaintenance strategy for power transformers is applied with K-Means clusteringmethod.

Potassium iodide (KI) and 3,3 ′ ,5,5 ′ -tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) are frequently used as chromogenic agents in μ PADs for glucose determination. Chitosan (Chi) has peroxidase like activity and improves the analytic performance of μ PADs when used in combination with a chromogenic agent. Here, a portable platform incorporating a μ PAD with a smartphone application based on machine learning was developed to quantify glucose concentration in artificial saliva. The detection zones of the μ PAD were modified with three different detection mixtures containing; (i) KI, (ii) KI+Chi and (iii) TMB. After the color change, the images of the μ PADs were taken with four different smartphones under seven different illumination conditions. The images were first processed for feature extraction and then used to train machine learning classifiers, resulting in a more robust and adaptive platform against illumination variation and camera optics. Different machine learning classifiers were tested and the best machine learning classifier for each detection mixture was obtained. Next, a special application called “GlucoSensing” capable of image capture, cropping and processing was developed to make the system more user-friendly. A cloud system was used in the application to communicate with a remote server running machine learning classifiers. Among the three different detection mixtures, the mixture with TMB demonstrated the highest classification accuracy (98.24%) with inter-phone repeatability under versatile illumination.

Feedback mode-based electrochemical imaging of conductivity and topography for large substrate surfaces is presented using a large-scale integration (LSI)-based amperometric chip device with 400 sensors at a pitch of 250 μm. The LSI-based chip device has enabled rapid electrochemical imaging of large substrate surfaces, compared to scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). Substrates modified with conductive and insulating materials were placed onto the device to acquire electrochemical signals from the substrate surface using positive and negative feedback signals. The conductivity and topography of the substrate were successfully imaged, indicating that the feedback mode-based electrochemical imaging with such a device is useful to characterize large-area substrate surfaces.

In this study, a facile strategy for fabricating a microfluidic flow cytometer using two glass micropipettes with different sizes and a 3D printed millifluidic aligner was presented. Particle confinement was achieved by hydrodynamic focusing using a single sample and sheath flow. Device performance was extracted using the forward and side-scattered optical signals obtained using fiber-coupled laser and photodetectors. The 3-D printing assisted glass capillary microfluidic device is ultra-low-cost, not labor-intensive and takes less than 10 min to fabricate. The present device offers a great alternative to conventional benchtop flow cytometers in terms of optofluidic configuration.

The rate of deaths due to firearms is gradually increasing in our country and worldwide. Considering all medicolegal deaths, deaths due to firearms constitute a significant proportion. The purpose of our study is to determine general characteristics of death cases due to firearms and to compare them with similar studies.120 cases (14.3%) who were determined to be died due to firearms out of 838 cases that were undergone death examination and autopsy between 2010-2012 in Firat University Hospital, Department of Forensic Medicine in Elazig were retrospectively evaluated. These cases were assessed based on the parameters such as age, sex, origin, type of gun used, shooting distance, number of entry, localization of wound, place of event and time of the event. 102 (85%) of the cases were men and 18 (15%) were women. Mean age was 31.58±14.34, including 9 years as the youngest and 86 as the oldest. It was observed that deaths occurred within 20-29 age group (45.8%), during May (14.2%) and summer (30.8%) more often. While the most frequent origins were terror (32.2%) and suicide (32.2%), other reasons were murder (27.3%) and accidental death. It was also observed that 81 of the cases (66.1%) had single entry hole and deaths were mostly due to head-neck injury (37.5%).Deaths due to firearms constitute an important part of criminal deaths occurring in our region. When compared with the data from Turkey and the world, some differences associated with regional factors are observed such as terror and sociocultural characteristics. We suggest that use of unlicensed guns should be avoided, special care should be given to medical examination and licensing criteria before the issue of gun licences and society should be educated in order to decrease death rates due to firearms.Key words: Firearm injury, autopsy, suicide

In this study, Med measurements which is a part of tajweed disciplines has been tanen up. Nowadays, the condition and perform of these meds which are shown with ‘elif’ or ‘hareke’ have differences among Quran readers. First, it was pointed how these meds have been understood since the first period and how these understanding differences have reflected on practise, then an evaluation has been made. Elif and hareke expressions used in the sources appeared after the appearence of science Tajweed. They do not express an absolute measurement and vary depending on the reading speed.